A laser cladding additive manufacturing system and method for YBCO high-temperature superconductor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a laser cladding additive manufacturing system and method for YBCO high-temperature superconductors, which relates to the technical field of superconducting ceramic preparation. In order to solve the problems of low processing efficiency and complicated steps in the existing YBCO superconducting ceramics, the following technical scheme is proposed: including a laser, a powder feeder, a mechanical arm and a cladding head, the mechanical arm drives the cladding head to move according to the printing path, and the laser transmits the laser to the cladding head through an optical fiber; the powder feeder feeds the powder into the cladding head, and the laser melts and solidifies the powder on the base of the turntable to form a three-dimensional complex structure, and the temperature distribution of the manufacturing structure is fed back by an infrared temperature sensor, and the camera monitoring system captures the deposition quality of the sample structure in real time. The present invention has the beneficial effects of high precision, high efficiency, high material utilization, good flexibility, low cost, etc., and provides a new and promising technical approach for the preparation of high-temperature superconducting materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of superconducting ceramic preparation, and in particular to a laser cladding additive manufacturing system and method for YBCO high-temperature superconductors. Background Art

[0002] YBCO high-temperature superconductors have unique properties in electricity, magnetism and energy storage, which makes them have great application prospects in power transmission, high-field magnets, controlled nuclear fusion, medical magnetic imaging, magnetic separation, maglev trains, superconducting energy storage systems, etc. At present, the main forms of YBCO high-temperature superconducting materials are blocks, strips and superconducting films, and the common preparation methods are solid phase reaction method, sol-gel method, pulsed laser deposition method, etc.

[0003] When preparing YBCO high-temperature superconductors by solid-phase reaction method, Y2O3, BaCO3 and CuO powders are fully mixed according to the atomic molar ratio of Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:3, then molded and compacted, and sintered at 920℃ for 30-50 hours. When preparing YBCO strips by sol-gel method, Y(NO3)3·6H2O, Ba(NO3)2 and Cu(NO3)2·3H2O are dissolved in ethanol according to the atomic molar ratio of Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:3, and the sol is evenly coated on metal strips or other substrates, first dried at low temperature to remove solvents and volatiles, and then sintered at 900-1000℃. When preparing YBCO superconducting thin films by pulsed laser deposition method, laser is irradiated on the surface of target material (Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:3), so that the YBCO material on the surface of target material is ablated into gas phase and flies to the surface of substrate to form thin film. The above preparation methods have many disadvantages. When preparing YBCO high-temperature superconductors by solid-phase reaction method, long-term sintering is required and the sintering process may cause composition inhomogeneity problems, especially in mass production, the uniformity of sintering may be limited. Due to the influence of "weak connection" between grains, the sample shape and structure are single, and only cylindrical and tetrahedral structures can be prepared. When preparing YBCO high-temperature superconductors by sol-gel method, the preparation cycle is long, the thickness uniformity is difficult to control, the process is complicated, the mechanical properties are poor, and the quality is difficult to control. When preparing YBCO superconductors by pulsed laser deposition method, the equipment and operation costs are high, the preparation efficiency is low, and there are often structural defects and surface quality problems.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, some scholars have proposed to construct complex structures through 3D printing technology. For example, the application (patent) number is 202410977784.7, which is a method for preparing YBCO high-temperature superconducting materials using photocuring 3D printing technology. The laser is used for curing to obtain a YBCO superconducting structure with fine shape, regular arrangement and high current carrying capacity. The application (patent) number is 202410166679.5, which is a method for preparing high-strength silicon oxide ceramics by photocuring 3D printing. The modified silicon oxide ceramic printing slurry is placed in the photocuring 3D printing equipment, and the silicon oxide ceramic blank is directly formed by the photocuring 3D printing method. The degreasing-sintering treatment is carried out according to the composition of the raw materials to obtain high-strength silicon oxide ceramics. The emergence of 3D printing technology has alleviated the difficult situation of YBCO preparation to a certain extent, realized the rapid prototyping of complex structures, got rid of the constraints brought by molds, and increased the structural diversity and performance diversity of YBCO. However, due to the small amount of spatial freedom, supports need to be added for printing models with cantilevers and hollow structures, which reduces printing efficiency and is greatly restricted in terms of molding speed and large-scale preparation. The limitations of the method itself make it difficult to perform one-step molding. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a laser cladding additive manufacturing system for YBCO high temperature superconductors to solve the problems of low processing efficiency, high cost and complicated steps in existing YBCO superconducting ceramics.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0007] A method for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductors, characterized by comprising:

[0008] S1. Preparation of additive manufacturing powder: put the first material yttrium barium copper oxide target Y123, the second material mixed powder with a molar ratio of Y211 target: Y035 target of 1:1, and the third material mixed powder with a mass ratio of Y2O3, BaCO3, CuO of 1:3.5:2.1 into a mortar, grind and mix evenly; dry the ground powder and pass it through a 50-mesh square hole sieve; mix the sieved powder with nano silver, boric acid, and ethanol according to the mass ratio, place it in a ball mill at a certain speed for a certain time, and then dry it and pass it through a 200-mesh square hole sieve;

[0009] S2. Build the laser cladding system: Assemble the laser cladding system, which includes a laser, a powder feeder, a robotic arm, and a cladding head. Import the target model into the slicing software to generate a printing path, and set the printing parameters, including laser power, powder feeding speed, powder feeder flow rate, and laser head moving speed. Deliver the laser to the cladding head through an optical fiber, and set the robotic arm to drive the cladding head to move along the printing path. The setting of the printing path ensures that there is a 20%-30% overlap between each layer. The laser power is set to 1000-1100w, the powder feeding speed is set to 5-10g / min, the powder feeder flow rate is set to 2-5g / min, and the laser head moving speed is 10-15mm / s.

[0010] S3, laser cladding and natural cooling: start the laser cladding system, and the powder feeder synchronously feeds the powder into the nozzle of the cladding head; the laser generated by the laser melts the powder sprayed from the nozzle and solidifies it on the base of the turntable to produce a cladding product; the cladding process is monitored in real time by a high-resolution camera and an infrared temperature sensor, including the surface temperature, thickness and shape of the cladding product, and the cladding parameters are adjusted in real time according to the monitoring results; after the cladding is completed, the laser cladding system is stopped; the cladding product is naturally cooled at room temperature; after cooling, the quality of the cladding product is checked;

[0011] S4. Oxygen permeation and surface mechanical-fluid composite treatment: Place the cladding product after cladding into an intelligent high-temperature furnace; heat it to a specified temperature with a set temperature gradient under a set oxygen environment and keep it warm for a certain period of time; after the insulation is completed, take out the sample; mechanically polish the cladding product after cladding, add diamond polishing paste and set the rotation speed; after mechanical polishing, select a two-way reciprocating cycle polishing method and use silicon carbide polymer elastic soft abrasive paste to fluid polish the cladding product; after polishing, test the surface roughness of the sample.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the grinding time is 5-8 minutes, the ball milling rate is 150-170 r / min, the ball milling time is 3.5 hours, the ball-to-material mass ratio is 1:2, the drying temperature is 90°C, and the drying time is 24 hours.

[0013] Preferably, in step S4, the pressure of the oxygen environment is 0.4-0.44MPa, the temperature gradient is set to 3°C / min, the heating temperature is 450-480°C, and the insulation time is 30 hours; the rotation speed of the mechanical polishing is set to 300-350r / min, and the sandpaper is from coarse to fine; the processing pressure of the fluid polishing is 1.5-12MPa, and the surface roughness after polishing is Ra0.025-Ra0.01μm.

[0014] A system for executing the above-mentioned laser cladding additive manufacturing method for YBCO high-temperature superconductors, wherein a cladding head is arranged at the working end of a robotic arm, the robotic arm drives the cladding head to move along a printing path, and a laser transmits laser light to the cladding head through an optical fiber; the laser, powder feeder, robotic arm and infrared temperature sensor are all communicatively connected to a control cabinet.

[0015] Preferably, the cladding head comprises an optical fiber interface arranged on the top, and the optical fiber is connected to the cladding head via the optical fiber interface.

[0016] Preferably, the cladding head comprises a powder distributor arranged at a side end and a powder feeding pipe arranged at a bottom, and the powder feeder feeds powder into the nozzle through the powder distributor and the powder feeding pipe respectively.

[0017] Preferably, the cladding head comprises a protective mirror arranged on one side.

[0018] Preferably, a water cooler is further included, which provides cooling water to the cladding head through the first water cooling interface and the second water cooling interface of the cladding head respectively, and the water cooler is communicatively connected with the control cabinet.

[0019] Preferably, a high-resolution camera is also included for observing the shape of the cladding product in real time and detecting defects in the cladding process. The high-resolution camera is communicatively connected to the control cabinet.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] Improve processing efficiency: By combining the high mobility of the robotic arm with the high efficiency of high-temperature cladding technology, the preparation speed of YBCO high-temperature superconductors has been significantly improved, solving the problem of low processing efficiency in traditional preparation methods.

[0022] Reduce costs: The new preparation method reduces excessive reliance on molds and simplifies the preparation steps, thereby effectively reducing production costs and improving economic benefits.

[0023] Enhanced preparation flexibility: The present invention breaks away from the constraints of the freedom of traditional ceramic 3D printing paths and adopts a platform with higher degrees of freedom and a complete preparation system, making large-scale, large-scale, one-step preparation of YBCO superconductors possible, greatly enhancing the flexibility and applicability of preparation.

[0024] Improving the performance of superconductor preparation: Due to the use of new preparation technologies and methods, the performance of the prepared YBCO superconductor has been significantly improved, meeting the application requirements of high-performance superconducting materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the laser cladding additive manufacturing system for YBCO high temperature superconductors of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 The technical roadmap for preparing yttrium barium copper oxide bulk materials by laser cladding for the laser cladding additive manufacturing YBCO high temperature superconductor system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cladding head of the laser cladding additive manufacturing YBCO high-temperature superconductor system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the powder melting and solidifying on the substrate at different laser powers;

[0029] Figures 1 to 3 The reference numerals shown in the figure represent respectively: 1- water cooling machine; 2- laser; 3- control cabinet; 4- stabilized power supply; 5- powder feeder; 6- robotic arm; 7- cladding head; 71- optical fiber interface; 72- powder separator; 73- protective mirror; 74- first water cooling interface; 75- powder feeding pipe; 76- second water cooling interface; 77- nozzle; 8- cladding product; 9- turntable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 The laser cladding additive manufacturing system for YBCO high-temperature superconductors of the present invention mainly includes key components such as a water chiller 1, a laser 2, a control cabinet 3, a voltage-stabilized power supply 4, a powder feeder 5, a robotic arm 6, a cladding head 7, an infrared temperature sensor, a high-resolution camera, and a turntable 9.

[0032] The laser 2, as the core component of the system, transmits a high-energy laser beam to the cladding head 7 through an optical fiber. The powder feeder 5 is responsible for uniformly and quantitatively feeding the prepared additive manufacturing powder into the nozzle 77 of the cladding head 7. The robot arm 6 has a high-precision six-axis motion capability, which can drive the cladding head 7 to move flexibly in three-dimensional space according to a preset printing path.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 3The cladding head 7 is a key component of the laser cladding process, and its structure includes an optical fiber interface 71, a powder separator 72, a protective mirror 73, a first water cooling interface 74, a powder feeding pipe 75, a second water cooling interface 76 and a nozzle 77. The optical fiber interface 71 is used to connect the laser 2 and the cladding head 7 to ensure that the laser beam can be stably and efficiently transmitted to the nozzle 77. The nozzle 77 is responsible for spraying the powder sent by the powder feeder 5 onto the substrate. The powder separator 72 and the powder feeding pipe 75 work together to ensure that the powder can be evenly and continuously fed into the nozzle 77. The protective mirror 73 is used to protect the nozzle 77 from adverse factors such as high temperature and splashing. The first water cooling interface 74 and the second water cooling interface 76 are used to connect the water cooler 1 to provide circulating cooling water for the cladding head 7 to ensure that it can work stably for a long time.

[0034] Infrared temperature sensors are used to monitor the temperature of the cladding layer surface to prevent excessively high temperatures from causing degradation of material properties or excessively low temperatures from causing inadequate cladding. High-resolution cameras are used to observe the shape and stability of the laser molten pool in real time and detect defects during the cladding process, such as cracks and pores.

[0035] The water chiller 1 provides circulating cooling water for the laser 2 and the cladding head 7 to keep the temperature of the equipment stable and prevent equipment failure or performance degradation due to excessive temperature. The voltage stabilizer 4 provides continuous power support for the laser and other equipment to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0036] The control cabinet 3 serves as the control center of the system. It is responsible for receiving and processing data from various sensors, and accurately controls the robot arm 6, laser 2, powder feeder 5 and other components according to preset parameters and algorithms to achieve automation and intelligence of the laser cladding process.

[0037] The turntable 9 is used to carry the substrate and can rotate in a horizontal plane so that the robot arm 6 can perform omnidirectional cladding on the substrate according to a preset path.

[0038] The quality of additive manufacturing powder has a significant impact on the laser cladding process and the performance of the final product. Therefore, the present invention adopts a specific powder preparation method to ensure the uniformity, stability and cladability of the powder.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 First, the raw materials including yttrium barium copper oxide target (Y123 atomic ratio Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:3), mixed powder (molar ratio Y211 target:Y035 target is 1:1), Y2O3, BaCO3, CuO mixed powder are put into a mortar at a mass ratio of 1:3.5:2.1, and fully ground with a grinding tool for 5-8 minutes to ensure that the components can be evenly mixed. The ground powder is sieved through a 50-mesh square hole sieve to remove large particles and impurities, and a uniform and fine powder is obtained for use.

[0040] Then, the dried powder is mixed with nanosilver, boric acid, and ethanol in a mass ratio of (100):(2-3):(1-2):(130-150), and placed in a ball mill for ball milling. The purpose of ball milling is to further refine the powder particles and improve the uniformity and cladding properties of the powder. During the ball milling process, the mass of each ball milled mixture is controlled between 200 and 350 g, the ball milling rate is 150-170 r / min, and the ball milling time is 3.5 hours. After the ball milling is completed, the mixture is placed in a dryer and dried at 90°C for 24 hours to remove volatile components such as ethanol. The dried powder is sieved again through a 200-mesh square hole sieve to obtain the final additive manufacturing powder for laser cladding.

[0041] When setting up a laser cladding system, you first need to assemble the components according to the predetermined positions and connect the corresponding cables and pipelines. Then, import the model into the slicing software and generate the printing path according to the geometry and size of the model. When setting the printing path, you need to ensure that there is a 20%-30% overlap between each layer to ensure the continuity and density of the cladding layer.

[0042] The power of laser 2 is one of the important factors affecting the laser cladding process. The present invention sets the laser power between 1000-1100w to ensure that the laser beam has enough energy to melt the powder and solidify it on the substrate. At the same time, the powder feeding speed, powder feeder flow rate and laser head moving speed also need to be precisely controlled. The powder feeding speed is set between 5-10g / min, the powder feeder flow rate is set between 2-5g / min, and the laser head moving speed is set between 10-15mm / s. The reasonable setting of these parameters can ensure the stability and continuity of the cladding process, thereby obtaining a high-quality cladding layer.

[0043] During the laser cladding process, the cladding layer also needs to be monitored and adjusted in real time. Infrared temperature sensors are used to monitor the temperature of the cladding layer surface. When the temperature is too high, it is necessary to reduce the laser power or increase the powder feeding speed to adjust the temperature. High-resolution cameras are used to observe the shape and stability of the laser molten pool in real time and detect defects in the cladding process, such as cracks and pores, so that timely measures can be taken to repair and adjust.

[0044] During the laser cladding process, the powder feeder 5 synchronously feeds the powder into the nozzle 77 of the cladding head 7. The powder ejected from the nozzle 77 meets the laser beam generated by the laser 2 during the flight, and is quickly melted and solidified on the substrate of the turntable 9, forming layers of cladding. Driven by the robot arm 6, the cladding head 7 moves on the substrate according to a preset path until the entire model is completely clad.

[0045] After the cladding is completed, the cladding product 8 needs to be cooled naturally at room temperature. The purpose of natural cooling is to release the residual stress in the cladding layer and avoid defects such as cracks. At the same time, natural cooling can also maintain the stability of the organizational structure and performance of the cladding layer. During the cooling process, the environment needs to be kept clean and dry to prevent dust, moisture and other impurities from contaminating and damaging the cladding layer.

[0046] Since high temperature is generated during laser cladding, part of the oxygen in the material is volatilized or lost, thus affecting the superconducting properties of the final product. Therefore, the present invention performs oxygen permeation treatment on the sample after cladding is completed to restore or increase the oxygen content in the material.

[0047] The oxygen permeation treatment is carried out in an intelligent high-temperature furnace. The clad sample is placed in a high-temperature furnace and heated in an oxygen environment of 0.4-0.44MPa. The temperature gradient is set to 3℃ / min, and the sample is heated to 450-480℃ and kept warm for 30 hours. During this process, oxygen will penetrate into the interior of the sample and combine with defects and vacancies in the material, thereby restoring or increasing the oxygen content in the material. After the oxygen permeation treatment is completed, the sample is taken out for subsequent treatment.

[0048] In order to ensure the surface finish of the Y-Ba-Cu-O block material after cladding, the present invention performs a surface mechanical-fluid composite treatment on the cladding product 8. The surface mechanical-fluid composite treatment includes two steps: mechanical polishing and fluid polishing.

[0049] Mechanical polishing is a rough polishing process, which is mainly used to remove macro defects and unevenness on the surface of the cladding layer. During the mechanical polishing process, diamond polishing paste needs to be added as a polishing medium. Diamond polishing paste is composed of diamond micropowder, polyethylene glycol, polytetrafluoroethylene, paraffin, stearic acid, glycerin, etc., and has good lubrication and polishing effects. When polishing, place the sample on the polishing machine and polish the sample with a polishing wheel wrapped with sandpaper or polishing cloth. The speed of the polishing wheel is set between 300-350r / min, and the sandpaper is gradually changed from coarse to fine until the surface of the sample becomes smooth and flat.

[0050] Fluid polishing is a fine polishing process, which is mainly used to further improve the surface finish of the sample and remove micro defects generated during mechanical polishing. In the fluid polishing process, a two-way reciprocating polishing method is selected, and silicon carbide polymer elastic soft abrasive paste is selected as the polishing medium. Silicon carbide polymer elastic soft abrasive paste is composed of silicon carbide, silicone compounds, viscous additives, etc., and has excellent polishing effect and wear resistance. During polishing, the sample is placed in the polishing tank, and the silicon carbide polymer elastic soft abrasive paste is evenly applied to the surface of the sample with polishing liquid. Then turn on the circulation pump of the polishing machine to circulate the polishing liquid in the polishing tank to polish the sample. The polishing pressure is controlled between 1.5-12MPa, and the polishing time is adjusted according to the surface finish requirements of the sample. After polishing, the sample is cleaned with a cleaning fluid and the surface roughness is tested.

[0051] After surface mechanical and fluid composite treatment, the surface roughness of yttrium barium copper oxide block can reach Ra0.025-Ra0.01μm, meeting the requirements of high-performance superconductors.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductors, characterized in that: include: S1. Preparation of additive manufacturing powder: put the first material yttrium barium copper oxide target Y123, the second material mixed powder with a molar ratio of Y211 target: Y035 target of 1:1, and the third material mixed powder with a mass ratio of Y2O3, BaCO3, CuO of 1:3.5:2.1 into a mortar, grind and mix evenly; dry the ground powder and pass it through a 50-mesh square hole sieve; mix the sieved powder with nano silver, boric acid, and ethanol according to the mass ratio, place it in a ball mill at a certain speed for a certain time, and then dry it and pass it through a 200-mesh square hole sieve; S2. Build a laser cladding system: Assemble the laser cladding system, which includes a laser (2), a powder feeder (5), a robot arm (6) and a cladding head (7); import the target model into the slicing software to generate a printing path, and set the printing parameters, including laser power, powder feeding speed, powder feeder flow rate, and laser head moving speed; transmit the laser to the cladding head (7) through an optical fiber, and set the robot arm (6) to drive the cladding head (7) to move along the printing path; the setting of the printing path ensures that there is a 20%-30% overlap between each layer, the laser power is set to 1000-1100w, the powder feeding speed is set to 5-10g / min, the powder feeder flow rate is set to 2-5g / min, and the laser head moving speed is 10-15mm / s; S3, laser cladding and natural cooling: start the laser cladding system, and the powder feeder (5) synchronously feeds the powder into the nozzle (77) of the cladding head (7); the laser generated by the laser (2) melts the powder sprayed from the nozzle (77) and solidifies it on the base of the turntable (9), thereby generating a cladding product (8); the cladding process is monitored in real time by a high-resolution camera and an infrared temperature sensor, including the surface temperature, thickness and shape of the cladding product (8), and the cladding parameters are adjusted in real time according to the monitoring results; after the cladding is completed, the laser cladding system is stopped; and the cladding product (8) is naturally cooled at room temperature; After cooling, the quality of the cladding product (8) is checked; S4, oxygen permeation and surface mechanical flow composite treatment: placing the cladding product (8) after cladding into an intelligent high-temperature furnace; heating to a specified temperature with a set temperature gradient under a set oxygen environment and keeping the temperature constant; After the heat preservation is completed, the sample is taken out; the cladding product (8) after cladding is mechanically polished; the cladding product (8) is fluid-polished; After polishing, the surface roughness of the samples was measured.

2. The method for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the grinding time is 5-8 minutes, the ball milling rate is 150-170 r / min, the ball milling time is 3.5 hours, the ball-to-material mass ratio is 1:2, the drying temperature is 90° C., and the drying time is 24 hours.

3. The method for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the pressure of the oxygen environment is 0.4-0.44MPa, the temperature gradient is set to 3°C / min, the heating temperature is 450-480°C, and the insulation time is 30 hours; the rotation speed of the mechanical polishing is set to 300-350r / min, and the sandpaper is from coarse to fine; the processing pressure of the fluid polishing is 1.5-12MPa, and the surface roughness after polishing is Ra0.025-Ra0.01μm.

4. A system for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductors, which implements the method for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cladding head (7) is arranged at the working end of the mechanical arm (6); the mechanical arm (6) drives the cladding head (7) to move along a printing path; the laser (2) transmits laser light to the cladding head (7) via an optical fiber; the laser (2), the powder feeder (5), the mechanical arm (6) and the infrared temperature sensor are all connected to the control cabinet (3) for communication.

5. The system for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductors according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cladding head (7) comprises an optical fiber interface (71) arranged at the top, and the optical fiber is connected to the cladding head (7) via the optical fiber interface (71).

6. The system for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductors according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cladding head (7) comprises a powder distributor (72) arranged at a side end and a powder delivery pipe (75) arranged at a bottom, and the powder delivery device (5) delivers powder into a nozzle (77) through the powder distributor (72) and the powder delivery pipe (75) respectively.

7. The system for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductors according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cladding head (7) comprises a protective mirror (73) arranged on one side.

8. The system for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductors according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also comprises a water cooler (1), wherein the water cooler (1) provides cooling water to the cladding head (7) through the first water cooling interface (74) and the second water cooling interface (76) of the cladding head (7), and the water cooler (1) is communicatively connected to the control cabinet (3).

9. The system for laser cladding additive manufacturing of YBCO high temperature superconductors according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a high-resolution camera for observing the shape of the cladding product (8) in real time and detecting defects during the cladding process. The high-resolution camera is connected to the control cabinet (3) for communication.

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