Hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage. The system comprises a hydrogen supply system, a lifting system, a water bath heat exchange system and a control system, the hydrogen supply system comprises a gas pipeline system and a hydrogen storage bottle connected with the gas pipeline system through a hose, and the hydrogen storage bottle is integrally mounted on the lifting system through a hydrogen storage bottle collection grid; the control system controls the hydrogen supply system to realize flow regulation control, automatic cut-off control, automatic emptying control and automatic hydrogen charging and discharging start-stop control of hydrogen; and the control system controls the lifting system to realize lifting and translation actions of the hydrogen storage bottles and the hydrogen storage bottle collection grids, so that heat exchange of the hydrogen storage bottles in the water bath heat exchange system is realized, and the hydrogen storage bottles are moved to the operation table after heat exchange is completed. The control system controls the water bath heat exchange system to achieve heating or cooling of liquid in the water bath, energy interaction with the hydrogen storage bottle is met, and finally the hydrogen supply system completes hydrogen charging or hydrogen discharging. According to the invention, safe and efficient hydrogen storage and hydrogen supply are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage, and in particular to a hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid-state hydrogen storage. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is pollution-free and renewable, and is considered one of the main ways to reduce carbon emissions in the future. In terms of hydrogen energy development, the main challenge currently faced is the storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. Finding a safe, economical, efficient and feasible storage and transportation model is the key to the full life cycle application of hydrogen energy. The requirements for hydrogen storage technology are safety, large capacity, low cost and easy access. At present, hydrogen storage technology is divided into three categories according to the physical form of hydrogen: gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage.

[0003] High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is the most widely used method of hydrogen storage and transportation in modern industry. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage refers to compressing hydrogen to a high-pressure state and storing it in a specific high-pressure resistant gas cylinder. Its advantages are simple operation, rapid absorption and release of hydrogen, and convenient transportation. However, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has problems such as low volume hydrogen storage density and large energy consumption when hydrogen is compressed. In addition, there are safety hazards such as hydrogen itself being easy to leak and hydrogen cylinders failing due to hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, the development of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has certain limitations.

[0004] Cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage refers to cooling hydrogen to -253°C, liquefying it and storing it in a cryogenic insulated container. However, due to the extremely low boiling point of hydrogen, the liquefaction process requires a lot of energy. At the same time, the requirements for the insulation system during transportation and storage are high, and the cost of use is too high. Currently, liquid hydrogen is mainly used in aerospace and other fields.

[0005] Solid-state hydrogen storage is the use of solid materials to store and release hydrogen by physical adsorption or chemical reaction. Metal hydride hydrogen storage has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density, high safety, and good cycle stability. The released hydrogen is of high purity and can be directly supplied to fuel cells at the hydrogen-using end or used as chemical raw materials. It has been explored and used in application scenarios such as hydrogen refueling stations, drones, hydrogen-powered cars, and hydrogen-powered bicycles.

[0006] Among the three methods of hydrogen storage mentioned above, hydrogen storage alloys will be widely used in the hydrogen energy industry due to their high volume hydrogen storage density, inherently safer, adaptable to large-scale storage, no loss during the storage process, and long storage period.

[0007] The absorption and desorption of hydrogen by solid-state hydrogen storage materials is a reversible process of dynamic equilibrium, in which the absorption of hydrogen is an exothermic reaction. The heat released causes the temperature of the alloy hydrogen storage material to rise. When a certain temperature is reached, the absorption of hydrogen will stop. If the absorption of heat continues and reaches a certain temperature, the desorption process will begin. Since hydrogen is a flammable and explosive gas, controlling the safe and efficient hydrogenation of solid-state hydrogen storage materials is an important prerequisite for the application of solid-state hydrogen storage. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to better control the solid-state hydrogen storage material to charge and discharge hydrogen safely and efficiently, the present invention proposes a hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid-state hydrogen storage, the system comprising:

[0009] Hydrogen supply system, lifting system, water bath heat exchange system and control system;

[0010] The hydrogen supply system comprises a gas pipeline system and a hydrogen storage bottle connected thereto via a hose, and the hydrogen storage bottle is integrated and installed on the lifting system via a hydrogen storage bottle grid;

[0011] The control system controls the hydrogen supply system to achieve hydrogen flow regulation control, automatic cut-off control, automatic venting control, and automatic hydrogen filling and discharging start and stop control;

[0012] The control system controls the lifting system to realize the lifting and lowering and translational movements of the hydrogen storage bottles and the hydrogen storage bottle collection grid, realizes the heat exchange of the hydrogen storage bottles in the water bath heat exchange system, and moves the hydrogen storage bottles to the operating table after the heat exchange is completed.

[0013] The control system controls the water bath heat exchange system to achieve heating or cooling of the liquid in the water bath, satisfying the energy interaction with the hydrogen storage bottle, and finally the hydrogen supply system completes hydrogen filling or hydrogen discharge.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydrogen supply system includes: a hydrogen storage bottle, a hydrogen system, a nitrogen purge replacement pipeline and a venting pipeline; the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the hydrogen system, the nitrogen purge replacement pipeline and the venting pipeline to complete the purging, replacement, discharge and supply of hydrogen.

[0015] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage bottles include a plurality of bottles, which are independently placed in a hydrogen storage bottle grid and connected to the gas supply system via a hose.

[0016] Furthermore, the purge replacement pipeline is specifically as follows: the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the external nitrogen purge replacement port after passing through a manual valve, a hose, a check valve and a manual valve in sequence.

[0017] Furthermore, the release pipeline is specifically as follows: the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the external release port through a valve combination and a hose in sequence.

[0018] Furthermore, the valve combination includes: a safety valve, a manual vent valve and an automatic vent valve; the safety valve, the manual vent valve and the automatic vent valve are connected in parallel.

[0019] Furthermore, the hydrogen supply system is specifically as follows:

[0020] The storage bottle is connected to an external hydrogen filling port through a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor, a flow regulating valve, a flow meter, an automatic shut-off valve, a filter, a hose and a manual valve in sequence.

[0021] Furthermore, the flow regulating valve is electrically connected to the flow meter for adjusting the heating or cooling rate of the hydrogen storage bottle; the automatic shut-off valve is electrically connected to a hydrogen concentration detector for emergency shut-off in case of hydrogen leakage.

[0022] Furthermore, the water bath heat exchange system comprises: a water bath, a chiller and an electric heater; the chiller comprises a circulating water pump; and the control system is electrically connected to the chiller and the electric heater.

[0023] The control system performs the following controls: starting and stopping hydrogen charging and discharging, hydrogen flow control and adjustment, water bath temperature control and adjustment, and safety interlock venting or cutting off; automatically shutting down when the hydrogen absorption or release flow rate drops to a set range value; automatically shutting down according to the set working time; and automatically shutting down the equipment through the emergency stop button in case of emergency.

[0024] The beneficial effect provided by the present invention is: achieving safe and efficient hydrogen storage and supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0028] The present invention provides a hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid-state hydrogen storage, the system comprising:

[0029] Hydrogen supply system, lifting system, water bath heat exchange system and control system;

[0030] The hydrogen supply system comprises a gas pipeline system and a hydrogen storage bottle connected thereto via a hose, and the hydrogen storage bottle is integrated and installed on the lifting system via a hydrogen storage bottle grid;

[0031] The control system controls the hydrogen supply system to achieve hydrogen flow regulation control, automatic cut-off control, automatic venting control, and automatic hydrogen filling and discharging start and stop control;

[0032] The control system controls the lifting system to realize the lifting and lowering and translational movements of the hydrogen storage bottles and the hydrogen storage bottle collection grid, realizes the heat exchange of the hydrogen storage bottles in the water bath heat exchange system, and moves the hydrogen storage bottles to the operating table after the heat exchange is completed.

[0033] The control system controls the water bath heat exchange system to achieve heating or cooling of the liquid in the water bath, satisfying the energy interaction with the hydrogen storage bottle, and finally the hydrogen supply system completes hydrogen filling or hydrogen discharge.

[0034] As an embodiment, the present invention adopts a metal solid hydrogen storage bottle that is resistant to hydrogen embrittlement and has good thermal conductivity, and is filled with a metal solid hydrogen storage material for absorbing and releasing hydrogen. The hydrogen storage bottles include multiple hydrogen storage bottles, which are independently placed in a hydrogen storage bottle collection grid and connected to the gas supply system through a hose. Of course, the hydrogen storage bottle collection grid can also include multiple groups, such as Figure 1 In the embodiment, two groups of hydrogen storage bottle grids are included;

[0035] The hydrogen storage bottle grid is lowered into the water bath heat exchange system through the lifting system when charging and discharging hydrogen;

[0036] The coolant or heating liquid circulating in the water bath heat exchange system is used to directly cool or heat the solid hydrogen storage bottle, so that the temperature inside the hydrogen storage bottle is controlled at an appropriate temperature, and the safe and efficient hydrogen charging and discharging functions are achieved by adjusting the hydrogen flow, pressure and temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle.

[0037] The hydrogen supply system adopts a hydrogen supply system with purge replacement and safety release functions, and is integrated and installed on the lifting system;

[0038] The hydrogen supply system is connected to the outside through a hose, so that the gas supply system can move freely.

[0039] It should be noted that the hydrogen supply system includes: a hydrogen storage bottle, a purge and replacement pipeline, a venting pipeline and a hydrogen filling system; the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the purge and replacement pipeline, the venting pipeline and the hydrogen filling system to complete the purge, replacement, discharge and supply of hydrogen.

[0040] The hydrogen source is delivered to the vicinity of the lifting system through a pipeline, and then divided into two or more pipelines equipped with cut-off valves; each pipeline is further divided into two or more hoses with quick connectors for quick connection with solid hydrogen storage bottles. The details are as follows:

[0041] It should be noted that the purge replacement pipeline is specifically as follows: the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the external hydrogen purge replacement port after passing through the manual valve, hose, check valve and manual valve in sequence. During debugging, pressure test and nitrogen replacement can be performed through the nitrogen replacement pipeline.

[0042] As an embodiment, the release pipeline is specifically as follows: the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the external release port through the valve combination and the hose in sequence. The valve combination includes: a safety valve, a manual release valve and an automatic release valve; the safety valve, the manual release valve and the automatic release valve are connected in parallel.

[0043] It should be noted that the hydrogen filling system is specifically as follows:

[0044] The storage bottle is connected to an external hydrogen filling port through a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor, a flow regulating valve, a flow meter, an automatic shut-off valve, a filter, a hose and a manual valve in sequence.

[0045] The flow regulating valve is electrically connected to the flow meter and is used to adjust the heating or cooling rate of the hydrogen storage bottle; the cut-off valve is electrically connected to a hydrogen concentration detector and is used for emergency cut-off in case of hydrogen leakage.

[0046] The water bath heat exchange system comprises: a water bath, a water chiller and an electric heater; the water chiller comprises a circulating water pump; and the control system is electrically connected to the water chiller and the electric heater.

[0047] It should be noted that the electric heater Figure 1 Not shown; the water bath adopts an uncapped water tank, and is provided with a coolant inlet and outlet, a liquid replenishing port, a float switch, a remote liquid level gauge, and bottom and top liquid thermometers; the electric heater can be used for system heating during hydrogen discharge and to prevent the coolant from freezing in winter; the external matching chiller can be used for cooling during hydrogen absorption or for providing coldness to prevent the temperature from accidentally rising too much during hydrogen discharge;

[0048] It should be noted that a lifting system is installed above the water bath. The system has lifting and translation functions, and the solid-state hydrogen storage bottles can be gathered and transported between the water bath and the adjacent operating table, heat exchange can be achieved in the water bath, and the quick connectors of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottles can be connected or disconnected on the operating table.

[0049] It should be noted that the lifting system can adopt a small crane or a truss manipulator.

[0050] Through the setting of the control system, the lifting and translation of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle grid are linked with the start and stop of the system. After clicking the hydrogen charging or discharging operation button, the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle grid is automatically immersed in the water bath. After the set time is reached, the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle grid is automatically moved to the operating table.

[0051] The control system performs the following controls: starting and stopping hydrogen charging and discharging, hydrogen flow control and adjustment, water bath temperature control and adjustment, and safety interlock venting or cutting off; automatically shutting down when the hydrogen absorption or release flow rate drops to a set range value; automatically shutting down according to the set working time; and automatically shutting down the equipment through the emergency stop button in case of emergency.

[0052] As an embodiment, the present invention completes the hydrogen flow control regulation: the flow is regulated by interlocking the flow meter with the flow regulating valve. When the temperature of the water bath rises rapidly and the chiller cannot ensure the cooling capacity, the hydrogen absorption flow can be reduced, thereby reducing the heat generated by the reaction; during the hydrogen release reaction, the gas outlet flow can be adjusted according to user needs.

[0053] As an embodiment, the present invention completes the water bath temperature control and adjustment: during the hydrogen absorption reaction, the chiller can be adjusted in real time according to the inlet and return water temperatures to ensure the required cooling capacity; during the hydrogen release reaction, the electric heater can automatically heat up according to the water bath temperature sensor to ensure the required heat; when the temperature is low in winter, the electric heater can automatically maintain a temperature above the freezing point with lower power consumption according to the water bath temperature; shutdown protection.

[0054] As an embodiment, the present invention completes the security detection adjustment:

[0055] The hydrogen leak detector will give an audible and visual alarm when a leak occurs, and can automatically cut off the emergency shut-off valve; the hydrogen leak detector will give an alarm when the leak reaches 0.4%, and automatically cut off when it reaches 1%;

[0056] When the system overpressure reaches the set value, the automatic drain valve will start;

[0057] The equipment is equipped with a start button, a stop button and an emergency stop button. After pressing the start button, the system begins to charge or discharge hydrogen, and will automatically stop after the hydrogen absorption or release flow rate drops to a certain range. The automatic shutdown can also be set according to the working time. When an emergency occurs, the equipment can be automatically shut down through the emergency stop, and the hydrogen input can be cut off in time.

[0058] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: achieving safe and efficient hydrogen storage and supply.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage, characterized in that: include: Hydrogen supply system, lifting system, water bath heat exchange system and control system; The hydrogen supply system comprises a gas pipeline system and a hydrogen storage bottle connected thereto via a hose, and the hydrogen storage bottle is integrated and installed on the lifting system via a hydrogen storage bottle grid; The control system controls the hydrogen supply system to achieve hydrogen flow regulation control, automatic cut-off control, automatic venting control, and automatic hydrogen filling and discharging start and stop control; The control system controls the lifting system to realize the lifting and lowering and translational movements of the hydrogen storage bottle and the hydrogen storage bottle collection grid, realizes the heat exchange of the hydrogen storage bottle in the water bath heat exchange system, and moves the hydrogen storage bottle to the operating table after the heat exchange is completed; The control system controls the water bath heat exchange system to achieve heating or cooling of the liquid in the water bath, satisfying the energy interaction with the hydrogen storage bottle, and finally the hydrogen supply system completes hydrogen filling or hydrogen discharge.

2. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply system includes: a hydrogen storage bottle, a hydrogen system, a nitrogen purge replacement pipeline and a venting pipeline; the hydrogen storage bottle is connected with the hydrogen system, the nitrogen purge replacement pipeline and the venting pipeline to complete the purge replacement, discharge and supply of hydrogen.

3. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage bottles include a plurality of bottles which are independently placed in a hydrogen storage bottle cluster and connected to a gas supply system via a hose.

4. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The purge replacement pipeline is specifically as follows: the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the external nitrogen purge replacement port after passing through a manual valve, a hose, a check valve and a manual valve in sequence.

5. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The release pipeline is specifically as follows: the hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the external release port through a valve combination and a hose in sequence.

6. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The valve combination comprises: a safety valve, a manual vent valve and an automatic vent valve; the safety valve, the manual vent valve and the automatic vent valve are connected in parallel.

7. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply system is specifically as follows: The storage bottle is connected to an external hydrogen supply port through a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor, a flow regulating valve, a flow meter, an automatic shut-off valve, a filter, a hose and a manual valve in sequence; the hydrogen supply port can be used to fill hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle and also supply the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle to the outside.

8. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The flow regulating valve is electrically connected to the flow meter and is used to adjust the heating or cooling rate of the hydrogen storage bottle; the automatic shut-off valve is electrically connected to a hydrogen concentration detector and is used for emergency shut-off in case of hydrogen leakage.

9. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water bath heat exchange system comprises: a water bath, a water chiller and an electric heater; the water chiller comprises a circulating water pump; and the control system is electrically connected to the water chiller and the electric heater.

10. A hydrogen charging and discharging system for metal solid hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The control system performs the following controls: starting and stopping hydrogen charging and discharging, hydrogen flow control and adjustment, water bath temperature control and adjustment, and safety interlock venting or cutting off; automatically shutting down when the hydrogen absorption or release flow rate drops to a set range value; automatically shutting down according to the set working time; and automatically shutting down the equipment through the emergency stop button in case of emergency.

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