Amphibious vehicle with liftable steering drive axle

Abstract

The application relates to the field of amphibious vehicles, in particular to a liftable steering drive axle of an amphibious vehicle, which comprises a bottom frame, the two ends of the bottom frame are provided with tire wheels; a drive axle mechanism is installed on the surface of the bottom frame and extends to the inner side of the tire wheels; wherein the drive axle mechanism comprises a speed control assembly arranged on the inner side of the bottom frame, the two ends of the speed control assembly are connected with wheel connecting assemblies, the surfaces of the wheel connecting assemblies extend to the interiors of the tire wheels, and the upper ends of the wheel connecting assemblies are provided with lifting assemblies; the liftable steering drive axle of the amphibious vehicle can realize the selection calculation of the main reducer and the differential of the amphibious vehicle under the action of the drive axle mechanism, the main reducer and the differential with stable power and stable transmission are designed by saving the vehicle space in a specified size.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of amphibious vehicles, in particular to an amphibious vehicle liftable steering drive axle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The automobile drive axle is an automobile device. The drive axle is generally composed of a main reducer, a differential, a wheel driving device and a drive axle housing. In order to cooperate with the independent suspension, the main reducer housing is fixed on the frame (or the vehicle body), the drive axle housing is segmented and connected through a hinge, or there is no other part of the drive axle housing except the main reducer housing. In order to adapt to the need of independent up and down of the driving wheel, universal joints are used to connect the sections of the half shaft between the differential and the wheel. The steering drive axle is an important part in the wide use of automobiles, which is mainly responsible for transmitting the power generated by the engine to the wheels, and then realizing the movement of the vehicle;

[0003] Amphibious vehicles refer to vehicles that can travel on water and land. Among amphibious vehicles, motorcycles are the most common. Compared with cars, motorcycles are more portable. Amphibious motorcycles have more applications than ordinary motorcycles, and many outdoor activities require amphibious motorcycles. However, the existing amphibious vehicles have two working environments of water and land, and their structure is more complex than general vehicles or ships, occupying a large space and increasing the underwater moving resistance.

[0004] Therefore, an amphibious vehicle liftable steering drive axle is proposed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide an amphibious vehicle liftable steering drive axle to solve the above problems, and to improve the problem that amphibious vehicles have two working environments of water and land, and their structure is more complex than general vehicles or ships, occupying a large space and increasing the underwater moving resistance.

[0006] The present application achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical scheme. An amphibious vehicle liftable steering drive axle comprises a bottom frame, both ends of the bottom frame are provided with tire wheels, a drive axle mechanism is installed on the surface of the bottom frame, and the surface of the drive axle mechanism extends to the inner side of the tire wheel. The drive axle mechanism comprises a speed control assembly arranged on the inner side of the bottom frame, both ends of the speed control assembly are connected with a wheel connecting assembly, the surface of the wheel connecting assembly extends to the inside of the tire wheel, and a lifting assembly is installed on the upper end of the wheel connecting assembly.

[0007] The throttle valve is installed in the steering drive axle to control the filling and discharging speed of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby controlling the speed of the wheel lifting. When the wheel is lifted, the two-position two-way electromagnetic ball valve is set to control the wheel lifting, the hydraulic oil enters from the upper end inlet, drives the hydraulic cylinder to shrink, and lifts the wheel. At the same time, the safety overflow valve is set to limit the upper limit of the pressure of the inlet, and the whole hydraulic system is protected.

[0008] After the driver turns on the wheel lowering switch, the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve is selected as the wheel lowering valve, the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder is the inlet, the upper end is the outlet, and the wheel is lowered. At the same time, the one-way valve is installed on the frame to ensure that the hydraulic oil for lifting and lowering can only flow in one direction. When the driver manually discharges, the upper and lower inlet and outlet pipelines can share a set of discharge pipeline, and the upper and lower pipelines can be isolated to ensure independent control of the lifting and lowering of the vehicle.

[0009] When the amphibious vehicle is in normal driving state, when the vehicle is driving in water, the hydraulic control system of the lifter is controlled, the hydraulic oil enters through the inlet of the lifter, the piston rod moves downward, the outlet is opened, and the wheel is slowly lifted through the hydraulic action.

[0010] After the vehicle completes the task in water, the hydraulic oil in the lifter enters the hydraulic cylinder through the lower inlet by controlling the hydraulic control system, the piston moves upward, the hydraulic oil at the upper end of the piston rod is discharged through the outlet at the upper end, and the wheel slowly descends. After a period of time, the wheel returns to the normal land driving height.

[0011] Preferably, the speed control assembly comprises two frames fixedly connected to the bottom frame near the inner side of the wheel connecting assembly, a reducer shell fixedly connected between the two frames, a connecting flange fixedly connected to one side of the reducer shell, a steering knuckle arm provided at the lower end of the connecting flange, a dust cover sleeved on the surface of the connecting flange, a first bearing mounted on the surface of the connecting flange, a first oil seal mounted on the side surface of the first bearing, a driven bevel gear rotatably connected to the inner wall of the reducer shell, and a driving bevel gear rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting flange.

[0012] Preferably, the wheel connecting assembly comprises a rotating knuckle provided on the inner side of the tire wheel, a ball head liner fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating knuckle, a ball head nut fixedly connected to the inner wall of the ball head liner, a fastening nut rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating knuckle, the fastening nut connected to the end of the speed control assembly, a flange plate fixedly connected to the surface of the fastening nut, the flange plate fixedly connected to the inner side of the tire wheel, a brake disc fixedly connected to the surface of the flange plate, and a fender provided between the brake disc and the rotating knuckle.

[0013] Preferably, the lifting assembly comprises an air spring cover plate fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating joint, a plurality of buffer air springs are installed on the upper end of the air spring cover plate, a piston rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the buffer air spring, a third oil seal is fixedly connected to the lower end of the piston rod, and an upper stop valve is fixedly connected to the upper end of the third oil seal. The lengths of the two upper and lower swing arms of the double wishbone independent suspension can be equal or unequal. According to the design requirements, the elastic element of the suspension is selected as a gas spring. The rubber air spring has good shock absorption and high-frequency shock absorption performance due to its special structure and gas-solid coupling characteristics. Compared with metal springs, the air spring has the advantages of relatively slow speed change, relatively small change under dynamic excitation, and easier control. The working principle of the air spring is to fill compressed air in its flexible sealed space, and to use the counterforce of the compressed air in the rubber air bag as the elastic restoring force of the elastic element. Air springs can be divided into bag type and membrane type. The working principle of the bag type air spring is that it is composed of a rubber air bag with cords and compressed air sealed therein. The inner layer of the air bag is made of rubber with good air tightness, and the outer layer is made of oil-resistant rubber. The air bag is generally made of two sections, and the more sections, the better the elasticity. The sections are surrounded by rigid waistbands to prevent the middle part from expanding radially and to prevent friction between the sections. The air bag seal is composed of the upper and lower cover plates of the air bag. The bag type air spring is easy to manufacture, simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, and has a relatively simple working condition and a long service life. The most commonly used on cars is the bag type air spring. Compared with the membrane type air spring, the bag type air spring has no orifice and piston base, so it can set a lower working height in a limited installation height and obtain greater elastic deformation, so the bag type air spring is selected in this design. The amphibious vehicle steering drive axle in this design, after selecting the suspension, the most important element is the shock absorber.

[0014] Compared with the traditional shock absorber design, first of all, the waterproof setting of the shock absorber when the vehicle is driving in water must be considered. Since most traditional shock absorbers use oil to lift the vehicle, waterproof treatment is required in water, which increases the design cost. In order to save cost, increase the service life of the shock absorber, and prevent oil pollution to water, the shock absorber needs to be upgraded according to the design requirements and actual needs.

[0015] According to the design requirements, the combination of the lifting system and the air spring is selected to realize the shock absorption of the vehicle. When the vehicle is driving on the road, the oil pressure monitoring system is used to open the inlet and outlet of the lifting system, and the oil pressure of the lifting system is adjusted according to the vibration of the vehicle, so as to play the role of vehicle shock absorption.

[0016] Preferably, the end of the first bearing is fixedly connected with a half gear shaft, the surface of the half gear shaft is fixedly connected with a planetary gear, the inner side of the driven bevel gear is provided with a half shaft gear, the half shaft gear is in meshing connection with the planetary gear, and the single-stage main reducer is selected for the amphibious vehicle.

[0017] Preferably, the end of the first bearing is fixedly connected with a half gear shaft, the surface of the half gear shaft is fixedly connected with a planetary gear, the inner side of the driven bevel gear is provided with a half shaft gear, the half shaft gear is in meshing connection with the planetary gear, and the single-stage main reducer is selected for the amphibious vehicle.

[0018] Preferably, the end of the first bearing is fixedly connected with a half gear shaft, the surface of the half gear shaft is fixedly connected with a planetary gear, the inner side of the driven bevel gear is provided with a half shaft gear, the half shaft gear is in meshing connection with the planetary gear, and the single-stage main reducer is selected for the amphibious vehicle.

[0019] Preferably, the end of the first bearing is fixedly connected with a half gear shaft, the surface of the half gear shaft is fixedly connected with a planetary gear, the inner side of the driven bevel gear is provided with a half shaft gear, the half shaft gear is in meshing connection with the planetary gear, and the single-stage main reducer is selected for the amphibious vehicle.

[0020] Preferably, the end of the first bearing is fixedly connected with a half gear shaft, the surface of the half gear shaft is fixedly connected with a planetary gear, the inner side of the driven bevel gear is provided with a half shaft gear, the half shaft gear is in meshing connection with the planetary gear, and the single-stage main reducer is selected for the amphibious vehicle.

[0021] The wheel lifting is controlled by installing a throttle valve in the steering drive axle, so as to control the oil filling and discharging speed of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby controlling the wheel lifting speed. When the wheel is lowered, a two-position two-way electromagnetic ball valve is arranged to control the wheel lowering, the hydraulic oil enters from the upper oil inlet, drives the hydraulic cylinder to contract, and lifts the wheel. At the same time, a safety overflow valve is arranged to limit the upper limit of the pressure of the oil inlet, and the whole hydraulic system is protected.

[0022] When the driver actuates the wheel lowering switch, a two-position three-way electromagnetic valve is selected as the wheel lifting valve, as shown in the drawing, at this time the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder is the oil inlet, the upper end is the oil outlet, and the wheel is lifted. At the same time, a one-way valve is arranged on the frame to ensure that the hydraulic oil for lifting can only flow in one direction. Figures 5-6 When the driver manually discharges the oil, the upper and lower oil paths can share a set of oil discharge pipeline, and the upper and lower oil paths can be isolated to ensure independent control of the lifting of the vehicle.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0024] 1. The amphibious vehicle lifting steering drive axle can be under the action of the drive axle mechanism, and the main reducer and differential of the amphibious vehicle are calculated and selected, the space of the vehicle is saved through the specified small size, and the main reducer and differential with stable power and stable transmission are designed.

[0025] 2. By setting the lifting assembly, when the vehicle is running in water, the hydraulic control system of the lifter is controlled, the hydraulic oil enters through the inlet of the lifter, the piston rod moves downward, the oil outlet is opened, and the wheels are slowly lifted through the hydraulic action. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0027] Figure 2 The drive axle mechanism structure diagram of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0028] Figure 3 The local sectional view of the wheel connecting assembly of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0029] Figure 4 The local structure sectional view of the speed control assembly of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0030] Figure 5 The connecting flange position diagram of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0031] Figure 6 The local sectional view of the lifting assembly of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0032] Figure 7 The internal structure diagram of the reducer shell of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0033] Figure 8 The guide pin sleeve position diagram of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Underframe; 2. Tire wheel; 3. Drive axle mechanism; 31. Speed ​​control assembly; 311. Frame; 312. Universal joint; 313. Upper control arm; 314. Lower control arm; 315. Control arm ball joint; 316. Connecting flange; 317. Reducer housing; 318. Steering knuckle arm; 319. Dust cover; 3110. First bearing; 3111. Drive bevel gear; 3112. First oil seal; 3113. Half gear shaft; 3114. Planetary gear; 3115. Half shaft gear; 3116. From... 32. Moving bevel gear; 321. Wheel connection assembly; 322. Rotary knuckle; 323. Ball head nut; 324. Ball head liner; 325. Brake disc; 326. Mudguard; 327. Flange; 328. Fastening nut; 329. Second bearing; 3210. Second oil seal; 3210. Guide pin sleeve; 331. Lifting assembly; 332. Air spring cover; 333. Lower stop valve; 334. Piston rod; 335. Buffer air spring; 336. Lifter cover; 337. Upper stop valve; 338. Third oil seal. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In practical implementation: such as Figures 1-8 As shown, an amphibious vehicle with a liftable steering drive axle includes: a base frame 1, with wheel 2s at both ends of the base frame 1; a drive axle mechanism 3, mounted on the surface of the base frame 1, with the surface of the drive axle mechanism 3 extending to the inner side of the wheel 2; wherein, the drive axle mechanism 3 includes a speed control component 31 disposed inside the base frame 1, with wheel connecting components 32 connected to both ends of the speed control component 31, the surface of the wheel connecting components 32 extending to the interior of the wheel 2, and a lifting component 33 mounted on the upper end of the wheel connecting components 32;

[0037] The speed control assembly 31 comprises two frame 311 fixedly connected to the bottom frame 1 near the wheel connecting assembly 32, two frame 311 are fixedly connected with a reducer shell 317, one side of the reducer shell 317 is fixedly connected with a connecting flange 316, the lower end of the connecting flange 316 is provided with a knuckle arm 318, the surface of the connecting flange 316 is sleeved with a dust cover 319, one side of the dust cover 319 is provided with a first bearing 3110 mounted on the surface of the connecting flange 316, the side of the first bearing 3110 is provided with a first oil seal 3112, the inner wall of the reducer shell 317 is rotatably connected with a driven bevel gear 3116, the inner wall of the connecting flange 316 is rotatably connected with a driving bevel gear 3111, the driving bevel gear 3111 is meshed with the driven bevel gear 3116, the end of the first bearing 3110 is fixedly connected with a half gear shaft 3113, the surface of the half gear shaft 3113 is fixedly connected with a planetary gear 3114, the inner side of the driven bevel gear 3116 is provided with a half shaft gear 3115, the half shaft gear 3115 is meshed with the planetary gear 3114, the ends of the frame 311 are connected with universal joints 312, the upper and lower sides of the universal joints 312 are respectively provided with upper swing arms 313 and lower swing arms 314 hinged to the ends of the frame 311, the ends of the upper swing arms 313 and the lower swing arms 314 away from the frame 311 are provided with swing arm ball heads 315. According to the load bearing and the actual situation of the design, the full-floating half shaft is selected, and the main structural characteristics are that the flange at the outer end of the half shaft is connected to the hub by screws, and the hub is supported on the half shaft sleeve of the drive axle housing by two tapered roller bearings. The drive axle can be classified in various forms, such as the form of the axle housing, which includes the split type and the integral type. The split type is mostly used in passenger cars with independent suspension, and the integral type is mostly used in commercial vehicles. The selection is mainly based on the balance between cost and function. Under the same load bearing capacity, the cost of independent suspension is much higher than that of non-independent suspension.

[0038] The wheel connecting assembly 32 comprises a rotating knuckle 321 arranged inside the tire wheel 2, the inner wall of the rotating knuckle 321 is fixedly connected with a ball head lining 323, the inner wall of the ball head lining 323 is fixedly connected with a ball head nut 322, the inner wall of the rotating knuckle 321 is rotatably connected with a fastening nut 327, the fastening nut 327 is connected with the end of the speed control assembly 31, the surface of the fastening nut 327 is fixedly connected with a flange 326, the flange 326 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the tire wheel 2, the surface of the flange 326 is fixedly connected with a brake disc 324, a mudguard 325 is arranged between the brake disc 324 and the rotating knuckle 321, the rotating knuckle 321 and the fastening nut 327 are fixedly connected with a second bearing 328, the inner side of the second bearing 328 is installed with a second oil seal 329, the surface of the rotating knuckle 321 is provided with a plurality of guide pin sleeves 3210, and the plurality of guide pin sleeves 3210 are annularly and uniformly distributed on the surface of the rotating knuckle 321. The selection here is mainly based on the balance between cost and function, and under the same bearing capacity, the cost of independent suspension is much higher than that of non-independent suspension. The wheel is connected with the brake disc, the steering knuckle in the brake disc is designed according to the requirements of the amphibious vehicle, and is connected with the upper and lower swing arms 314. Secondly, the steering knuckle and the upper and lower swing arms 314 are on the line of the kingpin, so as to meet the requirements of wheel lifting. The steering knuckle is connected with the lifting system, and the steering knuckle is driven by the lifting system to drive the wheel lifting. The steering knuckle is connected with the swing arm of the steering gear, in order to meet the lifting, the swing arm is connected with the steering knuckle at the contact position. The wheel is connected with the power transmission system, and the ball cage type universal joint 312 is adopted to meet the lifting. Based on the above points, the lifting system, the steering gear, the swing arm and the power transmission system all meet the lifting condition. The upper end of the lifting system is connected with the vehicle frame 311, and the rigid connection cannot be adopted, and the connection mode with strong ductility is adopted to meet the requirements of vehicle lifting;

[0039] The lifting assembly 33 comprises an air spring cover plate 331 fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating joint 321, a plurality of buffer air springs 334 are installed on the upper end of the air spring cover plate 331, the inner wall of the buffer air spring 334 is slidably connected with a piston rod 333, the lower end of the piston rod 333 is fixedly connected with a third oil seal 337, the upper end of the third oil seal 337 is fixedly connected with an upper stop valve 336, the upper end of the air spring cover plate 331 is fixedly connected with a cylinder body, the upper end of the cylinder body is fixedly connected with a lifter cover 335, the inner wall of the lifter cover 335 is slidably connected with the surface of the piston rod 333, and the lower end of the cylinder body is installed with a lower stop valve 332. In order to meet the wheel lifting requirements, the hydraulic lifter is designed, the medium adopted in the hydraulic cylinder is incompressible oil, and the outstanding feature is that the response sensitivity is high. When the hydraulic cylinder works, the piston pressure source in the hydraulic cylinder is: the oil pressure of the oil liquid received from the upper and lower oil inlets, according to the vehicle condition, one side of the oil pressure drops, and the other side of the oil pressure rises, so that the piston in the lifter produces reciprocating extension and contraction movement, thereby driving the wheel lifting to adapt to the needs of the amphibious vehicle task.

[0040] When the amphibious vehicle is normally driven, when the vehicle is driven in water, the hydraulic oil enters through the lifter oil inlet, the piston rod 333 moves downward, the oil outlet is opened, the wheel is slowly lifted through the hydraulic action, when the vehicle completes the task in water, the hydraulic oil in the lifter enters the hydraulic cylinder through the lower oil inlet, the piston moves upward, the hydraulic oil at the upper end of the piston rod 333 is discharged through the upper oil outlet, and the wheel slowly descends, and the wheel returns to the normal land driving height after a period of time.

[0041] In addition, it should be understood that, although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. An amphibious vehicle liftable steerable drive axle, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of vehicle drive axle mechanism, including: Bottom frame (1), both ends of the bottom frame (1) are provided with tire wheel (2); Driving axle mechanism (3) is installed on the surface of bottom frame (1), the surface of driving axle mechanism (3) extends to the inside of tire wheel (2); Wherein, the driving axle mechanism (3) includes speed control assembly (31) being arranged in the inside of bottom frame (1), both ends of the speed control assembly (31) are connected with wheel connecting assembly (32), the surface of the wheel connecting assembly (32) extends to the inside of tire wheel (2), the upper end of the wheel connecting assembly (32) is installed with lifting assembly (33); The wheel connecting assembly (32) includes rotating knuckle (321) being arranged in the inside of tire wheel (2), lifting assembly (33) includes air spring cover plate (331) being fixedly connected to the upper end of rotating knuckle (321), the upper end of the air spring cover plate (331) is installed with multiple buffer air springs (334), the inner wall of the buffer air spring (334) is slidably connected with piston rod (333), the lower end of the piston rod (333) is fixedly connected with third oil seal (337); The speed control assembly (31) includes two carriages (311) being fixedly connected to the inside of bottom frame (1) close to wheel connecting assembly (32) respectively, the end of the carriage (311) is connected with universal joint (312), the upper and lower sides of the universal joint (312) are respectively provided with upper swing arm (313) and lower swing arm (314) hinged with the end of carriage (311), universal joint (312) is connected to tire wheel (2), rotating knuckle (321) is connected to carriage (311) by upper swing arm (313) and lower swing arm (314), the end of the upper swing arm (313) and lower swing arm (314) away from carriage (311) is installed with swing arm ball head (315); The upper end of the air spring cover plate (331) is fixedly connected with cylinder body, the upper end of the cylinder body is fixedly connected with lifter cover (335), the inner wall of the lifter cover (335) is slidably connected with the surface of piston rod (333).

2. The amphibious vehicle liftable steering drive axle defined in claim 1, characterized in that: Two carriages (311) are fixedly connected with speed reducer shell (317), one side of the speed reducer shell (317) is fixedly connected with connecting flange (316), the lower end of the connecting flange (316) is provided with steering knuckle arm (318), the surface of the connecting flange (316) is sleeved with dust cover (319), one side of the dust cover (319) is provided with first bearing (3110) installed on the surface of connecting flange (316), the first bearing (3110) side is installed with first oil seal (3112), the inner wall of the speed reducer shell (317) is rotatably connected with driven bevel gear (3116), the inner wall of the connecting flange (316) is rotatably connected with driving bevel gear (3111), the driving bevel gear (3111) is meshingly connected with driven bevel gear (3116).

3. The amphibious vehicle liftable drive axle of claim 1, wherein: The inner wall of the rotating knuckle (321) is fixedly connected with a ball head lining (323), the inner wall of the ball head lining (323) is fixedly connected with a ball head nut (322), the inner wall of the rotating knuckle (321) is rotatably connected with a fastening nut (327), the fastening nut (327) is connected with the end of the speed control assembly (31), the surface of the fastening nut (327) is fixedly connected with a flange (326), the flange (326) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the tire wheel (2), the surface of the flange (326) is fixedly connected with a brake disc (324), and the brake disc (324) is provided with a mud guard (325) between the rotating knuckle (321).

4. The amphibious vehicle liftable drive axle of claim 2, wherein: The end of the first bearing (3110) is fixedly connected with a half gear shaft (3113), the surface of the half gear shaft (3113) is fixedly connected with a planetary gear (3114), the inner side of the driven bevel gear (3116) is provided with a half shaft gear (3115), and the half shaft gear (3115) is meshedly connected with the planetary gear (3114).

5. The amphibious vehicle tiltable drive axle of claim 3, wherein: The rotating knuckle (321) and the fastening nut (327) are fixedly connected with a second bearing (328), and the inner side of the second bearing (328) is mounted with a second oil seal (329).

6. The amphibious vehicle tiltable drive axle of claim 3 wherein: The surface of the rotating knuckle (321) is provided with a plurality of guide pin sleeves (3210), and the plurality of guide pin sleeves (3210) are evenly distributed on the surface of the rotating knuckle (321) in a ring shape.

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