Method for ecological restoration of flowing sand land in alpine region

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for ecologically restoring a flowing sand land in an alpine region, which comprises the following steps of: leveling and tamping the flowing sand land to be restored, and arranging a gabion net sand barrier; the borrowed soil is uniformly scattered and covered in the grids, and the thickness of the borrowed soil is 5-10 cm; planting holes are dug in the boundaries and the middles of the grids, the depth of the planting holes is 50 cm or above, woody plants are planted in the planting holes, and a flowing sand control area is formed; herbaceous plant seeds are sown in the grids. According to the method, through a series of steps of arranging the gabion net sand barriers on the flowing sand land in the alpine region, applying the foreign soil, planting the woody plants and sowing the herbaceous plant seeds, the total vegetation coverage and the seedling survival rate are remarkably improved, the total vegetation coverage of the extremely-severe sand land can reach 35% or above, the total vegetation coverage of the severe sand land can reach 45% or above, and the total vegetation coverage of the moderate sand land can reach 65% or above; and the survival rate of the seedlings reaches 85% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and relates to an ecological restoration method suitable for mobile sand land in alpine areas. Background Art

[0002] The alpine areas mentioned in the present invention specifically refer to those areas where the total accumulated temperature ≥ 0°C ≤ 3000°C and the average temperature of the hottest month ≤ 18°C, including Tibet, the entire Qinghai Province, western Sichuan, southern Gansu, northwestern Yunnan, and the mountainous areas of southern Xinjiang. Due to their unique climatic conditions, ecological restoration work in these areas faces many challenges. The mobile sand land mentioned in the present invention, that is, sand land with a vegetation coverage of less than 15%, strong wind and sand activity, and surface sand material in a mobile state, is a common problem in these areas.

[0003] In alpine areas, the management of mobile sand usually uses solid materials to set up obstacles on the mobile sand surface (windward side) to control the movement of wind-blown sand, and carries out afforestation to prevent wind and fix sand. However, as time goes by, upright or mechanical sand barriers will be covered by mobile sand dunes, resulting in a weakening of the sand control effect year by year. According to statistics, between 1952 and 2005, my country carried out sand control and sand control through afforestation, but only 24% of the trees survived, which shows that not only the cost of afforestation is high, the survival rate of trees is low, but also the wind and sand activities under the forest still exist in the first few years after the seedlings survive.

[0004] Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the western part of Sichuan Province and has an important ecological location. There are 515,800 hectares of desertified land, accounting for 3.45% of the total land area of ​​the prefecture. In recent years, land desertification has become increasingly serious in Shiqu County and Litang County in Ganzi Prefecture, directly affecting the ecological security of the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins and restricting the sustainable development of the regional economy and society.

[0005] In the process of managing mobile sand, there are some problems with the commonly used methods in production. First, the management process is complicated and the preservation rate is low. Traditional management methods, such as setting up obstacles with solid materials and afforestation, are often difficult to adapt to the specific environmental conditions of alpine areas, resulting in poor restoration effects and low vegetation survival rates. Secondly, the workload is large and the technical difficulty is relatively high. The ecological restoration of alpine grasslands is labor-intensive and requires professional technical support, which is a challenge for local residents. Finally, it is not conducive to large-scale management and is difficult to promote. Due to high costs and complex technologies, these methods are difficult to promote and apply in a wider area.

[0006] Ecological restoration technology for mobile sand in alpine regions faces challenges such as extreme climatic conditions, low vegetation coverage, severe soil desertification, and insignificant ecological restoration effects. Therefore, developing ecological restoration technology that adapts to the environmental characteristics of alpine regions is of great practical significance for improving the ecological environment in the region and promoting sustainable development. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological restoration method that is adapted to the characteristics of mobile sand in high-altitude and cold regions, so as to improve the restoration effect, promote vegetation recovery, and improve the ecological environment.

[0008] The inventor has continuously innovated and reformed through long-term exploration and attempts, as well as multiple experiments and efforts, to solve the above technical problems. The technical solution provided by the present invention is to provide a method for ecological restoration of mobile sand in alpine areas, comprising the following steps: S1. After the mobile sand to be repaired is leveled and compacted, gabion sand barriers are set up; S2. Spread the covering soil evenly in the grid, with a thickness of 5-10cm; S3. Dig planting holes at the boundaries and in the middle of the grid, with a depth of more than 50 cm; S4. Plant woody plants in the planting holes to form a mobile sand management area; sow herbaceous plant seeds in the grid.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Firstly, by setting up gabion sand barriers on the mobile sand, the movement of wind and sand is effectively controlled, the stability of the sand is enhanced, and the effect of preventing wind and fixing sand is improved; secondly, the use of imported soil covering technology not only improves the soil structure, but also provides a good foundation for plant growth, so that the total vegetation coverage and seedling survival rate are significantly improved; thirdly, by digging planting holes at the boundaries and in the middle of the grid and planting woody plants, as well as sowing herbaceous plant seeds in the grid, a multi-level, three-dimensional vegetation coverage system is formed, which not only enhances the sand's resistance to wind erosion, but also promotes the restoration of ecological diversity; finally, this method is simple and easy, easy to promote and apply on a large scale, and can achieve effective ecological restoration of mobile sand in high-altitude and cold areas in a relatively short period of time, which is of great significance for protecting and improving the ecological environment in high-altitude and cold areas.

[0010] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Furthermore: the imported soil is gravel-free loam with an organic matter content greater than 1%.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are: This further technical solution can significantly improve the fertility and structure of the soil, enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, promote the growth of plant roots and nutrient absorption, and at the same time improve the biological activity and anti-erosion ability of the soil. Such soil conditions are conducive to the survival and reproduction of plants in arid and barren alpine sandy environments, thereby effectively increasing vegetation coverage and seedling survival rates, accelerating the process of ecological restoration, and having a significant positive impact on improving and protecting the ecological environment in alpine areas.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Furthermore: the length, width and depth of the planting hole are 30 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm respectively.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are: This improvement can provide sufficient growth space for woody plants, promote healthy root expansion, and ensure sufficient soil depth to support long-term stable growth of plants. Such a size not only avoids the damage to the soil structure that may be caused by excessive excavation, but also ensures good drainage performance, reduces the risk of waterlogging and root diseases, thereby effectively improving the survival rate and growth quality of seedlings, and has a positive role in promoting the ecological restoration of mobile sand in high-altitude cold regions.

[0014] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Furthermore: the woody plant is one or more of Salix alpiniae, Salix matsudana, Berberis xylostellaria, and Potentilla fruticosa.

[0015] Preferably, the woody plants are 2-3 year old seedlings.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are: Using one or more of Salix alpiniae, Salix matsudana, Berberis chinensis, and Potentilla fruticosa as woody plants, and selecting 2-3 year old seedlings, this improved solution can significantly improve the adaptability and stress resistance of plants in high-cold areas compared with existing technologies, because these plant species are particularly cold-resistant and drought-resistant, and have well-developed root systems, which help to quickly form a stable vegetation layer and improve the survival rate. At the same time, this diverse plant combination helps to increase the diversity of the ecosystem, improve soil structure, and promote the growth of other plants, providing a more effective and sustainable method for the ecological restoration of mobile sand in high-cold areas.

[0017] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows: Furthermore: the herbaceous plants are Elymus dactylis, Poa annua, Festuca australis and Lolium multiflorum.

[0018] Preferably, the ratio of the grass species of Elymus dahliae, Poa annua, Festuca australis and Lolium multiflorum is 4:1:1:2.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are: The herbaceous plant combination of Elymus dahliae, Kentucky bluegrass, Festuca australis and Lolium multiflorum is used, and the grass seeds are sown in a ratio of 4:1:1:2. Compared with the existing technology, this improved solution can more effectively adapt to the harsh environment of high-cold areas and improve the soil improvement effect and the stability of the ecosystem. This herbaceous plant combination not only enhances the soil's anti-erosion ability, but also improves biodiversity and promotes ecological restoration. At the same time, some plants such as Festuca australis and Lolium multiflorum also provide additional feeding value, which helps to improve the ecological and economic benefits of the region.

[0020] The present invention significantly improves the total vegetation coverage and seedling survival rate through a series of steps including setting up gabion sand barriers, spreading foreign soil, planting woody plants and sowing herbaceous plant seeds on mobile sand in high-cold areas. Specifically, the total vegetation coverage of extremely severe sand can reach more than 35%, that of severe sand can reach more than 45%, that of moderate sand can reach more than 65%, and the survival rate of seedlings can reach more than 85%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] This implementation method aims to carry out ecological restoration of mobile sand in high-altitude and cold regions through a series of specific steps, so as to increase vegetation coverage, improve soil structure, enhance ecological adaptability and resistance, and improve the effect of ecological restoration.

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all equipment and raw materials can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the industry. The methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in the art.

[0024] The following is a detailed specific implementation method, describing a method for ecological restoration of mobile sand in alpine areas: Step 1: Level and compact the mobile sand Carry out the work immediately after the soil thaws in the spring to ensure that the foundation work is completed before the planting season. Select the mobile sand area in the high-cold region to be repaired. Use heavy machinery to level the sand to ensure the ground is flat. Carry out compaction to increase the density of the soil and provide a solid foundation for the subsequent setting of the gabion sand barrier.

[0025] Step 2: Set up the Gabion Sand Barrier On the leveled and compacted sand, gabions are laid according to the design requirements. The aperture of the gabions is 10 cm * 12 cm, the height is 1.1 m, and the length and width of the small area enclosed by the gabions are both 5 m. Ensure that the gabion sand barrier is firm and stable and can effectively block the wind and sand.

[0026] Step 3: Spread the soil Choose gravel-free loam as the guest soil and ensure that the organic matter content is greater than 1%.

[0027] Spread the soil evenly in the gabion mesh, with a thickness of 5-10 cm. Preferably, the thickness of the soil is 7 cm. Ensure that the soil is evenly covered to provide a good soil environment for plant growth.

[0028] Step 4: Dig the planting hole At the boundaries and middle of the gabion net, dig planting holes according to the specifications of 30cm×30cm×50cm.

[0029] Make sure the planting hole is more than 50cm deep to provide sufficient growth space for the roots of woody plants.

[0030] Step 5: Planting Woody Plants One or more of Salix alpiniae, Salix matsudana, Berberis xylostellaria, and Potentilla fruticosa are selected as the woody plants.

[0031] Choose 2-3 year old seedlings to increase survival rate and growth rate.

[0032] After the soil temperature reaches 15°C, the selected woody plants are planted in the planting holes to form a mobile sand management area.

[0033] Step 6: Sowing Herb Seeds Elymus dactylis, Poa annua, Festuca australis and Lolium multiflorum were selected as herbaceous plants.

[0034] Mix grass seeds in a ratio of 4:1:1:2 and spread evenly in the grid.

[0035] Ensure that the grass seed sowing rate reaches 4kg / mu to achieve good vegetation coverage.

[0036] Step 7: Post-management and maintenance In the first year after planting, check the vegetation growth regularly and replenish water and nutrients in time.

[0037] Replant poorly growing plants to ensure vegetation coverage and seedling survival rate.

[0038] As the vegetation gradually stabilizes, reduce human intervention and allow natural ecological processes to take effect.

[0039] In 2002, the above implementation method was used to restore mobile sand in Shiqu County and Litang County of Ganzi Prefecture. According to the statistical results in October 2024, the total vegetation coverage of extremely severe sand in the treatment area reached more than 45%, the total vegetation coverage of severe sand reached more than 55%, the total vegetation coverage of moderate sand reached more than 75%, and the survival rate of seedlings reached more than 85%. After two years of reseeding and management, the total vegetation coverage and seedling survival rate in the treatment area can still be maintained at a high level, effectively realizing the ecological restoration of mobile sand in high-altitude cold areas.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that "-" and "~" represent the range between two values, and the range includes the endpoints. For example: "AB" represents a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B. "A~B" represents a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, the term "and / or" herein is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0042] In the description of the invention, the numerical values ​​of time, temperature, ratio, mass, etc. involved may be based on actual measurements, standard parameters of equipment, simplified rounding results, or within an acceptable error range, ensuring the practicability and repeatability of the invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, the term "about" or "approximately" is used to express the approximate value of a numerical value or range, allowing a certain error to ensure the flexibility and practicality of the description while remaining within an acceptable error range, with the maximum error range not exceeding 10% of the corresponding numerical value or numerical range.

[0044] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of mobile sand in alpine areas, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. After the mobile sand to be repaired is leveled and compacted, gabion sand barriers are set up; S2. Spread the covering soil evenly in the grid, with a thickness of 5-10cm; S3. Dig planting holes at the boundaries and in the middle of the grid, with a depth of more than 50 cm. S4. Plant woody plants in the planting holes to form a mobile sand management area; sow herbaceous plant seeds in the grid.

2. The method for ecological restoration of mobile sand in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The imported soil is gravel-free loam with an organic matter content greater than 1%.

3. The method for ecological restoration of mobile sand in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length, width and depth of the planting hole are 30 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm respectively.

4. The method for ecological restoration of mobile sand in alpine areas according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The woody plants are one or more of Salix alpiniae, Salix matsudana, Berberis bracteatum and Potentilla fruticosa.

5. The method for ecological restoration of mobile sand in alpine areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The woody plants are selected from 2 to 3 year old seedlings.

6. The method for ecological restoration of mobile sand in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The herbaceous plants are Elymus dactylis, Poa annua, Festuca australis and Lolium multiflorum.

7. The method for ecological restoration of mobile sand in alpine areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The grass species quantity ratio of the Elymus dactylis, Poa annua, Festuca australis and Lolium multiflorum is 4:1:1:2.