Preparation method of efficient phosphate-solubilizing compound microbial fertilizer
By preparing highly efficient phosphorus-degrading complex microbial fertilizers, using humic acid, edible mushroom residue and other components to ferment and stir treatment, the problem of low efficiency of existing biophosphate-degrading bacterial methods has been solved, and efficient conversion of difficult-to-soluble phosphorus into effective Phosphorus, which improves crop yield and soil utilization.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411651391.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-01-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
AI Technical Summary
The existing biophosphate-removing bacterial method is inefficient and it is difficult to effectively convert the insoluble phosphorus in the soil into effective phosphorus that can be absorbed by plants, resulting in a crisis in phosphorus resources and low crop yields.
Using the preparation method of efficient phosphorus-degrading complex microbial fertilizer, mix and ferment components such as humic acid, edible mushroom residue, milk residue, microbial agent, and mix and stir with vermiculite powder, seaweed extract and other components at low temperature Dry, finally crush and sieve to obtain efficient phosphorus-resolved complex microbial fertilizer.
It has achieved efficient conversion of insoluble phosphorus in the soil into effective phosphorus, improved the utilization rate of phosphorus by plants, promoted crop growth and yield improvement, and at the same time reduced the preparation cost, and is suitable for industrial production.
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Abstract
Description
[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent application entitled "A high-efficiency phosphate-dissolving composite microbial fertilizer and its preparation method". The filing date of the original application is January 31, 2023, and the application number is 202310072477.X. Technical Field
[0002] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and in particular to a method for preparing a highly efficient phosphorus-dissolving composite microbial fertilizer. Background Art
[0003] Fertilizer is the most effective way to increase grain production, and phosphate fertilizer is one of the important fertilizers. However, after phosphate fertilizer is applied to the soil, it will undergo a series of chemical, physical, chemical or biochemical processes to form insoluble phosphates that cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Its utilization rate in the current crop is only 10% to 25%. The amount of insoluble phosphorus in the soil is huge, and phosphorus is a non-renewable scarce resource. The phosphorus resource crisis facing mankind may be more severe than energy and rare earths. Faced with such a severe situation, converting such a large amount of insoluble phosphate in the soil into effective phosphorus that can be absorbed by plants is a very effective way to expand phosphorus resources. In recent years, research on converting insoluble phosphorus into effective phosphorus using phosphate solubilization technology has attracted much attention. However, the current biological phosphate solubilization bacteria method is greatly affected by the environment and is generally inefficient. Therefore, how to use biological methods to efficiently decompose insoluble phosphorus in the soil is of great significance to alleviating the phosphorus resource crisis and ensuring stable and high grain yields.
[0004] The preparation process of compound microbial fertilizer is an important factor affecting product performance, but most of the existing technologies are preparation methods for a certain strain of bacteria, and the preparation process of compound microbial fertilizer is still imperfect. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency phosphorus-dissolving composite microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, on the one hand, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0007] The invention provides a high-efficiency phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of humic acid, 35-45 parts of edible mushroom residues, 35-45 parts of vermiculite powder, 30-40 parts of milk residues, 30-40 parts of zeolite powder, 20-30 parts of seaweed extract, 20-30 parts of polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, 20-25 parts of microbial agent, 15-25 parts of trace elements and 10-15 parts of amino oligosaccharides.
[0008] Preferably, the edible mushroom residue includes oyster mushroom residue and king oyster mushroom residue, and the mass ratio of the oyster mushroom residue to the king oyster mushroom residue is 1:1-3.
[0009] Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite powder is 0.4-0.6 mm, the particle size of the milk residue is 1-2 mm, and the particle size of the zeolite powder is 0.06-0.08 mm.
[0010] Preferably, the microbial agent includes Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus colloids, yeast and Bacillus subtilis, the number of live bacteria of the Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus colloids, yeast and Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 2 billion / g, and the mass ratio of the Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus colloids, yeast and Bacillus subtilis is 1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2.
[0011] Preferably, the trace elements include iron, manganese, zinc and copper, and the content ratio of iron, manganese, zinc and copper is 2-4:1-3:1-3:1-2.
[0012] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned efficient phosphorus-dissolving composite microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
[0013] (1) mixing humic acid, edible mushroom residue, milk residue and microbial agent, adding water for fermentation, and obtaining a fermentation product;
[0014] (2) Mixing the fermentation product with vermiculite powder, zeolite powder, seaweed extract, potassium polyaspartate powder, trace elements, and amino oligosaccharides, stirring, low-temperature drying, crushing and sieving, and collecting the undersieve components to obtain a highly efficient phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer.
[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), water is added until the moisture content of the material is 30% to 40%.
[0016] Furthermore, in step (1), the fermentation temperature is 60-65° C., and the fermentation time is 5-7 days.
[0017] Furthermore, the stirring speed in step (2) is 200 to 250 r / min, and the stirring time is 20 to 30 min.
[0018] Furthermore, the temperature of the low-temperature drying in step (2) is 30-40° C., the material is dried to a moisture content of 15%, and the mesh size of the sieving is 250-300 meshes.
[0019] Furthermore, the ratio of humic acid, edible mushroom residue, milk residue and microbial agent in step (1) is 45:40:35:23 by weight.
[0020] Furthermore, the edible mushroom residue in step (1) includes oyster mushroom residue and king oyster mushroom residue; and the microbial agent is composed of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, yeast and Bacillus subtilis.
[0021] Furthermore, in step (2), the ratio of vermiculite powder, zeolite powder, seaweed extract, potassium polyaspartate powder, trace elements and amino oligosaccharides is 40:35:25:25:20:13 by weight.
[0022] Furthermore, the trace elements in step (2) include iron, manganese, zinc and copper.
[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0024] 1. In the composite microbial fertilizer provided by the present invention, humic acid has the functions of increasing fertilizer efficiency, improving soil, stimulating crop growth, and improving the quality of agricultural products; edible mushroom residues can not only improve soil physical and chemical indicators, but also increase crop yield and quality; milk residues are rich in calcium, which can be degraded from macromolecules into small molecules after fermentation and absorbed and utilized by crops; seaweed extracts contain active substances such as seaweed polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and mannitol, which have significant antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic effects, and can greatly enhance the ability of crops to resist cold, drought, lodging, and salt and alkali. It is rich in organic matter and slow-release factors, has a long fertilizer effect, and can activate various beneficial microorganisms in the soil. The natural compounds it contains can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the internal pore space of the soil, increase the activity of microorganisms in the soil, which is beneficial to root growth and enhances crop resistance and resistance to continuous cropping. Amino oligosaccharides can activate the activity of beneficial plant bacteria such as self-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, fiber-decomposing bacteria, actinomycetes, etc. in the soil, provide them with a source of nutrition, and can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance air permeability and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and ensure that crops grow in a good soil environment.
[0025] 2. The microbial agent of the present invention is composed of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, yeast and Bacillus subtilis. The four are used in combination to synergistically decompose the insoluble phosphorus in the soil and organic fertilizer into fast-acting phosphorus, which is easily absorbed and utilized by crops.
[0026] 3. The composition ratio of each component of the composite microbial fertilizer provided by the present invention is reasonable, which can not only effectively solubilize phosphorus and improve the utilization rate of phosphorus by plants, but also effectively promote crop growth and ensure crop quality.
[0027] 4. The preparation method of the bacterial fertilizer of the present invention is simple, low in cost, and suitable for industrial production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The invention provides a high-efficiency phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of humic acid, 35-45 parts of edible mushroom residues, 35-45 parts of vermiculite powder, 30-40 parts of milk residues, 30-40 parts of zeolite powder, 20-30 parts of seaweed extract, 20-30 parts of polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, 20-25 parts of microbial agent, 15-25 parts of trace elements and 10-15 parts of amino oligosaccharides.
[0029] In the present invention, the efficient phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer is preferably prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 42 to 48 parts of humic acid, 38 to 42 parts of edible mushroom residues, 38 to 42 parts of vermiculite powder, 32 to 38 parts of milk residues, 32 to 38 parts of zeolite powder, 22 to 28 parts of seaweed extract, 22 to 28 parts of polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, 22 to 24 parts of microbial agents, 18 to 22 parts of trace elements, and 12 to 14 parts of amino oligosaccharides.
[0030] In the present invention, the efficient phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer is further preferably prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of humic acid, 40 parts of edible mushroom residues, 40 parts of vermiculite powder, 35 parts of milk residues, 35 parts of zeolite powder, 25 parts of seaweed extract, 25 parts of polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, 23 parts of microbial agents, 20 parts of trace elements, and 13 parts of amino oligosaccharides.
[0031] In the present invention, the edible mushroom residue preferably includes oyster mushroom residue and king oyster mushroom residue, and the mass ratio of the oyster mushroom residue to the king oyster mushroom residue is preferably 1:1-3, and more preferably 1:2.
[0032] In the present invention, the particle size of the vermiculite powder is preferably 0.4-0.6 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm; the particle size of the milk residue is preferably 1-2 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm; the particle size of the zeolite powder is preferably 0.06-0.08 mm, more preferably 0.07 mm.
[0033] In the present invention, the microbial agent preferably includes Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, yeast and Bacillus subtilis. The number of viable bacteria of the Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, yeast and Bacillus subtilis is preferably ≥2 billion / g, and more preferably 2.7 billion / g; the mass ratio of the Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, yeast and Bacillus subtilis is preferably 1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2, and more preferably 1:1:1:1.
[0034] In the present invention, the trace elements preferably include iron, manganese, zinc and copper, and the content ratio of the iron, manganese, zinc and copper is preferably 2-4:1-3:1-3:1-2, and more preferably 3:2:2:1.
[0035] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned efficient phosphorus-dissolving composite microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
[0036] (1) mixing humic acid, edible mushroom residue, milk residue and microbial agent, adding water for fermentation, and obtaining a fermentation product;
[0037] (2) The fermentation product is mixed with vermiculite powder, zeolite powder, seaweed extract, polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, trace elements, and amino oligosaccharides, stirred, and dried at low temperature until the moisture content of the material is ≤15%, crushed and sieved, and the undersieve components are collected to obtain a highly efficient phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer.
[0038] In the present invention, the water is preferably added in step (1) until the water content of the material is 30% to 40%, and more preferably until the water content of the material is 35%.
[0039] In the present invention, the fermentation temperature in step (1) is preferably 60-65°C, more preferably 63°C; the fermentation time is preferably 5-7 days, more preferably 6 days.
[0040] In the present invention, the stirring speed in step (2) is preferably 200-250 r / min, more preferably 220-240 r / min, and further preferably 230 r / min; the stirring time is preferably 20-30 min, more preferably 22-28 min, and further preferably 25 min.
[0041] In the present invention, the temperature of the low-temperature drying in step (2) is preferably 30-40°C, more preferably 32-38°C, and further preferably 35°C; the mesh size of the sieving is preferably 250-300 mesh, more preferably 260-280 mesh, and further preferably 270 mesh.
[0042] In the present invention, the fermentation product obtained in step (2) is mixed with vermiculite powder, zeolite powder, seaweed extract, polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, trace elements, and amino oligosaccharides, stirred, and dried at low temperature until the material moisture content is ≤15%, crushed and sieved, and the undersize components are collected to obtain a highly efficient phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer. It is further preferred that the fermentation product obtained is mixed with vermiculite powder, zeolite powder, seaweed extract, polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, trace elements, and amino oligosaccharides, stirred, and dried at low temperature until the material moisture content is 13%, crushed and sieved, and the undersize components are collected to obtain a highly efficient phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer.
[0043] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
[0044] The seaweed extracts in the following examples were purchased from Shaanxi Fulin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, yeast and Bacillus subtilis were all purchased from Shandong Dehe Mingxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; other raw materials were all commercially available.
[0045] Example 1
[0046] A method for preparing a highly efficient phosphorus-dissolving composite microbial fertilizer, the steps are as follows:
[0047] (1) 40 parts of humic acid, 35 parts of edible mushroom residue (Pleurotus ostreatus residue: Pleurotus eryngii residue = 1:1), 30 parts of milk residue and 20 parts of microbial agent (Bacillus megaterium: Bacillus mucilaginosus: yeast: Bacillus subtilis = 1:1:1:1) were mixed, water was added until the moisture content of the material was 30%, and fermentation was carried out at 60°C for 5 days to obtain a fermentation product;
[0048] (2) The obtained fermentation product is mixed with 35 parts of vermiculite powder, 30 parts of zeolite powder, 20 parts of seaweed extract, 20 parts of polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, 15 parts of trace elements (iron: manganese: zinc: copper = 2:1:1:1), and 10 parts of amino oligosaccharides, stirred at 200 r / min for 20 min, low-temperature dried at 30° C. until the moisture content of the material is 15%, crushed through a 250-mesh sieve, and the sieve-less components are collected to obtain a high-efficiency phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer.
[0049] Example 2
[0050] A method for preparing a highly efficient phosphorus-dissolving composite microbial fertilizer, the steps are as follows:
[0051] (1) 45 parts of humic acid, 40 parts of edible mushroom residue (Pleurotus ostreatus residue: Pleurotus eryngii residue = 1:2), 35 parts of milk residue and 23 parts of microbial agent (Bacillus megaterium: Bacillus mucilaginosus: yeast: Bacillus subtilis = 1:1:1:1) were mixed, water was added until the moisture content of the material was 35%, and fermentation was carried out at 63°C for 6 days to obtain a fermentation product;
[0052] (2) The obtained fermentation product is mixed with 40 parts of vermiculite powder, 35 parts of zeolite powder, 25 parts of seaweed extract, 25 parts of polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, 20 parts of trace elements (iron: manganese: zinc: copper = 3:2:2:1), and 13 parts of amino oligosaccharides, stirred at 230 r / min for 25 min, low-temperature dried at 35° C. until the moisture content of the material is 13%, crushed through a 270-mesh sieve, and the sieve-less components are collected to obtain a high-efficiency phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer.
[0053] Example 3
[0054] A method for preparing a highly efficient phosphorus-dissolving composite microbial fertilizer, the steps are as follows:
[0055] (1) 50 parts of humic acid, 45 parts of edible mushroom residue (Pleurotus ostreatus residue: Pleurotus eryngii residue = 1:3), 40 parts of milk residue and 25 parts of microbial agent (Bacillus megaterium: Bacillus mucilaginosus: yeast: Bacillus subtilis = 1:1:1:1) were mixed, water was added until the moisture content of the material was 40%, and fermentation was carried out at 65°C for 7 days to obtain a fermentation product;
[0056] (2) The obtained fermentation product is mixed with 45 parts of vermiculite powder, 40 parts of zeolite powder, 30 parts of seaweed extract, 30 parts of polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, 25 parts of trace elements (iron: manganese: zinc: copper = 4:3:3:2), and 15 parts of amino oligosaccharides, stirred at 250 r / min for 30 min, dried at 40° C. until the moisture content of the material is 15%, crushed through a 300-mesh sieve, and the components under the sieve are collected to obtain a high-efficiency phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer.
[0057] Comparative Example 1
[0058] Except for subtracting the two components of humic acid and seaweed extract, the remaining components, preparation steps, etc. are consistent with Example 2.
[0059] Comparative Example 2
[0060] Except that the microbial agent (Bacillus megaterium: Bacillus subtilis: yeast: Bacillus subtilis = 1:1:1:1) is replaced by the microbial agent (Bacillus licheniformis: Bacillus subtilis: yeast: Bacillus subtilis = 1:1:1:1), the other components, preparation steps, etc. are consistent with Example 2.
[0061] Experimental Example 1
[0062] The test site was selected in Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, and the crop variety planted was wheat Gaoyou 2018. The test field was divided into three parts, recorded as Area A, Area B and Area C. Among them, Area A applied the high-efficiency phosphate-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 2 of the present application; Area B applied the composite microbial fertilizer obtained in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Area C applied the composite microbial fertilizer obtained in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. On October 5, 2021, sowing was carried out in each test area, with a sowing amount of 180,000 basic seedlings / mu, and the amount of fertilizer applied in Area A, Area B and Area C was 560kg / mu. The field management of each test area (such as fertilizer management, pest and disease management, etc.) is consistent with local planting habits. The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0063] Table 1 Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil available phosphorus content
[0064]
[0065] As can be seen from Table 1, although Comparative Examples 1 and 2 can also increase the content of available phosphorus in the soil, the increase is much lower than that of Example 2 of the present invention. This shows that the use of the efficient phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer of Example 2 of the present invention is more conducive to increasing the content of available phosphorus in the soil.
[0066] Table 2 Effects of different fertilization treatments on wheat yield
[0067] Grouping Wheat yield (kg / mu) Example 2 594.68 Comparative Example 1 496.32 Comparative Example 2 508.94
[0068] It can be seen from Table 2 that, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the application of the high-efficiency phosphate-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer of Example 2 of the present invention can increase the wheat yield.
[0069] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a highly efficient phosphate-dissolving composite microbial fertilizer, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) mixing humic acid, edible mushroom residue, milk residue and microbial agent, adding water for fermentation, and obtaining a fermentation product; (2) Mixing the fermentation product with vermiculite powder, zeolite powder, seaweed extract, polyaspartic acid potassium salt powder, trace elements, and amino oligosaccharides, stirring, low-temperature drying, crushing and sieving, and collecting the sieve components to obtain a highly efficient phosphorus-solubilizing composite microbial fertilizer.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), water is added until the moisture content of the material is 30% to 40%.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature in step (1) is 60-65° C., and the fermentation time is 5-7 days.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring speed in step (2) is 200-250 r / min, and the stirring time is 20-30 min.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature drying temperature in step (2) is 30-40° C., and the material is dried to a moisture content of 15%. The mesh size of the sieving is 250-300 meshes.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of humic acid, edible mushroom residue, milk residue and microbial agent in step (1) is 45:40:35:23 by weight.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edible mushroom residue in step (1) includes oyster mushroom residue and king oyster mushroom residue; the microbial inoculant is composed of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, yeast and Bacillus subtilis.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of vermiculite powder, zeolite powder, seaweed extract, potassium polyaspartate powder, trace elements and amino oligosaccharides in step (2) is 40:35:25:25:20:13 by weight.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trace elements in step (2) include iron, manganese, zinc and copper.