Unstable slope deformation protection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an unstable slope deformation protection method, and relates to the technical field of unstable slope treatment. The protection method comprises the steps that information data of a landform unit, a geologic structure unit, stratum lithology and an underground water environment of a slope area to be measured are collected; inputting the slope type of the slope to be detected and the data acquired in the step 1 into a landslide prediction model to obtain the occurrence probability of a landslide disaster and the disaster intensity when the landslide disaster occurs; according to the disaster occurrence probability and disaster intensity, a retaining wall with the corresponding height and thickness is built at the bottom end of the slope; earthwork backfilling is conducted behind the retaining wall; a soil body is fixed on the slope surface of the slope through a steel cable and an anchor rod, and then concrete is sprayed on the slope for reinforcement. During use, the geographic information of the slope position is firstly obtained, and the occurrence probability and the disaster intensity of the landslide disaster are obtained in combination with the landslide prediction model, so that a theoretical basis is provided for follow-up building of retaining walls, and then slope protection is better realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of unstable slope management, and in particular relates to a method for preventing unstable slope deformation. Background Art

[0002] The construction of highways, railways, water conservancy projects is generally closely related to the natural environment. Highways, railways, water conservancy projects generally require filling and excavation, which leads to the formation of a large number of slopes with exposed soil and rocks. Traditionally, in order to ensure the greening of the slopes, ecological films are generally set up on the slopes. However, due to the inclined slope surface, the moisture and fertility of the soil under the vegetation on the ecological film are lost quickly, which leads to serious degradation of the vegetation on the slope. And due to the erosion of rainwater, the structural instability of the slope is caused. At the same time, due to the presence of a large amount of vegetation on the slope, these vegetation absorb water, causing the slope load to increase, which makes it easier for unstable slopes to slide. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing unstable slope deformation, which solves the problems raised by the prior art by reducing the weight of the landslide body by cutting the slope gently during use.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention is a method for preventing unstable slope deformation, comprising:

[0006] Step 1: Collect information data on geomorphic units, geological structural units, stratum lithology, and groundwater environment in the slope area to be tested;

[0007] Step 2: input the slope type of the slope to be tested and the data collected in step 1 into the landslide prediction model to obtain the probability of landslide disaster and the disaster intensity when the landslide disaster occurs;

[0008] Step 3: According to the probability and intensity of disaster occurrence, a retaining wall of corresponding height and thickness is built at the bottom of the slope;

[0009] Step 4: Backfill the earth behind the retaining wall;

[0010] Step 5: Use steel cables and anchor rods to fix the soil on the slope surface, and then spray concrete on the slope for reinforcement.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 5, grouting is performed on the cracks existing on the slope surface of the slope.

[0012] Furthermore, before step 3, the slope is cut down to reduce the weight of the landslide body, and the cut soil and rocks are used as backfill in step 4.

[0013] Furthermore, before the retaining wall of step 3 is built, a drainage ditch is arranged directly below the retaining wall building position, a concrete layer with a thickness of 3cm-5cm is laid on the bottom side of the drainage ditch, and then rough stones with a particle size of not less than 150㎜ are laid on the concrete layer to form a permeable layer, and finally a support mechanism composed of steel bars is arranged in the drainage ditch; the thickness of the permeable layer is 15cm-20cm; the support mechanism includes a first support structure arranged on both sides of the drainage ditch, and a second support structure arranged between the two first support structures; The first supporting structure comprises two rows of steel bars A arranged at equal intervals along the length of the drainage trough, and steel bars C arranged along the length of the drainage trough, wherein the steel bars C are arranged transversely, and the steel bars A and C are twisted by iron wires to form a grid structure; the second supporting structure comprises two rows of steel bars B arranged at equal intervals along the length of the drainage trough; after the supporting mechanism is arranged, rubble stones with a particle size not exceeding 100 mm are first backfilled into the first supporting structure; and then rubble stone concrete is filled into the second supporting structure, wherein the particle size of the rubble stones in the rubble stone concrete is between 100-200 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the steel bar A and the steel bar B penetrates through the concrete layer and then is inserted into the soil on the bottom side of the drainage ditch.

[0015] Furthermore, the retaining wall includes a wall body built along the length direction of the drainage ditch, and an auxiliary wall is built at a distance L along the length direction of the wall body. The auxiliary wall is perpendicular to the wall body, and the auxiliary wall is connected to the wall body as a whole.

[0016] Furthermore, a multi-layer steel bar structure is provided through the wall at the position where the auxiliary wall is combined with the wall body; the steel bar structure comprises a frame formed by welding rod-shaped steel bars A, both ends of the frame are welded with rod-shaped steel bars B, at least two rod-shaped steel bars C are provided in the area between the rod-shaped steel bars B and the wall body, and the bottom ends of the steel bars C are inserted into the soil; and then concrete is poured after formwork is performed outside the frame.

[0017] Furthermore, an expansion joint is provided every 3-5 m along the length direction of the wall.

[0018] Furthermore, the landslide prediction model includes an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer; and the input layer, the hidden layer, and the output layer each contain a number of neurons.

[0019] Furthermore, the output formula of the hidden layer is: Y=f(wx+C1); x is the input data of the output layer, w is the weight, c is the bias term, and f is the activation function.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention achieves the purpose of stability by reducing the weight of the landslide body by gentle slope cutting during use, thereby reducing the probability of landslides occurring on unstable slopes; at the same time, the present invention obtains geographic information of the slope location during use, and obtains the probability of landslide disasters and the intensity of disasters in combination with a landslide prediction model, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent construction of retaining walls, thereby better realizing slope protection.

[0022] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a flow chart for realizing the protection method of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drainage trough of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the retaining wall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the steel bar structure arrangement structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inside", "all around" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a method for preventing unstable slope deformation, comprising:

[0031] Step 1: Collect information data on geomorphic units, geological structural units, stratum lithology, and groundwater environment in the slope area to be tested;

[0032] Step 2: input the slope type of the slope to be tested and the data collected in step 1 into the landslide prediction model to obtain the probability of landslide disaster and the disaster intensity when the landslide disaster occurs;

[0033] Step 3: Determine the height and thickness of the retaining wall to be built at the bottom of the slope according to the probability and intensity of the disaster. Before the retaining wall is built, the slope is firstly cut to reduce the weight of the landslide body to achieve the purpose of stability. At the same time, the slope is cut to obtain soil and rocks. Then, a drainage ditch 10 is set just below the retaining wall building position, and drainage facilities are set in the drainage ditch 10.

[0034] Step 4: After the retaining wall is built, backfill the earth behind the retaining wall. In this step, the earth and rocks obtained by cutting the slope gently in step 3 can be used for backfilling, and the backfilled earth and rocks play a role of counterpressure;

[0035] Step 5: Use steel cables and anchor rods to fix the soil on the slope surface, then spray concrete on the slope surface for reinforcement, and at the same time grout the cracks on the slope surface.

[0036] Specifically, the specific construction method of the drainage facility provided by the present invention includes:

[0037] First, a concrete layer with a thickness of 3 cm to 5 cm is laid on the bottom side of the drainage trough 10;

[0038] Then, rubble with a particle size of not less than 150 mm is laid on top of the concrete layer to form a permeable layer, and the thickness of the permeable layer is about 15cm-20cm;

[0039] Then, a support structure composed of steel bars is arranged in the drainage trough 10, and the support structure includes a first support structure arranged on both sides of the drainage trough, and a second support structure arranged between the two first support structures; Figure 2 The first supporting structure includes two rows of steel bars A11 arranged at equal intervals along the length of the drainage trough, and steel bars C12 arranged along the length of the drainage trough. The steel bars C12 are arranged horizontally, and the steel bars A11 and the steel bars C12 are twisted with iron wires to form a grid structure; the second supporting structure includes two rows of steel bars B13 arranged at equal intervals along the length of the drainage trough; after the supporting mechanism is arranged, the first supporting structure is backfilled with rubble stones with a particle size of no more than 100 mm; and then the second supporting structure is filled with rubble stone concrete, and the particle size of the rubble stones in the rubble stone concrete is between 100-200 mm.

[0040] By setting the above-mentioned permeable layer, it is ensured that the water on the inner side of the completed retaining wall can be discharged to the outside of the retaining wall through the permeable layer, thereby preventing potholes with accumulated water and facilitating the rapid drainage of precipitation.

[0041] Meanwhile, in the above description, one end of the steel bar A11 and the steel bar B13 penetrates through the concrete layer and then is inserted into the soil on the bottom side of the drainage ditch 10 .

[0042] Specifically, in order to improve the structural strength of the retaining wall, the present invention provides a retaining wall comprising a wall 2 built along the length direction of the drainage ditch, such as Figure 3 , an auxiliary wall 21 is built at intervals of L along the length direction of the wall 2, the auxiliary wall 21 is perpendicular to the wall 2, and the auxiliary wall 21 is connected to the wall 2 as a whole; a multi-layer steel bar structure is arranged through the wall 2 at the position where the auxiliary wall 21 is combined with the wall 2; the steel bar structure includes a frame formed by welding rod-shaped steel bars A20, both ends of the frame are welded with rod-shaped steel bars B22, at least two rod-shaped steel bars C23 are arranged in the area between the rod-shaped steel bars B22 and the wall 2, and the bottom end of the steel bar C23 is inserted into the soil; then, the formwork is supported outside the frame and concrete is poured, and the setting of the auxiliary wall 21 is used to enhance the anti-dumping and impact resistance of the wall 2; at the same time, the setting of the steel bar structure is used to facilitate the connection between the auxiliary wall 21 and the wall 2, thereby improving the overall structural strength.

[0043] An expansion joint is arranged every 3-5m along the length direction of the wall 2.

[0044] In the present invention, the landslide prediction model includes an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer; and the input layer, the hidden layer, and the output layer each contain a number of neurons; and the output formula of the hidden layer is: Y=f(wx+C1); x is the input data of the output layer, w is the weight, c is the bias term, and f is the activation function.

[0045] The neurons between each layer are fully connected, and hidden layers can be added to improve the computing power and complexity of the model. The output layer makes the final decision.

[0046] In the present invention, through detailed field investigation, mapping, drilling and other means, the topography, hydrological conditions, stratum lithology and soil structure of a slope in a certain place were found out. The unstable slope is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The elevation of the slope foot is 907m and the highest point in the study area is 934m, with a height difference of 27m.

[0047] Collapse occurred locally on the unstable slope, extending in a north-southwest-east direction, in a tongue-shaped plane with a slope of about 40°. The collapse direction was 110° and the width was about 5m to 58m. The average width was about 45m, the length was about 31m, and the thickness was about 5m. The collapsed body was gravel and soil.

[0048] At the same time, there is a reservoir directly above the local collapse, and water seepage is seen at the bottom of the slope about 40m below the reservoir.

[0049] Through the analysis of the interior of the slope, it is found that the slope is a gravel soil layer, the gravel soil is brownish yellow, the gravel is mostly angular, and the gravel is mostly strongly weathered residual sandstone, with a particle size of 50mm-70mm, and the largest can reach 120mm. The gravel content is 50% to 70%, and the filling is loess. The weathering degree is strong and it is easy to break when hammered, and the density is medium dense.

[0050] It can be judged that the entire unstable slope area is currently a small-scale landslide point. After the deformation of each landslide point, it is still in the creep deformation stage, and deformation cracks have formed in some areas. If it is allowed to develop for a long time, it may cause large-scale sliding. Once the landslide slides downward as a whole, it will inevitably damage the lower buildings. If the unstable slope forms a large-scale landslide, the harm is greater. Therefore, effective control projects should be implemented as soon as possible.

[0051] Based on the above, the present invention builds the retaining wall in a vertical manner according to the survey, experimental calculation, verification and relevant specifications. The wall is 4.5m high and the foundation burial depth should not be less than 1m, which means that it is necessary to dig a drainage ditch 10 with a depth greater than 1m.

[0052] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preventing unstable slope deformation, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Collect information data on geomorphic units, geological structural units, stratum lithology, and groundwater environment in the slope area to be tested; Step 2: input the slope type of the slope to be tested and the data collected in step 1 into the landslide prediction model to obtain the probability of landslide disaster and the disaster intensity when the landslide disaster occurs; Step 3: According to the probability and intensity of disaster occurrence, a retaining wall of corresponding height and thickness is built at the bottom of the slope; Step 4: Backfill the earth behind the retaining wall; Step 5: Use steel cables and anchor rods to fix the soil on the slope surface, and then spray concrete on the slope for reinforcement.

2. The method for preventing unstable slope deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, grouting is performed on the cracks existing on the slope surface of the slope.

3. The method for preventing unstable slope deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before step 3, the slope is cut down to reduce the weight of the landslide, and the cut soil and rocks are used as backfill in step 4.

4. The method for preventing unstable slope deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the retaining wall is built in step 3, a drainage ditch (10) is arranged directly below the retaining wall building position, a concrete layer with a thickness of 3 cm to 5 cm is first laid on the bottom side of the drainage ditch (10), and then rough stones with a particle size of not less than 150 mm are laid on the concrete layer to form a permeable layer, and finally a support mechanism composed of steel bars is arranged in the drainage ditch (10); The thickness of the permeable layer is 15cm-20cm; The support mechanism comprises a first support structure arranged on both sides of the drainage groove, and a second support structure arranged between the two first support structures; The first supporting structure comprises two rows of steel bars A (11) arranged at equal intervals along the length of the drainage trough, and steel bars C (12) arranged along the length of the drainage trough, wherein the steel bars C (12) are arranged transversely, and the steel bars A (11) and the steel bars C (12) are formed by twisting iron wires to form a grid structure; The second supporting structure has two rows of steel bars B (13) arranged at equal intervals along the length of the drainage trough; After the support mechanism is arranged, first fill the first support structure with rough stones with a particle size not greater than 100 mm; Then, the second supporting structure is filled with rubble concrete, wherein the particle size of the rubble in the rubble concrete is between 100 mm and 200 mm.

5. The method for preventing unstable slope deformation according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the steel bar A (11) and the steel bar B (13) penetrates through the concrete layer and then is inserted into the soil at the bottom side of the drainage ditch (10).

6. The method for preventing unstable slope deformation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The retaining wall comprises a wall body (2) built along the length direction of the drainage ditch, and an auxiliary wall (21) is built at intervals of L along the length direction of the wall body (2), the auxiliary wall (21) is perpendicular to the wall body (2), and the auxiliary wall (21) is connected to the wall body (2) as a whole.

7. The method for preventing unstable slope deformation according to claim 6, characterized in that: A multi-layer steel bar structure is provided through the wall (2) at the position where the auxiliary wall (21) is combined with the wall (2); The steel bar structure comprises a frame body formed by welding rod-shaped steel bars A (20), both ends of the frame body are welded with rod-shaped steel bars B (22), at least two rod-shaped steel bars C (23) are arranged in the area between the rod-shaped steel bars B (22) and the wall body (2), and the bottom ends of the steel bars C (23) are inserted into the soil; Then, formwork is supported outside the frame and concrete is poured.

8. The method for preventing unstable slope deformation according to claim 6, characterized in that: An expansion joint is arranged every 3-5 m along the length direction of the wall (2).

9. The method for preventing unstable slope deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The landslide prediction model comprises an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer; and the input layer, the hidden layer and the output layer all contain a number of neurons.

10. The method for preventing unstable slope deformation according to claim 9, characterized in that: The output formula of the hidden layer is: Y=f(wx+C1); Among them, x is the input data of the output layer, w is the weight, c is the bias term, and f is the activation function.

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