A blasting charge structure and a blasting method for shaft blocking

Abstract

The application provides a chute blocking blasting charge structure and a blasting method, and relates to the technical field of blasting, and comprises an explosion device and an ignition device.The explosion device comprises an umbrella-shaped explosion assembly and a columnar explosion assembly, and the columnar explosion assembly is located between the umbrella-shaped explosion assembly and the ignition device.The umbrella-shaped explosion assembly comprises a plurality of limiting frameworks and first explosives fixed on the surfaces of the limiting frameworks, adjacent two limiting frameworks have a predetermined angle, and a plurality of the limiting frameworks form an umbrella-shaped structure at the lower end of a blocking body.The application greatly improves the effect of blasting construction, ensures the safety of blasting, improves the efficiency of underground blasting construction, is convenient for on-site construction, can effectively deal with long-distance blocking of a main chute shaft, and is well applied in mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blasting technology, and in particular to a blasting charge structure and blasting method for plugging well chutes. Background Technology

[0002] The main pass is the critical engineering project for the collection, storage and transportation of ore and rock in underground metal mines. Its stability and smooth operation directly affect the normal production of the mine. Because the main pass is affected by both static stress field and impact load, its stress state is complex, its stability is poor, and its failure rate is high.

[0003] Some main ore passes span two intermediate sections. Due to the complex engineering and hydrogeological conditions of the surrounding rock, there has long been a contradiction between the transportation of large amounts of mine waste rock and the control of the ore discharge rhythm. This has resulted in the excessive accumulation and hardening of ore and waste rock in the ore passes for a long time, causing serious blockages.

[0004] When a blockage occurs in the main ore pass, it will cause the interruption of ore and waste rock transportation in some sections of the mine, resulting in significant economic losses or a substantial increase in ore transportation costs, thus reducing economic efficiency. Therefore, in light of actual production conditions, in-depth research on the anti-blockage mechanism of the main ore pass, the adoption of reasonable and effective charging structures for ore pass blockage treatment, and timely treatment (explosive unblocking) of the blocked ore pass to restore its transportation function are of paramount importance to ensuring efficient production.

[0005] The main ore body of a certain copper mine adopts the large-diameter deep hole void filling method followed by one-time filling, the thin to medium-thick gently dipping ore body adopts the segmented void filling method, and the small ore body and residual ore adopt the shallow hole retention method. The mine's production scale is about 1.35 million tons / year.

[0006] There are numerous main ore passes distributed across four ore bodies. Due to the complex engineering and hydrogeological conditions of the surrounding rock in some of these passes, there has long been a conflict between the transportation of large quantities of ore and waste rock and the control of the ore discharge rhythm. This has resulted in the excessive accumulation of ore and waste rock in the passes for extended periods, leading to hardening and severe blockages. For example, passes #22 and #23 in one ore body, as well as pass #1 in a deeper ore body, are frequently blocked, affecting the normal transportation of ore and waste rock, reducing transportation efficiency, increasing transportation costs, and severely hindering efficient production. Traditional single-explosive blasting methods are simple to implement, but due to the limitations of the blast structure, they cannot generate a combined shock wave effect, failing to subject the blocked structure to multiple impact vibrations. For severely blocked structures, multiple blasts are often required, affecting the speed and safety of underground construction. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a blasting charge structure and blasting method for clogging ore passes. This invention greatly improves the effectiveness of blasting operations, ensuring blasting safety while increasing the efficiency of underground blasting operations. Moreover, it facilitates on-site construction and can effectively handle clogging of main ore passes, finding good application in mines.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A blasting charge structure for plugging a well chute includes an explosive device and a detonation device. The explosive device includes an umbrella-shaped explosive assembly and a columnar explosive assembly, with the columnar explosive assembly located between the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly and the detonation device. The umbrella-shaped explosive assembly includes several limiting frames and a first explosive fixed to the surface of the limiting frames. Adjacent limiting frames have a predetermined angle, and the multiple limiting frames are located at the lower end of the plugging body to form an umbrella-shaped structure.

[0010] Preferably, the columnar explosive assembly includes several vertically arranged second explosives, and a plug is provided on the outside of the bottommost second explosive, the lower end surface of which is connected to multiple limiting skeletons.

[0011] Preferably, a sand-filling structure is provided between the lower end of the second explosive at the bottom and the upper end of the plug, and the thickness of the sand-filling structure is not greater than 0.2m.

[0012] Preferably, the detonation device includes a thin iron wire and a detonator.

[0013] A method for blasting a blocked well chute, using the aforementioned blasting structure, includes the following steps: S1, a first group of workers constructs the explosive device as described in any one of claims in a third chamber; S2, a second group of workers constructs a vertical deep hole downwards towards the blockage body in a second chamber; S3, after the vertical deep hole is completed, the second group of workers drops the detonating device along the vertical deep hole towards the third chamber until the first group of workers in the third chamber comes into contact with the detonating device; S4, the first group of workers fixes the explosive device to the lower surface of the detonating device, and after the explosive device is fixed, the second group of workers in the second chamber pulls the detonating device and the explosive device upwards until the explosive device is pressed tightly against the lower end of the blockage body; S5, the explosive device is detonated by the detonating device to complete the blasting operation on the blockage body.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the diameter of the vertical deep hole is 110 mm, the inclination angle is 90°, and the depth is not less than the length of the blockage.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, an umbrella-shaped explosive device is made using coarse iron wire and geotextile. The cross-sectional area of ​​the explosive device is smaller than that of the chute, and at least two first explosive charges are tied to the limiting frame of the umbrella-shaped structure.

[0016] Preferably, 10 fine emulsion explosives are connected to the main detonating cord, which is pre-tied with 3 cylindrical explosives at the bottom of the hole, using a detonating cord, and then connected to the outside of the hole by plugging the borehole inside the hole.

[0017] Preferably, outside the hole, the main detonating cord is connected to an electronic detonator in preparation for detonation; a water-sealed bag (total length 1.4m) is used to seal the explosive charge at the bottom of the hole.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, this method utilizes two different explosive charges to deliver a multi-directional blasting impact to the blockage, allowing the blasting energy to collide, dismember, and pulverize the blockage in multiple dimensions. Compared with the impact blasting effect of a single explosive charge, the destructive effect on the blockage is more significant and the effect is better. Practice has proven that this new charging structure and its treatment method are very effective in treating long blockages in well chutes, extending the service life of the well chutes. This charging structure for well blockage treatment combines a novel explosive charge structure with an umbrella-shaped charge suspended at the bottom of the well hole inside the blockage and a columnar explosive charge inside the hole, enabling multi-directional and three-dimensional blasting of the blockage. The combined effect of the shock waves generated by blasting causes the blockage to disintegrate and loosen due to multiple impacts and vibrations. Smaller pieces of rock fall into the ore pass funnel multiple times, and this process is repeated until longer blockages are gradually broken up and fall, thus clearing the ore pass and restoring its normal function. This is a new type of ore pass blockage treatment method that requires a small amount of blasting and is easy to handle. It greatly improves the effectiveness of blasting operations, ensures blasting safety while increasing the efficiency of underground blasting operations, and is convenient for on-site construction. It can effectively treat blockages in the main ore pass and has been widely used in mines. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a comparative schematic diagram of different blasting stages of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram at point A.

[0022] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram at point B.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the columnar explosion assembly of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 100, First chamber; 200, Mine chute; 300, Second chamber; 400, Detonation device; 500, Third chamber; 600, Explosive device; 610, Umbrella-shaped explosive assembly; 611, Limiting frame; 612, First explosive; 620, Columnar explosive assembly; 621, Second explosive; 622, Sand-filling structure; 623, Hole plug; 700, Blocking body. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] To address the technical problems mentioned in the background section, see Appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 4 A blasting charge structure for plugging a well chute includes an explosive device 600 and a detonating device 400. The explosive device 600 includes an umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 and a columnar explosive assembly 620. The columnar explosive assembly 620 is located between the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 and the detonating device 400. The umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 includes several limiting frames 611 and a first explosive 612 fixed to the surface of the limiting frames 611. There is a predetermined angle between two adjacent limiting frames 611. The multiple limiting frames 611 are located at the lower end of the plugging body 700 to form an umbrella-shaped structure.

[0027] It should be noted that the multiple limiting frames 611 here can be made from discarded umbrella structures. When opened, they can disperse multiple first explosives 612 in different positions to form a multi-point umbrella-shaped blasting structure. They are handmade using thick iron wire, geotextile, adhesive tape, and related tools.

[0028] It should also be noted that the included angle between two adjacent limiting skeletons 611 is 60°, which can distribute multiple first explosives 612 relatively evenly at different angular positions. The angle here can be adjusted according to the structure of the blocking body 700, and it is only necessary to disperse the multiple first explosives 612.

[0029] By using two different explosive charges to conduct multi-directional blasting impacts on the blockage, the blasting energy can collide, dismember, and pulverize the blockage in multiple dimensions. Compared with the impact blasting effect of a single explosive charge, the destructive effect on the blockage is more obvious and the effect is better. Practice has proven that this new explosive charge structure and its treatment method are very effective in dealing with long blockages in well chutes.

[0030] The columnar explosive assembly 620 includes several vertically arranged second explosives 621. A plug 623 is provided on the outside of the bottommost second explosive 621. The lower surface of the plug 623 is connected to multiple limiting frames 611. Here, the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 and the columnar explosive assembly 620 are connected to each other. The multiple limiting frames 611 intersect to form a blasting intersection. The bottom of the columnar explosive assembly 620 is located at the upper end of the blasting intersection.

[0031] During the blasting process, the columnar explosive assembly 620 is detonated first, which can generate the first vibration of the surrounding blockage 700. After the columnar explosive assembly 620 detonates, it can drive the multiple first explosives 612 distributed in an umbrella shape around it to detonate synchronously. The multiple first explosives 612 can be located at different positions to form a compound explosive impact on the blockage 700, accelerating the loosening of the blockage 700.

[0032] A sand-filling structure 622 is provided between the lower end of the second explosive 621 at the bottom and the upper end of the plug 623. The thickness of the sand-filling structure 622 is no more than 0.2m. By setting the sand-filling structure 622, the overall blasting effect can be enhanced and the explosives can be prevented from piling up together, thus reducing the blasting effect.

[0033] The detonation device 400 here includes a thin iron wire and a detonator. The thin iron wire can fix the explosive device 600, and at the same time, the thin iron wire can pass through the deep hole constructed in the blocking body 700, which facilitates the construction work in the mine. The detonator is also arranged along with the thin iron wire to control the detonation of the explosive device 600.

[0034] A method for blasting blockages in manholes, using the aforementioned blasting structure for manhole blockages, includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. The first group of workers is located in the third chamber 500 to manufacture the aforementioned explosive device 600. The umbrella-shaped explosive component 610 can be made by hand using a craftsman who makes umbrellas at the top, using thick iron wire, geotextile, tape, and related tools. After completion, it can be carried to the third chamber 500 for installation. Alternatively, it can be made on-site in the third chamber 500. The manufacturing method of the columnar explosive component 620 is similar to that of the umbrella-shaped explosive component 610. The entire assembly can be manufactured within the umbrella-shaped explosive component 610.

[0036] S2. The second group of workers is located in the second chamber 300 and constructs a vertical deep hole downwards toward the blocking body 700. The diameter of the vertical deep hole is 110mm, the inclination angle is 90°, and the depth is not less than the length of the blocking body 700. The construction of the vertical deep hole allows the thin iron wire and detonator in the detonating device 400 to pass through, so that the workers in the second chamber 300 can pull the explosive device 600 in the third chamber 500 to the predetermined position at the lower end of the blocking body 700.

[0037] S3. After the vertical deep hole construction is completed, the second group of workers will drop the detonator 400 along the vertical deep hole toward the third chamber 500 until the first group of workers inside the third chamber 500 comes into contact with the detonator 400. A counterweight can be tied to the lower end of the detonator 400 to accelerate its descent, allowing it to move quickly and accurately into the third chamber 500 under the influence of gravity. The counterweight can be an iron ball to avoid excessive friction during descent and to prevent jamming.

[0038] S4. The first group of workers fixes the explosive device 600 to the lower surface of the detonator 400. After the explosive device 600 is fixed, the second group of workers in the second chamber 300 pulls the detonator 400 and the explosive device 600 upwards until the explosive device 600 is pressed tightly against the lower end of the blocking body.

[0039] The lower end of the explosive device 600 needs to be tightly bound to the detonating device 400 to ensure its stability during lifting and movement; the upper end of the columnar explosive assembly 620 is fixed to the lower end of the detonating device 400, and the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 is fixed to the lower end of the columnar explosive assembly 620 in an umbrella-shaped open state as the whole rises.

[0040] Similarly, a locking structure can be installed inside the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610. During the lifting process of the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610, it can be controlled to be in a closed state to reduce the volume of the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 during the lifting process and prevent the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 from getting stuck during the lifting process. After the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 is lifted to the predetermined position, the locking structure is controlled to open. An elastic reset structure is installed inside the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610, which can control the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 to return to the initial umbrella-shaped state, which is convenient for subsequent detonation.

[0041] S5. Detonate the explosive device 600 using the detonating device 400 to complete the blasting operation on the blockage 700.

[0042] In step S1, an umbrella-shaped explosive device 600 is made using coarse iron wire and geotextile. The cross-sectional area of ​​the explosive device 600 is smaller than that of the chute. At least two first explosive charges 612 are tied to the limiting frame 611 of the umbrella-shaped structure.

[0043] It should be noted that the cross-sectional area of ​​the columnar explosive assembly 620 is smaller than that of the chute, so as to ensure that the columnar explosive assembly 620 can penetrate into the chute cross-section and that the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 can be located at the lower end of the plugging body 700 and abut against the plugging body 700.

[0044] Ten fine emulsion explosives are connected to the bottom of the hole with detonating cords. Ten fine emulsion explosives are installed on the surface of the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610. Three main detonating cords of columnar explosives are pre-tied to the main detonating cords and connected to the outside of the hole by plugging the internal drill hole. A total of 13 explosives are used to achieve multi-angle combined blasting effect.

[0045] Outside the borehole, the main detonating cord is connected to the electronic detonator, ready for detonation. A water-sealed bag (total length 1.4m) is used to seal the explosive charge at the bottom of the borehole. The water-sealed bag, filled with water, seals the explosive charge around it, slowing down the dispersion velocity of the detonation products. This allows the detonation products to act on the rock for a longer period, increasing the rock fragmentation effect and improving the blasting effect. At the same time, the above structure can also protect the vertical deep hole and the blast hole, so as to facilitate subsequent continuous blasting.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blasting charge structure for plugging a well chute, comprising an explosive device (600) and a detonation device (400), characterized in that: The explosive device (600) includes an umbrella-shaped explosive assembly (610) and a cylindrical explosive assembly (620), the cylindrical explosive assembly (620) being located between the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly (610) and the detonating device (400); The umbrella-shaped explosive assembly (610) includes several limiting frames (611) and a first explosive (612) fixed to the surface of the limiting frames (611). There is a predetermined angle between two adjacent limiting frames (611), and the multiple limiting frames (611) are located at the lower end of the blocking body (700) to form an umbrella-shaped structure.

2. The explosive charge structure for plugging well chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The columnar explosive assembly (620) includes several vertically arranged second explosives (621), and a plug (623) is provided on the outside of the bottommost second explosive (621). The lower surface of the plug (623) is connected to multiple limiting skeletons (611).

3. The explosive charge structure for plugging well chutes according to claim 2, characterized in that, A sand-filling structure (622) is provided between the lower end of the second explosive (621) at the bottom and the upper end of the plug (623), and the thickness of the sand-filling structure (622) is not greater than 0.2m.

4. The explosive charge structure for plugging well chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonation device (400) includes a thin iron wire and a detonator.

5. A blasting method for clogging a well chute, characterized in that, The explosive charge structure for plugging well chutes according to any one of claims 1-3 includes the following steps: S1. The first group of workers are in the third chamber (500) to make an explosive device (600). In step S1, an umbrella-shaped explosive device (600) is made using coarse iron wire and geotextile. The cross-sectional area of ​​the explosive device (600) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the chute. At least two first explosives (612) are tied to the limiting frame (611) of the umbrella-shaped structure. S2. The second group of workers is located in the second chamber (300) and is constructing a vertical deep hole downwards towards the blockage body (700); S3. After the vertical deep hole construction is completed, the second group of workers will drop the detonating device (400) along the vertical deep hole toward the third chamber (500) until the first group of workers in the third chamber (500) comes into contact with the detonating device (400). S4. The first group of workers fixed the explosive device (600) to the lower surface of the detonator (400). After the explosive device (600) was fixed, the second group of workers in the second chamber (300) pulled the detonator (400) and the explosive device (600) upward until the explosive device (600) was pressed against the lower end of the blockage body. S5. Detonate the explosive device (600) by detonating the detonator (400) to complete the blasting operation on the blockage (700).

6. The blasting method for blocking a well chute according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the diameter of the vertical deep hole is 110mm, the inclination angle is 90°, and the depth is not less than the length of the blockage body (700).

7. The blasting method for blocking well chutes according to claim 5, characterized in that, Outside the vertical deep hole, a water seal bag is used to seal the explosive at the bottom of the vertical deep hole. The total length of the water seal bag is 1.4m.

Images