A kind of hard rock tunneling support bolter

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hard rock tunneling support anchoring machine, which belongs to the technical field of anchoring machines, and comprises a machine body mounted on a crawler, wherein an anchoring mechanism is arranged in the middle of the machine body for hard rock crushing and tunneling, and is equipped with a diversion mechanism and a conveyor belt for discharging crushed stones, and a support mechanism is arranged on the top to provide temporary support; the anchoring mechanism comprises a cap-shaped rotating frame, the horizontality of which is adjusted by a first oil cylinder, the front of the rotating frame is connected to a pitching frame, and the second oil cylinder is used to adjust the pitching angle; a rotating shaft is arranged on the pitching frame, a tunneling head is connected inside the rotating shaft, top stone hammers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tunneling head, and the support mechanism is a rock crushing cone, which is equipped with a rotatable conical protrusion; a gravel dividing disk is arranged at the rear of the rock crushing cone, grinding balls are evenly distributed on the gravel dividing disk, and the gravel dividing disk can be vertically moved for grinding and guiding small pieces of gravel; through innovative structural design and functional integration, many pain points in the traditional anchoring machine support technology are solved, and the efficiency and safety of hard rock tunneling and support are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of anchor drilling machines, and in particular relates to a hard rock excavation support anchor drilling machine. Background Art

[0002] In hard rock tunneling operations, excavation and support are two key technical links. Traditional anchor miners often face the contradiction between excavation efficiency and support effect, especially under hard rock conditions. The excavation characteristics of hard rock cause a large amount of crushed stone to be generated during the excavation process, and the guidance and fragmentation of these crushed stones have become a major problem in excavation operations. At the same time, due to the hard nature of hard rock, the stability and support effect of excavation equipment are crucial to the safety of the tunnel. Existing anchor miners often fail to effectively combine excavation and support functions during the excavation process, resulting in low operating efficiency and insufficient support.

[0003] Traditional anchor boring machines mainly rely on a single excavation device to crush hard rocks. However, the uneven excavation and high hardness of hard rocks cause large losses to the boring head, and are often accompanied by the generation of a large amount of crushed stones. The handling of crushed stones has always been a major problem in the design of tunnel boring machines, especially when the amount of crushed stones is large and the discharge is not smooth, which often causes equipment blockage or operation interruption. In addition, the support devices in the prior art mostly rely on a simple support system, and fail to fully consider the changes in instantaneous loads during the excavation process and the dynamic adaptability of the support structure, resulting in the failure of the support system to adjust in time when the rock mass is deformed significantly, posing a safety hazard. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the crushed stone handling and guiding mechanism to ensure the timely removal of crushed stones and ensure the smooth operation of the excavation equipment. In summary, the anchor boring machines in the prior art have problems such as low excavation efficiency, unstable support, and poor discharge of crushed stones during hard rock excavation and support, and new technological innovations are needed to solve these challenges. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a hard rock tunneling support bolter, and the specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] The present invention provides a hard rock tunneling support roadheader, which includes a body mounted on traveling crawlers. A tunneling and anchoring mechanism extends forward from the middle of the body for the fragmentation and tunneling of hard rock. A diversion mechanism and a conveyor belt are arranged below it to guide the crushed stones out. A support mechanism is arranged on the top of the tunneling and anchoring mechanism to provide temporary support. The tunneling and anchoring mechanism includes a cap-shaped rotating frame mounted on the middle of the body. A first oil cylinder extends backward from it and is connected to the body for adjusting the level of the tunneling and anchoring mechanism. The front part of the rotating frame is hinged with a pitching frame. A second oil cylinder extends backward from its bottom and is connected to the rotating frame for adjusting the pitching degree of the tunneling and anchoring mechanism. A rotatable rotating shaft is inserted into the head of the pitching frame. A tunneling head is internally connected to it for the penetration of hard rock. Rock hammers are symmetrically clamped on both sides of it. A plate-shaped crushed stone hammer that can extend and retract along the tunneling direction is supported at the head of the rock hammer for crushing the crushed stones on both sides of the tunneling head. The support mechanism includes a rock-breaking cone mounted on the upper part of the tunneling head. There are discrete conical protrusions on it, which can drill into large pieces of crushed rock and synchronously crush and disintegrate. The rear part of the rock-breaking cone is symmetrically provided with gravel-sorting plates, which are arranged in a "pin" shape with the rock-breaking cone. A plurality of grinding balls are evenly arranged on the gravel-sorting plates, and they can move顶升 in the vertical direction for the grinding and guiding of small gravel.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the rock-breaking cone includes a bottom plate mounted on the tunneling mechanism. A rotatable turntable is attached to it. A telescopic traction oil cylinder is connected to its tangential direction to drive the turntable to rotate. A plurality of involute slots are opened in the radial direction of the turntable surface. Sliders are respectively inserted into them and can move towards the center of the circle as the turntable rotates. A star-shaped plate is clamped between the sliders. There are "cross" shaped slots on it. A circular ring part smaller than the involute slots is left at the lower part of the star-shaped plate, and it is in clearance fit with the turntable for the precise positioning of the sliders. A T-shaped block is connected in the center direction of the slider. A notch facing away from the center of the circle is opened on the upper part of the T-shaped block. The notches form protrusions for the penetration and crushing of large rocks.

[0007] The rock-breaking cone includes a drilling state and a splitting state. In the drilling state, the traction oil cylinder retracts, driving the turntable to rotate counterclockwise, driving the sliders in the involute to move towards the center of the circle, so that the T-shaped blocks gather to form protrusions and drill into the hard rock. In the splitting state, the traction oil cylinder extends, driving the turntable to rotate clockwise, driving the sliders in the involute to move away from the center of the circle, so that the T-shaped blocks disperse to crush the hard rock.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the rock hammer includes a multi-section rock hammer frame attached to the side of the pitching frame. A rock hammer oil cylinder is hinged on it, and the telescopic amplitude can be adjusted according to the tunneling pressure for the adaptive adjustment of tunneling and rock fragmentation.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a plurality of rows of longitudinally undulating grinding stone teeth are arranged in the middle of the plate surface of the stone breaker hammer, which are used to grind the hard rocks on both sides of the hammering excavation head. Its longitudinal edges are symmetrically provided with staggered combing blades, and a plurality of longitudinal grooves are provided between the combing blades to comb and guide small pieces of rock.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a reverse thrust frame is supported at the bottom of the gravel separating plate, which includes a Z-shaped frame hinged at the head and tail, and is embedded with a reverse thrust cylinder, which can reversely push the gravel separating plate upward. The cylinder body of the reverse thrust cylinder is provided with a shock-absorbing spring, which can reduce the rebound shock as the reverse thrust cylinder is lifted.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a horizontal spray pipe is attached to the front of the rock crushing cone, and its cross-section is fan-shaped, which is used to guide the crushed stone to the rock crushing cone at the rear. The fan surface of the spray pipe is evenly provided with multiple spray ports, which can spray water and atomize synchronously with the advance of the tunneling head, and is used for atomization and dust reduction during tunneling.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a third oil cylinder is symmetrically connected to the rear pitch frame on both sides of the rotating shaft, so that the feeding direction of the tunneling head can be adjusted slightly.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a foldable traveling spike is supported downwardly at the tail of the machine body, and a plurality of conical digging and anchoring spikes are arranged on the end surface thereof, which can be spread out to provide support as the digging and anchoring machine digs.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the diversion mechanism includes an inclined guide slope mounted on the bottom of the machine body, the edge of which is connected to a feed cylinder, which can adjust the lifting angle of the guide slope as the gravel is excavated. Four-leaf guide blades are symmetrically arranged on the guide slope, which rotate in opposite directions and can synchronously crush the rolling gravel and push it to the center of the guide slope.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, one end of the conveyor belt is set on the middle part of the diversion slope, and the other end is set on the tail of the machine body, so as to transport the gravel on the diversion slope and discharge it backwards.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] Synergy of excavation and support: The new anchor-drilling machine achieves synchronous operation of excavation and support by laying support devices on the upper part of the anchor-drilling mechanism. This design can provide temporary support while excavating, significantly improving the safety of tunnel construction. Especially in hard rock tunnels, where the rock mass is less stable, temporary support can effectively prevent rock collapse or deformation, ensuring the continuity and safety of the construction process.

[0018] Improved excavation accuracy and flexibility: The excavation mechanism of the anchor miner adopts a combined design of a hat-shaped rotating frame and a pitch frame, and the first and second cylinders are used to achieve precise adjustment of the horizontality and pitch. This flexible mechanism design can adapt to the excavation needs at different angles and different geological conditions, ensuring the accuracy of excavation and the stability of the equipment, and is suitable for complex underground environments.

[0019] Improved gravel handling efficiency: The guide mechanism and conveyor belt at the bottom of the machine provide an efficient solution for gravel discharge, which can quickly guide and remove a large amount of gravel generated during the excavation process, thereby avoiding the interference of gravel accumulation on the operation of the equipment. At the same time, the plate-shaped stone hammers symmetrically arranged on both sides of the excavation and anchor mechanism can further break the gravel on both sides of the excavation head, ensuring that the gravel particles are finer, which is conducive to the smooth operation of the conveyor belt and the improvement of discharge efficiency.

[0020] Enhanced hard rock crushing capability: The design of the tunneling head can not only penetrate hard rock, but also the top stone hammer and plate-shaped stone hammer on both sides complement each other to crush hard rock in all directions. In particular, the retractable function of the top stone hammer enhances the centralized crushing capability of local hard rock, effectively solves the common jamming problem in hard rock tunneling, and improves tunneling efficiency.

[0021] Secondary rock crushing and grinding function: The rock crushing cone and gravel disc in the support mechanism form an efficient secondary rock crushing and grinding system. The conical protrusion on the rock crushing cone can drill into large pieces of rock and crush them simultaneously, while the grinding balls on the gravel disc further grind and guide small pieces of gravel. The gravel disc can be lifted in the vertical direction, allowing the grinding balls to more flexibly adapt to gravel of different shapes, thereby ensuring the thorough crushing and efficient discharge of gravel, avoiding the gravel blockage problem common in traditional anchor miners.

[0022] Improved operating efficiency and applicability: Through the integrated design of excavation, support and gravel processing, the equipment demonstrates a high degree of integration and automation in hard rock tunnel construction, reducing the need for manual intervention and auxiliary operations. Its modular design can also adapt to a variety of tunnel operation scenarios, not only for hard rock excavation, but also for medium-hard rock construction.

[0023] In summary, the hard rock tunneling support bolter has solved many pain points in traditional bolter support technology through innovative structural design and function integration, greatly improved the efficiency and safety of hard rock tunneling and support, and expanded the scope of application of the equipment. It has significant technical advantages and application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The overall structural diagram of the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 2The figure shows a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the machine body 1 in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the tunneling head 21 of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the drilling state of the rock crushing cone 41 in the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the splitting state of the rock crushing cone 41 in the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the rotating disk 412 in the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 7 The three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the star-shaped disk 413 in the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the spray pipe 44 in the present invention is shown;

[0032] Fig. 9 The three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the capping hammer 22 in the present invention is shown;

[0033] Fig.10 The three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the reverse thrust frame 42 in the present invention is shown;

[0034] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the stone crushing hammer 223 in the present invention is shown;

[0035] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the T-shaped block 4161 in the present invention is shown;

[0036] Fig.13 The three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the gravel separation plate 43 in the present invention is shown;

[0037] As shown in the figure: 1. Machine body; 2. Anchor mechanism; 21. Digging head; 22. Rock hammer; 221. Rock rack; 222. Rock cylinder; 223. Rock hammer; 2231. Grinding teeth; 2232. Stone blade; 22321. Groove; 23. First cylinder; 24. Rotating frame; 25. Pitch frame; 26. Second cylinder; 27. Third cylinder; 28. Rotating shaft; 3. Guide mechanism; 31. Guide slope; 32. Guide vane; 33. Feed cylinder; 4. Support mechanism; 41. Rock cone; 411. Bottom plate; 412, turntable; 4121, involute groove; 413, star-shaped disk; 4131, slot; 4132, annular portion; 414, traction cylinder; 415, slider; 416, raised portion; 4161, T-block; 41611, cutout; 42, reverse thrust frame; 421, Z-shaped frame; 422, reverse thrust cylinder; 423, shock-absorbing spring; 43, gravel-separating disk; 431, grinding ball; 44, spray pipe; 441, spray port; 5, travel spike; 51, anchoring spike; 6, conveyor belt; 7, travel track. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] In order to solve the technical problems in the background technology, a hard rock tunneling support bolter is provided as follows:

[0041] Combination Figure 1-12As shown in the figure, a hard rock tunneling support roadheader includes a machine body 1 mounted on a traveling track 7. In the middle of the machine body 1, a tunneling and anchoring mechanism 2 extends forward for the crushing and tunneling of hard rock. A diversion mechanism 3 and a conveyor belt 6 are arranged below it to guide the crushed stones to be discharged. A support mechanism 4 is arranged on the top of the tunneling and anchoring mechanism 2 to provide temporary support. The tunneling and anchoring mechanism 2 includes a cap-shaped rotating frame 24 mounted in the middle of the machine body 1. A first oil cylinder 23 extends backward from it and is connected to the machine body 1 for adjusting the level of the tunneling and anchoring mechanism 2. The front part of the rotating frame 24 is hinged with a pitching frame 25. A second oil cylinder 26 extends backward from its bottom and is connected to the rotating frame 24 for adjusting the pitching angle of the tunneling and anchoring mechanism 2. A rotatable rotating shaft 28 is inserted into the head of the pitching frame 25. A tunneling head 21 is connected inside it for the penetration of hard rock during tunneling. Rock hammers 22 are symmetrically clamped on both sides of it for crushing the hard rock on both sides of the tunneling head 21. A plate-shaped gravel hammer 223 that can be telescoped along the tunneling direction is supported at the head of the rock hammer 22 for crushing the gravel on both sides of the tunneling head 21. The support mechanism 4 includes a rock-breaking cone 41 mounted above the tunneling head 21. There are discrete conical protrusions 416 on it, which can drill into large pieces of broken rock and crush and disintegrate them synchronously. The rear part of the rock-breaking cone 41 is symmetrically provided with gravel-sorting discs 43, which are arranged in a "pin" shape with the rock-breaking cone 41. A plurality of grinding balls 431 are evenly arranged on the gravel-sorting discs 43, and they can move upward and downward in the vertical direction for guiding the grinding of small gravel.

[0042] Equipment structure and operation mode: This roadheader is mounted on a traveling track 7, with excellent mobility and adaptability, and can move flexibly under complex geological conditions. In the middle of the equipment main body, there is a tunneling and anchoring mechanism 2 responsible for completing the tunneling operation of hard rock. The tunneling and anchoring mechanism 2 consists of a cap-shaped rotating frame 24 and a pitching frame 25. The cap-shaped rotating frame 24 is connected to the machine body 1 through a first oil cylinder 23 for adjusting the horizontal angle; the pitching frame 25 is connected to the rotating frame 24 through a second oil cylinder 26 to adjust the pitching angle. This combined design enables the tunneling and anchoring mechanism 2 to flexibly adapt to various tunnel tunneling angles and geological conditions.

[0043] Tunneling and crushing system: A rotatable rotating shaft 28 is installed at the front end of the pitching frame 25, and the tunneling head 21 is connected inside the rotating shaft 28. The tunneling head 21 is designed specifically for hard rock crushing. Rock hammers 22 are symmetrically installed on both sides of it to enhance the crushing ability in the tunneling range. In addition, a plate-shaped gravel hammer 223 is connected to the front end of the rock hammer 22, which can be telescoped along the tunneling direction to further crush the gravel on both sides of the tunneling head 21 to ensure that the size of the rock fragments is suitable for subsequent processing.

[0044] Operation of the support system: A support device is installed on the top of the anchoring mechanism 2, including a rock crushing cone 41 and a gravel separation disc 43. A rotatable conical protrusion 416 is arranged on the top of the rock crushing cone 41, which can drill into the large pieces of gravel produced by hard rock and crush them synchronously. Two gravel separation discs 43 are symmetrically arranged at the rear of the rock crushing cone 41, forming a "pin"-shaped structure with the rock crushing cone 41. The gravel separation disc 43 is evenly distributed with multiple grinding balls 431, which can be lifted in the vertical direction to perform secondary grinding and guidance on small gravel, so as to ensure that the gravel reaches a finer particle size standard for easy discharge.

[0045] Gravel discharge and conveying system: A guide mechanism 3 and a conveyor belt 6 are provided at the bottom of the anchor miner to handle the large amount of gravel generated during the excavation process. The guide mechanism 3 can quickly guide the gravel to the conveyor belt 6, which then discharges it to an area far away from the working surface, avoiding the impact of gravel accumulation on the operation of the equipment and improving the efficiency of gravel discharge and the continuity of equipment operation.

[0046] Working process

[0047] After the equipment is started, the anchor mechanism 2 adjusts the horizontal and pitch angles according to the geological conditions to adapt to the excavation path. The excavation head 21 starts to rotate and crush the hard rock. At the same time, the top stone hammer 22 cooperates with the plate-shaped stone hammer 223 to perform secondary crushing on the gravel on both sides of the excavation head 21. Large pieces of gravel are crushed by the rock crushing cone 41 in the support system, and the crushed gravel is further refined by the grinding balls 431 of the gravel disc 43 and guided to the conveying system. The conveyor belt 6 quickly discharges the processed gravel to keep the working surface clean.

[0048] The above technical solutions have significantly improved construction efficiency and safety.

[0049] Synchronous excavation and support: The equipment completes support operations while excavating, effectively improving the safety of tunnel construction and reducing the risk of collapse caused by rock deformation.

[0050] Flexible angle adjustment: Through the combined design of the hat-shaped rotating frame 24 and the pitch frame 25, the equipment can accurately adapt to different excavation directions and geological conditions to ensure excavation efficiency and stability.

[0051] Efficient rock crushing: The top stone hammer 22 and the plate-shaped rock crushing hammer 223 work together to enhance the rock crushing capacity in the excavation area, while the rock crushing cone 41 and the gravel disc 43 further optimize the refinement and guidance of large pieces of rock to ensure smooth discharge of the rock.

[0052] Continuous and efficient operation: The combination of the guide mechanism 3 and the conveyor belt 6 enables the equipment to operate continuously for a long time without frequent interruptions to clean up gravel, which significantly improves construction efficiency.

[0053] In summary, the anchor drill of this embodiment demonstrates a high degree of integration and practicality in excavation, support and gravel processing, fully solves many defects of traditional equipment in hard rock excavation, and has broad application prospects.

[0054] Embodiment 2

[0055] like Figure 4-12 As shown, based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further provides the following contents:

[0056] In this embodiment, the rock crushing cone 41 includes a bottom plate 411 mounted on the excavation mechanism, on which a rotatable turntable 412 is attached, and a retractable traction cylinder 414 is connected to the tangential direction thereof, which can drive the turntable 412 to rotate. The turntable 412 has a plurality of gradually opening grooves 4121 radially opened on the disk surface, and sliders 415 are respectively inserted in the grooves, which can move toward the center of the circle as the turntable 412 rotates. A star-shaped disk 413 is clamped between the sliders 415, on which a " The star-shaped disc 413 has a "M"-shaped groove 4131, and a circular ring portion 4132 smaller than the gradually opening groove 4121 is reserved at the lower part of the star-shaped disc 413, and is in clearance with the rotating disc 412, for accurate positioning of the slider 415. A T-shaped block 4161 is connected to the center direction of the slider 415, and a notch 41611 facing away from the center is opened on the upper part of the T-shaped block 4161, and the notch 41611 forms a protrusion 416 in a ring shape, which is used for drilling and crushing large rocks;

[0057] The rock crushing cone 41 includes a drilling state and a splitting state. In the drilling state, the traction cylinder 414 retracts, driving the turntable 412 to rotate counterclockwise, driving the slider 415 in the involute to move toward the center of the circle, so that the T-shaped blocks 4161 gather to form a protrusion 416 to drill into the hard rock; in the splitting state, the traction cylinder 414 extends out, driving the turntable 412 to rotate clockwise, driving the slider 415 in the involute to move away from the center of the circle, so that the T-shaped blocks 4161 disperse and crush the hard rock.

[0058] A horizontal spray pipe 44 is attached to the front of the rock crushing cone 41, and its cross-section is fan-shaped for guiding crushed stones to the rear rock crushing cone 41. The fan surface of the spray pipe 44 is evenly provided with multiple spray ports 441, which can spray water and atomize synchronously with the advance of the tunneling head 21, so as to be used for atomization and dust reduction during tunneling.

[0059] Through the above technical scheme, the working efficiency and safety of the hard rock excavation support anchor drill are significantly improved. First, the rock crushing cone 41 adopts a design combining a gradually opening groove 4121 and a slider 415, so that the equipment can accurately control the drilling and crushing process of the hard rock. Driven by the turntable 412, the slider 415 in the gradually opening groove 4121 can move toward the center of the circle, thereby prompting the T-shaped block 4161 to form a protrusion 416 to drill into the hard rock and break through the hard rock layer. This design not only enhances the equipment's ability to drill into hard rock, but also effectively avoids the problem of operation stagnation or damage caused by excessive wear or insufficient crushing in traditional equipment. Secondly, the rock crushing cone 41 has two working modes: drilling state and splitting state. In the drilling state, the traction cylinder 414 retracts, and the turntable 412 rotates counterclockwise, so that the slider 415 moves toward the center of the circle, so that the T-shaped block 4161 gathers and forms a protrusion 416, which penetrates into the rock layer for crushing. In the split state, the traction cylinder 414 extends, the turntable 412 rotates clockwise, driving the slider 415 away from the center of the circle, and the T-block 4161 disperses to achieve the splitting and crushing of the rock. This dual-mode working mode enables the rock crushing cone 41 to adaptively adjust the crushing mode according to different rock characteristics, avoiding the low efficiency and equipment overload problems that may be caused by a single working state. Furthermore, the design accuracy of the rock crushing cone 41 has been further improved. The precise matching between the star disk 413 and the turntable 412 ensures the precise positioning of the slider 415 during the working process, avoiding the imbalance of force and vibration of the equipment caused by the displacement of the slider 415, and improving the stability and life of the equipment. In addition, the design of the spray pipe 44 at the front of the rock crushing cone 41 can achieve synchronous atomization and dust reduction during the excavation process. The fan-shaped design of the spray pipe 44 and the uniform arrangement of multiple nozzles enable the water mist to cover the entire excavation area, effectively suppress the flying of dust, improve the safety and comfort of the construction environment, and reduce the construction risks of operators. In summary, the device improves the working mode and accuracy of the rock crushing cone 41, thereby improving the hard rock excavation efficiency and the adaptability of the equipment. At the same time, it improves the working environment by optimizing environmental protection measures. It has significant technical advantages and broad application prospects.

[0060] Embodiment 3

[0061] like Figure 9-13 As shown, based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further provides the following contents:

[0062] In this embodiment, the top stone hammer 22 includes a multi-section top stone frame 221 attached to the side of the pitch frame 25, in which a top oil cylinder 222 is hingedly provided, and the extension and contraction range can be adjusted according to the excavation pressure, which is used for adaptive adjustment of excavation rock crushing.

[0063] The middle part of the plate surface of the rock breaker 223 is provided with multiple rows of longitudinally undulating grinding stone teeth 2231 for grinding and hammering the hard rocks on both sides of the tunneling head 21. Its longitudinal edges are symmetrically provided with staggered combing blades 2232, and multiple longitudinal grooves 22321 are provided between the combing blades 2232 to comb and guide small pieces of rock.

[0064] A reverse thrust frame 42 is supported at the bottom of the gravel separating plate 43, which includes a Z-shaped frame 421 hinged at the head and tail, and is embedded with a reverse thrust cylinder 422, which can reversely push the gravel separating plate 43 upward. The cylinder body of the reverse thrust cylinder 422 is provided with a shock-absorbing spring 423, which can reduce the rebound shock as the reverse thrust cylinder is lifted.

[0065] Through the above technical scheme, the present invention adopts a series of innovative designs in the hard rock excavation support anchor digging machine, which significantly improves the excavation efficiency and support capacity, especially showing stronger adaptability and stability when facing difficult rock formations. First, the design of the top stone hammer 22 enables it to be adaptively adjusted according to the excavation pressure, and the telescopic range of the top oil cylinder 222 can be dynamically adjusted according to the different rock formations encountered during the excavation process, ensuring that continuous pressure support can be provided during hard rock excavation. This adaptive adjustment mechanism effectively avoids the problems of excavation jamming and insufficient support caused by pressure changes in traditional anchor digging machines, thereby improving the continuity and safety of excavation. Secondly, the longitudinal undulating grinding teeth 2231 and staggered combing blades 2232 on the surface of the stone hammer 223 can effectively grind and guide the crushed stones on both sides of the hard rock. The grinding teeth 2231 not only increase the grinding force of hard rock, but also the staggered combing blades 2232 and the longitudinal grooves 22321 are used in conjunction to effectively guide and comb the gravel to prevent the accumulation or jamming of gravel, thereby ensuring the smooth flow of the working surface and reducing the risk of equipment shutdown due to gravel accumulation. Furthermore, the reverse thrust frame 42 and the reverse thrust cylinder 422 designed at the bottom of the gravel separation plate 43 further enhance the stability and flexibility of gravel processing. The reverse thrust frame 42 not only improves the lifting efficiency of the gravel separation plate 43 through the combination of the Z-shaped structure and the reverse thrust cylinder 422, but also reduces the rebound through the cooperation of the shock-absorbing spring 423, avoiding damage to the equipment caused by excessive vibration. This design significantly improves the stability of the equipment under complex geological conditions, reduces the probability of equipment failure, and ensures continuous and efficient excavation operations. In summary, the design of the present invention not only solves the difficulties encountered by traditional anchor drills in hard rock excavation and support, but also significantly improves the safety, efficiency and reliability of excavation operations through innovative measures such as adaptive adjustment, rock crushing guidance and shock-absorbing reverse thrust.

[0066] Embodiment 4

[0067] like Figure 1-2 As shown, based on the above embodiment, this embodiment further provides the following contents:

[0068] In this embodiment, the third oil cylinder 27 is symmetrically connected to the rear pitch frame 25 on both sides of the rotating shaft 28, so that the feeding direction of the tunneling head 21 can be slightly adjusted.

[0069] A foldable traveling spike 5 is supported downwardly at the tail of the machine body 1, and a plurality of conical digging and anchoring spikes 51 are arranged on the end surface thereof, which can be spread out to provide support as the digging and anchoring machine digs.

[0070] The guide mechanism 3 includes an inclined guide slope 31 mounted on the bottom of the machine body 1, and a feed cylinder 33 is connected to its edge, which can adjust the lifting angle of the guide slope 31 as the gravel is excavated. Four-leaf guide vanes 32 are symmetrically arranged on the guide slope 31, which rotate in opposite directions and can synchronously crush the rolling gravel and push it to the center of the guide slope 31.

[0071] One end of the conveyor belt 6 is mounted on the middle of the guide slope 31, and the other end is mounted on the tail of the machine body 1, so as to transport the gravel on the guide slope 31 and discharge it backwards.

[0072] The above technical solution significantly improves the excavation capability and operating efficiency of the anchor boring machine under complex geological conditions. The third oil cylinder 27 arranged on both sides of the boring head 21 is connected to the pitch frame 25, which can achieve small directional adjustments during the excavation process. This flexible adjustment function effectively solves the problem of the excavation head 21 being offset due to uneven geology, ensures the accuracy and continuity of the excavation path, and reduces the wear and efficiency loss of the equipment caused by directional deviation. In addition, the foldable travel nail 5 designed at the tail of the body 1 is unfolded to provide stable support during excavation, and relies on the conical excavation anchor nail 51 to embed into the rock formation, thereby improving the operating stability of the equipment during hard rock excavation. This design is particularly important when facing a construction environment with irregular rock mass or complex terrain, which not only enhances the stability of the equipment, but also reduces the operating risk.

[0073] The guide mechanism 3 at the bottom of the machine body 1 has also been optimized. The combination of the oblique guide slope 31 and the feed cylinder 33 can dynamically adjust the slope according to the amount of gravel to ensure the smooth discharge of gravel. The four-blade guide vane 32 arranged on the guide slope 31 can synchronously crush the rolling gravel and guide it to the center of the slope through counter-rotation, further improving the efficiency of gravel processing and avoiding the accumulation of gravel affecting the excavation operation. As an important part of the guide mechanism 3, the conveyor belt 6 receives the gravel from the middle of the guide slope 31 and transports it to the tail of the machine body 1, realizing continuous and efficient gravel cleaning. This conveying system avoids the problem of equipment stagnation caused by gravel accumulation in traditional anchor miners, which helps to improve the cleanliness of the working surface and construction efficiency.

[0074] In summary, the present invention greatly improves the adaptability and efficiency of the anchor drilling machine through various improvements on the drilling head 21, the traveling support, the guide mechanism 3 and the conveying system. At the same time, it effectively solves the common problems of unstable working surface and poor gravel handling in traditional technologies, and has good engineering practical value and promotion potential.

[0075] The working principle and use process of the present invention:

[0076] First, the equipment enters the excavation area through the traveling crawler 7 to ensure the stable positioning of the excavation body 1. Then, the anchoring mechanism 2 starts to work. First, the horizontality of the anchoring mechanism 2 is adjusted through the hat-shaped rotating frame 24 to ensure the accurate positioning of the excavation head 21 and avoid excavation deviation due to improper angles. At this time, the first oil cylinder 23 plays a regulating role, and the horizontality of the anchoring mechanism 2 is adjusted by telescoping. Then, the pitch frame 25 adjusts the pitch angle under the action of the second oil cylinder 26 to adapt to different geological conditions and excavation requirements.

[0077] During the excavation process, the excavation head 21 begins to penetrate the hard rock, and the top stone hammer 22 and the stone crushing hammer 223 work together. The top stone hammer 22 crushes the gravel on both sides of the excavation head 21 through the telescopic plate-shaped stone crushing hammer 223. At the same time, the rock crushing cone 41 drives the slider 415 in the gradually opened groove 4121 to move toward the center of the circle through the rotation of the turntable 412, so that the T-shaped block 4161 gathers to form a protrusion 416, drills into the hard rock and crushes it. At this time, the rock crushing cone 41 enters the drilling state, the traction cylinder 414 retracts, and drives the turntable 412 to rotate counterclockwise to perform rock drilling operations.

[0078] When encountering a larger rock or needing to split the rock, the rock crushing cone 41 switches to the splitting state, the traction cylinder 414 extends, the turntable 412 rotates clockwise, the slider 415 moves outward, and the T-shaped block 4161 disperses, thereby completing the splitting and crushing of the hard rock. During this process, the spray pipe 44 on the rock crushing cone 41 starts to work, and the water mist is evenly atomized through the spray port 441, effectively reducing the dust generated during the excavation process and improving the working environment.

[0079] In order to improve the processing effect of crushed stones, the plate surface of the crushing hammer 223 is provided with a plurality of longitudinally undulating grinding teeth 2231 and staggered combing blades 2232, which can comb and guide the crushed stones to reduce accumulation and keep the working surface unobstructed. The gravel dividing plate 43 cooperates with the adjustment of the reverse thrust frame 42 and the reverse thrust cylinder 422 to ensure that the crushed stones are further divided and guided to the appropriate position. The reverse thrust cylinder 422 is provided with a shock absorbing spring 423, which effectively reduces the impact of the back shock on the equipment and ensures the stable operation of the equipment.

[0080] At the tail of the equipment, the traveling spikes 5 automatically provide support as the excavation progresses, and the conical excavation anchors 51 penetrate deep into the rock formation to enhance the stability of the machine body 1. The diversion mechanism 3 guides the crushed stones to be discharged in a centralized manner by adjusting the lifting angle of the diversion slope 31. The four-blade guide blades 32 rotate symmetrically to synchronously crush the rolling crushed stones and guide them to the center, ensuring that the crushed stones are smoothly transported to the conveyor belt 6. Finally, the conveyor belt 6 transports the crushed stones from the diversion slope 31 to the tail of the machine body 1 for discharge, keeping the working area clean and preventing the accumulation of crushed stones from affecting the excavation operation.

[0081] Through the coordinated cooperation of the above steps, the hard rock tunneling and support bolter can efficiently and stably complete the hard rock tunneling and support tasks, ensuring construction safety and progress.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hard rock excavation support anchor digging machine, comprising a machine body (1) mounted on a traveling crawler (7), a digging and anchoring mechanism (2) extending forward from the middle of the machine body (1) for crushing and excavating hard rocks, a guide mechanism (3) and a conveyor belt (6) being arranged at the bottom of the anchor digging machine for guiding the discharge of crushed rocks, and a supporting mechanism (4) being arranged on the top of the anchor digging mechanism (2) for providing temporary support, characterized in that: The anchoring and digging mechanism (2) comprises a cap-shaped rotating frame (24) mounted in the middle of the machine body (1). The cap-shaped rotating frame (24) is provided with a first oil cylinder (23) extending backwards and connected to the machine body (1) for adjusting the horizontality of the anchoring and digging mechanism (2). A pitching frame (25) is hingedly provided at the front of the rotating frame (24). A second oil cylinder (26) is extended backwards at the bottom of the pitching frame (25) and connected to the rotating frame (24) for adjusting the pitch of the anchoring and digging mechanism (2). A rotatable rotating shaft (28) is inserted at the head of the pitching frame (25). A tunneling head (21) is connected inside the rotating shaft (28) for tunneling and penetrating hard rock. Top stone hammers (22) are symmetrically clamped along both sides of the tunneling head (21). The head of the stone hammer (22) is supported with a plate-shaped stone crushing hammer (223) that can be extended and retracted along the excavation direction, and is used to crush the gravel on both sides of the excavation head (21). The support mechanism (4) includes a rock crushing cone (41) mounted on the upper part of the excavation head (21). The rock crushing cone (41) is provided with a discrete conical protrusion (416). The conical protrusion (416) can drill into large pieces of gravel to synchronously crush and disintegrate. The rear part of the rock crushing cone (41) is symmetrically provided with a gravel separation plate (43). The gravel separation plate (43) and the rock crushing cone (41) are arranged in a "pin" shape. A plurality of grinding balls (431) are evenly arranged on the gravel separation plate (43). The grinding balls (431) can perform a lifting movement in the vertical direction and are used for grinding and guiding small pieces of gravel. The rock crushing cone (41) comprises a bottom plate (411) mounted on the anchoring mechanism (2), a rotatable turntable (412) being attached to the bottom plate (411), a retractable traction cylinder (414) being connected to the turntable (412) in a tangential direction, and capable of driving the turntable (412) to rotate, a plurality of involute grooves (4121) being radially provided on the turntable (412), sliders (415) being inserted into the involute grooves (4121), the sliders (415) being capable of moving toward the center of a circle as the turntable (412) rotates, and a star-shaped disk (413) being provided between the sliders (415). The star-shaped disk (413) is provided with a "M"-shaped groove (4131), and a circular ring portion (4132) smaller than the gradually opening groove (4121) is reserved at the lower part of the star-shaped disk (413) and is clearance-matched with the rotating disk (412) for accurate positioning of the slider (415). A T-shaped block (4161) is connected to the center direction of the slider (415), and a notch (41611) facing away from the center is opened at the upper part of the T-shaped block (4161), and the notch (41611) constitutes the protrusion (416) for drilling and crushing large rocks; The rock crushing cone (41) includes a drilling state and a splitting state. In the drilling state, the traction cylinder (414) retracts, driving the rotating disk (412) to rotate counterclockwise, driving the slider (415) in the gradually opening groove (4121) to migrate toward the center of the circle, so that the T-shaped blocks (4161) gather to form the protrusion (416) and drill into the hard rock; in the splitting state, the traction cylinder (414) extends, driving the rotating disk (412) to rotate clockwise, driving the slider (415) in the gradually opening groove (4121) to move away from the center of the circle, so that the T-shaped blocks (4161) disperse and crush the hard rock.

2. A hard rock tunneling support bolter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top stone hammer (22) comprises a multi-section top stone frame (221) attached to the side of the pitch frame (25), wherein a top oil cylinder (222) is hingedly provided, and the extension and contraction range can be adjusted according to the excavation pressure, so as to be used for self-adaptive adjustment of excavation rock crushing.

3. A hard rock tunneling support bolter according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of rows of longitudinally undulating grinding teeth (2231) are arranged in the middle of the plate surface of the stone crushing hammer (223) for grinding the hard rocks on both sides of the hammering excavation head (21); staggered combing blades (2232) are symmetrically attached to the longitudinal edges of the grinding teeth (2231); a plurality of longitudinal grooves (22321) are arranged between the combing blades (2232) for combing and guiding small pieces of rock.

4. A hard rock tunneling support bolter according to claim 3, characterized in that: A reverse thrust frame (42) is supported at the bottom of the gravel separation plate (43). The reverse thrust frame (42) comprises a Z-shaped frame (421) hinged at the head and tail and is embedded with a reverse thrust cylinder (422) which can reversely push the gravel separation plate (43) upward. The cylinder body of the reverse thrust cylinder (422) is provided with a shock absorbing spring (423) which can reduce the reverse shock as the reverse thrust cylinder (422) is lifted.

5. A hard rock tunneling support bolter according to claim 4, characterized in that: A transverse spray pipe (44) is attached to the front of the rock crushing cone (41), and its cross section is fan-shaped, and is used to guide the crushed rocks to the rear rock crushing cone (41). The fan surface of the spray pipe (44) is evenly provided with a plurality of spray ports (441), which can spray water and atomize synchronously with the advance of the tunneling head (21), so as to be used for atomization and dust reduction during tunneling.

6. A hard rock tunneling support bolter according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two sides of the rotating shaft (28) are symmetrically connected to the third oil cylinder (27) and the rear pitch frame (25), so that the feeding direction of the tunneling head (21) can be adjusted in a small range.

7. A hard rock tunneling support bolter according to claim 6, characterized in that: A foldable traveling spike (5) is supported downwardly at the tail of the machine body (1), and a plurality of conical digging and anchoring spikes (51) are arranged on the end surface of the traveling spike (5), which can be deployed to provide support as the digging and anchoring machine digs.

8. The hard rock tunneling support bolter according to claim 7, characterized in that: The guide mechanism (3) comprises an inclined guide slope (31) mounted on the bottom of the machine body (1); a feed cylinder (33) is connected to the edge of the guide slope (31) so that the lifting angle of the guide slope (31) can be adjusted according to the excavation of gravel; four-leaf guide vanes (32) are symmetrically arranged on the guide slope (31) and rotate in opposite directions so as to synchronously crush the falling gravel and push it toward the center of the guide slope (31).

9. A hard rock tunneling support bolter according to claim 8, characterized in that: One end of the conveyor belt (6) is mounted on the middle of the diversion slope (31), and the other end is mounted on the rear of the machine body (1), so as to transport the gravel on the diversion slope (31) and discharge it backwards.

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