Icing detector with direct lightning protection design

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ice prevention and removal, and particularly relates to an icing detector with a direct thunder and lightning protection design. An icing detector of a traditional structure cannot bear the direct thunder and lightning effect required by the 1A area. According to the icing detector with the direct lightning protection design, a heater in a vibration head is of a multi-layer structure, the innermost portion is used for guaranteeing heating and deicing after the vibration head is iced through a heating wire, and an outer layer copper sleeve is used for lightning diversion. The vibration head is directly contacted with the base, and the copper gasket between the vibration head and the base increases the contact area of the vibration head and the base, thereby facilitating lightning diversion. The sealing structure at the tail part of the vibration head heater is directly adhered to the inner wall of the base, and after lightning acts on the vibration head, a part of current is guided into the base through the sealing structure, so that the damage of the lightning to the vibration head is reduced. The icing detector can withstand the influence of the direct effect of thunder and lightning by increasing the diversion area and reducing the thermal expansion effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of anti-icing, and in particular relates to an ice detector with direct lightning protection design. Background Art

[0002] Lightning is one of the most threatening natural disasters to humans. The lightning voltage can reach more than 100 million volts, and about 2% of lightning currents are as high as 200kA or more, releasing hundreds of megajoules of energy. The development of the information age has brought more advanced aviation electronic equipment. Once these devices are damaged by lightning, the system may fail at best, or the equipment may be permanently damaged at worst. The subsequent indirect economic losses and even casualties are unimaginable.

[0003] As an important electronic device that is semi-exposed and installed to detect whether an aircraft is iced, the ice detector is usually installed at the nose of the aircraft, which belongs to the 1A area of ​​the aircraft's lightning attachment area and is the first part of the aircraft to be damaged when lightning strikes the aircraft. If the ice detector is damaged by direct lightning, it will seriously affect the aircraft's ability to detect icing environments and may even threaten the safety of the crew and the aircraft's combat capability.

[0004] Traditional ice detectors such as Figure 1-2 As shown, the vibration head is first welded to the vibration tube to form a vibration head assembly, and then the vibration tube is fixed to the base through a pressure plate. The vibration head and the end face of the base are sealed by a sealing ring, and the coil assembly and magnet that drive the vibration head are installed in the vibration tube. The space volume at the tail of the vibration head is small. After the vibration head is struck by lightning, the internal air expands due to heat in a limited space, which may cause it to be unable to be discharged in time. There is a risk of the vibration head exploding due to air thermal expansion. The traditional structure of the ice detector can withstand the direct lightning effect of a current component of up to 150kA. When subjected to stronger lightning, the vibration head used for detection will be severely damaged and cannot withstand the direct lightning effect required by the 1A area. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ice detector with a direct lightning protection design. The heater inside the vibration head is a multi-layer structure. The innermost part is used to ensure heating and de-icing of the vibration head after ice formation, and the outer copper sleeve is used for lightning conduction. The vibration head is directly installed in contact with the base, and the copper gasket between the two increases the contact area between the vibration head and the base, which is beneficial to lightning conduction. The sealing structure at the tail of the vibration head heater is directly bonded to the inner wall of the base. After lightning acts on the vibration head, part of the current is introduced into the base through the sealing structure, reducing the damage caused by lightning to the vibration head.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: an ice detector with a direct lightning protection design, the base has three independent mounting holes, which are respectively equipped with a vibration head, a base heater and a magnet, wherein the vibration head includes a vibration head shell and a vibration head heater, the outer end of the vibration head shell extends out of the base, the bottom of the inner end of the vibration head shell is supported in the base by a spring and a pressure plate, and a coil assembly and a copper gasket are mounted on the inner end of the vibration head shell, and the vibration head is in contact with the base through a lap gasket; the vibration head heater is a four-layer linear structure, which is a heating wire, an insulating layer, a molding layer and a conductive layer from the inside to the outside, and a sealing structure is provided at the end of the vibration head heater.

[0007] Advantageously, the vibration head is a tubular structure with a boss in the middle, which is embedded in the stepped hole of the base, and the inner tubular structure is provided with symmetrical lead-out holes.

[0008] Advantageously, the overlapping gasket is in close contact with the inner wall surface of the base and has an opening for inserting the vibration head.

[0009] Advantageously, the overlapping gasket is a Y-shaped structure made of brass, the groove clamps the vibration head shell and is bonded by conductive glue, and the overlapping gasket and the base are bonded by conductive glue.

[0010] Advantageously, the base has a flange and has six mounting holes.

[0011] Advantageously, the vibrating head and the stepped hole of the base are sealed with conductive glue.

[0012] Advantageously, the sealing structure and the mating surface of the base are bonded together by conductive adhesive.

[0013] Advantageously, the sealing structure is a tubular structure, which is welded to the end of the vibration head heater to facilitate wire welding.

[0014] Advantages of the present invention: Compared with the traditional ice detector, the layout and structure of the vibration head and heater of the present invention are redesigned. The traditional vibration head needs to be welded with the vibration tube and then installed on the base through the vibration tube. The vibration head of the present invention can be directly installed on the base. The vibration head is directly installed on the base through the boss in the middle part, and a Y-shaped overlap gasket is set on the installation end face, thereby increasing the diversion area between the vibration head and the base, which is beneficial to the diversion of lightning current. A layer of copper sleeve is set at the contact part between the outermost layer of the vibration head heater and the inner wall of the vibration head. After the vibration head is struck by lightning, part of the external lightning current can be diverted through the copper sleeve. The sealing structure of the tail of the vibration head heater is tightly attached to the inner wall of the base. By increasing the contact area between the vibration head heater and the base, it is beneficial to introduce the lightning current into the shell in time. After the traditional vibration head is welded with the vibration tube, the space formed at the tail of the vibration head is small in volume. After the vibration head is struck by lightning, the internal air expands due to heat in a limited space, which may cause it to be unable to be discharged in time. There is a risk of explosion of the vibration head due to air thermal expansion. The structure designed in the present invention enables the ice detector to withstand the influence of the direct effect of lightning mainly by increasing the guide area and reducing the thermal expansion effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is the traditional ice detector vibrating head structure;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a front view cross-sectional view of a conventional ice detector;

[0017] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of the ice detector of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 is a front cross-sectional view of the ice detector of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 is a bottom view of the ice detector of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 This is the structural diagram of the ice detector vibrating head;

[0021] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional picture of the ice detector vibrating head;

[0022] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the ice detector vibrating head heater;

[0023] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the lap gasket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The present invention provides an ice detector structure with direct lightning protection design, see Figure 3-5 , including a vibration head 1, a lap gasket 2, a coil assembly 3, a copper washer 4, a vibration head heater 5, an insulating washer 6, a spring 7, a base 8, a base heater 9, a magnet 10 and a pressing plate 11.

[0026] The base 8 is mainly used to install the vibration head 1 and provides 6 mounting holes for the onboard installation of the ice detector. The base 8 is provided with a flange to increase the contact area between the ice detector and the aircraft skin, thereby achieving the purpose of lightning diversion. The base 8 is also provided with a cavity, which can be used to install the base heater 9 and the magnet 10.

[0027] The vibration head 1 is directly matched with the base 8 via the boss, and the bottom of the vibration head 1 is supported in the base 8 via the spring 7 . Figure 4 The mating surface at point A shown in the figure is sealed with conductive glue to ensure the conductivity and sealing performance between the two; Figure 5 At B, the end sealing structure 14 of the vibration head heater 5 is bonded to the mating surface of the base 8 by conductive adhesive. The overlapping gasket 2 is bonded to the vibration head 1 and the base 8 by conductive adhesive to increase the contact area between the vibration head 1 and the base 8, which is beneficial to lightning conduction.

[0028] See also Figure 6 The vibration head 1 includes a vibration head housing 12 and a vibration head heater 5. The vibration head housing 12 is a three-section structure. Figure 7 The front and rear sections are both tubular structures, the rear section is slightly longer than the front section and has symmetrical lead-out holes on both sides of the rear section, and the middle section is a boss for mounting and fixing on the base 8. The section exposed from the base is used to sense the icing condition, and the section located inside the base is used to support components such as the coil assembly 3 and the copper washer 4. The vibration head housing 12 is provided with a vibration head heater lead-out hole, which facilitates the vibration head heater 5 to be led out from the lead-out hole and then sealed and connected to the circuit part.

[0029] The vibration head heater 5 is a four-layer linear structure. The innermost layer is the heating wire 15, which is used for heating and de-icing on the vibration head. The second layer is an insulating layer, which is used to isolate the heating wire 15 and ensure the insulation resistance performance of the vibration head heater 5. The third layer is a molding layer 16, which is used to ensure that the shape of the vibration head heater 5 meets the use requirements. The outermost layer is a conductive layer 13, which is used to share the direct lightning current borne by the vibration head shell 12.

[0030] The end of the vibration head heater 5 also has a sealing structure 14, see Figure 8 The sealing structure 14 is a tubular structure, which is welded to the end of the vibration head heater 5 and is convenient for wire welding. The outer wall of the sealing structure 14 is bonded to the inner wall of the base 8 by conductive adhesive, which plays the role of fixing the vibration head heater 5 and ensuring the grounding between the vibration head heater 5 and the base 8, which is beneficial to the lightning diversion effect.

[0031] See also Fig. 9 The overlapping gasket 2 is a Y-shaped structure made of brass. After the inner diameter of the groove of the overlapping gasket 2 clamps the vibration head shell 12, it is bonded to the boss end face of the vibration head shell 12 and the inner wall of the base 8 through conductive glue, thereby increasing the contact area between the vibration head shell 12 and the base 8, ensuring good conductivity between the vibration head and the base 8.

Claims

1. An ice detector with direct lightning protection design, characterized in that: The base (8) has three independent mounting holes, on which a vibration head (1), a base heater (9) and a magnet (10) are respectively mounted. The vibration head (1) comprises a vibration head shell (12) and a vibration head heater (5). The outer end of the vibration head shell (12) extends out of the base (8). The inner bottom of the vibration head shell (12) is supported in the base (8) by a spring (7) and a pressure plate (11). The inner end of the vibration head shell (12) is provided with a coil assembly (3) and a copper gasket (4). The vibration head (1) is in contact with the base (8) via a lap gasket (2). The vibration head heater (5) is a four-layer linear structure, which comprises a heating wire (15), an insulating layer, a molding layer (16) and a conductive layer (13) from the inside to the outside. A sealing structure (14) is provided at the end of the vibration head heater (5).

2. The ice detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration head (1) is a tubular structure and has a boss in the middle, which is embedded in the stepped hole of the base (8), and the internal tubular structure is provided with symmetrical lead-out holes.

3. The ice detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overlapping gasket (2) is in close contact with the inner wall surface of the base (8) and has an opening for inserting the vibration head (1).

4. The ice detector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The overlapping gasket (2) is a Y-shaped structure made of brass, the groove clamps the vibration head shell (12) and is bonded by conductive glue, and the overlapping gasket (2) and the base (8) are bonded by conductive glue.

5. The ice detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (8) has a flange and 6 mounting holes.

6. The ice detector according to claim 2, characterized in that: Conductive glue is used to seal the vibrating head (1) and the stepped hole of the base (8).

7. The ice detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing structure (14) and the matching surface of the base (8) are bonded by conductive adhesive.

8. The ice detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing structure (14) is a tubular structure, which is welded to the end of the vibration head heater (5) to facilitate wire welding.

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