Variable-density charging design method for mixed-loaded water-gel explosive based on irregular free face
By using the variable density charge design method of mixed water glue explosives in open-air deep hole steps blasting, the problem of irregular air-side charging design is solved, and more efficient explosive energy utilization and safer blasting effect are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411675858.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
AI Technical Summary
In the blasting of open-air deep hole steps, the existing technology is difficult to effectively solve the problem of charging design in irregular air-side surfaces, resulting in uneven distribution of explosive energy, which is prone to causing damage to flying stones and undesirable blasting effects.
Using the variable density charge design method based on mixed water glue explosives, the vertical curve and standard control line of the air-side surface of the gun hole are determined, and the resistance line is smaller, larger and standard areas are divided, and the corresponding design is based on these areas. Density reduction, adjustment and normal charging sections realize the design of variable density charging.
The accuracy of loading of irregular air-side surfaces of the open-air deep hole steps has been improved, the flying stones of blasting are reduced, the energy utilization rate of explosives is improved, and the safety and quality of blasting are ensured.
Smart Images
Figure CN119468833A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of explosive blasting, and in particular to a design method for variable-density charge of mixed water-gel explosive based on an irregular free surface. Background Art
[0002] Mixed water gel explosives have good waterproof and anti-seepage properties, and are suitable for multi-scene, multi-condition, and multi-type blasting applications. The density of mixed water gel explosives varies from 0.35g / cm 3 ~1.25g / cm 3 The explosive sensitization rate is high and the stability after sensitization gelation is good. Through the terminal sensitization gelation, the multi-stage charging structure with different densities can be realized automatically and quickly, so that the energy distribution of the explosive is more balanced, which is beneficial to further improve the blasting effect. At the same time, the detonation velocity range of the explosive is about 1500m / s~5000m / s, which can better match the blasting needs of different rocks, improve the energy utilization rate of the explosive, reduce the scope of the crushing area, and is beneficial to control the blasting hazard effect.
[0003] At present, the conventional charging design for open-pit deep-hole step blasting is relatively simple. The explosives in the hole usually have a single density. For irregular free surfaces, the main method used is to adjust the plugging length to control the charging amount. The energy distribution of the explosives is uneven, and the area with a small resistance line is prone to flying stone hazards, while the area with a large resistance line is prone to large blocks or unsatisfactory forward throwing. Summary of the invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a variable-density charging design method for mixed water-gel explosives based on irregular free-surface blasting, which can improve the charging accuracy of irregular free-surface blasting in open-pit deep-hole step blasting, reduce blasting flying rocks and improve the energy utilization rate of explosives, thereby ensuring the safety and quality of open-pit deep-hole step blasting.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] The present invention provides a variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
[0007] S1: determining the vertical curve of the free surface of the blasthole, and determining the free surface standard control line based on the vertical curve of the free surface;
[0008] S2: determining the central axis of the blasthole, and determining the minimum resistance line of the blasthole based on the central axis of the blasthole and the standard control line of the open surface;
[0009] S3: Determine the standard control line inside the open surface and the standard control line outside the open surface of the blasthole based on the minimum resistance line and the standard control line of the open surface;
[0010] S4: Determine the area with a small resistance line, the area with a large resistance line, and the standard resistance line area of the free surface based on the standard control line inside the free surface, the vertical curve of the free surface, and the standard control line outside the free surface;
[0011] S5: The bottom of the blasthole is taken as a high-density design charging section, and the charging section areas corresponding to the smaller resistance line area, the larger resistance line area, and the standard resistance line area are respectively taken as the blasthole design density reduction charging section, the design density increase charging section, and the normal design density charging section, and a blasthole blocking section is designed to seal the gun muzzle.
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when the blasthole is designed next to an irregular free surface, the designer first needs to determine the free surface vertical curve of the blasthole according to the actual geographical location. The free surface vertical curve is the curve corresponding to the irregular free surface, and then find the highest and lowest points of the free surface vertical curve. The highest point and the lowest point are connected to obtain the free surface standard control line. Then, the position of the central axis of the blasthole is determined according to the designed blasthole, and the minimum resistance line can be determined according to the blasting design requirements and the central axis of the blasthole. After that, the standard control line inside the free surface and the standard control line outside the free surface used to determine the free surface area can be determined according to the minimum resistance line and the free surface standard control line. Then, the standard control line inside the free surface, the vertical curve of the free surface, and the standard control line outside the free surface are used to divide the area with low resistance, the area with high resistance, and the standard area of the resistance line for determining the charging section. The resistance of the area with low resistance on the free surface is low, and the corresponding charging section of the blasthole needs less charge for blasting. The resistance of the area with high resistance is high, and the corresponding charging section of the blasthole needs more charge for blasting. The resistance of the standard area of the resistance line is moderate, and the corresponding charging section of the blasthole is normally charged for blasting. Since the bottom of the blasthole has the most contact with the rock and soil, the bottom of the blasthole is used as the high-density design charging section, and the charging section corresponding to the area with low resistance line, the area with high resistance line, and the standard area of the resistance line are used as the design density reduction charging section, the design density increase charging section, and the normal design density charging section of the blasthole, respectively, and the blasthole blocking section is blocked at the muzzle design to achieve variable density charging design. In the above-mentioned charging design method, the charging accuracy of irregular free surfaces in open-pit deep hole step blasting can be improved, blasting flying rocks can be reduced and the energy utilization rate of explosives can be improved, thereby ensuring the safety and quality of open-pit deep hole step blasting.
[0013] Optionally, step S3 includes:
[0014] The standard control line inside the free surface is determined inside the standard control line of the free surface, and the standard control line outside the free surface is determined outside the standard control line of the free surface. The distance between the standard control line inside the free surface and the free surface control line is d1, and the distance between the standard control line outside the free surface and the standard control line of the free surface is d2, d1=d2=d, and the value of the control line distance d is not greater than 0.1 times of the minimum resistance line.
[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the standard control line inside the free surface is located inside the standard control line of the free surface, and the corresponding free surface is weaker (the area with a smaller resistance line), so less charge is needed for blasting. By setting the standard control line inside the free surface, it can be used to determine whether the corresponding position of the blasthole is normally charged or less charged. The standard control line outside the free surface is located outside the standard control line of the free surface, and the corresponding free surface is thicker (the area with a larger resistance line), so more charge is needed for blasting. By setting the standard control line outside the free surface, it can be used to determine whether the corresponding position of the blasthole is normally charged or more charged.
[0016] Optionally, step S4 includes:
[0017] The area where the vertical curve of the free surface is located inside the standard control line inside the free surface is taken as the area with a small resistance line, the area where the vertical curve of the free surface is located outside the standard control line outside the free surface is taken as the area with a large resistance line, and the area where the vertical curve of the free surface is located between the standard control line inside the free surface and the standard control line outside the free surface is taken as the standard area of the resistance line.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the area with a small resistance line, the area with a large resistance line and the standard resistance line area can be determined, so as to charge the blasthole according to the size of the resistance line.
[0019] Optionally, the designed density reduction charging section is a blasthole charging area section extending from the intersection point of the vertical curve of the free surface and the standard control line in the free surface in the direction of the resistance line to the intersection of the central axis of the blasthole.
[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the designed density reduction charging section can be determined through the vertical curve of the free surface, the standard control line within the free surface, the resistance line and the central axis of the borehole.
[0021] Optionally, the designed density-adjusted charging section is a blasthole charging area section extending from the intersection of the vertical curve of the free surface and the standard control line outside the free surface in the direction of the resistance line to the intersection of the central axis of the blasthole.
[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the designed density adjustment charging section can be determined through the vertical curve of the free surface, the standard control line outside the free surface, the resistance line and the central axis of the borehole.
[0023] Optionally, the explosive density of the normal design density charge section is 常 , when the rock compressive strength R c <20MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.55g / cm 3 ~0.65g / cm 3 ; When the rock compressive strength is 20MPa≤R c <40MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.65g / cm 3 ~0.75g / cm 3 ; When the rock compressive strength is 40MPa≤R c <60MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.75g / cm 3 ~0.9g / cm 3 ; When the rock compressive strength R c ≥60MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.9g / cm 3 above.
[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the rock compressive strength R c Determine the explosive density ρ of the normal design density charging section 常 .
[0025] Optionally, the explosive density of the high-density designed charging section is 高 , ρ 高 is 常 1.2 to 1.5 times of.
[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the explosive density ρ of the normal design density charging section can be 常 Determine the explosive density ρ of the high-density design charging section 高 .
[0027] Optionally, the explosive density of the designed density reduction charging section is ρ 减 , ρ 减 The calculation formula is:
[0028]
[0029] Among them, S 小 Represents the area of the smaller resistance line, h 减 represents the charging height of the designed density reduction charging section, and l represents the length of the minimum resistance line.
[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the area S of the small area of the resistance line can be 小 , design density adjustment charging height h of charging section 减, the length of the minimum resistance line l, the explosive density ρ of the normal design density charging section 常 And the control line distance d determines the explosive density ρ of the design density reduction charging section 减 .
[0031] Optionally, the explosive density of the designed density adjustment charging section is ρ 增 , ρ 增 The calculation formula is:
[0032]
[0033] Among them, S 大 Represents the area of the larger area of the resistance line, h 增 represents the charging height of the designed density-adjusted charging section, and l represents the length of the minimum resistance line.
[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the area S of the larger area of the resistance line can be 大 , design density adjustment charging section charging height h 增 , the length of the minimum resistance line l, the explosive density ρ of the normal design density charging section 常 And the control line distance d determines the explosive density ρ of the design density adjustment charging section 增 .
[0035] In summary, the present invention at least includes the following beneficial technical effects:
[0036] 1. This charging design method replaces the conventional charging design method of single explosive density and plugging length control, improves the utilization rate of explosive energy in rock breaking, meets the charging operation of irregular free surface in open-pit deep hole step blasting, and can further ensure blasting safety and improve blasting effect.
[0037] 2. By designing standard control lines inside and outside the air-facing surface, the areas that require key control are determined, and the corresponding charging sections are dynamically adjusted to ensure blasting safety and blasting effect.
[0038] 3. Determine the matching charge density through indicators such as rock compressive strength, providing a reference for variable density charge structure.
[0039] 4. Calculate the corresponding charging section adjustment value by the large and small range of resistance line to achieve a more scientific and reasonable charging design. Description of the drawings:
[0040] Figure 1 The figure is a flowchart of the design method of variable density charge of mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface.
[0041] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the variable density charging design method for mixed water gel explosives based on irregular free surface.
[0042] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Vertical curve of the free surface; 2. Standard control line of the free surface; 3. Central axis of the borehole; 4. Minimum resistance line; 5. Resistance line; 6. Standard control line inside the free surface; 7. Standard control line outside the free surface; 8. Area with smaller resistance line; 9. Area with larger resistance line; 10. High-density design charging section; 11. Design density reduced charging section; 12. Design density increased charging section; 13. Normal design density charging section; 14. Borehole plugging section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.
[0044] The terms used in the following embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to be used as limitations of the present invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular expressions "one", "a kind of", "said", "above", "the" and "this" are intended to also include plural expressions, unless there is a clear contrary indication in its context. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the present invention refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more listed items. The term "exemplary" means "used as an example, embodiment or illustrative", and any embodiment described as "exemplary" here does not have to be interpreted as being superior to or better than other embodiments. The terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as implying or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" can expressly or implicitly include one or more of these features, and in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more.
[0045] The embodiment of the present invention provides a variable density charging method for on-site mixed water gel explosive based on an irregular free surface.
[0046] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface includes the following steps:
[0047] S1: Determine the vertical curve 1 of the free surface of the blasthole, and determine the standard control line 2 of the free surface of the blasthole based on the vertical curve 1 of the free surface.
[0048] The curve corresponding to the irregular free surface next to the designed blasthole is taken as the free surface vertical curve 1. According to the relevant requirements of open-pit deep hole step blasting design, the free surface standard control line 2 is consistent with the top and bottom positions of the free surface vertical curve 1, so the free surface standard control line 2 is determined according to the free surface vertical curve 1.
[0049] S2: Determine the central axis 3 of the blasthole, and determine the minimum resistance line 4 of the blasthole based on the central axis 3 of the blasthole and the standard control line 2 of the open surface.
[0050] The center axis 3 of the blasthole is determined according to the designed blasthole. The center axis 3 of the blasthole has multiple resistance lines 5 from the standard control line 2 of the free surface. Then the minimum resistance line 4 is determined. The minimum resistance line 4 must meet the requirements of the blasting design to ensure construction safety.
[0051] S3: Based on the minimum resistance line 4 and the standard control line 2 of the open surface, determine the standard control line 6 inside the open surface of the blasthole and the standard control line 7 outside the open surface.
[0052] The standard control line 6 inside the free surface is located inside the standard control line 2 of the free surface. The standard control line 7 outside the free surface is located outside the standard control line 2 of the free surface. The standard control line 6 inside the free surface, the standard control line 2 of the free surface and the standard control line 7 outside the free surface are parallel. The distance between the standard control line 6 inside the free surface and the standard control line 2 of the free surface is d1, and the distance between the standard control line 7 outside the free surface and the standard control line 2 of the free surface is d2. d1=d2=d, the control line distance d is not greater than 0.1 times the minimum resistance line 4. When the minimum resistance line 4 is 5m, that is, the value of d should be less than 0.5m, d can be 0.45m, etc.
[0053] S4: Based on the standard control line 6 inside the free surface, the vertical curve 1 of the free surface and the standard control line 7 outside the free surface, determine the area 8 where the resistance line is too small, the area 9 where the resistance line is too large and the standard area of the resistance line.
[0054] The area where the vertical curve 1 of the free surface is located inside the standard control line 6 within the free surface is taken as the area 8 with a small resistance line, the area where the vertical curve 1 of the free surface is located outside the standard control line 7 outside the free surface is taken as the area 9 with a large resistance line, and the area where the vertical curve 1 of the free surface is located between the standard control line 6 within the free surface and the standard control line 7 outside the free surface is taken as the standard resistance line area.
[0055] S5: The bottom of the blast hole is used as the high-density design charging section 10, and the charging section areas corresponding to the small resistance line area 8, the large resistance line area 9, and the standard resistance line area are used as the design density reduced charging section 11, the design density increased charging section 12, and the normal design density charging section 13 respectively, and the blast hole plugging section 14 is designed to seal the gun muzzle.
[0056] The design density reduction charging section 11, the design density increase charging section 12, and the normal design density charging section 13 are variable density charging sections. The design density reduction charging section 11 is the blasthole charging section extending from the intersection of the vertical curve 1 of the free surface and the standard control line 6 inside the free surface to the resistance line 5 and the intersection of the central axis 3 of the blasthole. The design density increase charging section 12 is the blasthole charging section extending from the intersection of the vertical curve 1 of the free surface and the standard control line 7 outside the free surface to the resistance line 5 and the intersection of the central axis 3 of the blasthole.
[0057] The explosive density of the high-density design charging section 10 is ρ 高 , the design density is reduced and the explosive density of charging section 11 is ρ 减 The explosive density of the designed density-adjusting charging section 12 is ρ 增 , the explosive density of the normal design density charging section 13 is ρ 常 .
[0058] Since the bottom of the blasthole is in the most contact with the rock and soil, the bottom of the blasthole is used as a high-density designed charge section 10 to ensure the blasting effect at the bottom of the blasthole.
[0059] ρ 常 Compressive strength of rock R c When the rock compressive strength R c <20MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.55g / cm 3 ~0.65g / cm 3 , when the rock compressive strength is 20MPa≤R c <40MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.65g / cm 3 ~0.75g / cm 3 , when the rock compressive strength is 40MPa≤R c <60MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.75g / cm 3 ~0.9g / cm 3 , when the rock compressive strength R c ≥60MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.9g / cm 3 The rock compressive strength R of an open-pit limestone mine c ≈32MPa, then ρ 常 Value 0.65g / cm 3 ~0.75g / cm 3 , can be taken as 0.7g / cm 3 .
[0060] ρ 高 is 常 1.2 to 1.5 times of.
[0061] ρ 减 The calculation formula is:
[0062]
[0063] Among them, S 小 represents the area of the smaller resistance line area 8, h 减 represents the charge height of the design density reduction charge section 11, and l represents the length of the minimum resistance line 4.
[0064] ρ 增 The calculation formula is:
[0065]
[0066] Among them, S 大 Represents the area of the larger resistance line area 9, h 增 Represents the charge height of the designed density-adjusted charge section 12.
[0067] In the variable density charging design method of mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface, since variable density charging design is performed for the area 8 where the resistance line is relatively small and the area 9 where the resistance line is relatively large, it is possible to improve the charging accuracy of the irregular free surface of open-pit deep hole step blasting, reduce blasting flying rocks and improve the energy utilization rate of explosives, thereby ensuring the safety and quality of open-pit deep hole step blasting.
[0068] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to introduce the technical solution of the present invention in detail, but the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. Changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by technicians in this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: determining a vertical curve (1) of the free surface of the blasthole, and determining a standard control line (2) of the free surface of the blasthole based on the vertical curve (1); S2: determining a blasthole central axis (3) of the blasthole, and determining a minimum resistance line (4) of the blasthole based on the blasthole central axis (3) and a standard control line (2) of the open surface; S3: determining a standard control line (6) inside the open face of the blasthole and a standard control line (7) outside the open face based on the minimum resistance line (4) and the standard control line (2) on the open face; S4: Determine the resistance line smaller area (8), the resistance line larger area (9), and the resistance line standard area of the free surface based on the free surface inner standard control line (6), the free surface vertical curve (1), and the free surface outer standard control line (7); S5: The bottom of the blasthole is used as a high-density design charging section (10), and the charging section areas corresponding to the resistance line smaller area (8), the resistance line larger area (9), and the resistance line standard area are used as the blasthole design density reduction charging section (11), the design density increase charging section (12), and the normal design density charging section (13), respectively, and a blasthole plugging section (14) is designed to seal the gun muzzle.
2. The variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: A standard control line (6) inside the free surface is determined inside the standard control line (2) of the free surface, and a standard control line (7) outside the free surface is determined outside the standard control line (2) of the free surface. The distance between the standard control line (6) inside the free surface and the free surface control line (2) is d1, and the distance between the standard control line (7) outside the free surface and the standard control line (2) of the free surface is d2, d1=d2=d, and the value of the control line distance d is not greater than 0.1 times the minimum resistance line (4).
3. The variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: The step S4 comprises: The area where the free surface vertical curve (1) is located inside the free surface standard control line (6) is used as the resistance line smaller area (8), the area where the free surface vertical curve (1) is located outside the free surface standard control line (7) is used as the resistance line larger area (9), and the area where the free surface vertical curve (1) is located between the free surface standard control line (6) and the free surface standard control line (7) is used as the resistance line standard area.
4. The variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: The designed density reduction charging section (11) is a blasthole charging area section extending from the intersection of the free surface vertical curve (1) and the free surface standard control line (6) in the direction of the resistance line (5) to the intersection of the blasthole central axis (3).
5. The variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: The designed density-adjusted charging section (12) is a blasthole charging area section extending from the intersection of the free surface vertical curve (1) and the free surface external standard control line (7) in the direction of the resistance line (5) to the intersection of the blasthole central axis (3).
6. The variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The explosive density of the normal design density charging section (13) is ρ 常 , when the rock compressive strength R c <20MPa, ρ 常 The value is 0.55g / cm 3 ~0.65g / cm 3 ; When the rock compressive strength is 20MPa≤R c <40MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.65g / em 3 ~0.75g / cm 3 ; When the rock compressive strength is 40MPa≤R c <60MPa, ρ 常 The value is 0.75g / cm 3 ~0.9g / cm 3 ; When the rock compressive strength R c ≥60MPa,ρ 常 The value is 0.9g / em 3 above.
7. The variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: The explosive density of the high-density designed charging section (10) is ρ 高 , ρ 高 is 常 1.2 to 1.5 times of.
8. The variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The explosive density of the designed density reduction charging section (11) is ρ 减 , ρ 减 The calculation formula is: Among them, S 小 represents the area of the smaller area (8) of the resistance line, h 减 represents the charge height of the designed density reduction charge section (11), and l represents the length of the minimum resistance line (4).
9. The variable density charge design method for mixed water gel explosive based on irregular free surface as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The explosive density of the designed density adjustment charging section (12) is ρ 增 , ρ 增 The calculation formula is: Among them, S 大 represents the area of the larger area (9) of the resistance line, h 增 represents the charge height of the designed density-adjusting charge section (12), and l represents the length of the minimum resistance line (4).