Bio-organic fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a bio-organic fertilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers. The biological organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 80 to 100 parts of mushroom residues, 30 to 40 parts of starch residues, 10 to 20 parts of straws and a complex microbial inoculant, the addition amount of the complex microbial inoculant is 1-4% of the total mass of the mushroom residues, the starch residues and the straws. According to the biological organic fertilizer, harmless treatment and recycling of agricultural waste can be achieved, new waste liquid and solid waste are not generated in the treatment process, few types of auxiliary materials are added, the cost is low, new substances possibly influencing the environment are not introduced, and the biological organic fertilizer is low in overall treatment difficulty, high in efficiency and environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizer, in particular to a bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural waste is a general term for waste discharged from agricultural production, agricultural product processing, livestock and poultry farming, and rural residents' daily life. The treatment and utilization of agricultural waste is a global issue, because burning or burying in the soil will cause air and water pollution and global warming. Therefore, turning agricultural waste into treasure, reducing pollution and utilizing it as a resource can meet the requirements of sustainable development.

[0003] The resource utilization of agricultural waste is generally divided into five categories: fertilizer utilization, feed utilization, energy utilization, raw material utilization and base material utilization, among which the fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste is the most common. At present, the fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste mainly involves composting agricultural waste to obtain organic fertilizer for agricultural planting. However, during the composting fermentation process, problems such as low fermentation temperature, long fermentation time, incomplete killing of pathogens and eggs, insufficient fermentation, and loss of nutrients often occur, resulting in limited promotion and application of the fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention: a biological organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of mushroom residue, 30-40 parts of starch residue, 10-20 parts of straw and a composite bacterial agent;

[0007] The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 1-4% of the total mass of mushroom residue, starch residue and straw.

[0008] Furthermore, the composite bacterial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus gelatinosa.

[0009] Furthermore, the preparation method of the composite bacterial agent comprises the following steps:

[0010] The strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus jelly-like are inoculated into a liquid culture medium respectively, and cultured by shaking to obtain activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus jelly-like;

[0011] The activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus gelatinosa are inoculated into a mixed bacterial fermentation medium at a volume ratio of 10:10:1, and fermented and cultured to obtain the composite bacterial agent.

[0012] Furthermore, the shaking culture temperature is 28°C, the rotation speed is 170r / min, and the time is 16h; and / or,

[0013] The fermentation culture temperature is 28-30°C, the pH is 7.0-7.2, the rotation speed is 180r / min, and the time is 55-65h; and / or,

[0014] The mixed bacteria fermentation medium is prepared with water and contains the following ingredients: 15-25 g / L soybean meal, 5-15 g / L corn flour and 0.5-1.5 g / L chloride salt.

[0015] Furthermore, the bio-organic fertilizer also includes: 15 to 20 parts of mineral complex and 2 to 3 parts of microbial complex.

[0016] Furthermore, the method for preparing the mineral complex comprises the following steps:

[0017] The trace elements and minerals are mixed and crushed, and then subjected to high-temperature steam treatment, and then starch solution is added to granulate to obtain composite particles A;

[0018] A mixture of Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut powder and corn powder is coated on the surface of the composite particles A to obtain composite particles B;

[0019] The aqueous acrylic acid solution is sprayed on the surface of the composite particles B, and the mineral composite is obtained after low-temperature drying.

[0020] Further, the trace elements include the following components in parts by mass: 2-3 parts of borax, 6-8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 4-6 parts of manganese sulfate, 3-4 parts of manganese sulfate and 2-3 parts of ammonium molybdate; and / or,

[0021] The mineral comprises calcite; and / or,

[0022] The mass ratio of the trace elements to the minerals is 1:(2-5); and / or,

[0023] The steam high temperature treatment has a temperature of 85-95°C, a humidity of 90-95%, and a time of 30-60 minutes; and / or,

[0024] The particle size of the composite particles A is 3 to 4 mm.

[0025] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the composite particles A, Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut cake powder and corn powder is 20:0.5:0.5:2:1; and / or,

[0026] The concentration of the aqueous acrylic acid solution is 12 to 15 wt.%; and / or,

[0027] The ratio of the composite particles B to the aqueous acrylic acid solution is 20 g:1.5 mL; and / or,

[0028] Through high-temperature steam treatment, trace elements can be adsorbed and stored in the honeycomb pores of calcite, which can avoid the loss of trace elements. At the same time, trace elements can chelate the amino acids produced by Brevibacterium flavum, continuously providing trace elements and amino acids to plants, avoiding the problem of nutritional imbalance in biological organic fertilizers.

[0029] Brevibacterium flavum can release lysine and glutamic acid. Among them, lysine is a key amino acid for synthesizing chlorophyll. Adequate lysine can increase the chlorophyll content in plant leaves, thereby enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis. In addition, lysine can also enhance the tolerance of plants to environmental stress and help plants better cope with various environmental pressures; glutamic acid can not only significantly stimulate plant growth, but also improve the adaptability of plants to adverse environmental conditions, such as drought and low temperature. In addition, glutamic acid can also promote photosynthesis and help plants better utilize light energy for photosynthesis, thereby increasing plant biomass and yield.

[0030] The lactic acid bacteria in the mineral complex can grow and reproduce rapidly under the protection of the mineral complex, decompose calcite, provide plants with the minerals they need for growth, and promote plant growth and development.

[0031] The water-based acrylic acid on the surface of the mineral complex can slowly and continuously release the nutrients in the mineral complex, continuously providing nutrients to plants.

[0032] The microbial complex comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 8 parts of yeast, 6 to 8 parts of Trichoderma harzianum, 3 to 4 parts of Trichoderma viride and 5 to 6 parts of Penicillium truncatum.

[0033] Although mushroom residue as organic waste can increase the content of soil organic matter and improve soil permeability, there are still some substances or pathogens in mushroom residue that are harmful to plants; starch residue contains rich organic matter, which can provide nutrients for plants, but starch residue also contains heavy metals or other organic pollutants, which are not conducive to plant growth.

[0034] The yeast in the microbial complex can adsorb heavy metals to the cell surface or body through biosorption, thereby reducing their toxicity in the environment; Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride can decompose harmful substances such as organic pollutants; and Trichoderma citrinum can prevent and control a variety of pests and avoid pest problems caused by mushroom residue and starch residue.

[0035] Technical solution 2 of the present invention: A method for preparing the above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0036] The mushroom residue, starch residue, straw and composite bacterial agent are mixed evenly and then piled up for fermentation to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.

[0037] By adding compound bacterial agents for compost fermentation, the temperature of the compost can reach 68°C during fermentation, and the high temperature period can be maintained for 14 days, achieving harmless treatment and eliminating pathogens and insect eggs in the raw materials. After use, it can inhibit bacteria, prevent soil compaction, dissolve phosphorus and release potassium, fix nitrogen, and help rooting.

[0038] The present invention compounds mushroom residue and starch residue, which not only has complete nutritional elements but also can increase soil porosity and improve soil quality. The method of the present invention can promote compost maturity and shorten the composting cycle, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of the compost, realizing resource recycling, and solving the problems of insufficient nutrient utilization, long production cycle, incomplete nutritional composition of organic fertilizer products, environmental pollution, etc. in the existing composting fermentation process.

[0039] Technical solution three of the present invention: a method for preparing the above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0040] The mushroom residue, starch residue, straw and composite microbial agent are mixed evenly and then piled for fermentation, and then composite microorganisms are added and fermentation is continued to obtain fermented material;

[0041] The fermentation material and the mineral complex are mixed evenly to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.

[0042] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0043] The bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention can realize the harmless treatment and reuse of agricultural waste, does not generate new waste liquid and solid waste during the treatment process, has few types of auxiliary materials added, low cost and does not introduce new substances that may have an impact on the environment, and has low overall treatment difficulty, high efficiency and environmental friendliness.

[0044] The invention realizes the resource utilization and industrial application of agricultural wastes such as mushroom residues and starch residues, and provides an effective way and method for establishing a complete regenerative ecological system for sustainable agricultural development.

[0045] The invention solves the problems of heavy metal residues, organic pollutant residues and pest residues in mushroom residues and starch residues by adding a microbial complex into the biological organic fertilizer, thereby making better use of the mushroom residues and starch residues. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0048] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0050] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0051] The existing discovered ways of resource utilization of agricultural waste can be divided into five categories: fertilizer utilization, feed utilization, energy utilization, raw material utilization and base material utilization.

[0052] (1) Utilization of agricultural waste as fertilizer

[0053] The most common use of agricultural waste is fertilizer. Crop straw contains a large amount of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Studies have shown that after returning straw to the field, it can slowly release mineral nutrients under the action of soil microorganisms, increase the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), and increase the soil microbial biomass and microbial carbon content with fertilization. Under the condition of full return to the field, the amount of nitrogen (N) that can be returned by rice, wheat and corn straw can reach 56.9, 36.6 and 61.5 kg·hm -2 , accounting for 31.6%, 22.5% and 28.8% of the nitrogen fertilizer application in crop production; a study on the replacement of soil potassium by returning all straw to the field showed that the potassium fertilizer supply of rice, wheat and corn straw returning to the field in the same season could reach 152.6, 82.4 and 124.4 kg·hm K2O. -2 By making full use of straw resources, the soil potassium balance can be basically maintained without the need for additional potassium fertilizer. Hu Naijuan et al. (Hu Naijuan, Han Xinzhong, Yang Minfang, et al. Short-term effects of returning straw to the field on the content of active organic carbon components, enzyme activity and yield in rice-wheat rotation farmland [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015(2):7. DOI:10.11674 / zwyf.2015.0211.) showed that the use of straw as fertilizer can not only promote food production, but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Direct return of straw to the field is considered to be the most effective and fastest way to utilize straw. In addition, returning straw to the field through the stomach and returning straw to the field after composting are also important ways to utilize straw as fertilizer, but the current comprehensive utilization rate is low.

[0054] (2) Utilization of agricultural waste as feed

[0055] In recent years, there have been many studies on the utilization of straw as feed. For example, Wang Yajing et al. (Wang Yajing, Bi Yuyun, Gao Chunyu. The amount of straw resources that can be collected and utilized in China and its suitability evaluation [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science, 2010, 43 (9): 1852-1859. DOI: 10.3864 / j.issn.0578-1752.2010.09.011.) divided the suitability of straw for direct feeding into three levels based on the palatability and nutritional content of straw: relatively suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable. Through data analysis, it was found that the amount of straw that can be directly fed accounts for 75% of the total amount that can be collected. Although crop straw is rich in crude fiber, it has low content of nutrients such as crude protein, crude fat, and carbohydrates, poor palatability, and low digestibility. Generally, it is necessary to process the straw to improve its palatability, digestibility, and nutritional value. There are also many studies on the processing methods and technologies for straw feed utilization. The main processing methods include physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods; the main processing technologies include silage, yellow storage, micro-storage and alkalization / ammoniation.

[0056] (3) Energy Utilization of Agricultural Waste

[0057] Bi Yuyun (Bi Yuyun. Research on Evaluation and Utilization of Straw Resources [J]. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2010.) summarized the energy utilization of straw into straw gasification, straw solidification, straw carbonization, straw liquefaction and straw power generation (four chemical and one electricity), among which straw gasification is divided into straw biogasification (biogas) and straw pyrolysis gasification; straw liquefaction mainly refers to straw ethanol. Straw solidification refers to the use of specific equipment to compress crop straw into block, rod and other shaped fuels to increase its density and calorific value, and then use it for combustion or power generation. Straw carbonization is to make straw into biochar or organic charcoal, which can be used as fuel, and can also be further processed into activated carbon. Straw liquefaction is to use the lignin and cellulose contained in straw to generate sugar through reaction and then produce bioethanol. Straw power generation is to use the combustibility of biomass to replace coal direct combustion for power generation.

[0058] (4) Utilization of agricultural waste as raw materials

[0059] Existing literature on the utilization of agricultural waste as raw materials mainly focuses on agricultural straw. For example, crop straw can be used to make artificial boards or other composite materials. A variety of straw board products such as wheat straw particleboard, medium-density straw board, wheat straw fiberboard, grass / wood composite medium-density fiberboard, and lightweight composite wall materials have been successfully trial-produced. In addition, some special types of straw can be used to make high-value-added products such as xylitol and carboxymethyl cellulose. Cellulose, as a common natural organic compound, is traditionally derived from wood pulp and cotton and can be used in industries such as food, polymers, medicine, pulp, biofuels, paper, and textiles. The latest research shows that agricultural waste such as corn husks, sugarcane bagasse, and pineapple pomace can be used to extract regenerated cellulose. Studies have shown that using rice husk as raw material, removing lignin and hemicellulose contained in rice husk fibers through alkali treatment and bleaching treatment, rice husk cellulose is obtained. At 150°C, the cellulose yield is high, and the α-cellulose content is 86%.

[0060] (5) Utilization of agricultural waste as raw materials

[0061] The main path of using agricultural waste as a substrate is to use crop straw and livestock manure to make edible mushroom sticks, replacing wood substrates to produce edible mushrooms. Li Xiao et al. (Li Xiao, Li Xiaobo, Li Yu. The role of grass-rot fungi production in the prevention and control of agricultural waste pollution [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2009 (2): 3. DOI: CNKI: SUN: BFYY.0.2009-02-050.) found that common grass-rot fungi such as Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus blazei, Coprinus comatus and Volvariella volvacea can convert crop straw and livestock manure into mushroom body protein, fat and carbohydrates, that is, grass-rot fungi can use mushroom sticks produced from agricultural waste to produce edible mushrooms, and a large amount of crop straw and livestock manure can be converted every year. Among them, Coprinus comatus belongs to the pure grass type, Agaricus bisporus belongs to the feces grass type, and Agaricus blazei can use pure grass substrate or feces grass combined substrate, but the yield of Agaricus blazei using feces grass combined substrate is higher. Studies have found that corn stalks are rich in crude fiber, lignin, minerals, etc. After processing and fermentation, corn stalks can be used as the cultivation base material for edible fungi production, and can also be used to make mushroom sticks or compressed matrix blocks for edible fungi production. Li Xinzhu et al. (Li Xinzhu, Zeng Xianfu, Shen Ying, et al. The current situation and development trend of straw cultivation of edible fungi (review) [J]. Edible and Medicinal Fungi, 2015 (4): 3. DOI: CNKI: SUN: ZSYC. 0. 2015-04-006.) believe that agricultural waste is diverse and nutritious. The use of crop straw and livestock and poultry manure fermentation, factory production of base materials and distribution to farmers for edible fungi production not only solves the problem of crop straw recycling and utilization, but also increases the income of enterprises and farmers. Poultry and livestock manure as the main raw material can also be used as a base material for the production of edible fungi. Liu Benhong et al. (Liu Benhong, Gan Bingcheng, Huang Zhongqian, et al. Special mushroom base material using chicken manure as raw material and its production method. 2006[2024-11-05].DOI:CN1736156 A.) used dry chicken manure as the main raw material, supplemented with urea, superphosphate, potassium fertilizer and gypsum to produce special mushroom base material. It was found that the mushrooms produced by this base material were uniform, the proportion of commercial mushrooms was increased by 20%, the raw material cost was low, the use was convenient, and the pollution of chicken manure to the environment could be eliminated. Wu Yazhao et al. (Wu Yazhao, Zhang Wenjun, Lei Ping, et al. Screening experiment on formula for cultivating Agrocybe aegerita using apple tree branch sawdust [J]. Northwest Horticulture: Comprehensive, 2018(3):3. DOI:CNKI:SUN:XBYY.0.2018-03-041.) found that the cultivation of Agrocybe aegerita using apple tree branch sawdust discarded from orchard pruning as the main base material combined with cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour and other auxiliary materials resulted in good mycelium growth, high fresh mushroom yield and high biological conversion rate.

[0062] Although agricultural waste has high resource utilization value, the cost of processing and recycling agricultural waste is relatively high. The existing technical equipment level for recycling agricultural waste is relatively backward, resulting in low resource utilization rate of agricultural waste, or low high value-added utilization rate. Therefore, the potential for resource utilization of agricultural waste is large, but the resistance is strong. How to achieve high-value utilization of agricultural waste is the direction of efforts of relevant researchers.

[0063] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, "parts" are all "parts by mass".

[0064] The Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus gelatinous, yeast, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium solani, Brevibacterium flavum, and lactic acid bacteria used in the specific embodiment of the present invention are all purchased from commercial sources. The effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 1.0×10 8 cfu / mL, the effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was 3.0×10 7 cfu / mL, the effective viable count of Bacillus jelly was 5.0×10 8 cfu / mL, the effective viable count of yeast is 3.0×10 8 cfu / g, the effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum was 1.0×10 9 cfu / g, the effective viable count of Trichoderma viride was 5.0×10 8 cfu / g, the effective viable count of green worm bacteria is 5.0×10 6 fu / g, the effective viable count of Brevibacterium flavum was 2.0×10 9 fu / g, the effective viable count of lactic acid bacteria is 8.0×10 8 fu / g.

[0065] The straw used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is corn straw.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] A method for preparing biological organic fertilizer:

[0068] (1) Bio-organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of mushroom residue, 30 parts of starch residue, 20 parts of straw and a composite bacterial agent;

[0069] The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 2% of the total mass of mushroom residue, starch residue and straw.

[0070] (2) Preparation of composite bacterial agents

[0071] Take 3 bottles of 100mL LB liquid culture medium, inoculate 1mL of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus gelatinosa respectively, and shake and culture for 16h at a temperature of 28°C and a speed of 170r / min to obtain activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus gelatinosa, and put them in a 4°C refrigerator for use.

[0072] LB liquid culture medium: Take 10 g / L tryptone, 5 g / L yeast extract and 10 g / L NaCl, adjust the pH to 7.0, make up to 1 L with deionized water, and sterilize by wet heat at 120°C for 20 min.

[0073] Take 100 mL of mixed fermentation medium, inoculate 1 mL of a mixed bacterial solution of activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus gelatinosa (the volume ratio of activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus gelatinosa is 10:10:1), ferment and culture for 60 hours at a temperature of 28-30°C, a pH of 7.0-7.2 and a rotation speed of 180 r / min to obtain a composite bacterial agent.

[0074] The mixed bacterial fermentation medium was prepared with water, and the ingredients were: 25 g / L soybean meal, 10 g / L corn flour and 1.5 g / L chloride salt. After preparation, it was sterilized by wet heat at 120°C for 20 minutes.

[0075] (3) Preparation of bio-organic fertilizer

[0076] After the mushroom residue, starch residue and straw are mixed evenly, the composite bacterial agent is added, the mixture is mixed evenly, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and the mixture is piled into strips (2m long, 1m wide and 1.5m high) for fermentation. The mixture is turned over every 7 days during the fermentation period, and the biological organic fertilizer is obtained after 28 days of fermentation.

[0077] The biological organic fertilizer prepared in the present embodiment was subjected to component determination, and it was found that the effective viable bacteria count of the biological organic fertilizer prepared in the present embodiment was 50 million / g, the organic matter mass fraction (on a drying basis) was 46%, the moisture (fresh sample) mass fraction was 28%, the ascaris egg mortality rate reached 100%, the fecal coliform count was 2 / g, total arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium and chromium were not detected, and the pH was 7.2, which had reached the national standard NY884-2012 for biological organic fertilizer.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] A preparation method of biological organic fertilizer:

[0080] (1) Bio-organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of mushroom residue, 40 parts of starch residue, 10 parts of straw and a composite bacterial agent;

[0081] The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 4% of the total mass of mushroom residue, starch residue and straw.

[0082] (2) Preparation of composite bacterial agents

[0083] Take 3 bottles of 100mL LB liquid culture medium, inoculate 1mL of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus gelatinosa respectively, and shake and culture for 16h at a temperature of 28°C and a speed of 170r / min to obtain activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus gelatinosa, and put them in a 4°C refrigerator for use.

[0084] LB liquid culture medium: Take 10 g / L tryptone, 5 g / L yeast extract and 10 g / L NaCl, adjust the pH to 7.0, make up to 1 L with deionized water, and sterilize by wet heat at 120°C for 20 min.

[0085] Take 100 mL of mixed fermentation medium, inoculate 1 mL of a mixed bacterial solution of activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus gelatinosa (the volume ratio of activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus gelatinosa is 10:10:1), ferment and culture for 55 hours at a temperature of 28-30°C, a pH of 7.0-7.2 and a rotation speed of 180 r / min to obtain a composite bacterial agent.

[0086] The mixed bacterial fermentation medium was prepared with water, and the ingredients were: 15 g / L soybean meal, 5 g / L corn flour and 1.5 g / L chloride salt. After preparation, it was sterilized by wet heat at 120°C for 20 minutes.

[0087] (3) Preparation of bio-organic fertilizer

[0088] After the mushroom residue, starch residue and straw are mixed evenly, the composite bacterial agent is added, the mixture is mixed evenly, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and the mixture is piled into strips (2m long, 1m wide and 1.5m high) for fermentation. The mixture is turned over every 7 days during the fermentation period, and the biological organic fertilizer is obtained after 28 days of fermentation.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] (1) biological organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of mushroom residue, 30 parts of starch residue, 20 parts of straw, 18 parts of mineral compound, 2.5 parts of microbial compound and compound bacterial agent;

[0091] The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 2% of the total mass of mushroom residue, starch residue and straw.

[0092] The microbial complex consists of the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of yeast, 8 parts of Trichoderma harzianum, 3 parts of Trichoderma viride and 6 parts of Penicillium truncatum.

[0093] (2) Preparation of composite bacterial agent: same as in Example 1.

[0094] (3) Preparation of mineral complexes

[0095] Ⅰ. The trace elements and minerals (the mass ratio of the trace elements to the minerals is 1:3) are mixed and crushed to 100 mesh and then subjected to high-temperature steam treatment (temperature is 90°C, humidity is 95%, and time is 60 min). Then, a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is added for granulation to obtain composite particles A with a particle size of 4 mm.

[0096] Trace elements are composed of the following components in parts by mass: 2.5 parts of borax, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of manganese sulfate and 3 parts of ammonium molybdate; the mineral is calcite.

[0097] Ⅱ. A mixture of Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut cake powder and corn flour is coated on the surface of composite particles A (the mass ratio of composite particles A and Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut cake powder (particle size 200 mesh) and corn flour (particle size 200 mesh) is 20:0.5:0.5:2:1) to obtain composite particles B; the binder used for coating is a 5wt.% starch aqueous solution.

[0098] III. Spraying a 12 wt.% aqueous acrylic acid solution on the surface of the composite particles B (the amount ratio of the composite particles B and the aqueous acrylic acid solution is 20 g: 1.5 mL), and drying at low temperature (35°C) to obtain a mineral composite.

[0099] (4) Preparation of bio-organic fertilizer

[0100] After the mushroom residue, starch residue and straw are evenly mixed, the composite bacterial agent is added, the mixture is evenly mixed, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and the mixture is piled into strips (2m long, 1m wide and 1.5m high) for fermentation. The mixture is turned over every 7 days during the fermentation period. After 28 days of fermentation, the microbial complex is added and the fermentation is continued for 7 days to obtain the fermented material.

[0101] The fermented material and the mineral complex are evenly mixed to obtain biological organic fertilizer.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] (1) Bio-organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of mushroom residue, 30 parts of starch residue, 20 parts of straw, 20 parts of mineral compound, 2 parts of microbial compound and compound bacterial agent;

[0104] The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 2% of the total mass of mushroom residue, starch residue and straw.

[0105] The microbial complex consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of yeast, 6 parts of Trichoderma harzianum, 3 parts of Trichoderma viride and 5 parts of C. elegans.

[0106] (2) Preparation of composite bacterial agent: same as in Example 1.

[0107] (3) Preparation of mineral complexes

[0108] Ⅰ. The trace elements and minerals (the mass ratio of the trace elements to the minerals is 1:2) are mixed and crushed to 100 mesh and then subjected to high-temperature steam treatment (temperature is 85°C, humidity is 90%, and time is 30 minutes). Then, a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is added for granulation to obtain composite particles A with a particle size of 4mm.

[0109] Trace elements are composed of the following components in the following mass proportions: 2 parts of borax, 7 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of manganese sulfate, 4 parts of manganese sulfate and 2 parts of ammonium molybdate; the mineral is calcite.

[0110] Ⅱ. A mixture of Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut cake powder and corn flour is coated on the surface of composite particles A (the mass ratio of composite particles A and Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut cake powder (particle size 200 mesh) and corn flour (particle size 200 mesh) is 20:0.5:0.5:2:1) to obtain composite particles B; the binder used for coating is a 5wt.% starch aqueous solution.

[0111] III. Spraying a 15 wt.% aqueous acrylic acid solution on the surface of the composite particles B (the ratio of the composite particles B to the aqueous acrylic acid solution is 20 g: 1.5 mL), and drying at low temperature (35°C) to obtain a mineral composite.

[0112] (4) Preparation of bio-organic fertilizer

[0113] After the mushroom residue, starch residue and straw are evenly mixed, the composite bacterial agent is added, the mixture is evenly mixed, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and the mixture is piled into strips (2m long, 1m wide and 1.5m high) for fermentation. The mixture is turned over every 7 days during the fermentation period. After 28 days of fermentation, the microbial complex is added and the fermentation is continued for 7 days to obtain the fermented material.

[0114] The fermented material and the mineral complex are evenly mixed to obtain biological organic fertilizer.

[0115] Example 5

[0116] (1) Bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of mushroom residue, 30 parts of starch residue, 20 parts of straw, 15 parts of mineral compound, 3 parts of microbial compound and compound bacterial agent;

[0117] The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 2% of the total mass of mushroom residue, starch residue and straw.

[0118] The microbial complex consists of the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of yeast, 8 parts of Trichoderma harzianum, 4 parts of Trichoderma viride and 5 parts of Penicillium truncatum.

[0119] (2) Preparation of composite bacterial agent: same as in Example 1.

[0120] (3) Preparation of mineral complexes

[0121] Ⅰ. The trace elements and minerals (the mass ratio of the trace elements to the minerals is 1:5) are mixed and crushed to 100 mesh and then subjected to high-temperature steam treatment (temperature is 95°C, humidity is 90%, and time is 40 minutes). Then, a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is added for granulation to obtain composite particles A with a particle size of 3mm.

[0122] Trace elements are composed of the following components in the following mass proportions: 3 parts of borax, 6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of manganese sulfate and 2 parts of ammonium molybdate; the mineral is calcite.

[0123] Ⅱ. A mixture of Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut cake powder and corn flour is coated on the surface of composite particles A (the mass ratio of composite particles A and Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut cake powder (particle size 200 mesh) and corn flour (particle size 200 mesh) is 20:0.5:0.5:2:1) to obtain composite particles B; the binder used for coating is a 5wt.% starch aqueous solution.

[0124] III. Spraying a 12 wt.% aqueous acrylic acid solution on the surface of the composite particles B (the amount ratio of the composite particles B and the aqueous acrylic acid solution is 20 g: 1.5 mL), and drying at low temperature (35°C) to obtain a mineral composite.

[0125] (4) Preparation of bio-organic fertilizer

[0126] After the mushroom residue, starch residue and straw are evenly mixed, the composite bacterial agent is added, the mixture is evenly mixed, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and the mixture is piled into strips (2m long, 1m wide and 1.5m high) for fermentation. The mixture is turned over every 7 days during the fermentation period. After 28 days of fermentation, the microbial complex is added and the fermentation is continued for 7 days to obtain the fermented material.

[0127] The fermented material and the mineral complex are evenly mixed to obtain biological organic fertilizer.

[0128] Comparative Example 1

[0129] The same as Example 1, except that the mushroom residue in the biological organic fertilizer is replaced with starch residue of equal mass.

[0130] Comparative Example 2

[0131] The same as Example 1, except that the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the composite bacterial agent is replaced by an equal amount of yeast.

[0132] Comparative Example 3

[0133] The same as Example 1, except that the mushroom residue is replaced with peanut straw of the same mass.

[0134] Effect Example 1

[0135] (1) Plow the field soil (to a depth of 20 cm) and divide the field into several 200m 2 In the plots, the biological organic fertilizers prepared in the embodiments and comparative examples were spread at a rate of 500 kg / mu, mixed with the soil and then raked flat. Three plots were treated with the biological organic fertilizers of each embodiment and comparative example.

[0136] (2) Fifteen days after the bio-organic fertilizer was applied to the field, corn seeds (Xianyu 1225, with a planting density of 4,500 to 4,600 plants) were sown.

[0137] (3) Routine field management was performed during the planting period, such as application of diammonium phosphate, urea and other fertilizers. The total fertilizer application rate during the planting period was 20 kg / mu.

[0138] The conventional planting method is used as a control group, specifically, the biological organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example is replaced with decomposed organic fertilizer (the application amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is 800kg / mu), and the total application amount of chemical fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate and urea is 40kg / mu. The preparation method of decomposed organic fertilizer is as follows: 100 parts of corn stalks and 20 parts of cow dung are mixed evenly, the water content is adjusted to 60%, and the stacks are piled into strips (length, width and height are 1m respectively) for fermentation, and the stacks are turned over every 7 days during the fermentation period, and the decomposed organic fertilizer is obtained after 28 days of fermentation.

[0139] The plant height and stem diameter (stem diameter at the thickest part of the whole corn stem) of corn were measured at harvest. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0140] Table 1 Plant height and stem diameter of corn at harvest

[0141] Grouping Plant height (cm) Stem diameter (cm) Example 1 324 4.5 Example 2 323 4.3 Example 3 336 5.1 Example 4 333 4.9 Example 5 334 5.0 Comparative Example 1 312 4.0 Comparative Example 2 320 4.2 Comparative Example 3 316 4.1 Control group 284 3.7

[0142] The number of kernels per ear and the number of kernels per row of corn were determined. The yield of corn per mu based on 100-kernel weight was determined according to the national standard GB1353-2018. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0143] Table 2 Number of kernels per ear, number of kernels per row, and 100-kernel weight of corn

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] After applying the bio-organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment of the present invention, the corn leaves are dark green, thick, and commercially available, and the plant height and stem thickness are improved to varying degrees.

[0147] The bio-organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively increase the plant height and stem thickness of corn, while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, and has a significant effect of increasing production and income, providing a theoretical basis for the application of bio-organic fertilizer in corn planting.

[0148] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 80-100 parts of mushroom residue, 30-40 parts of starch residue, 10-20 parts of straw and composite bacterial agent; The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 1-4% of the total mass of mushroom residue, starch residue and straw.

2. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite bacterial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus gelatinosa.

3. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that The preparation method of the composite bacterial agent comprises the following steps: The strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus jelly-like are inoculated into a liquid culture medium respectively, and cultured by shaking to obtain activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus jelly-like; The activated Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus gelatinosa are inoculated into a mixed bacterial fermentation medium at a volume ratio of 10:10:1, and fermented and cultured to obtain the composite bacterial agent.

4. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that The shaking culture temperature is 28°C, the rotation speed is 170r / min, and the time is 16h; and / or, The fermentation culture temperature is 28-30°C, the pH is 7.0-7.2, the rotation speed is 180r / min, and the time is 55-65h; and / or, The mixed bacteria fermentation medium comprises: 15-25 g / L soybean meal, 5-15 g / L corn flour and 0.5-1.5 g / L chloride salt.

5. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: 15-20 parts of mineral complex and 2-3 parts of microbial complex.

6. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that The method for preparing the mineral complex comprises the following steps: The trace elements and minerals are mixed and crushed, and then subjected to high-temperature steam treatment, and then starch solution is added to granulate to obtain composite particles A; A mixture of Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut powder and corn powder is coated on the surface of the composite particles A to obtain composite particles B; The aqueous acrylic acid solution is sprayed on the surface of the composite particles B, and the mineral composite is obtained after low-temperature drying.

7. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that The trace elements include the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of borax, 6-8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 4-6 parts of manganese sulfate, 3-4 parts of manganese sulfate and 2-3 parts of ammonium molybdate; and / or, The mineral comprises calcite; and / or, The mass ratio of the trace elements to the minerals is 1:(2-5); and / or, The steam high temperature treatment has a temperature of 85-95°C, a humidity of 90-95%, and a time of 30-60 minutes; and / or, The particle size of the composite particles A is 3 to 4 mm.

8. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that The mass ratio of the composite particles A, Brevibacterium flavum, lactic acid bacteria, peanut powder and corn powder is 20:0.5:0.5:2:1; and / or, The concentration of the aqueous acrylic acid solution is 12 to 15 wt.%; and / or, The ratio of the composite particles B to the aqueous acrylic acid solution is 20 g:1.5 mL; and / or, The microbial complex comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 8 parts of yeast, 6 to 8 parts of Trichoderma harzianum, 3 to 4 parts of Trichoderma viride and 5 to 6 parts of Penicillium truncatum.

9. A method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The mushroom residue, starch residue, straw and composite bacterial agent are mixed evenly and then piled up for fermentation to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.

10. A method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The mushroom residue, starch residue, straw and composite microbial agent are mixed evenly and then piled for fermentation, and then composite microorganisms are added and fermentation is continued to obtain fermented material; The fermentation material and the mineral complex are mixed evenly to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.

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