A processing tool and processing technology for special-shaped emergency door parts on flight equipment

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of processing parts of flight equipment, and discloses a processing tool and processing technology of a special-shaped emergency door component on a flight equipment. The special-shaped emergency door component includes a high-precision hole, and the processing tool includes: a fixing portion and a positioning sleeve extending from the fixing portion to the special-shaped emergency door component, an elastic chuck is provided at the end of the positioning sleeve, and a positioning hole is provided on the elastic chuck, and the positioning hole is used to roughly position the step shaft of the special-shaped emergency door component; a locking adjustment mechanism is provided on the elastic chuck for adjusting the aperture of the positioning hole; a reference positioning structure corresponding to the high-precision hole of the special-shaped emergency door component is provided on the positioning sleeve, and the reference positioning structure is set based on the size parameter matching of the high-precision hole, and the reference positioning structure is used to precisely position the step shaft. The preliminary formed workpiece is accurately positioned by the processing tool, ensuring that the high-precision size requirements and position requirements of the special-shaped component are completed in one clamping and two adjustments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of processing parts of flight equipment, and in particular to a processing tool and a processing technology for a special-shaped emergency door part on flight equipment. Background Art

[0002] In the field of modern machinery manufacturing, hole machining is an extremely common and critical process operation, which is widely used in many industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, precision machinery, electronic equipment, etc. With the continuous development of industrial technology, the requirements for the machining accuracy of holes on parts are becoming increasingly stringent, and the importance of high-precision hole machining technology is becoming more and more prominent.

[0003] The field of flight equipment is different from the field of conventional equipment. The field of flight equipment has higher requirements for component reliability and processing accuracy. For example, the processing accuracy in ordinary fields is often at the mm level, while the processing accuracy of components in flight equipment is often at the 0.1mm or even 0.01mm level. Therefore, conventional processing methods cannot meet the specific accuracy requirements, causing great trouble to technical personnel.

[0004] On the other hand, the components of flight equipment not only have high processing accuracy requirements in specific parts, but also there are correlations between the high-precision requirements of various parts, rather than independent high-precision requirements for a single part. This further increases the processing difficulty of related components, especially in the processing of special-shaped components. The associated high-precision processing requirements pose a great challenge to existing processing technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a processing tool and processing technology for the special-shaped parts of emergency doors on flight equipment. By designing a special processing tool and using the tool to determine a unified positioning reference using high-precision holes during the processing of the special-shaped parts of the emergency doors, various processing parts are related during the processing to ensure that the processing dimensions meet the design requirements.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A processing tool for a special-shaped emergency door component on a flight device, the special-shaped emergency door component comprising a high-precision hole, the symmetry accuracy deviation of the high-precision hole being less than 0.05 mm and the width accuracy deviation being less than 0.02 mm, the processing tool comprising: a fixing portion for mounting on a processing device and a positioning sleeve extending from the fixing portion to the special-shaped emergency door component, an elastic chuck being provided at the end of the positioning sleeve, a positioning hole being provided on the elastic chuck, the positioning hole being used for roughly positioning a step shaft of the special-shaped emergency door component, the axis of the step shaft coinciding with the axis of the positioning hole; a locking adjustment mechanism being provided on the elastic chuck for adjusting the aperture of the positioning hole; a reference positioning structure corresponding to the high-precision hole of the special-shaped emergency door component being provided on the positioning sleeve, the reference positioning structure being set based on the size parameter matching of the high-precision hole, and the reference positioning structure being used for precisely positioning the step shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the locking and adjusting mechanism includes a first locking ring sleeved on the elastic collet, a thread is arranged on the outer surface of the elastic collet, and the first locking ring slides along the axis thread of the positioning hole; the locking and adjusting mechanism also includes an elastic gasket and a second locking ring sleeved on the elastic collet, and the elastic gasket is arranged between the first locking ring and the second locking ring.

[0011] Preferably, the locking adjustment mechanism also includes a first locking collar sleeved on the elastic collet, the outer surface of the elastic collet is provided with threads, and the first locking collar slides along the axis of the positioning hole; the locking adjustment mechanism also includes a cylinder installed on the fixed part away from the side of the positioning sleeve, the lifting and contraction part of the cylinder is connected with a locking shaft, and the locking shaft slides into the positioning hole; the end of the locking shaft extending into the positioning hole is provided with a cone inclined toward the fixed part. Preferably, the reference positioning structure includes a positioning pin inserted into the high-precision hole, the positioning pin includes a positioning part and a limiting part arranged on the top of the positioning part, and the deviation between the outer dimensions of the positioning part and the inner surface dimensions of the high-precision hole is less than 0.02mm.

[0012] Preferably, the length of the positioning portion is greater than the depth of the high-precision hole, and when the fine positioning is performed, the positioning pin passes through the high-precision hole, and a matching hole is provided on the positioning sleeve corresponding to the positioning pin, the inner surface size of the matching hole deviates from the inner surface of the high-precision hole by less than 0.01 mm, and the matching hole at least partially overlaps with the positioning pin; or: the number of the positioning pins is two, and the positioning pins are respectively provided on the positioning sleeve corresponding to the high-precision holes, and when the fine positioning is performed, the two positioning pins are relatively inserted into the positioning sleeve and partially overlap with the high-precision holes.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting portion is connected to the outer surface of the positioning sleeve 2 through an elastic telescopic component, and the positioning pin partially extends into the inner hole of the positioning sleeve in a default state; the first distance between the positioning pin and the opening of the positioning hole is equal to the second distance between the high-precision hole and the end of the stepped shaft.

[0014] The present invention also proposes a processing technology for special-shaped components of emergency doors on flight equipment, which is applied to a processing tooling for special-shaped components of emergency doors on flight equipment described in an embodiment of the present invention, and includes the following steps: 1) preparing materials and roughly processing them into an integrated square block portion and a cylindrical portion; 2) inserting the cylindrical portion into the processing tooling for positioning and locking, and processing the high-precision hole to achieve a first preset precision size; 3) continuing to insert the cylindrical portion into the processing tooling for positioning and locking, and at the same time inserting the reference positioning structure into the high-precision hole for positioning; 4) using the three-dimensional coordinates of the high-precision hole as a reference, determining the processing parameters of the bent portion, processing and forming the bent portion through a machine tool, processing and forming an inclined groove and initially processing a forming precision surface; 5) polishing the precision surface to achieve a second preset precision size.

[0015] Preferably, step 5) includes: performing preliminary processing on the precision surface to obtain a precision surface with a first roughness, the first roughness being 1-1.8 μm; performing first finishing processing on the precision surface with the first roughness according to a second roughness to obtain a precision surface with a second roughness, the second roughness being 0.6-1 μm; performing second finishing processing on the precision surface with the second roughness according to a third roughness to obtain a precision surface with a third roughness, the third roughness being 0.2-0.6 μm.

[0016] Preferably, the preliminary processing of the precision surface to obtain a precision surface with a first roughness includes: determining a target curvature of the precision surface; obtaining the accuracy of wire cutting, the accuracy of wire cutting matches the accuracy of the second roughness; determining an operating angle, an operating direction and an operating distance of a wire cutting device based on the target curvature and the accuracy of wire cutting; controlling the wire cutting device to perform preliminary processing on the precision surface by means of the operating angle, the operating direction and the operating distance to obtain a precision surface with a second roughness.

[0017] Preferably, the processing parameters of the bent portion are determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the high-precision hole, including: determining the horizontal axis, vertical axis and horizontal inclination of the high-precision hole based on the three-dimensional coordinates; determining the axial parameters of the bent portion based on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, and determining the inclination parameters of the bent portion based on the horizontal inclination, and the top surface plane of the bent portion is parallel to the cross-section of the high-precision hole; and generating the processing parameters of the bent portion based on the axial parameters and the inclination parameters.

[0018] (III) Beneficial effects

[0019] After the special-shaped parts are initially formed through the positioning holes, the positioning is started and the positioning reference is maintained. The processing positioning and position adjustment are realized through the locking adjustment mechanism and the elastic chuck. Therefore, under the same positioning reference, the high-precision hole processing is first performed by clamping and positioning to achieve the dimensional accuracy requirements, and then the reference positioning structure is further inserted into the high-precision hole to realize positioning, that is, the high-precision hole is further used as the processing positioning reference of the bending part while keeping the positioning reference of the positioning hole unchanged. The processing size parameters of the bending part are all based on the high-precision hole, so that the processing position including the inclined groove and the precision surface is linked with the high-precision hole to realize parameter linkage, which ensures reliable positioning and unified reference in the whole processing process, and realizes the processing size accuracy and consistency of the special-shaped parts;

[0020] At the same time, based on the clamping of the preliminary formed workpiece by the processing tooling, the processing technology is improved in a targeted manner to ensure that the entire processing process of the special-shaped component that meets the precision size and position requirements is completed with one clamping and two adjustments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the special-shaped parts of the emergency door;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a processing tool in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a positioning pin in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of an implementation scheme of an elastic clamp in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a processing tooling structure of a locking and adjusting mechanism using the second embodiment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder connected to the locking shaft in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the processing process flow for applying the processing tooling;

[0028] exist Figures 1 to 7 In the figure, the corresponding relationship between the component names or lines and the figure numbers is as follows:

[0029] Connecting shaft 100, stepped shaft 101, bent portion 102, high-precision hole 103, inclined groove 104, precision surface 105, fixing portion 1, positioning sleeve 2, elastic chuck 3, tapered surface 31, notch 32, positioning hole 4, locking adjustment mechanism 5, first locking collar 51, cylinder 52, locking shaft 53, tapered portion 54, reference positioning structure 6, positioning pin 60, positioning portion 61, and limiting portion 62. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, a processing tool for a special-shaped emergency door component is provided. Figure 1 This is the product picture of the special-shaped component of the emergency door. It can be seen that the positions that need to be processed include the stepped shaft 101, the high-precision hole 103, the bent portion 102, the inclined groove 104 and the precision surface 105. The symmetry accuracy requirement deviation of the high-precision hole 103 is less than 0.02mm. In a preferred embodiment, the symmetry accuracy requirement deviation is less than 0.02mm, and the width accuracy deviation is less than 0.02mm. In a preferred embodiment, the width accuracy deviation is less than 0.018mm.

[0032] When the bevel groove 104, precision surface 105 and other parts are specifically processed, the high-precision hole 103 is used as the positioning reference to ensure that the dimension chain meets the design requirements, and the special-shaped parts can be processed by one clamping and two position adjustments. During the specific processing, a four-axis machine tool is used as the main processing machine tool, and the processing tooling proposed in this embodiment mainly meets the reference unification of the two adjustment clamping. Therefore, the processing accuracy of the high-precision hole has a greater impact on all subsequent processing. The processing accuracy of the high-precision hole must be guaranteed, and in the process of processing the high-precision hole, it is necessary to accurately position and fix it, and on this basis, its precise processing can be achieved.

[0033] Specifically, Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4As shown, a processing tool specially designed for the special-shaped component of the emergency door is designed so that the processing process can meet the above requirements. The processing tool includes a fixing part 1 for installation on the processing equipment. The fixing part 1 is directly clamped on the machine tool (not shown) for fixing to meet the matching machine tool processing operation; and a positioning sleeve 2 extending from the fixing part 1 to the special-shaped component of the emergency door. The end of the positioning sleeve 2 is provided with an elastic chuck 3. The elastic chuck 3 includes a conical surface 31 and has a plurality of notches 32 evenly distributed along the conical surface 31. The diameter of the elastic chuck 3 can be reduced by an external extrusion force to achieve clamping. Therefore, a spring is provided on the elastic chuck 3 and the positioning sleeve 2. There is a positioning hole 4, which is used to roughly position the stepped shaft 101 of the special-shaped component of the emergency door. When the stepped shaft 101 is formally clamped and positioned by the elastic chuck 3, the stepped shaft 101 is pre-processed to meet the size requirements, and then the stepped shaft 101 is inserted into the positioning hole and plugged with the positioning hole 4 to form a one-time positioning, and the coaxiality of the stepped shaft 101 is guaranteed by the positioning hole 4. Specifically, by ensuring that the axis of the positioning hole 4 is located on the axis of the stepped shaft 101, the axis of the stepped shaft coincides with the axis of the positioning hole 4. It should be noted that after the stepped shaft 101 is inserted, it is necessary to ensure that the exposed part of the stepped shaft 101 is sufficient for processing the high-precision hole 103, that is, in a preferred embodiment, the stepped shaft after rough positioning is adaptively adjusted by manual adjustment.

[0034] After adjusting the position of the high-precision hole 103 to be processed to meet the requirements of machine tool processing, the elastic chuck 3 is locked. Specifically, a locking adjustment mechanism 5 for adjusting the aperture of the positioning hole 4 located at the position of the elastic chuck 3 is provided on the elastic chuck 3. The locking adjustment mechanism 5 is used to adjust the diameter of the elastic chuck 3 to ensure that the stepped shaft 101 is clamped.

[0035] At this point, the first clamping is completed, and the high-precision hole 103 is processed on the stepped shaft 101 by the machine tool, and the precision dimension requirements after processing are met. The machine tool involved in this embodiment is at least a four-axis machine tool. Of course, a more multi-dimensional machine tool such as a machining center can also be selected. The specific processing method is the existing function of the machine tool.

[0036] After the high-precision hole 103 is processed, the elastic chuck 3 is loosened by the locking adjustment mechanism 5, and the stepped shaft 101 is further moved inward. In the embodiment of the present application, a reference positioning structure 6 corresponding to the high-precision hole 103 is provided on the positioning sleeve 2, and the reference positioning structure 6 is matched and set according to the size parameters of the high-precision hole 103 to achieve accurate positioning based on the high-precision hole 103. On this basis, after further positioning by inserting the reference positioning structure 6 relatively fixed on the positioning sleeve 2 in advance into the high-precision hole 103, the elastic chuck 3 is locked again by the locking adjustment mechanism 5 to complete the secondary clamping. After the secondary clamping, the coaxial clamping reference of the positioning hole 4 and the positioning reference of the high-precision positioning hole 4 are met. When the various processing positions on the bending portion 102 are processed by the machine tool in the future, the positioning reference is no longer changed, thereby realizing that the relevant size parameters are all associated with the high-precision hole 103, forming a complete size chain, and ensuring that the entire special-shaped component has a highly consistent processing size after processing, and meets the accuracy requirements.

[0037] Therefore, double clamping and dual positioning references can be achieved through processing tooling, and reference positioning processing of complex parts can be achieved while keeping the positioning reference unified.

[0038] Specifically, the locking adjustment mechanism 5 is mainly used to tighten or loosen the elastic clamp 3. Generally, a rotating threaded ring structure can be used to lock the elastic clamp 3 by rotating the tightening thread. However, in the case of vibration generated during the processing, looseness may occur. Therefore, in order to further maintain the clamping state of the elastic clamp 3 after the locking adjustment mechanism 5 completes the locking, an improved implementation method is proposed.

[0039] In one embodiment, the locking and adjusting mechanism 5 specifically includes a first locking collar 51 sleeved on the elastic collet 3, the outer surface of the elastic collet 3 is provided with threads, and the first locking collar 51 slides along the axis of the positioning hole 4. The locking and adjusting mechanism 5 also includes an elastic gasket and a second locking collar sleeved on the elastic collet 3, wherein the elastic gasket is arranged between the first locking collar 51 and the second locking collar. During the application process, the first locking collar 51, the elastic gasket and the second locking collar are tightly fitted to form the entire locking and adjusting mechanism 5. After the elastic collet is clamped by the locking and adjusting mechanism 5, the force applied to the first locking collar 51 during the processing is firstly transmitted to the elastic gasket for buffering to offset most of the vibration force and the extrusion force, and a small amount of force is transmitted to the second locking collar through the elastic level, and is offset by the friction between the second locking collar and the threads on the elastic collet 3, thereby effectively overcoming the situation where the locking collar is loosened due to processing jitter, and ensuring the stability of the clamping state.

[0040] However, in actual application, the above embodiment adopts a threaded tightening method to clamp the elastic chuck 3. However, in some implementation scenarios, due to the small processing space, the tightening operation is difficult to implement, resulting in processing difficulties; on the other hand, the force of manual tightening varies from person to person, and may cause loosening due to insufficient force.

[0041] In order to solve the above technical problems, the existing locking and adjusting mechanism 5 is improved. In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the locking adjustment mechanism 5 also includes a first locking ring 51 sleeved on the elastic collet 3, and the outer surface of the elastic collet 3 is provided with a thread, and the locking ring slides along the axis thread of the positioning hole 4. After the stepped shaft 101 is inserted into the positioning hole 4, the aperture of the elastic collet 3 is driven to shrink by rotating the first locking ring 51 to achieve clamping of the stepped shaft 101. The method of relatively limiting the elastic collet 3 by threaded cooperation with the first locking ring 51 may cause loosening risk when subjected to external vibration, and it is difficult to ensure high-precision processing requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to further limit the clamping state. Specifically, the locking adjustment mechanism 5 also includes a cylinder 52 installed on the fixed part away from the side of the positioning sleeve 2, and the extension and contraction part of the cylinder 52 is connected to the locking shaft 53. At the end of the locking shaft 53 extending into the positioning hole 4, there is a cone 54 inclined toward the side of the fixed part 1. The locking shaft 53 slides into the positioning hole 4. In the default state, the cylinder is controlled to extend the locking shaft. At this time, the cone 54 does not interact with the elastic chuck 3. When the stepped shaft 101 is inserted into the positioning hole 4 and locked by the first locking ring 51, the cone 54 is controlled to be pulled back. At this time, the cone 54 contacts the elastic collet 3 and exerts a backward force on it. Since the first locking ring 51 has locked the elastic collet 3 through the threaded structure, the cone 54 further applies a force to it, which will make the force between the first locking ring 51 and the elastic collet 3 greater, and further increase the clamping force of the elastic collet 3 on the stepped shaft 101. The clamping stability of the stepped shaft 101 is higher, and it can maintain a sufficiently stable state during the processing, and there will be no displacement or rotation loosening, etc., which ensures the accuracy of subsequent processing. After the processing is completed, on the one hand, the locking shaft is extended by controlling the cylinder to relax the force on the elastic collet 3, and on the other hand, the first locking ring 51 is rotated to complete the unlocking of the stepped shaft 101.

[0042] By adopting the cylinder locking method, on the one hand, the space occupied by the locking adjustment mechanism during the locking action can be effectively reduced, and effective and reliable locking can be achieved even in a small space; on the other hand, the locking force can be effectively quantified to achieve precise control of the locking force, ensuring that a stable locking is achieved without causing any damage to the appearance of the special-shaped parts of the emergency door.

[0043] The reference positioning structure 6 can be positioned on the positioning sleeve 2 and inserted into the high-precision hole 103 for positioning. Specifically, in a possible embodiment, the reference positioning structure 6 is a positioning pin 60 that passes through the high-precision hole 103, and the positioning pin 60 has a positioning portion 61 that cooperates with the high-precision hole 103 of the special-shaped component of the emergency door, and the length of the positioning portion 61 is greater than the depth of the high-precision hole 103. A limiting portion 62 is provided on the positioning portion 61, and the limiting portion 62 prevents the positioning pin 60 from detaching from the positioning sleeve 2, while the size of the positioning portion 61 matches the high-precision hole 103. Specifically, the deviation between the outer dimensions of the positioning portion 61 and the inner surface dimensions of the high-precision hole is less than 0.02 mm, thereby ensuring that the positioning reference meets the parameter requirements.

[0044] During the application process, when the stepped shaft 101 is further inserted into the positioning sleeve 2 and the high-precision hole 103 is aligned with the reference positioning structure 6, the positioning pin 60 is inserted into the high-precision hole 103. The positioning pin 60 needs to penetrate the high-precision hole 103 from top to bottom. At the same time, the positioning portion 61 should at least partially overlap with the matching hole on the positioning sleeve to accurately limit the upper and lower positions of the high-precision hole 103 and achieve precise positioning based on the high-precision hole 103.

[0045] In a second possible embodiment, the number of the positioning pins 60 is two, which are respectively arranged on the positioning sleeve 2 corresponding to the upper opening and the lower opening of the high-precision hole 103. In the specific implementation process, the two positioning pins 60 are relatively inserted into the positioning sleeve 2 and positioned with the high-precision hole 103. The positioning pins 60 can be inserted from both sides of the high-precision hole 103 respectively, so as to achieve simultaneous positioning based on the upper opening and the lower opening of the high-precision hole 103, which can improve the reliability of the limit state after positioning and meet the high-precision processing requirements.

[0046] However, during the implementation process, on the one hand, manual insertion of the positioning pin 60 may result in incomplete insertion, and further lead to a situation where the final processing deviation cannot meet the requirements due to incomplete limiting; on the other hand, when multiple positioning pins 60 are configured, since one of the positioning pins 60 may be located at the bottom of the positioning sleeve 2, it may fall when turned upside down, resulting in failure of limiting, affecting the processing accuracy.

[0047] In order to solve the above technical problems, the limiting portion 62 is connected to the outer surface of the positioning sleeve 2 through an elastic telescopic component (such as a spring). Through the force of the elastic telescopic component, under default conditions, the positioning portion 61 of the positioning pin 60 partially extends into the inner hole of the positioning sleeve 2. Further, the position of the positioning pin 60 is set to: the first distance between the positioning pin 60 and the orifice of the positioning hole 4 is equal to the second distance between the high-precision hole 103 and the stepped shaft 101. During use, on the one hand, the positioning pin 60 keeps the positioning portion 61 in the state of being inserted into the positioning sleeve 2 under the force of the elastic telescopic component and the limiting portion 62. When clamping for the first time, the technician directly inserts the stepped shaft 101 into the positioning sleeve 2 and abuts against the positioning pin 60 to ensure that a sufficient clamping area is retained in the positioning sleeve 2, while retaining enough space for the processing of the high-precision hole 103. At the same time, after the first clamping is completed, the technician only needs to pinch the limit part 62 and lift the positioning pin 60. At this time, the stepped shaft 101 can be further inserted into the positioning sleeve 2. After aligning the high-precision hole 103 with the positioning pin 60, loosen the limit part 62 and under the action of the elastic telescopic component, the positioning part 61 can be completely inserted into the high-precision hole 103, thereby realizing convenient, stable and reliable limiting, and ensuring the accuracy of subsequent processing.

[0048] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, by using processing tooling in conjunction with machine tools to process the special-shaped parts of the emergency door, the processing technology can be further improved to ensure the dimensional consistency of the special-shaped parts after processing and meet the dimensional accuracy requirements. It should be noted that the processing process is mainly achieved by using processing tooling to realize one clamping, two adjustments, and a unified benchmark.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, a processing technology for a special-shaped emergency door component on a flight device is proposed, which relies on the application of the processing tooling in the above embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0050] 1) Prepare materials and roughly process them into an integrated square block and cylindrical part. The cylindrical part includes a connecting shaft 100 and a step shaft 101. The step shaft 101 is roughly processed to the set size requirements. After rough processing, the remaining structure is processed on a machine tool by clamping with a processing tool.

[0051] 2) After the processing, the cylindrical part is inserted into the processing tooling for positioning and locking. Mainly, after the stepped shaft 101 is matched with the positioning hole 4, the locking adjustment mechanism 5 is used to cooperate with the elastic chuck 3 to clamp the stepped shaft 101, and the position of the high-precision hole 103 is exposed outside the positioning sleeve 2. After clamping in place, the high-precision hole 103 is processed on the stepped shaft 101 and meets the first preset precision size requirement. The first preset precision size is specifically: the symmetry precision deviation is less than 0.02mm, and the width precision deviation is less than 0.018mm.

[0052] 3) After the high-precision hole 103 is processed, the high-precision hole 103 is further positioned. The locking adjustment mechanism 5 and the elastic chuck 3 are used to cooperate to realize the further movement of the cylindrical part into the positioning hole 4 of the processing tooling, and move it until the reference positioning structure 6 is inserted into the high-precision hole 103 for positioning. The elastic chuck 3 is clamped again to complete the clamping, and the clamping under the final positioning reference condition is completed. The subsequent processing steps all use the high-precision hole 103 as the positioning reference. The specific precise positioning structure and the high-precision hole 103 have a dimensional accuracy error range of 0.01mm-0.02mm to ensure the accuracy of the positioning reference.

[0053] 4) After clamping, the processing parameters of the bent portion 102 are determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the high-precision hole 103, and the bent portion 102 is processed and formed by a machine tool to form the inclined groove 104 and the initial processing precision surface 105. That is, the remaining processing positions are processed with the three-dimensional coordinates of the high-precision hole 103 as the origin of the coordinate system, so that the processing dimensions form a dimensional chain with the dimensions of the high-precision hole 103, which is related.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, the horizontal axis, vertical axis and horizontal inclination of the high-precision hole 103 are determined by the three-dimensional coordinates of the high-precision hole 103, and the axial parameters of the bending portion 102 are determined based on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, and the inclination parameters of the bending portion 102 are determined based on the horizontal inclination, wherein the top plane of the bending portion 102 should be parallel to the cross-section of the high-precision hole 103.

[0055] After obtaining the above-mentioned axial parameters and tilt parameters, the processing parameters for the bent portion 102 are determined, and the corresponding processing operations are performed.

[0056] 5) In addition to the positional requirements between the precision surface 105 and the high-precision hole 103, the surface smoothness of the precision surface 105 itself is also required to be high, and it needs to be polished to reach the second preset precision size. In the embodiment of the present application, the roughness is required to reach 0.4μm.

[0057] Specifically, two implementation methods can be used during grinding. In the first implementation method, the precision surface 105 is processed to a roughness of 1.6μm by conventional grinding equipment, and then the precision surface 105 is processed to a roughness of 0.8μm by 300-mesh grinding equipment, and finally the precision surface 105 is processed to a roughness of 0.4μm by 600-mesh grinding equipment. For example, the grinding equipment is any one of a sandpaper grinder, a belt grinder or a polishing wheel. The grinding equipment can be integrated on a machine tool or manually operated in sequence. By replacing grinding equipment of different finenesses, the precision surface 105 is polished in stages until the roughness requirement is met.

[0058] In a specific implementation, the above implementation is inefficient and cannot meet actual needs.

[0059] In another embodiment, a combination of wire cutting and high-precision grinding equipment is used to quickly and accurately grind the surface. Specifically, the target curvature of the precision surface 105 is first determined, and then the precision of the wire cutting is obtained. In the embodiment of the present application, the precision of the wire cutting matches the precision of the second roughness. The running angle, running direction and running distance of the wire cutting device can be determined according to the target curvature and the precision of the wire cutting, and a control instruction for the wire cutting device is generated. According to the control instruction, the wire cutting device is controlled to perform preliminary processing on the precision surface 105 to quickly obtain a precision surface with the second roughness.

[0060] At this time, the precision surface is further fine-machined. For example, in this embodiment, a flatness sensor device is integrated on the machine tool to collect the flatness data of the precision surface in real time during the machining process. When performing fine machining, the linkage control relies on the machine tool control system and directly adopts high-precision grinding equipment, such as a 600-mesh grinding equipment. The precision surface with the second roughness is machined according to the flatness data and the third roughness to obtain the precision surface with the third roughness, thereby greatly improving the surface treatment efficiency and ensuring the surface treatment accuracy.

[0061] By using the processing tooling in conjunction with the above processing technology, it is possible to process complex structures while ensuring the same datum and to associate the dimension chain. Of course, the processing technology parts that are not described in detail all rely on machine tools for processing. This embodiment mainly describes the part where the positioning datum affects the processing technology changes. Other parts not involved can consider existing mature technologies or common processes in the mechanical field.

[0062] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0064] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A processing tool for special-shaped emergency door parts on flight equipment, characterized in that: The emergency door special-shaped component includes a high-precision hole, the symmetry accuracy deviation of the high-precision hole is less than 0.05mm and the width accuracy deviation is less than 0.02mm, and the processing tooling includes: a fixing portion for mounting on the processing equipment and a positioning sleeve extending from the fixing portion to the emergency door special-shaped component, an elastic chuck is provided at the end of the positioning sleeve, and a positioning hole is provided on the elastic chuck, and the positioning hole is used to roughly position the step shaft of the emergency door special-shaped component, and the axis of the step shaft coincides with the axis of the positioning hole; The elastic chuck is provided with a locking adjustment mechanism for adjusting the aperture of the positioning hole; The positioning sleeve is provided with a reference positioning structure corresponding to the high-precision hole of the special-shaped component of the emergency door, the reference positioning structure is set based on the size parameter matching of the high-precision hole, and the reference positioning structure is used to accurately position the stepped shaft; The locking and adjusting mechanism comprises a first locking collar sleeved on the elastic collet, the outer surface of the elastic collet is provided with threads, and the first locking collar slides along the axis of the positioning hole; The locking adjustment mechanism also includes a cylinder installed on the fixed part away from the positioning sleeve, the lifting and contracting part of the cylinder is connected to a locking shaft, and the locking shaft slides into the positioning hole; The end of the locking shaft extending into the positioning hole is provided with a tapered portion inclined toward one side of the fixing portion.

2. The processing tool for the special-shaped emergency door parts on the flight equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking adjustment mechanism also includes a first locking collar sleeved on the elastic collet, the outer surface of the elastic collet is provided with threads, and the first locking collar slides along the axis of the positioning hole; The locking and adjusting mechanism also includes an elastic gasket and a second locking collar sleeved on the elastic clamp, wherein the elastic gasket is arranged between the first locking collar and the second locking collar.

3. A processing tool for special-shaped emergency door parts on flight equipment according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The reference positioning structure includes a positioning pin inserted into the high-precision hole, the positioning pin includes a positioning portion and a limiting portion arranged on the top of the positioning portion, and the deviation between the outer dimensions of the positioning portion and the inner surface dimensions of the high-precision hole is less than 0.02 mm.

4. The processing tool for the special-shaped emergency door parts on the flight equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the positioning portion is greater than the depth of the high-precision hole. When performing the precise positioning, the positioning pin is set through the high-precision hole, and a matching hole is set on the positioning sleeve corresponding to the positioning pin. The inner surface size of the matching hole has a deviation of less than 0.01 mm from the inner surface of the high-precision hole, and the matching hole at least partially overlaps with the positioning pin. or: There are two positioning pins, which are respectively arranged on the positioning sleeve corresponding to the high-precision holes. When the precise positioning is performed, the two positioning pins are relatively inserted into the positioning sleeve and partially overlap with the high-precision holes.

5. The processing tool for the special-shaped emergency door parts on the flight equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting portion is connected to the outer surface of the positioning sleeve through an elastic telescopic component, and the positioning pin partially extends into the inner hole of the positioning sleeve in a default state; A first distance between the positioning pin and the opening of the positioning hole is equal to a second distance between the high-precision hole and the end of the stepped shaft.

6. A processing technology for special-shaped parts of emergency doors on flight equipment, using a processing tool for special-shaped parts of emergency doors on flight equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Prepare the materials and roughly process them into a square block and a cylindrical part; 2) Insert the cylindrical part into the processing tooling, position and lock it, and process the high-precision hole to reach the first preset precision size; 3) Continue to insert the cylindrical part into the processing tooling for positioning and locking, and at the same time insert the reference positioning structure into the high-precision hole for positioning; 4) Based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the high-precision hole, determine the processing parameters of the bent part, and use the machine tool to process the bent part, process the inclined groove and the initial processing precision surface; 5) Grind the precision surface to the second preset precision size.

7. The processing technology of the special-shaped emergency door parts on the flight equipment according to claim 6 is characterized in that: Step 5) includes: Performing preliminary processing on the precision surface to obtain a precision surface with a first roughness, wherein the first roughness is 1-1.8 μm; Performing a first finishing operation on the precision surface with the first roughness according to the second roughness to obtain a precision surface with the second roughness, wherein the second roughness is 0.6-1 μm; A second finishing operation is performed on the precision surface with the second roughness according to a third roughness to obtain a precision surface with the third roughness, wherein the third roughness is 0.2-0.6 μm.

8. The processing technology of the special-shaped emergency door parts on the flight equipment according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The preliminary processing of the precision surface to obtain a precision surface with a first roughness includes: Determining a target curvature of the precision surface; Acquiring the precision of the wire cutting, wherein the precision of the wire cutting matches the precision of the second roughness; Determining the running angle, running direction and running distance of the wire cutting device based on the target arc and the precision of the wire cutting; The wire cutting device is controlled by the running angle, the running direction and the running distance to perform preliminary processing on the precision surface to obtain a precision surface with a second roughness.

9. The processing technology of the special-shaped emergency door parts on the flight equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of determining the processing parameters of the bending portion based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the high-precision hole includes: Determine the horizontal axis, vertical axis and horizontal inclination of the high-precision hole based on the three-dimensional coordinates; Determine an axial parameter of the bending portion based on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, determine an inclination parameter of the bending portion based on the horizontal inclination, and the top surface plane of the bending portion is parallel to the cross section of the high-precision hole; The processing parameters of the bent portion are generated based on the axial parameter and the tilt parameter.

Images