Battery thermal runaway flue gas measurement method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery thermal runaway flue gas measurement method and device. The device comprises a weighing mechanism and a test bin, the weighing mechanism comprises a machine table and an electronic scale, the machine table is arranged on the electronic scale, a test bin is connected to the machine table, and the machine table provides a stable supporting foundation for the test bin and provides a balance frame for stable weighing of the electronic scale; the test bin comprises an initiation section, an absorption section and a circulation section, and the initiation section is arranged on the machine table and used for installing a test body and initiating the test body to enter an out-of-control state; the absorption section is arranged above the initiation section and is used for absorbing absorbable components of out-of-control reactants of the test body; the circulation section is connected with two ends of the absorption section, so that the out-of-control reactant of the test body can circularly pass through the absorption section, and the out-of-control reactant of the test body can be fully absorbed in the absorption section. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that gas-liquid separation is carried out on reactants sprayed in the out-of-control state of the battery, absorbable substances such as electrolyte are obtained, and weight and type analysis is carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring battery thermal runaway smoke, belonging to the technical field of battery fire safety. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of high energy density, high power density, long life and environmental protection. They are widely used in the fields of consumption, power and energy storage. However, since lithium-ion batteries themselves are energetic substances, they have inherent risks of fire and explosion.

[0003] Battery fire and explosion accidents are mainly caused by thermal runaway behavior of batteries. For example, for lithium iron phosphate batteries, thermal runaway behavior is a violent chemical reaction that produces a large amount of heat, flammable gases and electrolyte vapor. Under the conditions of combustion, combustion and explosion behavior may even occur. Current research focuses on the disaster-causing characteristics of flammable gases generated during battery thermal runaway. However, the proportion of electrolyte vapor in the battery thermal runaway process is higher. Due to the lack of technical means and equipment to directly measure the quality of electrolyte vapor and thermal runaway gas production, there is little research on the disaster-causing behavior of electrolyte vapor generated during battery thermal runaway, resulting in a large deviation between the research on the disaster-causing laws of battery thermal runaway and the actual fire situation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for measuring battery thermal runaway smoke, which are used to measure the weight of gas and electrolyte vapor generated during battery thermal runaway, so as to further reveal the disaster-causing behavior of battery thermal runaway.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a first solution is provided:

[0006] A battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device, comprising a weighing mechanism and a test chamber;

[0007] The weighing mechanism includes a machine platform and an electronic scale. The machine platform is arranged on the electronic scale. A test chamber is connected to the machine platform. The machine platform provides a stable support base for the test chamber and a balance frame for stable weighing of the electronic scale.

[0008] The test chamber includes the initiation section, absorption section and circulation section.

[0009] The triggering section is arranged on the machine platform, and is used to install the test body and trigger the test body to enter the out-of-control state;

[0010] The absorption section is arranged above the initiation section and is used to absorb absorbable components of the uncontrolled reactants of the test body;

[0011] The circulation section is connected to both ends of the absorption section, so that the runaway reactants of the test body can be circulated through the absorption section, so that the runaway reactants of the test body can be fully absorbed in the absorption section;

[0012] The usage status includes thermal runaway, overcharge runaway, and over-discharge runaway;

[0013] The out-of-control triggering is charging, discharging or heating.

[0014] Furthermore, the initiation section is a cabin, with an initiation hatch provided on one side for convenient placement or removal of the test body, and a test rack provided at the bottom of the initiation section, on which the test body is placed;

[0015] A clamping plate is arranged outside the test body, so that when the test body is out of control, the out-of-control ejected materials can be fully removed, and the deformation of the battery can be prevented so that the reactants cannot be fully removed when out of control.

[0016] Furthermore, the absorption section is sealed and connected to the initiation section, and the absorption section is provided with an absorption hatch for taking out the absorption component.

[0017] The absorption component is a sieve plate, on which is disposed an absorption component such as activated carbon that can absorb runaway reactants;

[0018] The sieve plate is fixed inside the absorption section through a slideway frame arranged on the inner wall of the induction section;

[0019] The electrolyte vapor produced by the runaway reaction is separated from the gas produced by the thermal runaway reaction by the absorption component.

[0020] Furthermore, a pressure relief flap is provided on the absorption section to prevent the test from being over-pressurized and causing unexpected dangers.

[0021] An observation window and a connecting pipe are arranged opposite to each other at the lower part of the absorption section.

[0022] Further, the circulation section includes a fan and an air duct;

[0023] The fan is arranged at the top of the absorption section, and the two ends of the air duct are respectively connected to the fan and the connecting pipe, so that the absorption section and the circulation section form a closed loop;

[0024] A debugging port is provided on the fan to facilitate debugging and maintenance of the fan;

[0025] A protective frame is also provided on the frame; the protective frame wraps the air duct to prevent the air duct from tipping over or shaking excessively.

[0026] Furthermore, a current collecting flange is arranged between the inducing section and the absorbing section; the current collecting flange is a conical flange with a through hole arranged at the center, and the through hole is connected to the pressure relief port of the test body.

[0027] Further, the test stand includes a limit fence, a support plate and an adjustment device;

[0028] The limit fence is connected to the machine platform, an adjustment device is arranged inside the limit fence, and a support plate is connected to the adjustment device;

[0029] The adjusting device includes an adjusting rod and a slide; the slide is arranged on the machine platform;

[0030] The adjusting rod is arranged in the slide slot and can be fixedly moved up and down along the slide slot;

[0031] The adjusting device can be used to adapt to different types of test bodies so that the test body can be connected to the collecting flange.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, using the battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device in the first embodiment provided by the present invention, a second embodiment is provided:

[0033] A battery thermal runaway smoke measurement method, using the battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device, the steps include:

[0034] S1, records the total mass M1 of the battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device,

[0035] S2, record the test battery mass M2,

[0036] S3, placing the battery into the initiation section of the battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device and closing the initiation hatch;

[0037] S4, triggering a runaway of the battery;

[0038] S5, turn on the fan;

[0039] S6, after the runaway reaction is terminated, the axial flow fan is turned off, the pressure relief flap is opened, and the battery is removed;

[0040] S7, record the battery weight M3 and the device weight after the test M4;

[0041] S8, calculating the amount of electrolyte vapor and gas produced by the runaway reaction during the runaway process.

[0042] Furthermore, the mass of the battery change is the total amount of gas produced by the ejected electrolyte and the runaway reaction, and the calculation formula is M3-M2;

[0043] The amount of steam ejected from the electrolyte is M4-M1;

[0044] The amount of gas produced by the runaway reaction is M3+M4-M2-M1.

[0045] Furthermore, the amount of steam ejected from the electrolyte and the amount of gas generated by the runaway reaction can be used to evaluate and analyze the runaway state of the battery, and the runaway tolerance of the electrolyte can also be analyzed.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this application has unique beneficial effects.

[0047] 1. The method and device of the present invention can separate the gas and liquid of the reactants ejected in the out-of-control state of the battery, obtain absorbable substances such as electrolyte, and analyze the weight and type.

[0048] 2. The amount of absorbed substances and gases produced by the reaction can be directly obtained through the set weighing system, which is used to evaluate the reaction intensity and reaction degree.

[0049] 3. The reaction gas can also be connected to a gas phase analysis device through a pressure relief flap or an observation window for qualitative and quantitative analysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0051] in:

[0052] Figure 1 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of a battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device in one embodiment;

[0053] Figure 2 for Figure 1 BB section view;

[0054] Figure 3 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of a battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device in one embodiment;

[0055] Figure 4 for Figure 1 AA section view of the

[0056] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device in one embodiment;

[0057] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the initiation section of a battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device in one embodiment;

[0058] Figure 7A schematic diagram of the structure of a test stand for a battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device in one embodiment;

[0059] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of a method for measuring battery thermal runaway smoke in one embodiment;

[0060] Reference numerals:

[0061] 1. Machine; 2. Electronic scale; 3. Test chamber; 3-1. Trigger door; 3-11. Test frame; 3-12. Clamp; 3-13. Collecting flange; 3-111. Limit fence; 3-112. Support plate; 3-113. Adjustment rod; 3-114. Slide; 3-2. Absorption door; 3-21. Slide frame; 3-22. Sieve plate; 3-3. Observation window; 3-4. Pressure relief flap; 3-5. Connecting pipe; 4. Fan; 4-1. Debug port; 5. Air duct; 6. Protective frame; 7. Test body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0063] The present application proposes a battery thermal runaway smoke measurement method and device, which are used to measure the weight of gas and electrolyte vapor generated during battery thermal runaway, thereby further revealing the disaster-causing behavior of battery thermal runaway.

[0064] A battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device, comprising a weighing mechanism and a test chamber 3;

[0065] The weighing mechanism includes a machine 1 and an electronic scale 2. The machine 1 is arranged on the electronic scale 2. A test chamber 3 is connected to the machine 1. The machine 1 provides a stable supporting foundation for the test chamber 3 and a balancing frame for stable weighing of the electronic scale 2.

[0066] The test chamber 3 includes an initiation section, an absorption section and a circulation section.

[0067] The triggering section is arranged on the machine 1, and is used to install the test body 7 and trigger the test body 7 to enter the out-of-control state.

[0068] The absorption section is arranged above the initiation section and is used to absorb absorbable components of the runaway reactants of the test body 7;

[0069] The circulation section is connected to both ends of the absorption section, so that the runaway reactants of the test body 7 can be circulated through the absorption section, and the runaway reactants of the test body 7 can be fully absorbed in the absorption section.

[0070] The usage status includes thermal runaway, overcharge runaway, and over-discharge runaway.

[0071] The runaway can be triggered by charging, discharging or heating.

[0072] The initiation section is a cabin, and a triggering door 3-1 is provided on one side. The initiation section can be opened to facilitate the placement or removal of the test body 7. A test rack 3-11 is provided at the bottom of the initiation section, and the test body 7 is placed on the test rack 3-11.

[0073] In order to fully remove the out-of-control ejected materials when the test body 7 is out of control, a clamping plate 3-12 is provided on the outside of the test body 7 to prevent the reaction materials from being fully removed due to the deformation of the battery when out of control.

[0074] In order to allow the runaway reactants to fully enter the absorption section, avoid affecting the test accuracy in the initiation section.

[0075] A current collecting flange 3 - 13 is arranged between the inducing section and the absorbing section; the current collecting flange 3 - 13 is a conical flange with a through hole arranged in the center, and the through hole is connected to the pressure relief port of the test body 7 .

[0076] The test body 7 is a battery, and the battery is provided with a pressure relief port for safety during design. Since the current collecting flange 3-13 is provided, the reactants in the out-of-control state of the battery can fully enter the absorption section through the current collecting flange 3-13, avoiding aggregation in the initiation section and not being fully absorbed by the absorption section, which affects the test accuracy.

[0077] The test stand 3-11 includes a limit fence 3-111, a support plate 3-112 and an adjustment device;

[0078] The limit fence 3-111 is connected to the machine 1, and an adjustment device is provided inside the limit fence 3-111, and a support plate 3-112 is connected to the adjustment device;

[0079] The adjusting device includes an adjusting rod 3-113 and a slide slot 3-114; the slide slot 3-114 is arranged on the machine platform 1,

[0080] The adjusting rod 3-113 is arranged in the slide groove 3-114 and can be fixedly moved up and down along the slide groove 3-114.

[0081] The adjusting device can adapt to different types of test bodies 7 so that the test body 7 can be connected to the collecting flange 3 - 13 .

[0082] The absorption section is sealed and connected to the initiation section. The absorption section is provided with an absorption hatch 3-2 for taking out the absorption component.

[0083] The absorption component is a sieve plate 3-22, on which an absorption component such as activated carbon that can absorb runaway reactants is disposed.

[0084] The sieve plate 3-22 is fixed inside the absorption section through a slide frame 3-21 arranged on the inner wall of the initiation section.

[0085] In order to prevent the occurrence of overpressure during the test and cause unexpected danger, a pressure relief flap 3-4 is also provided on the absorption section.

[0086] An observation window 3-3 and a connecting pipe 3-5 are arranged opposite to each other at the lower part of the absorption section.

[0087] The electrolyte vapor produced by the runaway reaction is separated from the gas produced by the thermal runaway reaction by the absorption component.

[0088] The circulation section includes a fan 4 and an air duct 5;

[0089] The fan 4 is arranged at the top of the absorption section, and the two ends of the air duct 5 are respectively connected to the fan 4 and the connecting pipe 3-5, so that the absorption section and the circulation section form a closed loop;

[0090] A debugging port 4 - 1 is provided on the fan 4 to facilitate debugging and maintenance of the fan 4 .

[0091] In order to prevent the circulation section from being unstable, a protective frame 6 is further provided on the frame; the protective frame 6 wraps the air duct 5 to prevent the air duct 5 from tipping over or shaking transitionally.

[0092] The steps of the test method for performing a runaway test using the above test device include:

[0093] S1, records the total mass M1 of the battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device,

[0094] S2, record the test battery mass M2,

[0095] S3, placing the battery into the initiation section of the battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device and closing the initiation hatch;

[0096] S4, triggering a runaway of the battery;

[0097] S5, turn on the fan;

[0098] S6, after the runaway reaction is terminated, the axial flow fan is turned off, the pressure relief flap is opened, and the battery is removed;

[0099] S7, record the battery weight M3 and the device weight after the test M4;

[0100] S8, calculating the amount of electrolyte vapor and gas generated by the runaway reaction during the runaway process;

[0101] The mass of the battery change is the total amount of gas produced by the ejected electrolyte and the runaway reaction, and the calculation formula is M3-M2;

[0102] The amount of steam ejected from the electrolyte is M4-M1;

[0103] The amount of gas produced by the runaway reaction is M3+M4-M2-M1.

[0104] The amount of vapor ejected from the electrolyte and the amount of gas generated by the runaway reaction can be used to evaluate and analyze the runaway state of the battery, and the runaway tolerance of the electrolyte can also be analyzed.

[0105] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0106] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device, characterized in that: Including weighing mechanism and test chamber; The weighing mechanism includes a machine platform and an electronic scale. The machine platform is arranged on the electronic scale. A test chamber is connected to the machine platform. The machine platform provides a stable support base for the test chamber and a balance frame for stable weighing of the electronic scale. The test chamber includes the initiation section, absorption section and circulation section. The triggering section is arranged on the machine platform, and is used to install the test body and trigger the test body to enter the out-of-control state; The absorption section is arranged above the initiation section and is used to absorb absorbable components of the uncontrolled reactants of the test body; The circulation section is connected to both ends of the absorption section, so that the runaway reactants of the test body can be circulated through the absorption section, so that the runaway reactants of the test body can be fully absorbed in the absorption section; The usage status includes thermal runaway, overcharge runaway, and over-discharge runaway; The out-of-control triggering is charging, discharging or heating.

2. The battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: The initiation section is a cabin, with an initiation door on one side for easy placement or removal of the test body, and a test rack at the bottom of the initiation section, on which the test body is placed; A clamping plate is arranged outside the test body, so that when the test body is out of control, the out-of-control ejected materials can be fully removed, and the deformation of the battery can be prevented so that the reactants cannot be fully removed when out of control.

3. The battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: include: The absorption section is sealed and connected to the initiation section, and the absorption section is provided with an absorption hatch for taking out the absorption component. The absorption component is a sieve plate, on which is disposed an absorption component such as activated carbon that can absorb runaway reactants; The sieve plate is fixed inside the absorption section through a slideway frame arranged on the inner wall of the induction section; The electrolyte vapor produced by the runaway reaction is separated from the gas produced by the thermal runaway reaction by the absorption component.

4. The battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: include: A pressure relief flap is also provided on the absorption section to prevent accidental danger caused by overpressure during the test. An observation window and a connecting pipe are arranged opposite to each other at the lower part of the absorption section.

5. The battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: include: The circulation section includes a fan and an air duct; The fan is arranged at the top of the absorption section, and the two ends of the air duct are respectively connected to the fan and the connecting pipe, so that the absorption section and the circulation section form a closed loop; A debugging port is provided on the fan to facilitate debugging and maintenance of the fan; A protective frame is also provided on the frame; the protective frame wraps the air duct to prevent the air duct from tipping over or shaking excessively.

6. The battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device according to claim 5, characterized in that: include: A current collecting flange is arranged between the inducing section and the absorbing section; the current collecting flange is a conical flange with a through hole arranged at the center, and the position of the through hole is connected to the pressure relief port of the test body.

7. The battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device according to claim 6, characterized in that: include: The test stand includes a limit fence, a support plate and an adjustment device; The limit fence is connected to the machine platform, an adjustment device is arranged inside the limit fence, and a support plate is connected to the adjustment device; The adjusting device includes an adjusting rod and a slide; the slide is arranged on the machine platform; The adjusting rod is arranged in the slide slot and can be fixedly moved up and down along the slide slot; The adjusting device can be used to adapt to different types of test bodies so that the test body can be connected to the collecting flange.

8. A method for measuring battery thermal runaway smoke, characterized in that: Using the battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the steps include: S1, records the total mass M1 of the battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device, S2, record the test battery mass M2, S3, placing the battery into the initiation section of the battery thermal runaway smoke measurement device and closing the initiation hatch; S4, triggering a runaway of the battery; S5, turn on the fan; S6, after the runaway reaction is terminated, the axial flow fan is turned off, the pressure relief flap is opened, and the battery is removed; S7, record the battery weight M3 and the device weight after the test M4; S8, calculating the amount of electrolyte vapor and gas produced by the runaway reaction during the runaway process.

9. The battery thermal runaway smoke measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass of the battery change is the total amount of gas produced by the ejected electrolyte and the runaway reaction, and the calculation formula is M3-M2; The amount of steam ejected from the electrolyte is M4-M1; The amount of gas produced by the runaway reaction is M3+M4-M2-M1.

10. The battery thermal runaway smoke measurement method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The amount of vapor ejected from the electrolyte and the amount of gas generated by the runaway reaction can be used to evaluate and analyze the runaway state of the battery, and the runaway tolerance of the electrolyte can also be analyzed.

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