Pleurotus geesteranus culture medium containing nut shells and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a pleurotus geesteranus culture medium containing nutshells and application of the pleurotus geesteranus culture medium, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation. The invention provides a culture medium for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus, which is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 17 to 25 parts of nutshells, 20 to 27 parts of cotton hulls, 6 to 13 parts of wheat bran, 8 to 15 parts of weed tree sawdust, 8 to 15 parts of corncobs, 2 to 7 parts of corn flour, 2 to 7 parts of soybean meal, 5 to 10 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate. Nut shells are used for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus and serve as one of nitrogen source supply sources, and the cultivation cost of edible mushrooms is reduced; the nut shells can be turned into wealth, and the cultivated edible mushrooms are high in yield, good in economic benefit and higher in edible safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and in particular relates to a nutshell-containing Pleurotus geesteranus culture medium and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Pleurotus geesteranus (Pleurotuspulmonarius), also known as Phoenix Tail Mushroom, is a wood-rotting fungus belonging to the phylum Basidiomycetes, class Agaricus, order Agaricaceae, family Pleurotus. Its fruiting body is rich in nutrients, including active substances such as flavonoids and polysaccharides. It has the characteristics of high protein and low fat, and a complete range of amino acids. In terms of protein characteristics, Pleurotus geesteranus protein also has good solubility and emulsification. Its flesh is plump and tender, delicious, and rich in nutritional value. It is a fungus with both edible and medicinal functions. Therefore, Pleurotus geesteranus is increasingly popular among consumers due to its unique value, bringing higher economic benefits.

[0003] As the scale of the industry gradually expands, the demand for raw materials for cultivation substrates in the edible fungi industry increases year by year. Limited by the objective condition that the growth cycle of trees is long, the supply of raw materials such as sawdust commonly used in edible fungi cultivation is becoming increasingly tight, and the price has been rising year by year. This directly restricts the stable development of the edible fungi industry, making the development of alternative materials for sawdust, the main raw material for edible fungi cultivation substrates, a key problem that needs to be solved urgently. Nitrogen source is an indispensable nutrient element in the growth and development of edible fungi. The content will affect both the growth of mycelium and the yield and quality of edible fungi. Within a certain range, increasing the nitrogen content can increase the yield of fruiting bodies, and low nitrogen content can easily cause poor mycelium development, resulting in a decrease in yield. Bran is usually used as the main raw material for nitrogen source of culture medium, but due to the relatively high economic value of bran and the high cost of transportation distance from north to south, the cultivation cost of edible fungi remains high. Therefore, by seeking a low-cost, easily available, safe and reliable nitrogen source to replace bran as a raw material for edible fungus cultivation, the amount of bran used in Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation can be reduced, thereby improving the cultivation efficiency and product yield of Pleurotus geesteranus, increasing economic benefits, and providing a reference basis for Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation research.

[0004] The main components of macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia) shell are cellulose or lignin, with high carbon content and low ash content. It is hard, widely available and low-cost, and can be used as one of the high-quality resources to be developed and utilized. At present, the research on macadamia nuts at home and abroad mainly focuses on planting, physiology and biochemistry, nut nutrients, processing technology, etc., and there are few reports on the development and utilization of macadamia nut shells. Most of the macadamia nut shells are discarded, which wastes resources and pollutes the environment. Longzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is one of the important nut producing areas in my country. With the goal of building "the largest nut trade and processing trading base in the country", the local area has promoted the planting of nuts since 2014. At present, the nut planting area in the county has reached 152,600 mu, and the total output in 2023 will exceed 40,000 tons, with an output value of 480 million yuan. Calculated at a kernel rate of 36%, 29,000 tons of nut green peel can be produced annually. Nut green peel is rich in lignocellulose and is a high-quality candidate matrix material for cultivating wood-decomposing edible fungi. At present, a small amount of green nut peels can be seen in research reports, and have been used in the fields of organic fertilizer, feed, and medical and beauty raw materials and auxiliary materials development, but most of them have not been developed and utilized, and have been discarded as waste. The large amount of active substances contained in the green peels have basically not been reasonably developed and utilized, and the utilization efficiency is low. As a high-quality lignocellulose material, it is seriously wasted. In view of this, the development of nut green peels as an important raw material for edible fungi cultivation substrates can reduce the excessive dependence of the edible fungi industry on tree and shrub materials, make full use of the large amount of rapidly renewable nut green peel lignocellulose resources, and reduce the purchase of sawdust from other places. It can greatly reduce the production cost of edible fungi, accelerate the local supply of raw materials for edible fungi production, and promote the environmentally friendly and healthy development of the edible fungi industry in the whole region. It has very important comprehensive strategic value such as environmental protection value, economic value and social value. At present, there are no reports on the use of macadamia nut shells to cultivate Pleurotus geesteranus. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a culture medium of Pleurotus geesteranus containing nut shells and its application. The present invention uses nut shells as one of the main raw materials of mushroom sticks to cultivate Pleurotus geesteranus, and uses it as one of the sources of nitrogen supply, which can achieve the effect of reducing the amount of wheat bran and corn cobs, so that the present invention greatly reduces the cultivation cost of edible fungi, and the yield is higher than that of the culture medium without nut shells.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] Technical solution 1: A culture medium for cultivating Pleurotus geesteranus, comprising, by weight, 17-25 parts of nut shells, 20-27 parts of cotton husks, 6-13 parts of wheat bran, 8-15 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 8-15 parts of corn cobs, 2-7 parts of corn flour, 2-7 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate.

[0008] The weight is preferably a dry weight.

[0009] Furthermore, the components include, by weight: 21 parts of nut shells, 26 parts of cotton husks, 10 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 11 parts of corn cobs, 5 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate.

[0010] Furthermore, the corn cob is soaked in water for 30 minutes.

[0011] Furthermore, the size of the nut shell is 0.5×0.8 cm.

[0012] Technical solution 2: A method for cultivating Pleurotus geesteranus, comprising the following steps: mixing the components of the cultivation substrate according to weight proportions, adjusting the water content and pH value, making a fungus bag, sterilizing, inoculating liquid bacteria after cooling, and cultivating the Pleurotus geesteranus.

[0013] Furthermore, the water content is 63% and the pH value is 5.8-6.2.

[0014] Furthermore, the height of the mushroom bag is 18 cm and the bottom diameter is 12 cm.

[0015] Furthermore, the sterilization treatment is to evacuate the bag, raise the temperature to 105°C within 60 minutes; perform the first insulation at 105°C for 30 minutes; perform the second insulation at 115°C for 30 minutes; and perform sterilization treatment at 123°C for 180 minutes; preferably, after the sterilization treatment, the step of stewing the bag for 30 minutes is also included.

[0016] Furthermore, the inoculation volume of the liquid strain inoculation is 20 mL.

[0017] Technical solution three: Application of the culture medium in increasing the yield of Pleurotus geesteranus.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0019] Based on the fact that macadamia nut shell residue waste is difficult to utilize, the present invention discloses a culture medium for Pleurotus geesteranus. The culture medium comprises, by weight (dry weight), 17-25 parts of nut shells, 20-27 parts of cotton hulls, 6-13 parts of wheat bran, 8-15 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 8-15 parts of corn cobs, 2-7 parts of corn flour, 2-7 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate. The present invention uses nut shells as a culture medium for edible fungi, thus creating a new use of macadamia nut shells. The culture medium is optimized by using nut shells as a nitrogen source to replace bran and corn cobs, so that the nutrients required for the growth of edible fungi can be satisfied. The present invention uses nut shells as one of the main raw materials for mushroom sticks to cultivate Pleurotus geesteranus (the nut shells have a low acquisition cost and no pesticide residues, and the cultivated Pleurotus geesteranus has higher economic benefits and food safety). Using nut shells as one of the nitrogen source supply sources can achieve the effect of reducing the amount of wheat bran and corn cobs used, so that the present invention greatly reduces the cultivation cost of edible fungi, and the yield is higher than that of a culture medium without adding nut shells.

[0020] Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is one of the major macadamia nut growing provinces in China, and the macadamia nut shell resources are rich, low-cost and easy to obtain. Therefore, this study used macadamia nut shells produced in Longzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as raw materials and nitrogen sources to prepare Pleurotus geesteranus culture medium, fully developed the use of macadamia nut shells, turned waste into treasure, and increased the added value of macadamia nuts, which has certain economic value and significance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 Put up pictures of mushroom bags on the shelf on day 1;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the mushroom production situation on the 5th day;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the mushroom production situation on the 6th day. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0027] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0029] Embodiment 1 A kind of cultivation method of Pleurotus geesteranus

[0030] 1. Raw material pretreatment: Soak corn cobs in water for 30 minutes; crush macadamia shells from Longzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region into pieces of about 0.5×0.8 cm;

[0031] 2. Mix the materials to make mushroom bags: according to the weight, mix 21 parts of nut shells, 26 parts of cotton shells, 10 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 11 parts of corn cobs, 5 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate, stir for 20 minutes, adjust the moisture content to 63%, pH to 6; bag the mixture, the bag height is 18 cm, the bottom diameter is 12 cm, and the weight is 2.65 catties;

[0032] 3. Sterilization: vacuum the bag once, -0.055MP; temperature rise: ensure the temperature rises to 105℃ within 60min; keep warm for the first time at 105℃, 30min; keep warm for the second time at 115℃, 30min; sterilize at 123℃, 180min; simmer for 30min;

[0033] 4. Inoculation: Cool the sterilized bags and inoculate with liquid bacteria in a positive pressure, sterile and 19°C environment with an inoculation volume of 20 mL.

[0034] 5. Cultivate until fruiting: maintain the culture temperature at 26°C, ventilation (2500CO2), light off, and humidity at 55%.

[0035] Pay attention to check whether the warehouse is damp before the mushroom bags are put into storage. A damp warehouse can easily lead to excessive aerial mycelium in the mushroom bags and too thick mushroom skin, which is not conducive to the management of mushroom production in the later stage.

[0036] Figure 1 Put up pictures of mushroom bags on the shelf on day 1; Figure 2 This is the mushroom production situation on the 5th day; Figure 3 This is the mushroom production situation on the 6th day.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] Compared with Example 1, the culture medium components of this example are as follows: by weight, the components include: 17 parts of nut shells, 20 parts of cotton hulls, 6 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 8 parts of corn cobs, 2 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate. The remaining steps are the same.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] Compared with Example 1, the culture medium components of this example are as follows: by weight, the components include: 25 parts of nut shells, 27 parts of cotton hulls, 13 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 15 parts of corn cobs, 7 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate. The remaining steps are the same.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] Compared with Example 1, the culture medium components of this comparative example are as follows: by weight, the components include: 15 parts of nut shells, 28 parts of cotton hulls, 15 parts of wheat bran, 7 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 16 parts of corn cobs, 10 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate. The remaining steps are the same.

[0043] Comparative Example 2

[0044] Compared with Example 1, the culture medium components of this comparative example are as follows: by weight, the components include: 33 parts of cotton hulls, 17 parts of wheat bran, 19 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 12 parts of corn cobs, 5 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate. The remaining steps are the same.

[0045] Comparative Example 3

[0046] Compared with Example 1, the sterilization in this comparative example is carried out at 100° C. for 1.5 h. The remaining steps are the same.

[0047] Comparative Example 4

[0048] Compared with Example 1, the moisture content of the bacteria bag in this comparative example was adjusted to 65% and the pH to 7. The remaining steps were the same.

[0049] Comparative Example 5

[0050] Compared with Example 1, the culture medium components of this comparative example are as follows: by weight, the components include: 33 parts of nut shells, 26 parts of cotton hulls, 10 parts of wheat bran, 11 parts of corn cobs, 5 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate. The remaining steps are the same.

[0051] Comparative Example 6

[0052] Compared with Example 1, the culture medium components of this comparative example are: by weight, the components include: 31 parts of nut shells, 26 parts of cotton shells, 12 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 11 parts of corn cobs, 5 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate. The remaining steps are the same.

[0053] Comparative Example 7

[0054] Compared with Example 1, the culture medium components of this comparative example are as follows: by weight, the components include: 47 parts of nut shells, 10 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 11 parts of corn cobs, 5 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate. The remaining steps are the same.

[0055] The fruiting of Pleurotus geesteranus cultured in each group of culture medium of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 was tracked and recorded, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0056] Table 1 Comparison results of Pleurotus geesteranus fruiting

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the yield per unit area of ​​Example 1 is 0.3348 kg / bag, which is 0.022 kg / bag higher than the culture medium effect of Comparative Example 2 in the prior art without adding nut shells. Compared with Comparative Example 2, Example 1 can also improve the yield per unit area under the premise of reducing the use of cotton husks, wheat bran and miscellaneous sawdust. From the yield per unit area of ​​Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the present invention provides the best cultivation process and further improves the yield per unit area of ​​Pleurotus geesteranus.

[0060] In summary, in the cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus, the present invention provides a culture medium scheme with high yield, utilizes discarded nut shells to replace part of corn cobs, bran and miscellaneous sawdust, and optimizes the cultivation process, thereby effectively improving the recycling rate of nut shells, turning waste into treasure, reducing the cultivation cost of edible fungi, and effectively increasing economic benefits.

[0061] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A culture medium for cultivating Pleurotus geesteranus, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, the components include: 17-25 parts of nut shells, 20-27 parts of cotton hulls, 6-13 parts of wheat bran, 8-15 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 8-15 parts of corn cobs, 2-7 parts of corn flour, 2-7 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate.

2. The culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The components include, by weight: 21 parts of nut shells, 26 parts of cotton husks, 10 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 11 parts of corn cobs, 5 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of bagasse, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of light calcium carbonate.

3. The culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The corn cobs were soaked in water for 30 min.

4. The culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The size of the nut shell is 0.5×0.8 cm.

5. A method for cultivating Pleurotus geesteranus, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: mixing the components of the cultivation substrate according to claim 1 according to weight proportions, adjusting the water content and pH value, making a fungus bag, sterilizing the bag, inoculating liquid fungus after cooling, and culturing the Pleurotus geesteranus.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water content is 63% and the pH value is 6.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of the mushroom bag is 18 cm and the bottom diameter is 12 cm.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sterilization treatment is to evacuate the fungus bag, raise the temperature to 105°C within 60 minutes, perform the first heat preservation at 105°C for 30 minutes, perform the second heat preservation at 115°C for 30 minutes, and perform the sterilization treatment at 123°C for 180 minutes.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inoculation volume of the liquid bacteria is 20 mL.

10. Use of the culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in increasing the yield of Pleurotus geesteranus.

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