Substrate integrated trapped wave mirror image dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a substrate integrated notch mirror image dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna, which belongs to the field of waveguides and antennae, and comprises a dielectric radiator, a metal column, and a first metal layer, a dielectric substrate and a second metal layer which are arranged in a laminated manner, the dielectric radiator is embedded in the dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the dielectric radiator is tightly attached to the second metal layer, and the upper surface of the dielectric radiator is not covered; a plurality of metal columns penetrate through the dielectric substrate and are arranged on the periphery of the dielectric radiator in an array mode, a plurality of cross-shaped gaps are formed in the dielectric radiator, an electromagnetic signal is input from an input port in the side face of the dielectric substrate and is radiated outwards from the cross-shaped gaps, the notch mirror image structure is used in antenna design, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved, and the antenna radiation efficiency is improved. The cross-shaped gap can better control the radiation mode of electromagnetic waves, and more concentrated radiation with high directivity is formed, so that the performance of the antenna is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waveguides and antennas, and in particular to a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology, wireless communication technology has gradually penetrated into all aspects of life, and the number of wireless devices has also increased year by year. Therefore, a larger channel capacity, wider bandwidth, and faster transmission rate are needed for wireless communication systems. As one of the important transmitting and receiving devices in wireless communication equipment, antennas also need to adapt to higher performance indicators and develop in the direction of broadband, multi-function, and high gain. Traditional antennas have the following main shortcomings: (1) Directivity and gain are usually limited, making it difficult to achieve ideal coverage; (2) The structure is relatively complex and occupies a large space, which is not suitable for integration in space-constrained devices; (3) Complex materials and precise manufacturing processes are required during processing, which is costly.

[0003] The substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna stands out with its advantages of flexible structure, miniaturization and easy integration, showing broad development prospects. In the prior art, the Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN108987912A, "A broadband planar substrate integrated waveguide back cavity slot antenna with five modes of operation", stimulates five working modes at different frequencies by designing SIW-type rectangular cavities, cross-shaped slots and two pairs of asymmetric short-circuited metallized through holes. However, the patent application does not take into account the heat dissipation problem. Under high-power applications or long-term continuous working conditions, the antenna has poor heat dissipation performance, which affects the performance and service life of the antenna. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to design a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna with a simple structure and better radiation performance.

[0005] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions: a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna, comprising a dielectric radiator, a metal column, and a first metal layer, a dielectric substrate, and a second metal layer that are stacked and arranged, the dielectric radiator is embedded in the dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the dielectric radiator is in close contact with the second metal layer, and the upper surface is uncovered, a plurality of metal columns penetrate the dielectric substrate and are arranged in an array on the periphery of the dielectric radiator, a plurality of cross-shaped slots are arranged on the dielectric radiator, and an electromagnetic signal is input from an input port on the side of the dielectric substrate and radiated outward from the cross-shaped slots.

[0006] The present invention uses a notch mirror structure in antenna design. The electromagnetic signal is fed into the antenna through the input port, transmitted to the dielectric radiator through the gold substrate integrated waveguide, and radiates electromagnetic energy outward through the cross-shaped gap on the dielectric radiator. The notch mirror structure can produce strong reflection or absorption within a specific frequency range, thereby achieving signal attenuation or reflection at these frequencies, and can attenuate non-target signals, that is, noise interference, effectively suppress interference from adjacent frequency bands, improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and improve the communication quality and reliability of the system. The cross-shaped gap can better control the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave, forming a more concentrated and directional radiation, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

[0007] Preferably, the top of the metal column is connected to the first metal layer, the bottom is connected to the second metal layer, and the first metal layer covers the edge of the metal column.

[0008] Preferably, the edge of the metal column is in close contact with the periphery of the dielectric radiator.

[0009] Preferably, there is a gap between the edge of the metal column and the periphery of the dielectric radiator.

[0010] Preferably, the gap is an air slot or an air column.

[0011] Preferably, the air columns are hexagonal, and a plurality of air columns are arranged in multiple rows.

[0012] Preferably, the first metal layer, the dielectric substrate, the second metal layer and the metal column constitute a substrate integrated waveguide, the dielectric radiator, the metal column and the second metal layer constitute a notch mirror dielectric waveguide, one end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected to the input port, and the other end is connected to the notch mirror dielectric waveguide through a triangular gap transition.

[0013] Preferably, the dielectric radiator includes a first dielectric block, a second dielectric block, and a third dielectric block. One end of the first dielectric block is connected to a notch mirror dielectric waveguide, and the other end is divided into two paths through a T-type power splitter and is respectively connected to one end of the second dielectric block and one end of the third dielectric block. The second dielectric block is parallel to the third dielectric block, and a cross-shaped gap is arranged on the second dielectric block and the third dielectric block.

[0014] Preferably, the material of the dielectric radiator is the same as that of the dielectric substrate, and the dielectric radiator is cut inside the dielectric substrate.

[0015] Preferably, the dielectric substrate is made of Rogers 3010 material, with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0022.

[0016] The advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0017] (1) The present invention uses a notch mirror structure in antenna design. The electromagnetic signal is fed into the antenna through the input port, transmitted to the dielectric radiator through the gold substrate integrated waveguide, and radiates electromagnetic energy outward through the cross-shaped gap on the dielectric radiator. The notch mirror structure can produce strong reflection or absorption within a specific frequency range, thereby achieving signal attenuation or reflection at these frequencies, and can attenuate non-target signals, that is, noise interference, effectively suppress interference from adjacent frequency bands, improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and improve the communication quality and reliability of the system. The cross-shaped gap can better control the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave, forming a more concentrated and directional radiation, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

[0018] (2) The present invention integrates the waveguide structure directly into the substrate to achieve miniaturization and integration of the antenna, which can reduce the volume of the antenna and improve space utilization. The integrated design makes the antenna of the present invention suitable for lightweight and compact application requirements.

[0019] (3) The cross-shaped slot design of the present invention can enhance the gain of the antenna, so that the antenna can maintain signal quality at a longer distance. By adjusting the opening angle and width of the slot, it is convenient to more accurately control the beam width and direction of the antenna, thereby achieving effective coverage of the target area.

[0020] (4) The present invention can provide a low-loss transmission path for the propagation of electromagnetic waves by setting a gap between the edge of the metal column and the periphery of the dielectric radiator. Since the dielectric constant of air is low, it has almost no attenuation effect on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the gap can help reduce the loss of electromagnetic waves caused by the absorption of the medium during the transmission process, improve the overall efficiency of the antenna system, optimize the radiation pattern of the antenna, and make the antenna have a stronger radiation gain in the required direction, thereby improving the beam control and directivity of the antenna. The gap also helps to improve the air circulation and heat dissipation effect inside the antenna, enhance the heat dissipation performance of the equipment, and extend the service life of the antenna.

[0021] (5) The present invention configures the gap between the edge of the metal column and the periphery of the dielectric radiator to be an air column, which is more convenient for integration and PCB board processing, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0022] (6) The present invention arranges the air column into a hexagonal shape, which has a high space filling efficiency. In an antenna array or device, multiple hexagonal air columns can be closely arranged without leaving gaps, maximizing the use of available space. This efficient space utilization can help optimize structural design, reduce material usage, and thus reduce weight and cost. The hexagonal structure has a large number of corners, which can effectively reduce the internal reflection loss of electromagnetic waves, so that the air column exhibits lower reflection and higher transmission efficiency when the electromagnetic wave propagates, thereby optimizing the working efficiency of the overall antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A top view of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A side view of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A top view of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a dielectric radiator in a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is an S-parameter simulation diagram of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 The radiation pattern of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 1 of the present invention at 29 GHz;

[0032] Fig.10 This is an S-parameter simulation diagram of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.11 The radiation pattern of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention at 29 GHz;

[0034] In the figure: 10 dielectric radiator, 11 cross-shaped gap, 12 first dielectric block, 13 second dielectric block, 14 third dielectric block, 20 metal column, 30 first metal layer, 40 dielectric substrate, 50 second metal layer, 60 air column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The present invention provides a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna, comprising a dielectric radiator 10, a metal column 20, and a first metal layer 30, a dielectric substrate 40, and a second metal layer 50 that are stacked and arranged. The dielectric radiator 10 is embedded in the dielectric substrate 40, the lower surface of the dielectric radiator 10 is in close contact with the second metal layer 50, and the upper surface is uncovered. A plurality of metal columns 20 penetrate the dielectric substrate 40 and are arranged in an array on the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10. A plurality of cross-shaped slots 11 are provided on the dielectric radiator 10, and an electromagnetic signal is input from an input port 41 on the side of the dielectric substrate 40 and radiated outward from the cross-shaped slots 11.

[0037] In the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna, a metal column 20 passes through a dielectric substrate 40, the top of the metal column 20 is connected to a first metal layer 30, and the bottom is connected to a second metal layer 50, the first metal layer 30, the dielectric substrate 40, the second metal layer 50 and the metal column 20 constitute a substrate-integrated waveguide, the substrate-integrated waveguide is connected to an input port 41, the array-arranged metal columns 20 and the second metal layer 50 form a groove structure, the dielectric radiator 10 is located in the groove structure, the first metal layer 30 covers the edge of the metal column 20, and the upper surface of the dielectric radiator 10 is uncovered, forming a notch mirror structure, the present invention uses the notch mirror structure in antenna design, the electromagnetic signal is fed into the antenna through the input port 41, transmitted to the dielectric radiator 10 through the gold substrate integrated waveguide, and radiates electromagnetic energy outward through the cross-shaped slot 11 on the dielectric radiator 10. The notch mirror structure can produce strong reflection or absorption within a specific frequency range, thereby achieving signal attenuation or reflection at these frequencies. It can attenuate non-target signals, that is, noise interference, effectively suppress interference from adjacent frequency bands, improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and improve the communication quality and reliability of the system.

[0038] The present invention integrates the waveguide structure directly into the substrate to achieve miniaturization and integration of the antenna, which can reduce the volume of the antenna and improve space utilization. The integrated design makes the antenna of the present invention suitable for lightweight and compact application requirements, such as portable devices or embedded communication modules. By providing a plurality of cross-shaped slots on the dielectric radiator 10, the radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave can be better controlled to form a more concentrated and directional radiation, thereby improving the performance of the antenna. Compared with slots in a single direction, the cross-shaped design provides symmetrical radiation in different directions, making the signal coverage more uniform. The cross-shaped slot design can enhance the gain of the antenna, so that the antenna can maintain signal quality at a longer distance. By adjusting the opening angle and width of the slot, it is convenient to more accurately control the beam width and direction of the antenna to achieve effective coverage of the target area.

[0039] The substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna of the present invention can be specifically configured into two structures, which are respectively introduced in detail below.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present embodiment provides a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna, comprising a dielectric radiator 10, a metal column 20, and a first metal layer 30, a dielectric substrate 40, and a second metal layer 50 arranged in a stacked manner. The dielectric radiator 10 is embedded in the dielectric substrate 40, the lower surface of the dielectric radiator 10 is in close contact with the second metal layer 50, and the upper surface is uncovered. A plurality of metal columns 20 penetrate the dielectric substrate 40 and are arranged in an array on the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, the edges of the metal columns 20 are in close contact with the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, and a plurality of cross-shaped slots 11 are arranged on the dielectric radiator 10. Electromagnetic signals are input from an input port 41 on the side of the dielectric substrate 40 and radiated outward from the cross-shaped slots 11.

[0042] The first metal layer 30, the dielectric substrate 40, and the second metal layer 50 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the top of the metal column 20 is connected to the first metal layer 30, the bottom is connected to the second metal layer 50, and the first metal layer 30 covers the edge of the metal column 20. The height of the metal column 20 is consistent with the dielectric substrate 40, the spacing between two adjacent metal columns 20 is the same, and the spacing between two adjacent metal columns 20 and the radius of the metal column 20 can be adjusted according to specific needs.

[0043] The first metal layer 30, the dielectric substrate 40, the second metal layer 50 and the metal column 20 constitute a substrate integrated waveguide, the dielectric radiator 10, the metal column 20, and the second metal layer 50 constitute a notch mirror dielectric waveguide, one end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected to the input port 41, and the other end is connected to the notch mirror dielectric waveguide through a triangular gap transition, and the triangular gap is opened on the first metal layer 30.

[0044] The dielectric radiator 10 is T-shaped, including a first dielectric block 12, a second dielectric block 13, and a third dielectric block 14. One end of the first dielectric block 12 is connected to the wave trap mirror dielectric waveguide through a triangular gap transition, and the other end is connected to one end of the second dielectric block 13 and one end of the third dielectric block 14 through a T-shaped power splitter. The second dielectric block 13 is parallel to the third dielectric block 14, and a cross-shaped gap 11 is set on the second dielectric block 13 and the third dielectric block 14. Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the cross-shaped slots 11 are arranged in 2×5.

[0045] The dielectric radiator 10 is made of high dielectric constant material, and can be the same material as the dielectric substrate 40, which is more convenient for integration. When the material of the dielectric radiator 10 is the same as that of the dielectric substrate 40, the dielectric radiator 10 can be directly cut inside the dielectric substrate 40. The dielectric substrate 40 is made of Rogers 3010 material, with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a loss tangent value of 0.0022.

[0046] The first metal layer 30 and the second metal layer 50 are both rectangular, with a size of 20 mm×84 mm. The length L of the dielectric radiator 10 is 69.8 mm.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that there is a gap between the edge of the metal column 20 and the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, and the other structures are the same. By setting a gap between the edge of the metal column 20 and the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, a low-loss transmission path can be provided for the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Since the dielectric constant of air is low, it has almost no attenuation effect on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the gap can help reduce the loss of electromagnetic waves caused by the absorption of the medium during the transmission process, improve the overall efficiency of the antenna system, optimize the radiation pattern of the antenna, and make the antenna have a stronger radiation gain in the required direction, thereby improving the beam control and directivity of the antenna. Setting the gap also helps to improve the air circulation and heat dissipation effect inside the antenna, enhance the heat dissipation performance of the device, and extend the service life of the antenna.

[0049] The introduction of the gap will change the distribution of the electromagnetic field, adjust the frequency response of the antenna, and achieve the desired frequency characteristics. The gap can be set as an air slot or an air column 60. The difference is that when it is set as an air slot, a support structure needs to be installed, while when it is set as an air column, it is easier to integrate and process the PCB board compared to the air slot, thereby reducing the production cost. When the gap is set as an air column, a plurality of air columns are arranged in an array. Figure 5 The air columns are shown arranged in three rows.

[0050] See also Figure 6The air column 60 is hexagonal, and a plurality of hexagonal air columns are arranged in multiple rows. In this embodiment, they are arranged in three rows. In order to better introduce the arrangement, Figure 6 A smallest unit in the diagram is partially enlarged for illustration, the lateral direction of the smallest unit is the horizontal direction, and the vertical direction is the vertical direction. The smallest unit includes four air columns. When arranged, there is one in the first column and the third column respectively, and there are two in the second column. The centers of the air columns in the first column and the third column are on the same horizontal line, and the two air columns in the second column are arranged vertically and their centers are on the same vertical line. By setting the air column 60 into a hexagonal shape, the hexagonal prism has a higher space filling efficiency. In an antenna array or device, multiple hexagonal air columns can be closely arranged without leaving gaps, maximizing the use of available space. This efficient space utilization can help optimize structural design, reduce material usage, and thus reduce weight and cost. The hexagonal structure has a large number of corners, which can effectively reduce the internal reflection loss of electromagnetic waves, so that the air columns show lower reflection and higher transmission efficiency when electromagnetic waves propagate, thereby optimizing the working efficiency of the overall antenna.

[0051] Simulation Analysis

[0052] The present invention simulates and analyzes the performance of the substrate-integrated notched mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna of Example 1 and Example 2, respectively. Figure 8 This is an S parameter simulation diagram of the substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna of Example 1, Fig. 9 The radiation pattern of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna of Example 1 at 29 GHz shows top radiation. Fig.10 This is an S parameter simulation diagram of the substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna of Example 2, Fig.11 The radiation pattern of the substrate-integrated notched mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna of Example 2 at 29 GHz shows top radiation. It can be found that the substrate-integrated notched mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna of the present invention has a good bandwidth and good directivity within the operating frequency.

[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross-slot antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric radiator (10), a metal column (20), a first metal layer (30) arranged in a stacked manner, a dielectric substrate (40), and a second metal layer (50); the dielectric radiator (10) is embedded in the dielectric substrate (40); the lower surface of the dielectric radiator (10) is in close contact with the second metal layer (50), and the upper surface is uncovered; a plurality of metal columns (20) penetrate the dielectric substrate (40) and are arranged in an array at the periphery of the dielectric radiator (10); a plurality of cross-shaped slots (11) are provided on the dielectric radiator (10); an electromagnetic signal is input from an input port (41) on the side of the dielectric substrate (40) and radiated outward from the cross-shaped slots (11).

2. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the metal column (20) is connected to the first metal layer (30), and the bottom is connected to the second metal layer (50), and the first metal layer (30) covers the edge of the metal column (20).

3. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the metal column (20) is in close contact with the periphery of the dielectric radiator (10).

4. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the edge of the metal column (20) and the periphery of the dielectric radiator (10).

5. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap is an air slot or an air column (60).

6. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air columns (60) are hexagonal in shape, and a plurality of air columns (60) are arranged in a plurality of rows.

7. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal layer (30), the dielectric substrate (40), the second metal layer (50) and the metal column (20) constitute a substrate integrated waveguide, the dielectric radiator (10), the metal column (20) and the second metal layer (50) constitute a notch mirror dielectric waveguide, one end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected to the input port (41), and the other end is connected to the notch mirror dielectric waveguide through a triangular gap transition.

8. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dielectric radiator (10) comprises a first dielectric block (12), a second dielectric block (13), and a third dielectric block (14); one end of the first dielectric block (12) is connected to a notch mirror dielectric waveguide, and the other end is divided into two paths through a T-type power splitter and respectively connected to one end of the second dielectric block (13) and one end of the third dielectric block (14); the second dielectric block (13) is parallel to the third dielectric block (14); and a cross-shaped slot (11) is arranged on the second dielectric block (13) and the third dielectric block (14).

9. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the dielectric radiator (10) is the same as that of the dielectric substrate (40), and the dielectric radiator (10) is obtained by cutting inside the dielectric substrate (40).

10. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide cross slot antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate (40) is made of Rogers 3010 material, with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a loss tangent value of 0.0022.

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