Bowed string instrument and instrument rod
By setting up hollow structures and ventilation holes in the rod of the bow string instrument to form a secondary resonance box, the problems of low volume and thin sound quality of traditional bow string instruments are solved, and the volume increase and tone optimization are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311002519.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
AI Technical Summary
Traditional bowstring instruments have low volume and thin sound quality, especially in the treble zone, making it difficult to achieve rich and full tones.
A piano rod with a hollow structure and a vent hole is designed, and vibrating air is introduced into the hollow structure of the piano rod through the vent hole to form a secondary resonance box and increase the volume.
By increasing the volume of air vibration, the volume and tone richness of the bow string instrument are enhanced, especially in the high frequency band, the sound quality is more rounded and full.
Smart Images
Figure CN119479582A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of stringed instruments, in particular to a bowed stringed instrument and a neck with the bowed stringed instrument. Background Art
[0002] Bowed string instruments are also called stringed instruments or rubbed string instruments. They use the bow to rub the strings to produce sound. They mainly include erhu, jinghu, banhu, gaohu, zhonghu, gehu, horse-head fiddle, violin, viola, cello, double bass, etc.
[0003] National bowed string instruments include a sound box and a neck. Traditional national bowed string instruments have a hard solid wood neck inserted into the sound box, which bears the tension of the taut strings. The energy of the string vibration is transmitted to the membrane of the sound box through the bridge, so that the membrane vibration drives the air molecules in the sound box to flow, and the sound energy of the string vibration is diffused through the resonance box formed by the sound box to increase the volume. For a long time, the band's bowed string instruments, such as the gaohu, erhu, and zhonghu, have been using this single-cavity resonance box resonance system. This easily results in low volume in the high-pitched area, thin sound quality, and dullness.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a thorough study on existing problems or drawbacks, including those mentioned above, in order to improve them. Summary of the invention
[0005] The present application provides a bowed string instrument capable of increasing the volume.
[0006] A bowed string instrument according to one aspect of the present application comprises: Sound box; and A music rod passes through the music box, wherein the music rod has a hollow structure and a ventilation hole, wherein the ventilation hole is located inside the music box and communicates with the hollow structure.
[0007] According to a bowed string instrument provided in one aspect of the present application, the bowed string instrument includes a membrane disposed at one axial end of the sound box, and the vent hole faces the membrane.
[0008] According to the bowed string instrument provided in one aspect of the present application, the vent hole is arranged close to the lower end of the sound box.
[0009] According to the bowed string instrument provided in one aspect of the present application, the volume of the hollow structure of the neck corresponds to the tuning frequency of the strings of the bowed string instrument.
[0010] According to the bowed string instrument provided in one aspect of the present application, the volume of the hollow structure of the neck is 10-120 ml.
[0011] According to a bowed string instrument provided in one aspect of the present application, the bowed string instrument is a gaohu, a zhonghu or an erhu.
[0012] According to a bowed string instrument provided in one aspect of the present application, the bowed string instrument is a gaohu, and the volume of the hollow structure of the neck corresponds to the tuning frequency of the outer strings of the gaohu.
[0013] According to the bowed string instrument proposed in one aspect of the present application, the volume of the hollow structure of the neck is 80-100 ml.
[0014] According to one aspect of the present application, the bowed string instrument comprises: A sound window disposed at the other end of the axial direction of the sound box; A bridge is arranged on the membrane, and the bridge drives the membrane to vibrate; A tenon disposed at the upper end of the piano bar, the tenon being used to adjust the tension of the strings; A jack used to fix the strings; and A base is arranged below the sound box, the base is detachably fixed to the sound box, and the neck is fixed to the base.
[0015] According to the bowed string instrument proposed in one aspect of the present application, the bridge is a movable bridge, and the effective string length of the string can be changed by the movable bridge.
[0016] In addition, the present application proposes a guitar neck having a hollow structure and a ventilation hole, wherein the ventilation hole is connected to the hollow structure.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application include: by providing a hollow structure and an air vent in the neck, vibrating air in the sound box can enter the hollow structure through the air vent, so that the hollow structure forms a resonance box, thereby increasing the volume. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The disclosure of the present application is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. In the drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same components. Among them: Figure 1 A high hu according to one embodiment of the present application is schematically shown; Figure 2 Schematically shows Figure 1 A partial enlarged picture of the Gaohu in the video; Figure 3 and Figure 4 The external string spectrum diagram of the Gaohu proposed in one embodiment of the present application is schematically shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] It is easy to understand that according to the technical solution of the present application, without changing the essential spirit of the present application, a person skilled in the art can propose a variety of interchangeable structural modes and implementation modes. Therefore, the following specific implementation modes and drawings are only exemplary descriptions of the technical solution of the present application, and should not be regarded as the entirety of the present application or as a limitation or restriction on the technical solution of the present application.
[0020] According to one embodiment of the present application, a bowed string instrument includes a sound box and a neck. The bowed string instrument is, for example, a gaohu, a zhonghu or an erhu. The sound box can be made into a flat round cylinder, a flat octagonal cylinder or the like, for example, made of mahogany, rosewood or ebony. The neck is also called a pillar, which plays the role of supporting the strings and providing string pressing operations. The neck passes through the sound box roughly along the radial direction of the sound box, and may penetrate or not penetrate the sound box. The axial direction of the sound box refers to the extension direction of the sound box, corresponding to the direction of the line connecting the openings at both ends of the sound box. The radial direction of the sound box refers to the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the sound box. The neck has a hollow structure and an air vent. The air vent is located inside the sound box, and the air vent is connected to the hollow structure.
[0021] In the bowed string instrument according to this embodiment, through the hollow structure and the vent hole set in the neck, the vibrating air in the sound box can enter the hollow structure through the vent hole. On the basis of the sound box forming the main resonance box, the hollow structure in the neck forms a secondary resonance box, thereby increasing the volume.
[0022] The bowed string instrument may further include a membrane disposed at one axial end of the sound box. The membrane is also called a skin, a piano skin or a piano membrane, and is made of, for example, snake skin or python skin. A sound window may be provided at the other axial end of the sound box. The air vent faces the membrane. In this way, the vibration of the membrane can be directly transmitted to the hollow structure through the air vent of the piano bar, thereby better causing the vibration of the air in the hollow structure.
[0023] Furthermore, the vent is arranged near the lower end of the sound box. Specifically, in the portion of the neck that is inside the sound box, the vent is located in the lower half close to the sound box. The vent can also be arranged close to the sound box. In this way, on the one hand, as much as possible of the portion of the hollow structure of the neck that is above the vent can be used as a resonance box, and on the other hand, the interference of the portion of the hollow structure of the neck that is below the vent on the frequency response characteristics of the hollow structure can be reduced as much as possible.
[0024] Furthermore, the volume of the hollow structure of the neck corresponds to the tuning frequency of the string of the bowed string instrument. Specifically, the volume of the hollow structure of the neck makes its natural frequency correspond to the tuning frequency of one of the strings (e.g., inner string or outer string) of the bowed string instrument. In this way, the timbre and volume of the commonly used frequency band (especially the high frequency band) of the string can be optimized.
[0025] According to one embodiment of the present application, the volume of the hollow structure of the neck is 10-120 ml, for example, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 120 ml.
[0026] The following uses the Gaohu as an example to explain in detail a bowed string instrument according to an embodiment of the present application. The Gaohu can be used as a solo instrument for Cantonese music and Chaozhou music. The instrument is played by holding the sound box with both knees, and the playing method is similar to that of the Erhu.
[0027] According to this embodiment, the high-pressure combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown. Gaohu includes a sound box 1 and a bar 2 passing through the sound box, and the bar has a hollow structure 21 and a vent 22. For example, the bar is a hollow bar, the upper end of the bar is closed by a sealing sheet, and the lower end of the bar is closed by a bottom bracket 3. The head 23 above the bar is constructed in a bent shape. The vent is located inside the sound box, and the vent is connected to the hollow structure. The Gaohu includes a membrane 11 arranged at one end of the axial direction of the sound box, and the vent faces the membrane. The Gaohu also includes a sound window 12 and a reflector 15 arranged at the other end of the axial direction of the sound box. A bridge 13 is arranged on the membrane, and the strings drive the membrane to vibrate through the bridge. Two tenons (also called string axes) are arranged at the upper end of the bar, including an upper tenon 25 and a lower tenon 26, which are respectively used to adjust the tension of the outer string 41 and the inner string 42. A jack 24 is also provided on the bar, and the jack is used to fix the string 4. A base support 3 is provided below the sound box, and the base support is detachably fixed to the sound box via a threaded connection 5. The sound bar and the base support are fixed, for example, via a splice or a mortise and tenon connection.
[0028] The Gaohu according to this embodiment uses a resonance system to enhance the diffusion of the sound energy of the string vibration to increase the volume, highlight the sound energy of a certain frequency band, and thus optimize the sound quality to achieve a volume balance in the sound range (frequency band). The structure of the single resonance box vibration is changed to a multiple cavity vibration, and the interior of the sound box remains as the main resonance box 14, so that the hollow structure of the piano bar structure becomes a resonance tube (second resonance box). The piano bar is inserted into the sound box and directly inserted into the mahogany base through the sound box. The base is fixed to the sound box with screws, and the tenon joints of the piano bar, sound box, and base are tightly connected.
[0029] In the gaohu according to this embodiment, a vent hole with a length of 15 mm and a width of 8 mm is opened at the bottom of the neck, so that the air in the sound box and the neck are interconnected. When the membrane vibrates, the air column in the neck is also pressed to vibrate through the vent hole. Increasing the volume of air vibration increases the overall volume. The change in the resonance box structure affects the timbre, and the complex cavity vibration increases the roundness and richness of the timbre. While the main resonance box is vibrating, the hollow neck is also vibrating as a whole, and the energy coupled with the air is converted into sound energy, so the sound of the instrument is three-dimensional and colorful. Although the structure of the resonance system has changed, the function of the main resonance box is not affected, the basic timbre of the gaohu remains unchanged, the overall appearance is complete, the volume and timbre are comprehensively optimized, the volume attenuation of the inner and outer strings in each tone range is low, the commonly used tone range G4-A6 is crisp and bright, and the volume attenuation of A6-D7 is small.
[0030] The sound box of the gaohu, for example, is made of mahogany and covered with a degradable polyester fiber membrane at one end, which expands its functions while preserving the basic timbre of the traditional gaohu with a wooden resonance box.
[0031] The neck of the Gaohu can be made of carbon fiber. The entire umbrella-shaped neck is hollow from the neck to the head, and the tenon is also hollow. The hollow neck of carbon fiber can withstand a tensile force of 300 kilograms without deformation, and is basically unaffected by temperature and humidity. The service life is more than 100 years. The carbon fiber neck is made in one piece, so there is no fear of breaking the head due to impact.
[0032] The entire neck and tenon are light in weight, and the center of gravity is stable when sitting on the left thigh, ensuring that it is easy to play with both hands. For example, the total length of the neck is 830mm, and the thickness of the inner wall is 1.5mm. The hollow structure of the neck forms an elliptical air column with a volume of 80-100ml, such as 80, 85, 90, 95, 100ml. The pitch of the empty neck is D5, that is, the vibration frequency of the free air in the neck is 587.33Hz, which corresponds to the tuning D5 of the outer strings of the erhu, and is a suitable vibration energy enhancement setting. The neck is inserted into the sound box to become a resonance tube, which vibrates simultaneously with the main resonance box of the sound box, and is the resonance tube for each tone. Increasing the volume optimizes the timbre, and during performance it can also resonate with the main resonance box to rapidly increase the amplitude and surge the volume. When playing in the A6-D7 frequency band, the finger pressing the string is closer to the bow, the amplitude of the string becomes smaller, but the bow pressure remains unchanged, the bridge is still vibrating, and the membrane is still pushing the air. The full-band resonance function of the hollow neck particularly optimizes the timbre and volume of the A6-D7 frequency band.
[0033] The Gaohu according to the embodiment improves the acoustic performance of the national bowed string instrument and makes it durable. At the same time, the basic timbre of the Gaohu remains unchanged, the aesthetic function is maintained, and the modern works require a substantial breakthrough in the performance technology.
[0034] Of course, the neck of the gaohu can also be made of other materials, such as metal, plastic, wood, etc.
[0035] The Gaohu's neck is provided with a movable bridge, such as a tripod bridge, which can change the effective string length of the strings, for example, quickly raising the inner and outer tunings of the Gaohu from a minor second to a major third. The operation is simple and the performance is stable, for example, it can be used for transposing "Butterfly Lovers". The movable bridge is easy to operate, and the highest pitch range remains firm, clean and rich, expanding the feasibility of works that need to be transposed.
[0036] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The spectrum diagram of the outer strings of the Gaohu according to one embodiment of the present application is shown, wherein the horizontal axis represents the frequency in Hz, and the vertical axis represents the loudness in dB SPL rms. Figure 3 This is the spectrum of playing the outer string D5 pitch (open string). Figure 4 This is the spectrum of the pitch (half string) of the outer string D6. According to the results of the spectrum measurement, the volume of the fundamental tone of the open outer string D5 note is 138.61 dB SPL rms, and the volume of the fundamental tone of the open string octave D6 note is 128.18 dB SPL rms. Going to the high pitch, the volume of G6, A6, B6, C7 and D7 is measured, and the volume is 124.41, 127.11, 122.87, 123.14 and 120.49 dBSPL rms respectively, indicating that the volume attenuation of the gaohu in the high position is not obvious. In terms of the performance of the timbre, the volume of the first to seventh overtones of the gaohu playing the D6 note is large, indicating that the timbre is rich and the sound quality is full. From G6 to D7, the volume difference between the fundamental tone and the first to third overtones is small, indicating that the timbre is rich and beautiful. The volume ratio of the fundamental tone and the overtone series is close, indicating that the consistency of the timbre and sound quality between the tones is relatively high, which will also increase the aesthetic feeling of the music. In addition, as shown in the figure, the first overtone D7 of the fundamental tone D6 forms an octave relationship, and forms a complex octave with the third overtone D8. The first overtone D7 and the second overtone A7 are five degrees apart, and A7 to D8 are a pure fourth apart. These overtones that make up the fundamental tone themselves form chords, so that the sound quality is pure and harmonious. The gaohu according to this embodiment can optimize the timbre and volume of a specific frequency band, and realize that the sound quality of the full frequency band is basically consistent.
[0037] The present application also proposes a guitar neck having a hollow structure and a ventilation hole, wherein the ventilation hole is connected to the hollow structure.
[0038] In the neck of the instrument according to this embodiment, the vibrating air in the sound box can enter the hollow structure through the vent hole through the hollow structure provided in the neck of the instrument. On the basis of the sound box forming the main resonance box, the hollow structure in the neck of the instrument forms the secondary resonance box, thereby increasing the volume.
[0039] The other features of the neck and the corresponding beneficial effects correspond to the previous description and will not be repeated here.
[0040] The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the contents in the above description. Those skilled in the art can make various deformations and modifications to the above embodiments without departing from the technical idea of the present application, and these deformations and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A bowed string instrument, characterized in that: The bowed string instrument comprises: Sound box; and A music rod passes through the music box, wherein the music rod has a hollow structure and a ventilation hole, wherein the ventilation hole is located inside the music box and communicates with the hollow structure.
2. The bowed string instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bowed string instrument includes a membrane disposed at one axial end of the sound box, and the vent hole faces the membrane.
3. The bowed string instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vent hole is arranged close to the lower end of the sound box.
4. The bowed string instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the hollow structure of the neck corresponds to the tuning frequency of the strings of the bowed string instrument.
5. The bowed string instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that: The volume of the hollow structure of the neck is 10-120ml.
6. The bowed string instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bowed string instrument is a gaohu, a zhonghu or an erhu.
7. The bowed string instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bowed string instrument is a gaohu, and the volume of the hollow structure of the neck corresponds to the tuning frequency of the outer strings of the gaohu.
8. The bowed string instrument according to claim 7, characterized in that: The volume of the hollow structure of the neck is 80-100ml.
9. The bowed string instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bowed string instrument comprises: A sound window disposed at the other end of the axial direction of the sound box; A bridge is arranged on the membrane, and the bridge drives the membrane to vibrate; A tenon disposed at the upper end of the piano bar, the tenon being used to adjust the tension of the strings; A jack used to fix the strings; and A base is arranged below the sound box, the base is detachably fixed to the sound box, and the neck is fixed to the base.
10. The bowed string instrument according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bridge is a movable bridge, through which the effective string length of the strings can be changed.
11. A musical instrument neck, characterized in that: The neck has a hollow structure and a vent hole, and the vent hole is connected to the hollow structure.