A distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system and method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic voltage regulation, and discloses a distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system and method. The system and the method collect voltage and power information of each measuring point through a data acquisition module, collect relevant data of a photovoltaic inverter, receive the data through a communication module, transmit the data to a control module and a monitoring and management module, calculate voltage-power sensitivity, power factor, voltage deviation, power loss and reactive power compensation demand according to the data, evaluate the operation state of the current power grid, judge whether reactive voltage regulation is needed, calculate system response time and fault occurrence probability by the monitoring and management module, judge whether the control effect reaches the expectation, analyze faults and abnormalities, and propose adjustment strategies for voltage stability and photovoltaic power generation efficiency by an optimization scheduling module, which acts on the control module again, optimizes system operation by issuing new control signals, and generates a system optimization report which is sent to a display end.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic voltage regulation, in particular to a distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The photovoltaic power distribution network refers to a system that connects solar panels to the power distribution network. This system converts solar energy into electrical energy and sends it to the grid or supplies local loads through the distribution network. It integrates and manages distributed photovoltaic power generation, provides a clean power supply method of renewable energy, and promotes energy saving, emission reduction and sustainable development. Due to the influence of weather, sunlight and other natural conditions on photovoltaic power generation, the power generation may fluctuate rapidly, causing the voltage of the distribution network to be unstable. Voltage exceeding the normal range may damage electrical equipment. With the fluctuation of load, especially during peak hours, the voltage in the grid may also be affected, and the voltage needs to be adjusted to ensure the quality and stability of power supply. At the same time, when the photovoltaic system is connected to the distribution network, it may cause voltage to rise or fall, affecting the safety and stability of the grid, which needs to be avoided by adjusting the voltage to avoid potential grid connection problems.

[0003] The integration between existing photovoltaic power generation and traditional power distribution networks is becoming more and more complex, and traditional adjustment methods cannot adjust the voltage in real time, optimize local and overall voltage levels, and improve the impact of voltage fluctuations on power equipment and loads. SUMMARY

[0004] (I) Technical problems solved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a control system and method for the voltage of a distributed photovoltaic distribution network. The control system and method have the functions of real-time monitoring and collecting voltage and power information of each measuring point through a data acquisition module, collecting the output status, load power and meteorological data of the photovoltaic inverter, and regularly sending the collected data to the communication module. The communication module receives the information from the data acquisition module and transmits the data to the control module and the monitoring and management module using a fast self-access communication protocol, performs data encryption and secure transmission, and prevents data leakage and tampering during transmission. The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd, power factor Glys, voltage deviation Dypc, power loss Glsh and reactive power compensation demand Bcxq, evaluates the current operating status of the power grid, determines whether reactive voltage regulation is needed, and determines the local reactive power based on a preset control strategy. The control signal for voltage regulation is sent out and an instruction is issued. The control signal is sent to the inverter and load equipment through the communication module to perform reactive voltage regulation. Each inverter adjusts its output according to the instruction to realize the voltage control of the whole substation. The monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operation status of the system, calculates the system response time Xysj and the probability of fault occurrence Gzgl, determines whether the control effect meets the expectation, analyzes faults and anomalies, sends an alarm message when an anomaly occurs, and records the fault information for subsequent analysis and improvement. The optimization scheduling module proposes an adjustment strategy for voltage stability and photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and acts on the control module again to optimize the system operation by issuing a new control signal, and generates a system optimization report and sends it to the display end. The control method based on voltage-power sensitivity enables the system to adjust the voltage in real time, optimize the local and overall voltage levels, reduce the impact of voltage fluctuations on power equipment and loads, and solve the above problems.

[0006] (2) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a distributed photovoltaic distribution network voltage control system, comprising a data acquisition module, a communication module, a control module, a monitoring and management module, and an optimization and scheduling module;

[0008] The data acquisition module monitors and collects voltage and power information of each measurement point in real time, collects the output status, load power and meteorological data of the photovoltaic inverter, and regularly sends the collected data to the communication module;

[0009] The communication module receives information from the data acquisition module and transmits the data to the control module and the monitoring management module using a fast self-access communication protocol, performs data encryption and secure transmission, and prevents data leakage and tampering during transmission;

[0010] The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd, power factor Glys, voltage deviation Dypc, power loss Glsh, and reactive power compensation demand Bcxq, evaluates the current operating status of the power grid, determines whether reactive voltage regulation is needed, and determines the control signal for localized reactive voltage regulation based on the preset control strategy. The control signal is then sent to the inverter and load equipment through the communication module to perform reactive voltage regulation. Each inverter adjusts its output according to the command to achieve overall voltage control in the substation.

[0011] The monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operating status of the system, calculates the system response time Xysj and the probability of failure Gzgl, determines whether the control effect meets expectations, analyzes failures and anomalies, sends alarm information when an anomaly occurs, and records the fault information for subsequent analysis and improvement;

[0012] The optimization scheduling module proposes an adjustment strategy for voltage stability and photovoltaic power generation efficiency, acts on the control module again, optimizes system operation by issuing new control signals, and generates a system optimization report and sends it to the display terminal.

[0013] Preferably, the control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd as follows:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, Dgmd represents voltage-power sensitivity, Vs2 and Vs1 represent the voltages corresponding to the two power states, and Ps2 and Ps1 represent the powers in the two states.

[0016] Preferably, the control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the power factor Glsh. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, Glys represents power factor, Yggl represents active power, and Wggl represents reactive power.

[0019] Preferably, the control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the voltage deviation Dypc. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0020] Dypc=Sjdy-Mbdy

[0021] In the formula, Dypc represents the voltage deviation, Shdy represents the actual measured voltage, and Mbdy represents the target voltage.

[0022] Preferably, the control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the power loss Glsh. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0023] Glsh=Dlsz 2 *Cldz

[0024] In the formula, Glsh represents power loss, Dlsz represents current, and Cldz represents the resistance of the circuit material.

[0025] Preferably, the control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the reactive power compensation demand Bcxq. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0026] Bcxq=Szgl*sin(θ)

[0027] In the formula, Bcxq represents the reactive power compensation demand, Szgl represents the apparent power, and θ represents the power factor angle.

[0028] Preferably, the control module evaluates the current operating state of the power grid based on the above values ​​and determines whether reactive voltage regulation is required. The determination method is as follows:

[0029] When the voltage deviation is greater than the set voltage deviation threshold 5, reactive voltage regulation is required;

[0030] When the power factor is less than the set power factor threshold of 0.9, it is necessary to increase the power factor and increase reactive power compensation;

[0031] When the reactive power compensation demand is greater than the available reactive power resources 10, reactive voltage regulation is required to meet the reactive power demand of the grid;

[0032] When horizontal voltage deviation and low power factor occur simultaneously, especially when the voltage-power sensitivity is high and the power loss is large, the control module sends a signal command to the inverter to increase or decrease the output of reactive power, implement real-time monitoring, and adjust the voltage back to the target value.

[0033] Preferably, the monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operating status of the system and calculates the system response time Xysj. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0034] Xysj=Clsj+Txsj+Ycsj

[0035] In the formula, Xysj represents the system response time, Clsj represents the processing time, that is, the time required for the system to process the input signal, Txsj represents the communication time, that is, the time required for data transmission, and Tcsj represents the device response time.

[0036] Preferably, the monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operating status of the system and calculates the probability of failure Gzgl, which is calculated as follows:

[0037] Gzgl=1-e -δ*T

[0038] In the formula, Gzgl represents the probability of failure, δ represents the number of failures per unit time, and e represents the base of the natural logarithm, which is 2.71828.

[0039] A method for controlling the voltage of a distributed photovoltaic power distribution network comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1. The data acquisition module monitors and collects voltage and power information of each measurement point in real time, collects the output status of the photovoltaic inverter, load power and meteorological data, and regularly sends the collected data to the communication module;

[0041] S2, the communication module receives information from the data acquisition module, uses the fast self-access communication protocol to transmit the data to the control module and the monitoring management module, performs data encryption and secure transmission, and prevents data leakage and tampering during transmission;

[0042] S3: The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd, power factor Glys, voltage deviation Dypc, power loss Glsh, and reactive power compensation demand Bcxq, evaluates the current operating status of the power grid, determines whether reactive voltage regulation is needed, and based on the preset control strategy, determines the control signal for localized reactive voltage regulation and issues a command. The control signal is sent to the inverter and load equipment through the communication module to perform reactive voltage regulation. Each inverter adjusts its output according to the command to achieve overall voltage control in the substation.

[0043] S4, the monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operating status of the system, calculates the system response time Xysj and the probability of failure Gzgl, determines whether the control effect meets expectations, analyzes failures and anomalies, sends alarm information when an anomaly occurs, and records the fault information for subsequent analysis and improvement;

[0044] S5. The optimization scheduling module proposes an adjustment strategy for voltage stability and photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and acts on the control module again to optimize the system operation by issuing new control signals, and generates a system optimization report and sends it to the display terminal.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a distributed photovoltaic distribution network voltage control system and method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] The present invention uses a data acquisition module to monitor and collect voltage and power information of each measurement point in real time, collect the output status, load power and meteorological data of the photovoltaic inverter, and regularly send the collected data to the communication module. The communication module receives information from the data acquisition module and uses a fast self-access communication protocol to transmit the data to the control module and the monitoring and management module, performs data encryption and secure transmission, and prevents data leakage and tampering during transmission. The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd, power factor Glys, voltage deviation Dypc, power loss Glsh and reactive power compensation demand Bcxq, evaluates the current operating status of the power grid, determines whether reactive voltage regulation is needed, and determines the control signal for localized reactive voltage regulation based on a preset control strategy, and issues an instruction. The control signal is sent to the inverter and load equipment through the communication module to adjust the reactive voltage. Each inverter adjusts its output according to the instruction to realize the overall voltage control of the substation. The monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operating status of the system, calculates the system response time Xysj and the fault probability Gzgl, determines whether the control effect meets the expectations, analyzes the faults and anomalies, sends an alarm message when an anomaly occurs, and records the fault information for subsequent analysis and improvement. The optimization scheduling module proposes an adjustment strategy for voltage stability and photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and acts on the control module again to optimize the system operation by issuing a new control signal, and generates a system optimization report and sends it to the display end. The control method based on voltage-power sensitivity enables the system to adjust the voltage in real time, optimize the local and overall voltage levels, and reduce the impact of voltage fluctuations on power equipment and loads. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system flow of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the steps of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] In view of the increasingly complex integration between existing photovoltaic power generation and traditional distribution networks, traditional regulation methods are unable to adjust voltage in real time, optimize local and overall voltage levels, and increase the impact of voltage fluctuations on power equipment and loads. Therefore, a distributed photovoltaic distribution network voltage control system is proposed. Figure 1,The system includes data acquisition module, communication module, control module, ,monitoring and management module and optimization scheduling module;

[0051] The data acquisition module is equipped with high-precision voltage and current sensors, which can simultaneously monitor the voltage and power data of multiple measurement points. Through multi-channel acquisition, it can achieve comprehensive monitoring of the photovoltaic system and load. Each photovoltaic inverter has a built-in status monitoring module to measure its output power, current, frequency and operating status in real time, such as key parameters such as fault alarm. The built-in digital processing unit automatically performs data analysis to improve the real-time and accuracy of information collection. Environmental meteorological sensors such as temperature, light and wind speed sensors are integrated to obtain meteorological data in real time to reflect the impact of the external environment on photovoltaic power generation. At the same time, load monitoring instruments are used to regularly collect load power to form a load change database to provide a basis for system optimization. The collected data is regularly sent to the communication module via wired communication RS-485 to ensure the reliability and real-time performance of data transmission.

[0052] The communication module adopts the adaptive fast access communication protocol MQTT, which allows devices to quickly and dynamically connect and disconnect in the network environment, improves the connection efficiency between the module and the data acquisition module, reduces latency, and supports multi-channel concurrent reception to process information from different data acquisition modules, ensuring the effective transmission of high-flow data and timely processing and feedback of information to meet the needs of large-scale distributed photovoltaic systems. At the same time, the module has a built-in cache mechanism. When the network load is high or there is a temporary connection problem, it can effectively store temporarily received data and send it immediately after the network is restored to ensure data integrity and reliability. It also uses end-to-end encryption technology SSL to encrypt the transmitted data to ensure the confidentiality of the data in the transmission link and prevent it from being accessed or cracked by unauthorized third parties.

[0053] The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd, power factor Glsh, voltage deviation Dypc, power loss Glsh, and reactive power compensation demand Bcxq, where:

[0054] The voltage-power sensitivity calculation formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] By analyzing voltage-power sensitivity, we can evaluate the relationship between voltage and power in the system, helping to design appropriate voltage regulation strategies and ensure voltage stability under varying load changes. In the formula, Dgmd represents voltage-power sensitivity, Vs2 and Vs1 represent the voltages under two power states, and Ps2 and Ps1 represent the powers under two states. Calculating voltage-power sensitivity allows for real-time dynamic response, improving the system's ability to respond to load changes and enabling timely adjustments to the output of power generation and energy storage equipment to maintain voltage within an appropriate range and reduce voltage fluctuations.

[0057] The power factor calculation formula is as follows:

[0058]

[0059] By calculating the power factor, you can diagnose system energy efficiency issues, optimize equipment and load configuration, reduce reactive power loss, and improve the overall efficiency of power generation equipment. In the formula, Glys represents power factor, Yggl represents active power, and Wggl represents reactive power. A good power factor can reduce the pressure on equipment operation, extend the service life of transformers and other electrical equipment, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0060] The voltage deviation calculation formula is as follows:

[0061] Dypc=Sjdy-Mbdy

[0062] Monitoring and calculating voltage deviation ensures that the system voltage remains within the allowable range, which is crucial for the safe operation of equipment. In the formula, Dypc represents the voltage deviation, Sjdy represents the actual measured voltage, and Mbdy represents the target voltage. Accurate voltage deviation calculation can effectively identify potential problems in the power supply system, such as overvoltage or undervoltage, allowing timely measures to prevent equipment damage.

[0063] The power loss calculation formula is as follows:

[0064] Glsh=Dlsz 2 *Cldz

[0065] By accurately calculating power loss, we can identify key areas of energy loss, make targeted improvements, and reduce overall operating costs. In the formula, Glsh represents power loss, Dlsz represents current, and Cldz represents the resistance of the circuit material. Optimizing power loss can facilitate the integration of more distributed photovoltaic resources and accelerate the integration of renewable energy into the power grid.

[0066] The reactive power compensation demand calculation formula is as follows:

[0067] Bcxq=Szgl*sin(θ)

[0068] By calculating the reactive power compensation demand, we can optimize reactive power distribution, maintain the grid voltage level, and improve system stability and anti-interference capabilities. In the formula, Ecxq represents the reactive power compensation demand, Szgl represents the apparent power, and θ represents the power factor angle. Timely reactive power compensation can avoid system crashes caused by voltage deviations and improve grid reliability.

[0069] Based on the above values, the current operating status of the power grid is evaluated to determine whether reactive voltage regulation is required. The judgment method is as follows:

[0070] When the voltage deviation is greater than the set voltage deviation threshold 5, reactive voltage regulation is required;

[0071] When the power factor is less than the set power factor threshold of 0.9, it is necessary to increase the power factor and increase reactive power compensation;

[0072] When the reactive power compensation demand is greater than the available reactive power resources 10, reactive voltage regulation is required to meet the reactive power demand of the grid;

[0073] When horizontal voltage deviation and low power factor occur simultaneously, especially when voltage-power sensitivity is high and power loss is large, the control module sends a signal command to the inverter to increase or decrease reactive power output, implement real-time monitoring, and adjust the voltage back to the target value;

[0074] The control signal is sent to the inverter and load equipment through the communication module to perform reactive voltage regulation. Each inverter adjusts its output according to the instruction to achieve overall voltage control of the substation.

[0075] The monitoring and management module continuously monitors the system's operating status, calculates the system response time Xysj and the probability of failure Gzgl, determines whether the control effect meets expectations, analyzes failures and anomalies, sends alarms when anomalies occur, and records the failure information for subsequent analysis and improvement.

[0076] The system response time calculation formula is as follows:

[0077] Xysj=Clsj+Txsj+Ycsj

[0078] By analyzing the system's response time, we can assess the voltage control system's reaction speed to load changes or faults, ensuring the system can quickly recover to normal operation and improving overall system reliability. In the formula, Xysj represents the system response time, Clsj represents the processing time, which is the time required for the system to process input signals, Txsj represents the communication time, which is the time required for data transmission, and Ycsj represents the device response time. Understanding the response time helps optimize control strategies and algorithms, ensuring that the system can quickly and effectively adjust voltage under different operating conditions and reduce power supply interruptions.

[0079] The formula for calculating the probability of failure is as follows:

[0080] Gzgl=1-e -δ*T

[0081] By calculating the probability of failure, we can identify potential weaknesses in the system, conduct effective risk assessments, and provide a basis for subsequent maintenance and improvements. In the formula, Gzgl represents the probability of failure, δ represents the number of failures per unit time, and e represents the base of the natural logarithm, which is 2.71828. Through failure probability analysis, we can rationally allocate maintenance resources and spare parts, ensuring a rapid response when a failure occurs and reducing repair time and costs.

[0082] The optimization and scheduling module implements the model-based control strategy PID, monitors the voltage level in real time and automatically adjusts the output on the power generation side and the load on the demand side to keep the voltage within the allowable range and reduce voltage fluctuations. It deploys static VAR compensation devices and automatically adjusts reactive power to optimize the voltage level in the power grid, improve the power factor, and enhance the stability and efficiency of the power system. It uses data mining and analysis tools to generate a detailed system optimization report, which includes the implementation effect of the optimization strategy, system response time, fault probability analysis, and improvement of power generation efficiency. The generated system optimization report is sent to the monitoring display terminal through the information management system so that decision makers can understand the system operation status in a timely manner and implement subsequent improvement measures.

[0083] See also Figure 2 , a method for controlling the voltage of a distributed photovoltaic distribution network, comprising the following steps:

[0084] S1. The data acquisition module monitors and collects voltage and power information of each measurement point in real time, collects the output status of the photovoltaic inverter, load power and meteorological data, and regularly sends the collected data to the communication module;

[0085] S2, the communication module receives information from the data acquisition module, uses the fast self-access communication protocol to transmit the data to the control module and the monitoring management module, performs data encryption and secure transmission, and prevents data leakage and tampering during transmission;

[0086] S3, the control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes, calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd, the power factor Glys, the voltage deviation Dypc, the power loss Glsh and the reactive power compensation demand Bcxq, evaluates the operation state of the current power grid, judges whether reactive voltage regulation is needed, decides the control signal of local reactive voltage regulation based on the preset control strategy, issues instructions, and the control signal is sent to the inverter and load equipment through the communication module for reactive voltage regulation, each inverter adjusts the output according to the instructions to realize the voltage control of the whole transformer area;

[0087] S4, the monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operation state of the system, calculates the system response time Xysj and the fault occurrence probability Gzgl, judges whether the control effect reaches the expectation, analyzes the fault and the abnormality, sends the alarm information when the abnormality occurs, and records the fault information for subsequent analysis and improvement;

[0088] S5, the optimization scheduling module proposes adjustment strategies for voltage stability and photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and acts on the control module again to optimize the system operation by issuing new control signals, and generates a system optimization report and sends it to the display end.

[0089] Through the combination of the above system and method, the control method based on voltage-power sensitivity enables the system to adjust the voltage in real time, optimizes the local and overall voltage level, and reduces the influence of voltage fluctuation on power equipment and load.

[0090] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system, characterized by: Including data acquisition module, communication module, control module, monitoring and management module and optimization scheduling module; The data acquisition module monitors and collects voltage and power information of each measurement point in real time, collects the output status, load power and meteorological data of the photovoltaic inverter, and regularly sends the collected data to the communication module; The communication module receives information from the data acquisition module and transmits the data to the control module and the monitoring management module using a fast self-access communication protocol, performs data encryption and secure transmission, and prevents data leakage and tampering during transmission; The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd, power factor Glys, voltage deviation Dypc, power loss Glsh, and reactive power compensation demand Bcxq, evaluates the current operating status of the power grid, determines whether reactive voltage regulation is needed, and determines the control signal for localized reactive voltage regulation based on the preset control strategy. The control signal is then sent to the inverter and load equipment through the communication module to perform reactive voltage regulation. Each inverter adjusts its output according to the command to achieve overall voltage control in the substation. The monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operating status of the system, calculates the system response time Xysj and the probability of failure Gzgl, determines whether the control effect meets expectations, analyzes failures and anomalies, sends alarm information when an anomaly occurs, and records the fault information for subsequent analysis and improvement; The optimization scheduling module proposes an adjustment strategy for voltage stability and photovoltaic power generation efficiency, acts on the control module again, optimizes system operation by issuing new control signals, and generates a system optimization report and sends it to the display terminal; The control module evaluates the current operating status of the power grid and determines whether reactive voltage regulation is required. The determination method is as follows: When the voltage deviation is greater than the set voltage deviation threshold, reactive voltage regulation is required; When the power factor is less than the set power factor threshold of 0.9, it is necessary to increase the power factor and increase reactive power compensation; When the reactive power compensation demand is greater than the available reactive power resources, reactive voltage regulation is required to meet the reactive power demand of the grid; When horizontal voltage deviation and low power factor occur simultaneously, and when the voltage-power sensitivity is high and the power loss is large, the control module sends a signal command to the inverter to increase or decrease the output of reactive power, implement real-time monitoring, and adjust the voltage back to the target value.

2. A distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd using the following formula: In the formula, Dgmd represents voltage-power sensitivity, Vs2 and Vs1 represent the voltages corresponding to the two power states, and Ps2 and Ps1 represent the powers in the two states.

3. A distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the power factor Glys. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Glys represents power factor, Yggl represents active power, and Wggl represents reactive power.

4. A distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the voltage deviation Dypc. The calculation formula is as follows: Dypc=SJdy-Mbdy In the formula, Dypc represents the voltage deviation, Sjdy represents the actual measured voltage, and Mbdy represents the target voltage.

5. A distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the power loss Glsh. The calculation formula is as follows: Glsh=Dlsz 2 *Cldz In the formula, Glsh represents power loss, Dlsz represents current, and Cldz represents the resistance of the circuit material.

6. A distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, and calculates the reactive power compensation demand Bcxq. The calculation formula is as follows: Bcxq=Szgl*sin(θ) In the formula, Bcxq represents the reactive power compensation demand, Szgl represents the apparent power, and θ represents the power factor angle.

7. A distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operating status of the system and calculates the system response time Xysj. The calculation formula is as follows: Xysj=Clsj+Txsj+Ycsj In the formula, Xysj represents the system response time, Clsj represents the processing time, that is, the time required for the system to process the input signal, Txsj represents the communication time, that is, the time required for data transmission, and Ycsj represents the device response time.

8. A distributed photovoltaic power distribution network voltage control system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operating status of the system and calculates the probability of failure Gzgl. The calculation formula is as follows: Gzgl=1-e -δ*T In the formula, Gzgl represents the probability of failure, δ represents the number of failures per unit time, and e represents the base of the natural logarithm, which is 2.71828.

9. A method for controlling voltage of a distributed photovoltaic distribution network, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The data acquisition module monitors and collects the voltage and power information of each measurement point in real time, collects the output status of the photovoltaic inverter, load power and meteorological data, and regularly sends the collected data to the communication module; S2, the communication module receives information from the data acquisition module and transmits the data to the control module and the monitoring management module using a fast self-access communication protocol, performing data encryption and secure transmission to prevent data leakage and tampering during transmission; S3: The control module receives real-time data from the communication module, analyzes and processes it, calculates the voltage-power sensitivity Dgmd, power factor Glys, voltage deviation Dypc, power loss Glsh, and reactive power compensation demand Bcxq, evaluates the current operating status of the power grid, determines whether reactive voltage regulation is needed, and based on the preset control strategy, determines the control signal for localized reactive voltage regulation and issues a command. The control signal is sent to the inverter and load equipment through the communication module to perform reactive voltage regulation. Each inverter adjusts its output according to the command to achieve overall voltage control in the substation. S4, the monitoring and management module continuously monitors the operating status of the system, calculates the system response time Xysj and the probability of failure Gzgl, determines whether the control effect meets expectations, analyzes failures and anomalies, sends alarm information when an anomaly occurs, and records the fault information for subsequent analysis and improvement; S5. The optimization and scheduling module proposes adjustment strategies for voltage stability and photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and acts on the control module again to optimize system operation by issuing new control signals. It also generates a system optimization report and sends it to the display terminal. The control module evaluates the current operating status of the power grid and determines whether reactive voltage regulation is required. The determination method is as follows: When the voltage deviation is greater than the set voltage deviation threshold, reactive voltage regulation is required; When the power factor is less than the set power factor threshold of 0.9, it is necessary to increase the power factor and increase reactive power compensation; When the reactive power compensation demand is greater than the available reactive power resources, reactive voltage regulation is required to meet the reactive power demand of the grid; When horizontal voltage deviation and low power factor occur simultaneously, and when the voltage-power sensitivity is high and the power loss is large, the control module sends a signal command to the inverter to increase or decrease the output of reactive power, implement real-time monitoring, and adjust the voltage back to the target value.

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