Universal type assembling and welding tool and method for large end of locomotive chassis

Abstract

The invention provides a general type assembling and welding tool for the large end of a locomotive chassis and an assembling and welding method. The tool comprises a lifting positioner, a modular tool and a leveling lead screw. The modular tool comprises a rectangular frame, a small end assembly supporting beam, a movable beam, an edge beam clamp and an edge beam support. Two long beams of the rectangular frame are frame edge beams, and two short beams of the rectangular frame are end beams; t-shaped grooves are formed in the upper surfaces, the lower surfaces and the inner surfaces of the frame edge beams correspondingly, the two ends of one movable beam are connected with the frame edge beams on the two sides correspondingly, and center line vertical rods are arranged on the upper surfaces of the two outermost movable beams in the multiple movable beams; all large-end products can be assembled and welded on the tool by replacing a small number of parts, the cost is greatly saved, the production efficiency is improved, welding deformation can be reduced when welding is conducted in the clamping state of a clamp, the product quality is improved, and the application range of the tool form is extremely wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of locomotive underframes, and in particular to a universal assembly welding tool and an assembly welding method for a large end portion of a locomotive underframe. Background Art

[0002] The carbon steel locomotive underframe can be manufactured in three sections, namely the front end, the middle part and the rear end. The front end and the rear end are collectively referred to as the big end. The big end is generally divided into the side beam type big end and the middle beam type big end. The side beam type big end is mainly composed of the big end side beam, the small end assembly, the side bearing assembly, the connecting beam, etc. The middle beam type big end is mainly composed of the middle beam, the small end assembly, the side bearing seat, the cross beam 9, etc. Among them, the position of the side bearing hole after the big end is welded, the flatness of the two side bearing seats 10, the horizontal distance between the transverse centerline 7 of the side bearing seat and the transverse centerline 11 of the traction rod seat on the end, and the outer dimensions formed after the left and right side beams are welded are particularly important and directly affect the welding quality of the underframe.

[0003] At present, the large end assembly can be installed in the forward or reverse direction, such as Figure 1 , 2As shown, the manufacturing steps for the side beam type large end are generally as follows: (1) Preparation: (1.1) Design and manufacture a special assembly tool fixed on the ground according to the vehicle model (before assembling the large end, level the side bearing seat support on the special tool in advance, and adjust the height difference and level between the support surface of other components and the side bearing seat support); (1.2) Design and manufacture a welding flip tool according to the vehicle model; adjust the distance between the two lifting flip positioners according to the length of the flip tool; install the welding flip tool on the positioner; (2) Assemble each component on the special assembly tool according to the assembly process and apply positioning welding: (2.1) Place the welded side bearing assembly seat on the side bearing seat support (two positioning pins are designed on each of the side bearing seat supports on the left and right sides of the tool to position the two circular holes on each of the side bearing seats on the left and right sides of the side bearing assembly 5); (2.2) Place the end on the end support; (2.3) Use Use the vertical poles at the front and rear ends of the tooling to pull out the longitudinal centerline powder line; (2.4) Adjust the assembly level of the small end, adjust the small end assembly longitudinal center to be horizontally aligned with the powder line, and adjust the horizontal distance between the front end plate of the small end assembly and the transverse centerline of the side bearing seat; (2.5) Install the side beams. The left and right outer ends of the large end side beams on the tooling are respectively designed with a number of sliders and slide rail combinations, and the sliders are installed with side beam molds. The molds can slide in the transverse direction and finally fit tightly with the outer skin surface of the large end side beam to ensure that the outer skin of the left and right side beams is symmetrical with the longitudinal centerline and the width of the large end; (2.6) Install other components and apply positioning welding; (3) The large end after assembly and positioning welding is lifted from the special assembly tooling and placed on the special welding flip tooling, and the clamp is tightened; (4) Perform all-round welding according to the process; (5) Lift the large end out of the flip tooling, lift it into the leveling device, and level the large end; (6) Check and repair.

[0004] The shortcomings of the current large-end assembly method are as follows: (1) The length range of large-end models is 4500-9000mm, the width range is 2800-3340mm, the height is 1200-1800mm, the side beam height is 200-550mm, the lateral center distance of the side bearing holes is 2000-2200mm, and the weight is 5 tons-10 tons; the structural dimensions of various models vary greatly, and each model needs to be designed and manufactured with a dedicated assembly tool and flip tool. Each tool is 6 to 10 meters long and more than 3 meters wide, which is costly and occupies a large area; (2) There are many lifting times. After the side beam type large end is assembled, it needs to be hoisted again on the flip tool for welding, and then hoisted down after completion. After the center beam type large end is welded on the flip tool, it needs to be placed in the reverse state (such as Figure 3) and placed on the leveling device. After re-leveling, assemble and weld the four side bearings. After completion, hoist it again on the flip tooling and hoist it out in the front state for subsequent chassis assembly operations. (Note: Because the front of the main components of the large end are basically in the same plane, even if there is a height difference, it is not large, so the large end basically adopts the straight-forward installation process, especially the center beam type large end. Since the welding deformation of the center beam 8 is large and it is easy to cause distortion, all of them are in the straight-forward installation form to facilitate the use of a level to adjust the level of the upper plane); (3) The longitudinal spacing of the positioner needs to be adjusted for each new model manufactured; (4) The side beam assembly adopts a mobile mold form, which requires a large amount of machining to ensure that the left and right side beams are symmetrical with the longitudinal center line and meet the size. The manufacturing cost is high, the specialization is strong and the versatility is low; (5) If Figure 4 , the horizontal distance between the lateral centerline of the side bearing seat of some special models and the lateral centerline of the traction rod seat on the end needs to be guaranteed, because the height difference between the two seats is about 1200mm, which is difficult to guarantee; (adopting the reverse installation process, the upper plane of the large end is reversed on the cast iron platform, and the plane of the cast iron platform is machined and horizontally adjusted to ensure that the upper plane of the large end is horizontal. Design and manufacture special three-dimensional hoisting tooling for its positioning and installation. The disadvantages are high cost and poor adaptability; the height difference of the back side is large, and the height difference of the center line from the back side is large, so a large number of auxiliary devices manufactured by machining are required to ensure the size, which is relatively complicated; the more complex the tooling, the more difficult it is to design a universal design; the flatness requirements of a single component are high, because the side bearing seat reference surface 6 is reversed, and it cannot be adjusted and tested during assembly, especially the large end of the center beam type is not suitable for reverse installation) (6) After the side bearing assembly parts are welded, the side bearing There is a welding shrinkage deviation in the transverse center distance of the side bearing holes on the seat. At the same time, in order to facilitate the side bearing assembly to fall into the four locating pins and to facilitate the lifting of the large end after assembly, the diameter of the four locating pins on the large end tooling should be smaller than the diameter of the side bearing hole (for example, the hole is Φ60, and the locating pin is Φ58.5). However, this also affects the positioning accuracy of the assembly tooling for the side bearing assembly; the large end is assembled on the assembly tooling, and after the positioning welding, it needs to be hoisted on the flip tooling to carry out the welding of all welds. The welding of the long welds between the side bearing assembly and the left and right side beams will cause the entire side bearing assembly to shrink laterally again, thereby causing the deviation of the transverse center distance of the side bearing holes to increase again. At the same time, most of the other components are no longer constrained by the fixture. This process is not conducive to the dimensional control of the transverse center distance of the side bearing holes, and is also not conducive to the dimensional control of other components. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the above technical problem of low universality of the current large end assembly method, a universal assembly welding tool and assembly welding method for the large end of a locomotive chassis are provided. The present invention mainly manufactures an assembly welding tool, which can ensure that all large end products can be assembled and welded on this tool through modular design; thereby increasing the universality of the large end assembly method.

[0006] The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A universal assembly welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe, comprising a lifting positioner, a modular tool and a leveling screw;

[0008] The modular tooling includes a rectangular frame, a small end assembly support beam, a mobile beam, a side beam fixture, a side beam support, a center line upright, a side bearing positioning seat, a first crossbeam assembly, and a second crossbeam assembly; the two long beams of the rectangular frame are frame side beams, and the two short beams of the rectangular frame are end beams; the upper surface, lower surface, and inner surface of the frame side beam are respectively provided with T-shaped grooves, there are several mobile beams, and the two ends of a mobile beam are respectively connected to the frame side beams on both sides, and among the several mobile beams, the upper surfaces of the two outermost mobile beams are provided with center line uprights; several side beam supports and side beam fixtures are provided on the frame side beams, and the side bearing positioning seat is provided on two adjacent mobile beams, and the base of the side bearing positioning seat is parallel to the mobile beam; the first crossbeam assembly is provided on two adjacent mobile beams on one side of the side bearing positioning seat, and the second crossbeam assembly is provided on two adjacent mobile beams on the other side of the side bearing positioning seat; the first crossbeam assembly and the second crossbeam assembly are arranged perpendicular to the mobile beam;

[0009] The extension direction of the frame side beam is the left-right direction, and the extension direction of the end beam is the front-back direction; the left and right ends of the modular tooling are flexibly connected to a lifting positioner respectively, the modular tooling is arranged on the leveling screw, and the lifting positioner and the leveling screw are seated on the ground.

[0010] Furthermore, a first connection device is provided at one end of the lifting positioner close to the modular tooling, and a second connection device is provided at one end of the modular tooling close to the lifting positioner, and the lifting positioner and the modular tooling are flexibly connected through the first connection device and the second connection device;

[0011] The first connection device comprises two identical rectangular interfaces arranged on the rotary plate of the lifting positioner, the rectangular interfaces comprising an upper cover plate and a lower groove, an upper screw is arranged through the upper cover plate, and a lower screw is arranged through the lower plate of the lower groove;

[0012] The second connecting device includes two adjustment seats connected to the outer sides of the end beams, the adjustment seats are provided with two rows of holes with the same row spacing, a connecting seat is arranged on the outer surface of the adjustment seat, the connecting seat includes a connecting seat bottom plate, two rows of holes with the same row spacing are arranged on the connecting seat bottom plate, the row spacing of holes on the adjustment seat is the same as the row spacing of holes on the connecting seat bottom plate, the connecting seat can be vertically moved arbitrarily n row spacings on the adjustment seat, an insertion part is arranged on the outer surface of the connecting seat bottom plate, the insertion part includes a supporting part arranged on the connecting seat bottom plate for support and an insertion part arranged between the supporting parts for insertion, the position of the insertion part is opposite to the position of the rectangular interface.

[0013] Further, the insertion portion is inserted into the gap between the upper screw and the lower screw;

[0014] When the modular tooling is in the front flat position, the lower screw supports the insertion part, and there is a gap between the insertion part and the upper screw and the left and right walls of the groove respectively;

[0015] When the modular tooling is in a reverse flat position, the upper screw supports the insertion part, and there are gaps between the insertion part and the lower screw and the left and right walls of the groove respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, L-shaped plates are respectively provided at both ends of the moving beam, and the L-shaped plates are connected to the inner surfaces and upper T-shaped grooves of the front and rear frame side beams; a through-length T-shaped groove is provided on the upper surface of the moving beam;

[0017] The side beam support is an L-shaped structure, and the side beam support includes a first vertical plate and a first horizontal plate that are connected. The first vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam, and the first horizontal plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the lower surface of the frame side beam. The first horizontal plate is processed with two long holes penetrating its surface in the length direction, and a screw fixing piece is provided on the inner surface of the first vertical plate, and a first screw is longitudinally penetrated on the screw fixing piece; the first vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam through a first cushion block, and the two surfaces of the first cushion block that contact the first vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam are designed at a certain angle, and the angle and distance between the surface of the first vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam can be changed by replacing the first cushion block;

[0018] The lower end of the side beam clamp is an L-shaped structure, and the lower end of the side beam clamp includes a connected second vertical plate and a second horizontal plate, the second vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam, the second horizontal plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the upper surface of the frame side beam, and the second horizontal plate is processed with two long holes running through its surface in the length direction; the upper surface of the second horizontal plate is connected to the lower surfaces of the two third vertical plates, and the inner surfaces of the two third vertical plates are connected by a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is perpendicular to the third vertical plate, and a second screw is arranged at the upper end of the third vertical plate, and the second screw is arranged vertically, and the second screw can move along the length direction of the second horizontal plate, and a plurality of side top screws are sequentially penetrated in the middle part of the connecting plate along its height direction, and the direction of the side top screw is perpendicular to the surface of the third vertical plate, and the second vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam through a second pad, and the two surfaces of the second pad contacting the second vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam are designed at a certain angle, and the angle and distance between the surface of the second vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam can be changed by replacing the second pad.

[0019] Furthermore, the center line pole is provided with a plurality of inverted triangular holes from top to bottom, and the inverted triangular holes are used for inserting the powder line.

[0020] Furthermore, the side bearing positioning seat includes a base, a long hole is opened on the base, a hollow structure is respectively arranged on the upper surface of the front and rear ends of the base, a positioning pin is penetrated through the upper part of the hollow structure, and the lower end of the positioning pin is conical.

[0021] Furthermore, both ends of the small end assembly support beam are connected to the T-slots of the two frame side beams, the small end assembly support beam is provided with a T-slot, and two lead screws are provided on the T-slot of the small end assembly support beam.

[0022] The present invention also provides a universal assembly welding method for a large end portion of a locomotive underframe, which is implemented based on any one of the above universal assembly welding tools for a large end portion of a locomotive underframe, and comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1. Preparation:

[0024] S11. Calculate whether the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end of the target vehicle model is within the allowable range of the lifting positioner. If it is out of tolerance, adjust the upper and lower positions of the connecting seat and the adjusting seat to make the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end within the allowable range. Adjust the upper screw on the upper cover plate to move upward so that a gap is created between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insertion part. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the frame side beam of the modular tooling is in full contact with the leveling screw. At this time, a certain gap is left between the lower screw of the lower groove and the insertion part, and the lower screw no longer plays a supporting role. Adjust the leveling screw so that The upper plane of the rectangular frame is horizontal. The side bearing locating seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first cushion block, the second cushion block, and the traction rod seat locating beam are designed and manufactured according to the target vehicle model. The moving beam, the side beam support, the side beam fixture, the small end assembly support beam, the side bearing locating seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first cushion block, the second cushion block, and the traction rod seat locating beam are fixed on the rectangular frame according to the target vehicle model. All the side bearing seat support surfaces are adjusted to be on the same horizontal plane. All other support surfaces are adjusted to be on the horizontal plane and the height difference with the side bearing seat support surface meets the technical requirements.

[0025] S12. The side bearing assembly is welded together by two side bearing seats and a side bearing beam. The transverse reference of each side bearing seat is engraved on both sides of the side bearing seat to form engraved lines using a three-dimensional marking instrument, and the transverse reference line and the longitudinal reference line are engraved on the upper plane of the side bearing beam;

[0026] S13, using a three-dimensional marking instrument to mark the transverse center line of the traction rod seat 12 on the upper plane of the small end assembly 2 to form a projection line 14 of the transverse center line of the traction rod seat, and mark the longitudinal reference line 49 of the small end assembly;

[0027] S14. Design and manufacture a large end sample with a laser cutting machine, and the large end sample is engraved with a longitudinal reference;

[0028] S2. Assemble the components of the large end on the modular tooling according to the assembly process and apply positioning welding:

[0029] S21, hoist the side bearing beam on the support of the first crossbeam assembly and the second crossbeam assembly, and level it; hoist the left and right side bearing seats on the modular tooling and insert the two holes of each side bearing seat into the positioning pins of the side bearing positioning seat, and use the pressing plate to press the side bearing seat; use the center line vertical pole to pull out the longitudinal powder line, and adjust the longitudinal reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the longitudinal powder line; adjust the transverse reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the engraved lines of the left and right side bearing seats, fix and press the side bearing beam, and weld the tie rod between the two side bearing seats to reduce the transverse shrinkage caused by the welding of the side bearing seats;

[0030] S22, hoist the small end assembly of the large end onto the modular tooling support and level it; adjust the small end assembly so that the positioning surface on the small end assembly fits with the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam; adjust the small end assembly so that the longitudinal reference line coincides with the longitudinal powder line; check whether the distance between the projection line of the transverse center line of the traction rod seat and the line of the side bearing seat is out of tolerance, if it is out of tolerance, recalibrate the small end assembly level; fix and press the small end assembly;

[0031] S23, hoist the large end side beam 3 of the large end respectively on the side beam support, adjust the large end side beam so that its longitudinal left end contacts and is close to the small end assembly left end, preliminarily adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to tighten the large end side beam, lay the large end template on the upper plane of the large end and adjust the large end template so that its longitudinal reference coincides with the longitudinal powder line of the modular tooling, align the left end of the large end template with the left end surface of the large end, and fix the large end template; adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to make the outer curved part of the upper end of the large end side beam coincide with the large end template; move the second screw on the side beam fixture toward the inside of the modular tooling along the length direction of the second cross plate, and lock the second screw on the side beam fixture to press the large end side beam;

[0032] S24, apply tack welding to the connection between the small end assembly, the large end side beam, and the side bearing beam, install the remaining parts on the front of the large end and apply tack welding, turn the large end 180 degrees, lower the lifting positioner to a convenient operating height, adjust the lower screw on the lower groove at this time to move upward so that a gap is formed between the lower end of the lower screw and the upper plane of the insertion part at this time, and the lifting positioner continues to descend until the lower plane of the frame side beam of the modular tooling is fully in contact with the leveling screw. At this time, the back side of the large end is horizontal, and a certain gap is left between the upper screw of the upper cover plate and the insertion part, and the upper screw no longer plays a supporting role. Install the remaining parts on the back side of the large end. For the middle beam type large end, the side bearing seat needs to be installed at this time;

[0033] S3, the large end is subjected to 360-degree lifting and flipping welding, and the connecting weld between the side bearing beam and the large end side beam is welded first, and then other welds are welded. After the connecting weld between the side bearing beam and the large end side beam is cooled and shrunk, the front weld between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam is welded to reduce the lateral shrinkage of the side bearing seat, and the reverse weld between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam is postponed to be welded on the flip tire of the chassis;

[0034] S4. Adjust the screw on the interface of the lifting positioner to move upward so that there is a gap between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insertion part. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the frame side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, the front side of the tooling and the large end are level. Check and repair the large end. If the reverse side needs to be checked, adjust the reverse side of the tooling and the large end according to the above method;

[0035] S5. Loosen all clamps, remove the pressure plate, loosen the bolts on the positioning pin, and lift out the large end.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0037] The present invention can realize the horizontal adjustment of the front and back sides of the tooling, and realize the integration of large end assembly and flip welding;

[0038] The present invention can realize the assembly and welding of all large-end products on this tooling by replacing a small number of parts, which greatly saves costs and improves production efficiency. Welding in the clamping state of the fixture can also reduce welding deformation and improve product quality. This tooling form has a wide range of applications.

[0039] The present invention moves the assembly welding between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam to the assembly welding of the large end product (the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam are originally welded together in advance to form a side bearing assembly and then assembled on the large end assembly tooling), thereby improving the assembly accuracy, reducing welding shrinkage deformation, and reducing the resistance to lifting out of the large end.

[0040] The invention can greatly improve the manufacturing accuracy of the positions between the holes of porous welding products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a front view of the large end of the side beam type.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a front view of the large end of the center beam.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the reverse side of the large end of the center beam.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the reverse side of the large end of the side beam.

[0046] Figure 5 This is the general assembly drawing of the welding tooling of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 6 This is the interface diagram of the lifting and positioner of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the modular tooling interface of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 8This is an assembly diagram of the interface of the present invention.

[0050] Fig. 9 This is the general diagram of the modular tooling of the present invention.

[0051] Fig.10 This is a framework diagram of the present invention.

[0052] Fig.11 It is the center line pole diagram of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.12 This is a detailed view of the side beam support and fixture of the present invention.

[0054] Fig.13 It is a diagram of the side bearing positioning seat of the present invention.

[0055] Fig.14 This is a detailed view of the locating pin connection of the present invention.

[0056] Fig.15 This is a diagram of the side support seat.

[0057] Fig.16 This is a diagram of a side-supported beam.

[0058] Fig.17 Assembly drawing for the small end.

[0059] Fig.18 Large end sample.

[0060] In the figure: 1. Upper plane of the large end; 2. Assembly of the small end; 3. Side beam of the large end; 4. Longitudinal center line of the large end; 5. Assembly of the side bearing; 6. Reference plane of the side bearing seat; 7. Transverse center line of the side bearing seat; 8. Middle beam; 9. Cross beam; 10. Side bearing seat; 11. Transverse center line of the traction rod seat; 12. Traction rod seat; 13. Positioning surface; 14. Projection mark of the transverse center line of the traction rod seat; 15. Lifting positioner; 16. Modular tooling; 17. Leveling screw; 18. Large end of the side beam type; 19. Upper screw; 20. Lower screw; 21. Rectangular interface; 22. Connecting seat; 23. Adjusting seat; 24. Upper cover plate; 25. Lower groove; 26. Insertion part; 27. Rectangular frame; 28. Center line pole; 29. ​​Moving beam; 30. Side beam support; 31. First crossbeam assembly; 32. Second crossbeam assembly; 33. Side bearing positioning seat; 34. Side beam clamp; 35. Small end assembly support beam; 36. Traction rod seat positioning beam; 37. Frame end beam; 38. Frame side beam; 39. First cushion block; 40. Second cushion block; 41. Side bearing seat support surface; 42. Locating pin; 43. Base; 44. Press plate; 45. Side bearing seat transverse datum; 46. Marking line; 47. Side bearing beam transverse datum; 48. Side bearing beam longitudinal datum; 49. Small end assembly longitudinal datum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0062] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0064] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps described in these embodiments, the numerical expressions and numerical values ​​do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0065] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0066] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below their position devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0067] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention provides a universal assembly welding tool for the large end of a locomotive chassis, which is mainly composed of two left and right lifting positioners 15, a modular tool 16, and four leveling screws 17; the left and right lifting positioners and the four leveling screws are all seated on the ground, the modular tool and the lifting positioner are flexibly connected, the modular tool can be seated on the four leveling screws, and the four leveling screws can level the modular tool;

[0069] like Figure 6 The interface diagram of the lifting positioner is shown in FIG. 2. Each lifting positioner rotary disk is designed with two rectangular interfaces 21 on the left and right. Each interface is composed of an upper cover plate 24 and a lower groove 25. The upper cover plate and the lower groove can be assembled into one piece by screws, or can be separated from the lower groove. The upper cover plate and the lower groove are each installed with a screw. Figure 7It is a diagram of the modular tooling interface. Two adjustment seats 23 are welded at both ends of the modular tooling in the longitudinal direction. The adjustment seats are provided with two columns of 16 rows of holes with the same row spacing. A connecting seat 22 is installed on each adjustment seat by bolts. The connecting seat is provided with two columns of 8 rows of holes with the same row spacing. Each connecting seat can be adjusted up and down for several row spacings as needed. Each connecting seat is in an inverted T shape, and the insertion portion is an insertion portion 26. The two insertion portions 26 can be respectively seated in the two grooves of each lifting positioner. The upper and lower screws of the rectangular interface of the positioner and the left and right walls of the rectangular interface can play a role of limiting support when the modular tooling is in different flipping positions; Figure 8 The figure shows the interface assembly diagram. When the modular tooling is in the front flat position, the lower screw plays a supporting role. The insertion part 26 of the connecting seat has a gap with the upper screw 19 and the left and right walls of the rectangular interface respectively. The gap is used to prevent the damage of the positioner caused by the asynchronous lifting and rotation of the two positioners. When the modular tooling is in the front flat position, the upper screw can be adjusted upward to leave enough space with the insertion part 26 of the connecting seat. At this time, the leveling screw can be used to level the modular tooling from the front. In batch production, the modular tooling must be leveled after lifting, turning over, and the leveling screw is generally no longer adjusted to ensure efficiency. It is difficult to ensure the repeatability of the two lifting positioners. This also causes the modular tooling to be unable to easily contact the four leveling screws again after it is lowered. The upper screws can be adjusted upward to leave a large amount of gap, and the four rectangular interfaces can produce a certain amount of sequential lowering misalignment with the four insertion parts 26 until the modular tooling contacts all the four leveling screws and becomes level again. At this time, the lower screws no longer support the connecting seat insertion part 26, and the weight of the modular tooling is all borne by the four leveling screws. Similarly, when the modular tooling is in the reverse flat position, the lower screws can also be adjusted upward to leave enough space with the connecting seat insertion part 26, so that the level of the large end can be guaranteed regardless of whether the front side of the tooling falls on the leveling screw or the reverse side falls on the leveling screw. Figure 5 That is, the front side of the modular tooling is placed in the state, and after the modular tooling is rotated 180 degrees by the turntable, the modular tooling will be on the back side.

[0070] like Fig. 9 The figure shows the general diagram of the modular tooling, which is mainly composed of a frame 27, five moving beams 29, ten side beam fixtures 34, ten side beam supports 30, two centerline uprights 28, side bearing positioning seats 33, a first crossbeam assembly 31, and a second crossbeam assembly 32; wherein the two ends of the frame are flexibly connected to two lifting positioners, respectively, and can be lifted and turned with the positioners. Fig.10As shown, it is rectangular, with the long sides being the left and right frame side beams 38, the frame side beams being about 10 meters long and having a rectangular cross section, and the frame side beams having two through-length T-shaped slots on three sides; the short sides being the two frame end beams 37, and two adjustment seats being welded on the two end beams, respectively, and each adjustment seat having two columns and 16 rows of holes with the same row spacing, and a connecting seat being installed on each adjustment seat by bolts, and having two columns and 8 rows of holes with the same row spacing, and each connecting seat can be adjusted up and down by several row spacings as required, and the center of gravity of the flip can be adjusted by this adjustment; L-shaped plates are welded on both ends of the moving beams, which are respectively connected to the T-shaped slots on two sides of the frame side beams, and the five moving beams can be adjusted longitudinally in any position according to the needs of the vehicle model, and each moving beam has two through-length T-shaped slots; a center line upright is installed on each of the two longitudinal moving beams, such as Fig.11 As shown, each centerline pole has a number of inverted triangular holes from top to bottom, each triangular hole can be inserted with a powder line, and the centerline powder line can be pulled out using the two inverted triangular holes of the two centerline poles according to the height requirements of the vehicle model;

[0071] like Fig.12 The figure shows the detailed drawing of the side beam support and the clamp. The side beam support is L-shaped, and the bottom surface of the L-shape is processed with two long holes, and the vertical surface is processed with four holes, which are connected to the T-slots on both sides of the frame side beam by bolts respectively. The side beam support can be fixed after moving along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the frame side beam to ensure the support of the side beam of any width vehicle model. The support is provided with a first screw, which can be moved up and down to support the side beam and adjust the height; the first cushion block 39 is connected to the frame side beam on one side and to the vertical surface of the side beam support on the other side. The two surfaces of the first cushion block can be designed at a certain angle to ensure the installation of the support after the lateral movement and to form a certain angle with the frame side beam; the lower end of the side beam clamp is L-shaped, and the bottom surface of the L-shape is processed with two long holes, and the vertical surface is processed with two holes, which are connected to the T-slots on both sides of the frame side beam by bolts respectively. The side beam clamp can be fixed after moving along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the frame side beam. The uppermost end of the clamp is provided with a second screw which can be pressed vertically, and the second screw can move along the length direction of the side beam clamp. The dual movement of the side beam clamp and the second screw which presses vertically can ensure the vertical compression of the side beams of vehicles of any width. The middle part of the side beam clamp is designed with four side top screws along its height direction, and the side top screws can move along the length direction of the clamp. Two of the four side top screws can be used to tighten the side beams of vehicles of different heights from the outside; the second pad 40 is connected to the side beam on one side and to the L-shaped vertical surface at the lower end of the side beam clamp on the other side. The two sides of the second pad can be designed at a certain angle, so that the side beam clamp also forms a certain angle with the side beam after installation to meet the side tightening requirements of curved side beam products; by using side beam supports and side beam clamps, and in combination with specific templates of different vehicle models, the external dimensions of the left and right large end side beams after assembly can be guaranteed.

[0072] like Fig.13The side bearing positioning seat is shown in FIG. 4, which is mainly composed of a base 43 and four positioning pins 42. The side of the positioning pin is provided with a side bearing seat support surface 41. The base is provided with a long hole, which can be connected to the two moving beams. Two positioning pins are installed above each end of the base, which can be used to position and support the two side bearing seats of the side bearing assembly. Fig.14 As shown, the locating pin is connected to the base through a locating pin bolt. The lower end of the locating pin is tapered and cooperates with the tapered hole on the base to ensure positioning accuracy. At the same time, when the large end needs to be lifted out, the locating pin bolt can be loosened a certain distance in advance to allow the locating pin to move slightly upward with the large end. At this time, a certain gap can be left between the conical column and the tapered hole to unload the welding shrinkage stress, and the large end can be lifted out smoothly; threaded holes are machined on the locating pin bolt, and the pressure plate 44 can tighten the side bearing seat through bolts; when the hole distances of the side bearing seats of different large ends are different, it is only necessary to redesign and replace the side bearing locating seat.

[0073] The first crossbeam assembly and the second crossbeam assembly are respectively overlapped on two moving beams, and supports and clamps are installed on them. They can be designed according to different vehicle models. When changing vehicle models, only two crossbeams need to be replaced. The two ends of the small end assembly support beam 35 are connected to the two T-shaped grooves under the left and right frame side beams, and can be fixed after longitudinal movement according to the vehicle model. The small end assembly support beam is processed with two T-shaped grooves, and two screws are installed on it, which can support the small end assembly and can be moved and fixed laterally according to the vehicle model; the two ends of the traction rod seat positioning beam 36 are connected to the two T-shaped grooves under the left and right frame side beams, and can be fixed after longitudinal movement according to the vehicle model. Two positioning blocks are installed on it, which can position the traction rod seat. The small end assembly is at the two ends of the locomotive chassis, and is mainly composed of a traction beam, a traction rod seat, a traction crossbeam, an impact seat, etc. The traction beam contains a hook box, and the hook box is used to install a traction buffer device and a hook. The lower end of the traction beam is welded with a traction rod seat, the rear end of the traction beam is welded with a traction crossbeam, and the front end of the traction beam is welded with an impact seat.

[0074] In addition to changing the position of the workpiece on the fixture, it is only necessary to replace the side bearing positioning seat, the first beam assembly, the second beam assembly, the first cushion block, the second cushion block, and the traction rod seat positioning beam to complete the universal assembly and flip welding of the side beam type large end 18.

[0075] The present invention also provides a universal assembly welding method for a large end portion of a locomotive underframe, comprising the following steps:

[0076] S1. Preparation:

[0077] S11. Calculate whether the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end of the target vehicle model is within the allowable range of the lifting positioner. If it is out of tolerance, adjust the upper and lower positions of the connecting seat and the adjusting seat to make the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end within the allowable range. Adjust the upper screw of the upper cover plate of the lifting positioner interface to move upward so that the lower end of the screw is at a certain distance from the upper plane of the connecting seat insertion part. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the modular tooling side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, the lower screw of the lower groove leaves a certain gap with the insertion part, and the lower screw no longer plays a supporting role. Adjust the leveling screw to make the upper plane of the rectangular frame horizontal. Design and manufacture the side bearing positioning seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first cushion block, the second cushion block, etc. according to the vehicle model. Fix all tooling components on the rectangular frame as needed according to the vehicle model. Adjust all side bearing seat support surfaces to be on the same horizontal plane. Adjust all support surfaces to be horizontal and the height difference with the side bearing seat support surface.

[0078] S12, the side bearing assembly is welded together by two side bearing seats and a side bearing beam, and the side bearing transverse reference 45 and the marking line 46 of each side bearing seat are engraved on the side bearing seat using a three-dimensional marking instrument. Fig.15 As shown on both sides, Fig.16 , a transverse datum line 47 and a longitudinal datum line 48 of the side bearing beam are engraved on the upper plane of the side bearing beam; the side bearing beam is enlarged by about 2 mm on both sides to compensate for the dimensional deviation caused by welding shrinkage;

[0079] S13, such as Fig.17 As shown, use a three-dimensional marking instrument to engrave the traction rod seat horizontally on the upper plane of the small end assembly, and mark the longitudinal reference line; the left and right ends are enlarged by about 2mm to compensate for the dimensional deviation caused by welding shrinkage;

[0080] S14, such as Fig.18 , design and manufacture the large end template with a laser cutting machine, and the template is engraved with a longitudinal reference;

[0081] S2. Assemble the components on the modular tooling according to the assembly process and apply positioning welding:

[0082] S21. Hoist the side bearing beam on the modular tooling support and level it; hoist the left and right side bearing seats on the modular tooling and insert the two holes of each side bearing seat into the positioning pin (the diameter of the positioning pin is slightly smaller than the hole by about 0.1-0.2mm), and use the pressing plate to press the side bearing seat; use the center line vertical pole to pull out the longitudinal powder line, and adjust the longitudinal reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the longitudinal powder line; adjust the transverse reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the engraved lines of the left and right side bearing seats, fix and press the side bearing beam, and weld the tie rod between the two side bearing seats to reduce the transverse shrinkage caused by the welding of the side bearing seats;

[0083] S22, hoist the small end assembly on the modular tooling support and level it; adjust the end so that the positioning surface on the small end assembly fits with the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam; adjust the small end assembly so that the longitudinal reference line coincides with the longitudinal powder line; check whether the distance between the projection line of the transverse center line of the traction rod seat and the line of the side bearing seat is out of tolerance, if it is out of tolerance, re-calibrate the small end assembly level, if appropriate, make a small distance between the positioning surface on the small end assembly and the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam; fix and press the small end assembly;

[0084] S23. Lift the left and right side beams of the large end portion respectively on the side beam support, adjust the left and right side beams of the large end portion so that their longitudinal left ends are in contact with and close to the left ends of the small end assembly, preliminarily adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to tighten the left and right side beams of the large end portion, lay the large end template on the upper plane of the large end portion, and adjust the large end template so that its longitudinal reference coincides with the longitudinal powder line of the tooling, align the left end of the large end template with the left end surface of the small end assembly, and fix the large end template; adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to make the outer curved part of the upper end of the side beam coincide with the large end template; select 2 to 3 points in the longitudinal direction to pull the width direction dimension of the curved part of the lower end of the side beam to meet the tolerance requirements; pull the width direction dimension of other straight edge parts of the side beam to meet the tolerance requirements; move the second screw on the side beam fixture toward the inside of the modular tooling along the length direction of the second cross plate, and lock the vertical downward pressing screw on the side beam fixture to press the large end side beam;

[0085] S24, apply tack welding to the connection between the small end assembly, the large end side beam, and the side bearing beam, install the remaining parts on the front of the large end and apply tack welding, turn the large end 180 degrees, lower the lifting positioner to a convenient operating height, adjust the lower screw on the lower groove at this time to move upward so that a gap is formed between the lower end of the lower screw and the upper plane of the insertion part at this time, and the lifting positioner continues to descend until the lower plane of the frame side beam of the modular tooling is fully in contact with the leveling screw. At this time, the back side of the large end is horizontal, and a certain gap is left between the upper screw of the upper cover plate and the insertion part, and the upper screw no longer plays a supporting role. Install the remaining parts on the back side of the large end. For the middle beam type large end, the side bearing seat needs to be installed at this time;

[0086] S3, perform 360-degree lifting and flipping welding on the large end, first weld the connecting welds between the side bearing beam and the left and right side beams, then weld the other welds, wait for the connecting welds between the side bearing beam and the left and right side beams to cool and shrink, then weld the front welds between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam to minimize the lateral shrinkage of the side bearing seat, and postpone the welding of the reverse welds between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam until the frame is flipped over;

[0087] S4. After all the large end workpieces are welded, adjust the screw on the lifting positioner interface to move upward so that a gap is created between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insertion part. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the frame side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, the front side of the tooling and the large end are level. Check and repair the large end. If the reverse side needs to be checked, adjust the reverse side of the tooling and the large end according to the above method.

[0088] S5. Loosen all clamps, remove the pressure plate, loosen the positioning pin bolts, and lift out the large end.

[0089] Example

[0090] A universal assembly welding method for a large end portion of a locomotive underframe comprises the following steps:

[0091] S1. Preparation:

[0092] S11. Calculate whether the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end of the target vehicle model is within the allowable range of the lifting positioner. If it is out of tolerance, adjust the upper and lower positions of the connecting seat and the adjusting seat to make the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end within the allowable range. Adjust the screws of the upper cover plate of the lifting positioner interface to move upward so that the lower end of the screw is 50 mm away from the upper plane of the connecting seat insertion part. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the tooling side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, there is a certain gap between the lower screw of the lower groove and the insertion part, and the lower screw no longer plays a supporting role. Adjust the leveling screw to make the upper plane of the frame horizontal. Design and manufacture the side bearing positioning seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first cushion block, the second cushion block, etc. according to the 200 km vehicle model. Fix all tooling components on the frame as needed according to the 200 km vehicle model. Adjust all side bearing seat support surfaces to be on the same horizontal plane. Adjust all other support surfaces to be on the horizontal plane and the height difference with the side bearing seat support surface meets the technical requirements.

[0093] S12, the side bearing assembly is welded together by two side bearing seats and a side bearing beam. The lateral reference of each side bearing seat is engraved on the Fig.15 As shown on both sides, Fig.16 , engrave the horizontal and vertical reference lines on the upper plane of the side bearing beam; the side bearing beam is enlarged by about 2mm on both sides to compensate for the dimensional deviation caused by welding shrinkage;

[0094] S13. Use a three-dimensional marking instrument to carve the center of the traction rod seat into the upper plane of the end and mark the longitudinal reference line; the small end is assembled with a 2mm gap on each side to compensate for the dimensional deviation caused by welding shrinkage;

[0095] S14, such as Fig.18 , design and manufacture the large end template with a laser cutting machine, and the template is engraved with a longitudinal reference;

[0096] S2. Assemble the components on the modular tooling according to the assembly process and apply positioning welding:

[0097] S21. Hoist the side bearing beam on the modular tooling support and level it; hoist the left and right side bearing seats on the modular tooling and insert the two holes of each side bearing seat into the positioning pin (the diameter of the positioning pin is 0.1-0.2mm smaller than the hole, and the distance between the two side bearing seats is 2mm), and use the pressing plate to press the side bearing seats; use the center line vertical pole to pull out the longitudinal powder line, and adjust the longitudinal reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the longitudinal powder line; adjust the transverse reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the engraved lines of the left and right side bearing seats, fix and press the side bearing beam, and weld the tie rod between the two side bearing seats to reduce the transverse shrinkage caused by the welding of the side bearing seats;

[0098] S22. Hoist the small end assembly on the modular tooling support and level it; adjust the small end assembly so that the positioning surface on the small end assembly fits with the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam; adjust the small end assembly so that the longitudinal reference line coincides with the longitudinal powder line; check whether the distance between the transverse center line of the traction rod seat and the engraved line of the side bearing seat is out of tolerance. If it is out of tolerance, recalibrate the end level. Under appropriate circumstances, the positioning surface of the small end assembly can be within 2mm of the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam; fix and tighten the small end assembly;

[0099] S23. Lift the left and right side beams of the large end portion respectively on the side beam support, adjust the left and right side beams of the large end portion so that their longitudinal left ends are in contact with and close to the left ends of the small end assembly, preliminarily adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to tighten the left and right side beams of the large end portion, lay the large end template on the upper plane of the large end portion, and adjust the large end template so that its longitudinal reference coincides with the longitudinal powder line of the tooling, align the left end of the large end template with the left end surface of the small end assembly, and fix the large end template; adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to make the outer curved part of the upper end of the side beam coincide with the large end template; select 2 to 3 points in the longitudinal direction to pull the width direction dimension of the curved part of the lower end of the side beam to meet the tolerance requirements; pull the width direction dimension of other straight edge parts of the side beam to meet the tolerance requirements; move the second screw on the side beam fixture toward the inside of the modular tooling along the length direction of the second cross plate, and lock the vertical downward pressing screw on the side beam fixture to press the large end side beam;

[0100] S24, apply tack welding to the connection between the small end assembly, the large end side beam, and the side bearing beam, install the remaining parts on the front of the large end and apply tack welding, turn the large end 180 degrees, lower the lifting positioner to a convenient operating height, adjust the lower screw on the lower groove at this time to move upward so that a gap is formed between the lower end of the lower screw and the upper plane of the insertion part at this time, and the lifting positioner continues to descend until the lower plane of the frame side beam of the modular tooling is fully in contact with the leveling screw. At this time, the back side of the large end is horizontal, and a certain gap is left between the upper screw of the upper cover plate and the insertion part, and the upper screw no longer plays a supporting role. Install the remaining parts on the back side of the large end. For the middle beam type large end, the side bearing seat needs to be installed at this time;

[0101] S3, perform 360-degree lifting and flipping welding on the large end, first weld the connecting welds between the side bearing beam and the left and right side beams, then weld the other welds, wait for the connecting welds between the side bearing beam and the left and right side beams to cool and shrink, then weld the front welds between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam to minimize the lateral shrinkage of the side bearing seat, and postpone the welding of the reverse welds between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam until the frame is flipped over;

[0102] S4. After all the large end workpieces are welded, adjust the screws of the upper cover plate of the lifting positioner interface to move upward so that the lower end of the screw is 50mm away from the upper plane of the connecting seat insertion part. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the tooling side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, the tooling and the large end are horizontal on the front side. Check and repair the large end. If the reverse side needs to be checked, adjust the reverse side of the tooling and the large end according to the above method;

[0103] S5. Loosen all clamps, remove the pressure plate, loosen the positioning pin bolts, and lift out the large end.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe, characterized in that: It comprises a lifting positioner (15), a modular tooling (16) and a leveling screw (17); The modular tooling (16) comprises a rectangular frame (27), a small end assembly support beam (35), a movable beam (29), a side beam fixture (34), a side beam support (30), a center line vertical pole (28), a side bearing positioning seat (33), a first cross beam assembly (31), and a second cross beam assembly (32); the two long beams of the rectangular frame (27) are frame side beams (38), and the two short beams of the rectangular frame (27) are frame end beams (37); the upper surface, the lower surface, and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) are respectively provided with T-shaped grooves, and there are a plurality of movable beams (29), and the two ends of a movable beam (29) are respectively connected to the frame side beams (38) on both sides; among the plurality of movable beams (29), the most A center line vertical rod (28) is arranged on the upper surface of the two outer movable beams (29); a plurality of side beam supports (30) and side beam clamps (34) are arranged on the frame side beam (38); the side bearing positioning seat (33) is arranged on two adjacent movable beams (29); the base (43) of the side bearing positioning seat (33) is parallel to the movable beam (29); the first cross beam assembly (31) is arranged on two adjacent movable beams (29) on one side of the side bearing positioning seat (33); the second cross beam assembly (32) is arranged on two adjacent movable beams (29) on the other side of the side bearing positioning seat (33); the first cross beam assembly (31) and the second cross beam assembly (32) are arranged vertically to the movable beam (29); The extension direction of the frame side beam (38) is the left-right direction, and the extension direction of the frame end beam (37) is the front-back direction; the left and right ends of the modular tooling (16) are flexibly connected to a lifting positioner (15), respectively; the modular tooling (16) is arranged on a leveling screw (17), and the lifting positioner (15) and the leveling screw (17) are seated on the ground.

2. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A first connection device is provided at one end of the lifting positioner (15) close to the modular tooling (16), and a second connection device is provided at one end of the modular tooling (16) close to the lifting positioner (15). The lifting positioner (15) and the modular tooling (16) are flexibly connected via the first connection device and the second connection device. The first connection device comprises two identical rectangular interfaces (21) arranged on the rotary disk of the lifting positioner (15), the rectangular interface (21) comprising an upper cover plate (24) and a lower groove (25), an upper screw (19) is provided through the upper cover plate (24), and a lower screw (20) is provided through the lower plate of the lower groove (25); The second connecting device comprises two adjustment seats (23) connected to the outside of the frame end beam (37), the adjustment seats (23) are provided with two rows of holes with the same row spacing, a connecting seat (22) is arranged on the outer surface of the adjustment seat (23), the connecting seat (22) comprises a connecting seat (22) bottom plate, two rows of holes with the same row spacing are arranged on the connecting seat (22) bottom plate, the hole row spacing on the adjustment seat (23) is the same as the hole row spacing on the connecting seat (22) bottom plate, the connecting seat (22) can be vertically moved on the adjustment seat (23) at any n row spacing distances, an insertion portion is arranged on the outer surface of the connecting seat (22) bottom plate, the insertion portion comprises a support portion arranged on the connecting seat (22) bottom plate for supporting and an insertion portion (26) arranged between the support portions for inserting, the position of the insertion portion (26) is opposite to the position of the rectangular interface (21).

3. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The inserting portion (26) is inserted into the gap between the upper screw (19) and the lower screw (20); When the modular tooling (16) is in a front-facing flat position, the lower screw (20) supports the insertion portion (26), and the insertion portion (26) has gaps with the upper screw (19) and the left and right walls of the groove respectively; When the modular tooling (16) is in a reverse flat position, the upper screw (19) supports the insertion portion (26), and the insertion portion (26) has gaps with the lower screw (20) and the left and right walls of the groove.

4. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1 is characterized in that: L-shaped plates are respectively provided at both ends of the moving beam (29), and the L-shaped plates are connected to the inner surfaces and upper T-shaped grooves of the front and rear frame side beams (38); a full-length T-shaped groove is provided on the upper surface of the moving beam (29); The side beam support (30) is an L-shaped structure, and the side beam support (30) includes a first vertical plate and a first horizontal plate connected to each other, the first vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam (38), the first horizontal plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the lower surface of the frame side beam (38), the first horizontal plate is processed with two long holes penetrating its surface in the length direction, a screw fixing piece is arranged on the inner surface of the first vertical plate, and a first screw is longitudinally penetrated on the screw fixing piece; the first vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) through a first cushion block (39), and the two surfaces of the first cushion block contacting the first vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) are designed to be at a certain angle, and the angle and distance between the surface of the first vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) can be changed by replacing the first cushion block (39); The lower end of the side beam fixture (34) is an L-shaped structure, and the lower end of the side beam fixture (34) includes a second vertical plate and a second horizontal plate connected to each other, the second vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam (38), the second horizontal plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the upper surface of the frame side beam (38), and the second horizontal plate is processed with two long holes penetrating its surface in the length direction; the upper surface of the second horizontal plate is connected to the lower surfaces of the two third vertical plates, the inner surfaces of the two third vertical plates are connected by a connecting plate, the connecting plate is perpendicular to the third vertical plates, and the upper end of the third vertical plate is provided with a second The second lead screw is vertically arranged and can move along the length direction of the second horizontal plate. A plurality of side lead screws are sequentially arranged through the middle of the connecting plate along its height direction. The direction of the side lead screw is perpendicular to the surface of the third vertical plate. The second vertical plate is connected to the inner surface T-groove of the frame side beam (38) through a second pad (40). The two surfaces of the second pad in contact with the second vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) are designed to be at a certain angle. By replacing the second pad (40), the angle and distance between the surface of the second vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) can be changed.

5. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The center line upright pole (28) is provided with a plurality of inverted triangular holes from top to bottom, and the inverted triangular holes are used for inserting powder wires.

6. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side bearing positioning seat (33) comprises a base (43) having a long hole thereon, a hollow structure is respectively arranged on the upper surfaces of the front and rear ends of the base (43), a positioning pin (42) is arranged through the upper part of the hollow structure, and the lower end of the positioning pin (42) is conical.

7. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The two ends of the small end assembly support beam (35) are respectively connected to the T-shaped slots of the two frame side beams (38); the small end assembly support beam (35) is provided with a T-shaped slot, and the T-shaped slot of the small end assembly support beam (35) is provided with two lead screws.

8. A universal welding method for a large end of a locomotive underframe, implemented based on the universal welding tool for a large end of a locomotive underframe according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Preparation: S11. Calculate whether the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end of the target vehicle model is within the allowable range of the lifting positioner. If it is out of tolerance, adjust the upper and lower positions of the connecting seat and the adjusting seat to make the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end within the allowable range. Adjust the upper screw on the upper cover plate to move upward so that a gap is created between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insertion part. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the frame side beam of the modular tooling is fully in contact with the leveling screw. At this time, a certain gap is left between the lower screw of the lower groove and the insertion part, and the lower screw no longer plays a supporting role. Adjust the leveling screw to make the rectangular frame The upper plane is horizontal, and the side bearing locating seat, the first cross beam assembly, the second cross beam assembly, the first cushion block, the second cushion block, and the traction rod seat locating beam are designed and manufactured according to the target vehicle model. According to the target vehicle model, the moving beam, the side beam support, the side beam fixture, the small end assembly support beam, the side bearing locating seat, the first cross beam assembly, the second cross beam assembly, the first cushion block, the second cushion block, and the traction rod seat locating beam are fixed on the rectangular frame, and all the side bearing seat support surfaces (41) are adjusted to be on the same horizontal plane, and all other support surfaces are adjusted to be on the horizontal plane and the height difference with the side bearing seat support surface (41) meets the technical requirements; S12, the side bearing assembly is welded together by two side bearing seats and a side bearing beam, and a lateral reference of each side bearing seat is engraved on both sides of the side bearing seat to form a marking line (46) by using a three-dimensional marking instrument, and a lateral reference line and a longitudinal reference line are engraved in the upper plane of the side bearing beam; S13, using a three-dimensional marking instrument to carve the transverse center line of the traction rod seat into the upper plane of the small end assembly to form a projection line (14) of the transverse center line of the traction rod seat, and to mark the longitudinal reference line; S14. Design and manufacture a large end sample with a laser cutting machine, and the large end sample is engraved with a longitudinal reference; S2. Assemble the components of the large end on the modular tooling according to the assembly process and apply positioning welding: S21, hoist the side bearing beam on the support of the first crossbeam assembly and the second crossbeam assembly, and level it; hoist the left and right side bearing seats on the modular tooling and insert the two holes of each side bearing seat into the positioning pins of the side bearing positioning seat, and use the pressing plate to press the side bearing seat; use the center line vertical pole to pull out the longitudinal powder line, and adjust the longitudinal reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the longitudinal powder line; adjust the transverse reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the engraved lines of the left and right side bearing seats, fix and press the side bearing beam, and weld the tie rod between the two side bearing seats to reduce the transverse shrinkage caused by the welding of the side bearing seats; S22, hoist the small end assembly of the large end onto the modular tooling support and level it; adjust the small end assembly so that the positioning surface on the small end assembly fits with the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam; adjust the small end assembly so that the longitudinal reference line coincides with the longitudinal powder line; check whether the distance between the projection line of the transverse center line of the traction rod seat and the line of the side bearing seat is out of tolerance, if it is out of tolerance, recalibrate the small end assembly level; fix and press the small end assembly; S23, hoist the large end side beams of the large end respectively on the side beam supports, adjust the large end side beam so that its longitudinal left end contacts and is close to the left end of the small end assembly, preliminarily adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to tighten the large end side beam, lay the large end template on the upper plane of the large end and adjust the large end template so that its longitudinal reference coincides with the longitudinal powder line of the modular tooling, align the left end of the large end template with the left end surface of the small end assembly, and fix the large end template; adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to make the outer curved part of the upper end of the large end side beam coincide with the large end template; move the second screw on the side beam fixture toward the inside of the modular tooling along the length direction of the second cross plate, and lock the second screw to press the large end side beam; S24, apply tack welding to the connection between the small end assembly, the large end side beam, and the side bearing beam, install the remaining parts on the front of the large end and apply tack welding, turn the large end 180 degrees, lower the lifting positioner to a convenient operating height, adjust the lower screw on the lower groove at this time to move upward so that a gap is formed between the lower end of the lower screw and the upper plane of the insertion part at this time, and the lifting positioner continues to descend until the lower plane of the frame side beam of the modular tooling is fully in contact with the leveling screw. At this time, the back side of the large end is horizontal, and a certain gap is left between the upper screw of the upper cover plate and the insertion part, and the upper screw no longer plays a supporting role. Install the remaining parts on the back side of the large end. For the middle beam type large end, the side bearing seat needs to be installed at this time; S3, the large end is subjected to 360-degree lifting and flipping welding, and the connecting weld between the side bearing beam and the large end side beam is welded first, and then other welds are welded. After the connecting weld between the side bearing beam and the large end side beam is cooled and shrunk, the front weld between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam is welded to reduce the lateral shrinkage of the side bearing seat, and the reverse weld between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam is postponed to be welded on the flip tire of the chassis; S4. Adjust the screw on the interface of the lifting positioner to move upward so that there is a gap between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insertion part. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the frame side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, the front side of the tooling and the large end are level. Check and repair the large end. If the reverse side needs to be checked, adjust the reverse side of the tooling and the large end according to the above method; S5. Loosen all clamps, remove the pressure plate, loosen the bolts on the positioning pin, and lift out the large end.

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