Material turning device for aerobic composting and layered turning method

Abstract

The present application relates to aerobic composting technical field, specifically to a kind of material for aerobic composting and layering turner and layering turner method.The material for aerobic composting and layering turner includes walking mechanism, support frame and turner, and turner includes first turner roller assembly and second turner roller assembly, first turner roller assembly is higher than second turner roller assembly, and the material that enters into turner channel forms layering turner, second turner roller assembly includes roller shaft, cutter structure and the adjusting structure for driving cutter structure along the radial direction of roller shaft to stretch out and draw back, adjusting structure's stretch-out component is coaxially arranged with roller shaft, for driving adjusting rod along the axial movement of roller shaft, adjusting rod is provided with the mounting seat corresponding with cutter structure, and cutter structure is connected with mounting seat by connecting rod.The material for aerobic composting and layering turner improves turner effect, improves the uniformity of turner material, reduces energy consumption, shortens the fermentation period of aerobic composting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerobic composting technology, specifically to a material turning and turning device and a layered turning and turning method for aerobic composting. Background Technology

[0002] Aerobic composting is a composting technology that utilizes aerobic microorganisms to decompose and transform organic solid waste under aerobic conditions. For example, windrow aerobic composting involves piling raw materials into windrows and composting them under natural or forced ventilation. This method is suitable for small-scale composting and requires regular turning to ensure ventilation and uniform decomposition of materials. Composting raw materials mainly include organic waste. Straw-like materials usually need to be chopped or crushed to increase the surface area, which is beneficial for microbial attachment and decomposition, accelerating the composting process.

[0003] Turning the compost pile is a crucial step in windrow aerobic composting. Multiple turnings are typically required during the composting process. Turning improves the aeration of the compost pile, allowing the materials inside to fully contact oxygen, and also makes the temperature and humidity more uniform throughout the pile. Current technologies usually employ mechanical turning equipment for this operation. For example, after the turner's blades contact the pile, as the machine advances, the blades gradually cut into the pile, chopping the materials and turning them upwards or to one side. This process moves materials from the outside of the pile to the inside, and vice versa, achieving a uniform mixture of materials.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned mechanical composting equipment has the following defects in actual use: 1. When the single-roller structure is used for composting, the material turning range is relatively limited, making it difficult to ensure that the material in the entire windrow is fully and evenly turned, thus affecting the overall composting process and quality stability; 2. When there are large differences in the texture, moisture or composition of the material, the single-roller composting machine is difficult to flexibly adjust the turning parameters to adapt, especially when encountering materials with high fiber content (such as composting raw materials mixed with a large amount of straw). The single-roller structure is difficult to effectively chop and turn the material, resulting in the material clumping or wrapping on the roller, affecting the normal operation of the equipment and the turning effect; 3. The blade structure on the roller shaft is relatively fixed and cannot flexibly change the cutting depth, making it difficult to effectively chop and turn the composting raw materials, and even the blades may be damaged. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a turning device for the process of aerobic composting of windrows, so as to improve the turning effect, increase the uniformity of the turned material, reduce energy consumption, and shorten the fermentation cycle of aerobic composting.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, in a first aspect, the present invention proposes a material turning and throwing device for aerobic composting, comprising a walking mechanism, a support frame and a turning and throwing component, wherein the support frame is mounted on the walking mechanism, a turning and throwing channel for turning and throwing materials is provided between the support frames, the turning and throwing component is arranged in the turning and throwing channel, and a power device for driving the turning and throwing component is provided on the support frame.

[0007] The turning and churning assembly includes a first turning and churning roller assembly and a second turning and churning roller assembly. The first turning and churning roller assembly and the second turning and churning roller assembly are arranged sequentially from front to back in the turning and churning channel along the traveling direction of the traveling mechanism. The first turning and churning roller assembly is higher than the second turning and churning roller assembly, so as to form a layered turning and churning of the material entering the turning and churning channel.

[0008] The first turning and throwing roller assembly is used to turn and throw the upper layer material in the turning and throwing channel and throw the upper layer material to the second turning and throwing roller assembly. The second turning and throwing roller assembly is used to turn and throw the lower layer material in the turning and throwing channel and mix the upper layer material and the lower layer material.

[0009] The second turning and polishing roller assembly includes a roller shaft, a cutter structure, and an adjustment structure for driving the cutter structure to extend and retract radially along the roller shaft. The roller shaft has an adjustment cavity inside, the adjustment structure is arranged inside the adjustment cavity, and the roller shaft has a through groove for embedding the cutter structure on its side wall.

[0010] The adjustment structure includes a telescopic component, an adjusting rod, and a connecting rod. The telescopic component is coaxially arranged with the roller shaft and is used to drive the adjusting rod to move along the axial direction of the roller shaft. The adjusting rod is provided with a mounting seat corresponding to the cutter structure. The cutter structure is connected to the mounting seat through the connecting rod.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention also proposes a layered turning method using the above-mentioned material turning device for aerobic composting, comprising the following steps:

[0012] During the turning process, as the traveling mechanism moves along the material pile, the first and second turning roller assemblies, located in the turning channel and moving from front to back along the direction of travel, begin to work. The first turning roller assembly first turns the upper layer of material that enters the turning channel, and then throws the upper layer of material to the second turning roller assembly behind it through its own rotation.

[0013] The second turning and tumbling roller assembly operates synchronously to turn and tumble the lower layer of material. Its roller shaft drives the cutter structure to rotate. During the rotation, the cutter structure cuts into the lower layer of material, which is turned, cut, and broken up, thereby realizing the turning and tumbling of the lower layer of material. At the same time, the upper layer of material thrown down from the first turning and tumbling roller assembly and the lower layer of material turned and tumbled by the second turning and tumbling roller assembly meet and mix with each other in the working area of ​​the second turning and tumbling roller assembly. The rotation of the second turning and tumbling roller assembly further promotes the full interweaving and stirring of the upper and lower layer of material, so that the material forms an overall turning and mixing effect in the turning and tumbling channel, forming a layered turning and tumbling and uniform mixing.

[0014] The telescopic component drives the adjusting rod to move axially along the roller shaft according to the actual situation of the material being turned and thrown, which in turn drives the cutter structure to extend and retract radially along the roller shaft. This changes the length of the cutter structure extending out of the through groove on the side wall of the roller shaft, thereby changing the range of the working area of ​​the second turning and throwing roller assembly and adjusting the depth of turning and throwing the lower layer of material so as to better turn and mix the upper and lower layers of material.

[0015] The material turning and composing device and layered turning and composing method for aerobic composting provided by this invention have the following outstanding substantive features and significant progress compared with the prior art:

[0016] 1. The material turning and turning device for aerobic composting achieves layered turning and turning of materials by setting a first turning and turning roller assembly and a second turning and turning roller assembly arranged sequentially from front to back in the turning and turning channel at different heights. The upper layer of material is first efficiently turned and precisely thrown by the first turning roller assembly to the second turning roller assembly, where it mixes with the lower layer of material turned by the second turning roller assembly. This layered processing ensures that both the upper and lower layers of material are fully turned. Compared with traditional single-roller or general turning methods, the uniformity and thoroughness of turning are greatly improved, energy consumption is reduced, oxygen distribution during aerobic composting is more uniform, the microbial fermentation process is accelerated, composting efficiency is improved, and the fermentation cycle of aerobic composting is shortened. At the same time, the telescopic component in the adjustment structure of the second turning roller assembly drives the adjustment rod to move axially, which in turn drives the cutter structure connected to the mounting base via the connecting rod to extend and retract radially along the roller shaft. This allows for flexible adjustment of the extension length of the cutter structure according to the material characteristics (such as material compaction, moisture, particle size, etc.) during the turning process, precisely controlling the turning depth and force of the lower layer of material. This adapts to different types and states of aerobic compost materials, improving the device's adaptability and processing effect for different materials.

[0017] 2. This layered turning and turning method utilizes the first and second turning and turning roller assemblies to achieve layered turning and turning of materials with adjustable depth and force. The materials are mixed more evenly during the turning and turning process, and each part of the material has more sufficient contact with air, making the microbial decomposition in the aerobic composting process more balanced and efficient. This is conducive to more fully converting the organic matter in the materials into humus and other beneficial components, reducing the residue of uncomposted materials, and thus improving the quality of the final compost product. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a material turning and turning device for aerobic composting in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The left view.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first and second turning roller assemblies in the turning channel in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the second turning and throwing roller assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1. Walking mechanism; 2. Support frame; 3. Tilting assembly; 4. Tilting channel; 5. Spiral blade; 31. First tiling roller assembly; 32. Second tiling roller assembly; 321. Roller shaft; 322. Cutter structure; 323. Adjustment cavity; 324. Telescopic component; 325. Adjusting rod; 326. Connecting rod; 3221. Cutter holder; 3222. Blade; 3223. Limiting seat. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figures 1-4 As shown in the embodiments of the present invention, a material turning device and layered turning method for aerobic composting are proposed, which aims to improve the turning effect of the material in the process of aerobic composting of windrow piles, improve the uniformity of the turned material, reduce energy consumption, and shorten the fermentation cycle of aerobic composting.

[0025] The material turning and turning device for aerobic composting proposed in this embodiment of the invention achieves layered turning and turning of materials by setting up a first turning roller assembly and a second turning roller assembly arranged sequentially from front to back in the turning channel at different heights. The upper layer of material is first efficiently turned and precisely thrown to the second turning roller assembly by the first turning roller assembly, and then mixed with the lower layer of material turned by the second turning roller assembly. This layered treatment ensures that both the upper and lower layers of material are fully turned. Compared with the traditional single roller or general turning method, the uniformity and thoroughness of turning are greatly improved, energy consumption is reduced, oxygen distribution during aerobic composting is promoted, the microbial fermentation process is accelerated, composting efficiency is improved, and the fermentation cycle of aerobic composting is shortened.

[0026] like Figure 1 Combination Figure 2 As shown, a material turning device for aerobic composting includes a traveling mechanism 1, a support frame 2, and a turning assembly 3. The support frame 2 is mounted on the traveling mechanism 1. A turning channel 4 for turning materials is provided between the support frames 2. The turning assembly 3 is arranged within the turning channel 4. A power device for driving the turning assembly 3 is provided on the support frame 2. For example, the output end of the power device transmits power to the turning assembly 3 through a chain drive mechanism.

[0027] like Figure 1 Combination Figure 3 As shown, the turning and tumbling assembly 3 includes a first turning and tumbling roller assembly 31 and a second turning and tumbling roller assembly 32. The first turning and tumbling roller assembly 31 and the second turning and tumbling roller assembly 32 are arranged sequentially from front to back within the turning and tumbling channel 4 along the traveling direction of the traveling mechanism 1. The first turning and tumbling roller assembly 31 is higher than the second turning and tumbling roller assembly 32, forming a layered turning and tumbling of the material entering the turning and tumbling channel 4. Figure 3 The direction indicated by the middle arrow is the direction of travel of the walking mechanism 1.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown, the first turning roller assembly 31 is used to turn and throw the upper layer of material in the turning channel 4, and throw the upper layer of material towards the second turning roller assembly 32. The second turning roller assembly 32 is used to turn and throw the lower layer of material in the turning channel 4, and to turn and mix the upper layer of material and the lower layer of material. The first turning roller assembly 31 and the second turning roller assembly 32 have the same structure.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the second turning and polishing roller assembly 32 includes a roller shaft 321, a cutter structure 322, and an adjustment structure for driving the cutter structure 322 to extend and retract radially along the roller shaft 321. An adjustment cavity 323 is provided inside the roller shaft 321. The adjustment structure is disposed within the adjustment cavity 323. A through groove for embedding the cutter structure 322 is provided on the side wall of the roller shaft 321.

[0030] The adjustment structure includes a telescopic component 324, an adjusting rod 325, and a connecting rod 326. The telescopic component 324 is coaxially arranged with the roller shaft 321 and is used to drive the adjusting rod 325 to move axially along the roller shaft 321. A mounting seat corresponding to the cutter structure 322 is provided on the adjusting rod 325. The cutter structure 322 is connected to the mounting seat via the connecting rod 326.

[0031] In the second turning and composting roller assembly 32, the telescopic component 324 in the adjustment structure drives the adjusting rod 325 to move axially, which in turn drives the cutter structure 322, which is connected to the mounting base via the connecting rod 326, to extend and retract radially along the roller shaft 321. This allows for flexible adjustment of the extension length of the cutter structure 322 according to the material characteristics (such as the material's compactness, moisture content, and particle size) during the material turning and composting process. This enables precise control of the turning and composting depth and force on the lower layer of material, making it suitable for different types and states of aerobic composting materials and improving the device's adaptability and processing effect on different materials.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the tool structure 322 includes a tool holder 3221 and a cutting blade 3222. The tool holder 3221 is connected to a mounting base via a connecting rod 326. The cutting blade 3222 is mounted on the tool holder 3221. A limiting seat 3223 is provided at the through slot to restrict the movement of the tool holder 3221 along the axial direction of the roller shaft 321. The tool holder 3221 has a sliding end face for connecting with the limiting seat 3223.

[0033] In this way, during the high-speed rotation of the second turning roller assembly 32 to turn the material, the blade holder 3221 can maintain a stable position, avoiding uneven force on the blade 3222 due to axial movement, generating additional vibration, or collision and wear with the roller shaft 321 and other components, thus ensuring the continuity and efficiency of aerobic composting material turning operations.

[0034] The cooperation between the limiting seat 3223 and the cutter holder 3221 enables precise positioning of the cutter structure 322. The blade 3222 can always cut into the material at a predetermined angle and position, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the turning and throwing of the lower layer of material. No matter how the rotation speed of the roller 321 changes, or what kind of reaction force the material exerts on the cutter, the blade 3222 can maintain its correct posture in the radial and circumferential directions of the roller 321, thereby efficiently completing the tasks of cutting, turning and mixing the lower layer of material.

[0035] In addition, when the adjustment structure drives the cutter structure 322 to extend and retract radially along the roller shaft 321 to adapt to different material characteristics, the cutter holder 3221 will not interfere with the accuracy of radial extension and retraction due to axial displacement. This allows for precise adjustment of the extension length of the blade 3222 according to the material conditions, further enhancing the adaptability and processing capacity of the second turning roller assembly 32 to different materials. This ensures that the ideal layering and turning effect can be achieved under various material conditions, improving the application flexibility and effectiveness of the entire material turning device in different aerobic composting scenarios.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, multiple cutter structures 322 are arranged in a linear array along the axial direction of the roller shaft 321 to form a turning and polishing unit. Multiple sets of turning and polishing units are arranged in a ring on the side wall of the roller shaft 321, and adjacent turning and polishing units are staggered. This arrangement ensures that there is sufficient cutter distribution density in the axial direction of the roller shaft 321, which can perform a comprehensive turning and polishing operation on the lower layer of material and avoid any missed areas in the turning and polishing of material in the axial direction.

[0037] Multiple sets of turning and tumbling units are arranged in a ring on the side wall of roller 321, achieving complete coverage of the material in the circumferential direction of roller 321. This ensures that no matter what angle the roller 321 rotates to, the blades will always be in contact with the material and turning it over. Furthermore, the staggered arrangement of adjacent turning and tumbling units further optimizes this coverage effect, effectively reducing dead zones in material turning caused by the regularity of blade arrangement. This ensures that the material receives uniform and thorough turning and tumbling throughout the entire turning and tumbling channel 4, greatly improving the uniformity and thoroughness of material turning. This facilitates full contact between microorganisms and materials during aerobic composting, accelerates the composting reaction process, and improves compost quality.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a spiral blade 5 is provided at the end of the roller 321. The spiral blade 5 is used to push the material located nearby along the spiral direction. For the material entering the turning channel 4, especially in the area near the end of the roller 321, the spiral blade 5 can effectively gather the relatively dispersed material into the main working area of ​​the turning assembly 3, ensuring that more material can be fully turned by the cutter structure 322, reducing the loss of material during the turning process, and improving the overall production capacity of aerobic composting.

[0039] To monitor the material turning process, a pressure sensor is installed between the roller 321 and the support frame 2. For example, the roller 321 is mounted on the support frame 2 via a bearing housing. The pressure sensor detects changes in resistance experienced by the roller 321 during material turning. Operators can obtain resistance data on the roller 321 at any time, providing a clear understanding of the actual material turning situation. For instance, if the pressure sensor detects a sudden increase in resistance, it indicates the presence of large foreign objects or excessive material buildup, allowing for timely detection of potential problems and implementation of appropriate measures. This prevents equipment damage or poor turning results due to persistent abnormalities, ensuring stable turning operations and normal equipment operation.

[0040] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the control module of the telescopic component 324 is used to receive resistance change information detected by the pressure sensor. Based on the resistance change information, the control module drives the telescopic component 324 to move the adjusting rod 325 axially along the roller shaft 321. In this way, the second turning roller assembly 32 can automatically adjust the cutter structure 322 according to the resistance change, avoiding equipment overload or malfunction caused by sudden changes in material properties. The control module can quickly respond to resistance changes and adjust the cutter position in a timely manner, ensuring that the equipment always operates within a reasonable load range, maintaining a stable operating state, reducing downtime due to equipment failure, improving the continuity and reliability of aerobic composting production, reducing equipment maintenance costs and production operation risks, and ensuring the smooth operation of the entire composting process.

[0041] In the material turning and turning device for aerobic composting proposed in this embodiment of the invention, during the turning and turning process, as the traveling mechanism 1 moves along the material pile, the first turning and turning roller assembly 31 and the second turning and turning roller assembly 32, located in the turning and turning channel 4 and moving from front to back along the direction of travel, begin to work. The first turning and turning roller assembly 31 first turns and turns the upper layer of material entering the turning and turning channel 4, and then throws the upper layer of material toward the second turning and turning roller assembly 32 behind it through its own rotation.

[0042] The second turning and tumbling roller assembly 32 operates synchronously to turn and tumble the lower layer of material. Its roller shaft 321 drives the cutter structure 322 to rotate. During the rotation, the cutter structure 322 cuts into the lower layer of material, turning, cutting, and breaking it up, thus achieving the turning and tumbling of the lower layer of material. At the same time, the upper layer of material thrown down from the first turning and tumbling roller assembly 31 meets and mixes with the lower layer of material turned by the second turning and tumbling roller assembly 32 within the working area of ​​the second turning and tumbling roller assembly 32. The rotation of the second turning and tumbling roller assembly 32 further promotes the full interweaving and stirring of the upper and lower layer of material, so that the material forms an overall turning and mixing effect within the turning and tumbling channel 4, forming a layered turning and tumbling and uniform mixing.

[0043] The telescopic component 324 drives the adjusting rod 325 to move axially along the roller shaft 321 according to the actual situation of the material being turned and thrown. This causes the cutter structure 322 to extend and retract radially along the roller shaft 321, thereby changing the length of the cutter structure 322 extending out of the through groove on the side wall of the roller shaft 321 and changing the range of the working area of ​​the second turning and throwing roller assembly 32. This adjusts the depth of turning and throwing the lower layer of material so as to better turn and mix the upper and lower layers of material.

[0044] This invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments. Besides the above embodiments, this invention may have other implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A material turning device for aerobic composting, comprising a walking mechanism, a support frame and a turning assembly, the support frame is installed on the walking mechanism, a turning channel for turning the material is arranged between the support frames, the turning assembly is arranged in the turning channel, and a power device for driving the turning assembly is arranged on the support frame. characterized in that The turning assembly comprises a first turning roller assembly and a second turning roller assembly, the first turning roller assembly and the second turning roller assembly are arranged in sequence from front to back along the direction of travel of the walking mechanism in the turning channel, the first turning roller assembly is higher than the second turning roller assembly, and the first turning roller assembly forms layered turning for the material entering the turning channel. The first turning roller assembly is used for turning the upper layer of material in the turning channel and throwing the upper layer of material to the second turning roller assembly, and the second turning roller assembly is used for turning the lower layer of material in the turning channel and mixing the upper layer of material and the lower layer of material. The second turning roller assembly comprises a roller shaft, a cutter structure and an adjusting structure for driving the cutter structure to stretch and contract in the radial direction of the roller shaft, the inside of the roller shaft is provided with an adjusting cavity, the adjusting structure is arranged in the adjusting cavity, and a through slot for embedding the cutter structure is arranged on the side wall of the roller shaft. The adjusting structure comprises a stretching and contracting component, an adjusting rod and a connecting rod, the stretching and contracting component is coaxially arranged with the roller shaft and is used for driving the adjusting rod to move in the axial direction of the roller shaft, the adjusting rod is provided with a mounting seat corresponding to the cutter structure, and the cutter structure is connected with the mounting seat through the connecting rod. The roller shaft is installed on the support frame through a bearing seat, a pressure sensor is arranged between the bearing seat and the support frame, and the pressure sensor is used for detecting the change of resistance of the roller shaft during the turning of the material. A control module of the stretching and contracting component is used for receiving the resistance change information detected by the pressure sensor, and the control module drives the stretching and contracting component to drive the adjusting rod to move in the axial direction of the roller shaft according to the resistance change information.

2. The material-turning device for aerobic composting according to claim 1, characterized by The cutter structure comprises a cutter seat and a cutter blade, the cutter seat is connected with the mounting seat through the connecting rod, the cutter blade is installed on the cutter seat, a limiting seat for limiting the movement of the cutter seat in the axial direction of the roller shaft is arranged at the through slot, and a sliding end surface for connecting with the limiting seat is arranged on the cutter seat.

3. The material-turning device for aerobic composting according to claim 1, characterized by A plurality of cutter structures are arranged in linear array along the axial direction of the roller shaft to form a turning unit, a plurality of turning units are arranged in a ring shape on the side wall of the roller shaft, and adjacent turning units are arranged in a staggered manner.

4. The material-turning device for aerobic composting according to claim 3, characterized by The end of the roller shaft is provided with a spiral blade.

5. The material-turning device for aerobic composting according to claim 1, characterized by The first turning roller assembly and the second turning roller assembly have the same structure.

6. The method of layer turning according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein Comprising: During the turning process, as the walking mechanism travels along the material pile, the first turning roller assembly and the second turning roller assembly located in the turning channel and arranged from front to back along the direction of travel start to work, the first turning roller assembly first turns the upper layer of material entering the turning channel and throws the upper layer of material to the second turning roller assembly behind through its rotation. The second turn-over roller assembly synchronously operates to turn over the lower layer of material. The roller shaft drives the cutter structure to rotate. The cutter structure cuts into the lower layer of material during the rotation process. The lower layer of material is turned over, cut and scattered, thereby realizing the turn-over of the lower layer of material. Meanwhile, the upper layer of material falling from the first turn-over roller assembly meets and mixes with the lower layer of material turned over by the second turn-over roller assembly in the action area of the second turn-over roller assembly. The rotation of the second turn-over roller assembly further promotes the full interweaving and stirring of the upper layer of material and the lower layer of material, so that the material forms an overall turning and mixing effect in the turn-over channel, and forms a layered turn-over and uniform mixing. The telescopic part drives the adjusting rod to move along the axial direction of the roller shaft according to the actual situation of the turned-over material, drives the cutter structure to telescope along the radial direction of the roller shaft, and further changes the length of the cutter structure extending out of the side wall through groove of the roller shaft, changes the range of the action area of the second turn-over roller assembly, and adjusts the depth of the turn-over of the lower layer of material, so as to better turn over and mix the upper layer of material and the lower layer of material.

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