Solar heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics and a control method. A solar heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics comprises a heat collector assembly, a heat storage box, a liquid supply box, a first shell and a refrigerating unit, and the heat collector assembly is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet; the heat storage box is connected with the first outlet; the liquid supply box is connected with the first inlet, a third pipeline is arranged between the heat storage box and the liquid supply box, the third pipeline is used for conveying a working medium in the heat storage box into the liquid supply box, and the liquid supply box is further provided with a second inlet; the first shell is provided with a first cavity, and at least partial section of the first pipeline and at least partial section of the second pipeline are arranged in the first cavity; the refrigerating unit is connected with the first cavity. According to the invention, different working conditions can be simulated, and parameter indexes such as heat collection efficiency and anti-freezing performance of the solar heat collection device in corresponding environments can be reflected more accurately and effectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of solar heat collection performance testing, and in particular relates to a solar heat collection performance detection system and a control method based on environmental characteristics. Background Art

[0002] In remote and cold regions, when the heating pipeline network cannot cover the relevant areas, solar thermal collection can achieve low-cost heating. There are many different types of solar thermal collection devices in the relevant technology. Due to different climate environments in different regions, especially the large temperature difference between day and night in cold regions, different solar thermal collection devices have different operating indicators when facing the same working conditions, which affects the normal operation of the solar thermal collection devices. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention is based on the inventor's discovery and understanding of the following facts and problems:

[0004] The inventors realized that in the process of solar thermal collection, the low temperature environment has a great influence on the thermal conversion efficiency of the solar thermal collector. When the temperature is low at night, the working fluid in some sections of the thermal collector is prone to freezing, and even the pipeline may rupture due to the freezing of the working fluid, causing the thermal collector to fail to work normally. It is particularly important to perform performance testing of the operation of the thermal collector under different working conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system that can perform performance testing of a solar thermal collector.

[0005] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0006] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a solar thermal collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics that can be implemented under different working conditions.

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a control method.

[0008] A solar heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0009] a collector assembly having a first inlet and a first outlet;

[0010] A heat storage tank, wherein an inlet end of the heat storage tank is connected to the first outlet through a first pipeline, and the working fluid is stored in the heat storage tank after being heated by the collector assembly;

[0011] A liquid supply tank, wherein the outlet end of the liquid supply tank is connected to the first inlet via a second pipeline for conveying the working medium in the liquid supply tank into the collector assembly, a third pipeline between the heat storage tank and the liquid supply tank, the third pipeline for conveying the working medium in the heat storage tank into the liquid supply tank, the liquid supply tank further having a second inlet, the second inlet for conveying the working medium into the liquid supply tank, the working medium conveyed into the liquid supply tank by the second inlet and the working medium conveyed into the liquid supply tank by the heat storage tank are mixed to convey a constant temperature working medium to the collector assembly;

[0012] A first shell, wherein the first shell has a first cavity, and at least a partial section of the first pipeline and at least a partial section of the second pipeline are arranged in the first cavity;

[0013] A refrigeration unit is connected to the first cavity, and the refrigeration unit is used to adjust the ambient temperature in the first cavity.

[0014] The embodiments of the present invention can realize the performance detection of the solar thermal collector device based on environmental characteristics under different working conditions, simulate different extreme weather environments, and can more accurately and effectively reflect the parameter indicators such as the thermal collection efficiency and anti-freezing performance of the solar thermal collector device in the corresponding environment, so as to evaluate the performance indicators of the solar thermal collector device, and can also formulate operation strategies for different working conditions.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first pipeline and the second pipeline located in the first housing both include:

[0016] A first section, both ends of which extend out of the first housing, and a first control valve is disposed on the first section;

[0017] The second section is arranged in parallel with the first control valve on the first section, and the second section is provided with a second control valve.

[0018] In some embodiments, the number of the first control valves is plural, and the number of the second sections is the same as the number of the first control valves;

[0019] And / or, the first section and the second section are arranged at intervals in the first shell;

[0020] And / or, the first shell has an inner shell, an outer shell, and a first thermal insulation layer arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the outer sides of the first section and the second section are covered with a second thermal insulation layer.

[0021] In some embodiments, the liquid supply tank includes a second shell and a first heat exchange coil, the second shell has a first cavity and a second cavity connected to each other, the first heat exchange coil is arranged in the first cavity, one end of the first heat exchange coil is connected to the third pipeline, the other end of the first heat exchange coil is connected to the second cavity, the second inlet is connected to the end of the first cavity away from the second cavity, the second cavity has a second outlet, and the second outlet is used to connect to the collector assembly.

[0022] In some embodiments, an electric heating component is also included, and the electric heating component is disposed in the second cavity.

[0023] In some embodiments, the liquid supply tank is connected to the refrigeration unit to cool the working medium in the liquid supply tank.

[0024] In some embodiments, a temperature detection component is further included. There are multiple temperature detection components, and the working fluid inlet and outlet ends of the collector assembly, the working fluid inlet and outlet ends of the heat storage tank, and the working fluid inlet and outlet ends of the liquid supply tank are all provided with the temperature detection components.

[0025] In some embodiments, the working medium flowing in the collector assembly, the heat storage tank and the liquid supply tank is water or antifreeze.

[0026] In some embodiments, a solar radiation meter is also included, and the solar radiation meter is used to measure the total radiation of sunlight.

[0027] The control method of the solar thermal collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics in any of the above embodiments disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0028] Using a refrigeration unit to cool the environment in the first shell to a first temperature threshold, the first temperature threshold is lower than the outdoor ambient temperature, simulating an outdoor low temperature condition during a light period, and obtaining a heat collection performance parameter of the solar heat collection device under the low temperature condition;

[0029] A refrigeration unit is used to cool and adjust the temperature of the environment in the first shell to a second temperature threshold, and the working fluid in the liquid supply tank is temperature-controlled by an electric heating component or a refrigeration unit, and the collector component is protected from sunlight. The second temperature threshold is less than the freezing temperature of the working fluid, and the low-temperature working condition in a no-light period is simulated to obtain the antifreeze performance parameters of the solar thermal collector under low-temperature conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a solar thermal collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first section and the second section in the first shell in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid supply box in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Collector assembly; 11. First inlet; 12. First outlet;

[0035] 2. Heat storage tank;

[0036] 3. A first shell;

[0037] 4. Liquid supply tank; 41. Second shell; 411. First cavity; 412. Second cavity; 42. First heat exchange coil; 43. Second inlet; 44. Second outlet; 45. Electric heating assembly;

[0038] 5. Refrigeration unit;

[0039] 61, first pipeline; 611, first section; 612, second section; 613, first control valve; 614, second control valve; 62, second pipeline; 63, third pipeline;

[0040] 7. Temperature detection component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0042] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the solar thermal collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics of an embodiment of the present invention includes a collector assembly 1, a heat storage tank 2, and a liquid supply tank 4. The collector assembly 1 has a first inlet 11 and a first outlet 12. The inlet end of the heat storage tank 2 is connected to the first outlet 12 through a first pipeline 61. The working fluid is heated by the collector assembly 1 and stored in the heat storage tank 2.

[0043] The outlet end of the liquid supply tank 4 is connected to the first inlet 11 via a second pipeline 62, which is used to transport the working medium in the liquid supply tank 4 into the collector assembly 1. A third pipeline 63 is provided between the heat storage tank 2 and the liquid supply tank 4. The third pipeline 63 is used to transport the working medium in the heat storage tank 2 into the liquid supply tank 4. The liquid supply tank 4 also has a second inlet 43, which is used to transport the working medium into the liquid supply tank 4. The working medium transported into the liquid supply tank 4 by the second inlet 43 and the working medium transported into the liquid supply tank 4 by the heat storage tank 2 are mixed to transport the constant temperature working medium to the collector assembly 1.

[0044] The solar heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics further includes a first housing 3 and a refrigeration unit 5. The first housing 3 has a first cavity 411. At least a portion of the first pipeline 61 and at least a portion of the second pipeline 62 are arranged in the first cavity 411. The refrigeration unit 5 is connected to the first cavity 411 and is used to adjust the ambient temperature in the first cavity 411.

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention can realize the performance detection of the solar thermal collector device based on environmental characteristics under different working conditions, simulate different extreme weather environments, and can more accurately and effectively reflect the parameter indicators such as the thermal collection efficiency and anti-freezing performance of the solar thermal collector device in the corresponding environment, so as to evaluate the performance indicators of the solar thermal collector device, and can also formulate operation strategies for different working conditions.

[0046] The working fluid with the same temperature as the external environment is mixed with the working fluid in the heat storage tank 2 in the liquid supply tank 4, so that the liquid supply tank 4 can provide a working fluid with a basically constant temperature and transport the working fluid to the collector assembly 1. Under normal working conditions, sunlight irradiates the collector assembly 1, and the collector assembly 1 converts solar energy into thermal energy and heats the working fluid, and then transports the heated working fluid into the heat storage tank 2.

[0047] Due to the changeable external climate environment, the ambient temperature has a great influence on the heat transported into the heat storage tank 2. Therefore, in the presence of light, the first shell 3 and the refrigeration unit 5 can be used to simulate the operating performance parameters of the thermal collector in a low-temperature environment; since there is no light at night, the solar thermal collector does not operate, but when the night temperature is lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid, it will cause the working fluid to freeze, so it is necessary to formulate an antifreeze strategy, and the first shell 3 and the refrigeration unit 5 can simulate a low-temperature environment lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid, so that the circulation strategy of the thermal collector at night can be effectively formulated, and the working fluid waste heat in the collector assembly 1 or the working fluid waste heat in the heat storage tank 2 can be used for antifreeze, and antifreeze can also be carried out by means such as electric heating.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present invention, multiple detection points and detection components for monitoring temperature, pressure, and flow can be set in the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62. The temperature, flow, and pressure in the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62 can be monitored by the detection components to determine the useful energy of the collector assembly 1 and the temperature changes during operation to obtain more intuitive and effective parameter information.

[0049] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62 located in the first shell 3 both include a first section 611 and a second section 612, both ends of the first section 611 extend out of the first shell 3, a first control valve 613 is arranged on the first section 611, the second section 612 is arranged in parallel with the first control valve 613 on the first section 611, and a second control valve 614 is arranged on the second section 612.

[0050] The different lengths of the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62 will have a significant impact on the heat collection effect of the heat collection device, and will also affect the stability of the working medium transportation and the working medium flow rate, pressure, etc. In the embodiment of the present invention, the total length of the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62 can be changed by controlling whether the working medium flows through the second section 612. By controlling the lengths of the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62 in the first shell 3, the performance parameters under different pipeline lengths can be more effectively obtained.

[0051] When the working medium does not need to flow through the second section 612, the first control valve 613 at the corresponding position is opened and the second control valve 614 is closed. When the working medium needs to flow through the second section 612 to increase the pipeline length, the first control valve 613 is closed and the second control valve 614 is opened.

[0052] Furthermore, the number of first control valves 613 is multiple, and the number of second sections 612 is the same as the number of first control valves 613; the number of second sections 612 is 2, 3 or 5, the first section 611 is a straight section, the second section 612 is a U-shaped section, and each second section 612 is provided with a second control valve 614.

[0053] The number of second sections 612 through which the working medium needs to flow is determined according to the required lengths of the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first section 611 and the second section 612 are both placed in the first shell 3, which can be in a temperature-controllable chamber, so that different working conditions can be simulated more realistically and effectively.

[0054] Furthermore, the first section 611 and the second section 612 are arranged at intervals in the first shell 3, which can avoid the stacking of multiple pipeline sections causing excessive temperature differences between different sections in the first shell 3, ensuring that the simulated working conditions are more realistic and effective, and improving the reliability of the measurement data.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first shell 3 has an inner shell, an outer shell, and a first insulation layer arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell, and a second insulation layer is provided on the outer sides of the first section 611 and the second section 612. The first insulation layer can prevent the loss of cold, and the second insulation layer can simulate the insulation performance of the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62, which is also convenient for improving and optimizing the insulation performance of the pipeline and reducing the heat loss of the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the liquid supply tank 4 includes a second shell 41 and a first heat exchange coil 42, the second shell 41 has a first cavity 411 and a second cavity 412 connected to each other, the first heat exchange coil 42 is arranged in the first cavity 411, one end of the first heat exchange coil 42 is connected to the third pipeline 63, the other end of the first heat exchange coil 42 is connected to the second cavity 412, the second inlet 43 is connected to the end of the first cavity 411 away from the second cavity 412, and the second cavity 412 has a second outlet 44, and the second outlet 44 is used to connect to the collector assembly 1.

[0057] It should be understood that the working fluid entering the first chamber 411 from the second inlet 43 and the working fluid entering the first heat exchange coil 42 from the heat storage tank 2 undergo heat exchange. On the one hand, the arrangement of the first heat exchange coil 42 facilitates more uniform indirect contact heat exchange between two working fluids from different sources and different temperatures, and makes the temperatures of the two working fluids from different sources entering the second chamber 412 tend to be consistent, thereby improving the temperature consistency of the mixed working fluids in the second chamber 412.

[0058] In addition, when adjusting the flow rates of two working fluids from different sources and at different temperatures, it is also possible to ensure that the working fluids from the two different sources can be evenly mixed.

[0059] Furthermore, the liquid supply box 4 further includes an electric heating component 45, which is disposed in the second cavity 412. The electric heating component 45 can heat the working medium in the second cavity 412 to increase the working medium temperature in the second cavity 412.

[0060] For example, in order to simulate the antifreeze performance and antifreeze strategy of the solar collector under the condition of no light at night, the working fluid temperature in the liquid supply tank 4 needs to reach a certain value, such as 30 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius. At this time, it can be simulated how to use the waste heat in the system for antifreeze.

[0061] Furthermore, the liquid supply tank 4 is connected to a refrigeration unit 5 to cool the working medium in the liquid supply tank 4. The refrigeration unit 5 cools the working medium in the liquid supply tank 4 to reduce the temperature of the working medium in the second chamber 412.

[0062] For example, in order to simulate the operation of a solar thermal collector during the startup phase, or the situation after the solar thermal collector is frozen, the working fluid temperature in the entire system needs to be low. At this time, the working fluid in the liquid supply tank 4 and the pipeline in the first shell 3 can be cooled by the refrigeration unit 5.

[0063] In some embodiments, the solar thermal collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics also includes a temperature detection component 7. There are multiple temperature detection components 7. The working fluid inlet and outlet ends of the collector assembly 1, the working fluid inlet and outlet ends of the heat storage tank 2, and the working fluid inlet and outlet ends of the liquid supply tank 4 are all provided with temperature detection components 7.

[0064] The embodiment of the present invention is also provided with a flow detection component, a pressure detection component, etc., which are used to monitor the flow information of different sections of the detection system, or the data under different working conditions, and then evaluate the performance of the solar thermal collector.

[0065] In some embodiments, the working fluid flowing in the collector assembly 1, the heat storage tank 2 and the liquid supply tank 4 is water or antifreeze. Since different working fluids have different freezing temperatures, the embodiments of the present invention can evaluate the performance of different working fluids in the solar heat collection process by changing the working fluid.

[0066] In some embodiments, the solar thermal performance detection system based on environmental characteristics also includes a solar radiation meter, which is used to measure the total solar radiation. The solar radiation meter can measure the solar radiation, and then calculate the collector efficiency by combining it with the parameters of the collector assembly 1, environmental parameters, detected temperature, flow pressure and other parameters.

[0067] The control method of the solar thermal collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics in any of the above embodiments disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0068] The refrigeration unit is used to cool the environment in the first shell 3 to a first temperature threshold, which is lower than the outdoor ambient temperature, to simulate the outdoor low temperature condition during the illumination period, and obtain the heat collection performance parameters of the solar heat collection device under the low temperature condition.

[0069] The first temperature threshold is 15 degrees Celsius, 10 degrees Celsius, 0 degrees Celsius, -5 degrees Celsius, -13 degrees Celsius, etc.

[0070] The temperature, flow rate and pressure of the working fluid entering the collector can also be adjusted according to the situation, the length of the first pipeline 61 and the second pipeline 62 in the first chamber can be adjusted, and the temperature of the working fluid entering the first chamber and flowing out of the first chamber in the first pipeline 61 and the temperature of the working fluid entering the first chamber and flowing out of the first chamber in the second pipeline 62 can be measured to obtain multi-dimensional data information.

[0071] The refrigeration unit is used to cool and temperature-adjust the environment in the first shell 3 to the second temperature threshold, and the working fluid in the liquid supply tank 4 is temperature-adjusted by the electric heating component 45 or the refrigeration unit 5, and the collector component 1 is not exposed to sunlight. The second temperature threshold is lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid, and the low-temperature working condition in the no-light period is simulated to obtain the antifreeze performance parameters of the solar thermal collector under low-temperature working conditions.

[0072] The second temperature threshold can be -5 degrees Celsius, -8 degrees Celsius, -15 degrees Celsius, -20 degrees Celsius, etc. By simulating the working fluid of the solar thermal collector in an environment where it can be frozen, how to use the waste heat in the collector for antifreeze, or how to use heating tape, electric heating, etc. to achieve antifreeze, it helps to formulate the working fluid heating cycle time under different antifreeze strategies, and facilitates the comprehensive use of multiple antifreeze strategies.

[0073] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0074] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0075] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0076] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0077] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0078] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics, characterized in that: include: a collector assembly having a first inlet and a first outlet; A heat storage tank, wherein an inlet end of the heat storage tank is connected to the first outlet through a first pipeline, and the working fluid is stored in the heat storage tank after being heated by the collector assembly; A liquid supply tank, wherein the outlet end of the liquid supply tank is connected to the first inlet via a second pipeline for conveying the working medium in the liquid supply tank into the collector assembly, a third pipeline between the heat storage tank and the liquid supply tank, the third pipeline for conveying the working medium in the heat storage tank into the liquid supply tank, the liquid supply tank further having a second inlet, the second inlet for conveying the working medium into the liquid supply tank, the working medium conveyed into the liquid supply tank by the second inlet and the working medium conveyed into the liquid supply tank by the heat storage tank are mixed to convey a constant temperature working medium to the collector assembly; A first shell, wherein the first shell has a first cavity, and at least a partial section of the first pipeline and at least a partial section of the second pipeline are arranged in the first cavity; A refrigeration unit is connected to the first cavity, and the refrigeration unit is used to adjust the ambient temperature in the first cavity.

2. The solar energy heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first pipeline and the second pipeline located in the first shell both include: A first section, both ends of which extend out of the first housing, and a first control valve is disposed on the first section; The second section is arranged in parallel with the first control valve on the first section, and the second section is provided with a second control valve.

3. The solar thermal collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of the first control valves is multiple, and the number of the second sections is the same as the number of the first control valves; and / or, the first section and the second section are arranged at intervals in the first shell; And / or, the first shell has an inner shell, an outer shell, and a first thermal insulation layer arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the outer sides of the first section and the second section are covered with a second thermal insulation layer.

4. The solar thermal performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The liquid supply tank includes a second shell and a first heat exchange coil, the second shell has a first cavity and a second cavity that are connected to each other, the first heat exchange coil is arranged in the first cavity, one end of the first heat exchange coil is connected to the third pipeline, the other end of the first heat exchange coil is connected to the second cavity, the second inlet is connected to an end of the first cavity away from the second cavity, the second cavity has a second outlet, and the second outlet is used to connect to the collector assembly.

5. The solar energy heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to claim 4 is characterized in that: It also includes an electric heating component, which is arranged in the second cavity.

6. The solar energy heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The liquid supply tank is connected to the refrigeration unit to cool the working medium in the liquid supply tank.

7. The solar energy heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a temperature detection component, and the number of the temperature detection components is multiple. The working fluid inlet and outlet ends of the collector assembly, the working fluid inlet and outlet ends of the heat storage tank, and the working fluid inlet and outlet ends of the liquid supply tank are all provided with the temperature detection components.

8. The solar energy heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The working medium flowing in the heat collector assembly, the heat storage tank and the liquid supply tank is water or antifreeze liquid.

9. The solar energy heat collection performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a solar radiation meter, which is used to measure the total radiation of sunlight.

10. A method for controlling the solar thermal performance detection system based on environmental characteristics according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Using a refrigeration unit to cool the environment in the first shell to a first temperature threshold, the first temperature threshold is lower than the outdoor ambient temperature, simulating an outdoor low temperature condition during a light period, and obtaining a heat collection performance parameter of the solar heat collection device under the low temperature condition; A refrigeration unit is used to cool and adjust the temperature of the environment in the first shell to a second temperature threshold, and the working fluid in the liquid supply tank is temperature-controlled by an electric heating component or a refrigeration unit, and the collector component is protected from sunlight. The second temperature threshold is less than the freezing temperature of the working fluid, and the low-temperature working condition in a no-light period is simulated to obtain the antifreeze performance parameters of the solar thermal collector under low-temperature conditions.

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