Physical address allocation method of battery management system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a physical address allocation method for a battery management system, and the battery management system comprises a main control unit and a plurality of batteries. The method comprises the following steps: sequentially connecting a PWM output interface of a preceding-stage battery with a PWM input interface of a next-stage battery until the preceding-stage battery is connected to a last-stage battery; the PWM output interface of the main control unit is connected with the PWM input interface of the first-stage battery; the main control unit sends PWM pulses to the first-stage battery through a PWM output interface of the main control unit; the preceding-stage battery adjusts parameters of the received PWM pulses and sends the PWM pulses with the adjusted parameters to the next-stage battery through a PWM output interface of the preceding-stage battery until the PWM pulses are sent to the last-stage battery; when each level of battery transmits data to the main control unit, the received PWM pulse is synchronously sent to the main control unit; and the main control unit identifies the physical address of the battery according to the received parameters of the PWM pulse. By adopting the scheme, the number of assignable addresses can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery management, and in particular to a physical address allocation method for a battery management system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of technology and the growing demand for portable electronic devices, lithium batteries have been widely used in various fields as an efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage method. However, the power of a single battery is often difficult to meet the needs of complex or high-energy consumption devices. Therefore, combining multiple batteries in series or parallel to increase the overall power output has become a common solution.

[0003] In the process of battery series and parallel combination, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of each battery cell and maximize the service life of the battery pack, it is particularly important to scientifically manage each battery cell. This includes real-time monitoring of key parameters such as battery power, voltage, temperature, and adjusting the working state of the battery based on this information. In order to achieve this goal, the relevant information of each battery cell needs to be transmitted to the main control system through communication for overall management. In this process, a key issue is how to accurately identify each battery cell to ensure that the main control system can accurately receive and send information for a specific battery cell.

[0004] The traditional solution is to use a dip switch to assign a physical address to each battery cell. However, this method has many limitations. The number of addresses that can be assigned by the dip switch is limited by the number of bits of the dip switch. For example, a 4-bit dip switch can only set up to 16 addresses, which is obviously not enough for large-scale battery packs. The operation of the dip switch is inconvenient and requires manual dialing, which not only increases the difficulty of operation but also makes it easy to make mistakes. The dip switch may be affected by mechanical force during use, causing the dial to move, resulting in address errors. Since each bit of the dip switch is a mechanical switch, it is easy to cause poor contact due to dust, oxidation, etc., further increasing the risk of address errors. Each bit of the dip switch needs to correspond to an input port of the main control system, which will undoubtedly occupy a large amount of port resources and limit the scalability of the system.

[0005] In view of the above problems, it is urgently necessary to provide a physical address allocation method for a battery management system, which can realize the address allocation of a large number of battery cells, break through the limitation of the number of addresses of traditional dip switches, reduce the occupation of port resources of the main control system, and improve the scalability and flexibility of the system, so as to better manage the battery pack, ensure its safe and efficient operation, and provide stable and reliable energy support for various electronic devices. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a physical address allocation method for a battery management system, which can realize address allocation of a large number of battery cells, break through the limitation of the number of addresses of traditional dip switches, reduce the occupation of port resources of the main control system, and improve the scalability and flexibility of the system.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A physical address allocation method for a battery management system, the battery management system comprising a main control unit and a plurality of batteries, the main control unit being provided with a PWM output interface, and each battery being provided with a PWM input interface and a PWM output interface;

[0009] The method comprises:

[0010] Connect the PWM output interface of the previous battery to the PWM input interface of the next battery through the PWM signal line in sequence until it is connected to the last battery; connect the PWM output interface of the main control unit to the PWM input interface of the first battery through the PWM signal line;

[0011] The main control unit sends PWM pulses to the first-level battery through its PWM output interface; the previous-level battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulses and sends the adjusted PWM pulses to the next-level battery through its PWM output interface until it is sent to the last-level battery; the parameters of the PWM pulses received by the batteries at each level are not exactly the same;

[0012] When each battery level transmits data to the main control unit, the PWM pulses it receives are synchronously sent to the main control unit;

[0013] The main control unit identifies the physical address of the battery according to the parameters of the received PWM pulse.

[0014] Furthermore, the parameters of the PWM pulse include duty cycle and frequency.

[0015] Furthermore, the front-stage battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulse, including:

[0016] Obtain the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery;

[0017] Analyze whether the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit is less than 50%. If so, the front-stage battery increases the duty cycle of the received PWM pulse by a first preset value; if not, the front-stage battery decreases the duty cycle of the received PWM pulse by a second preset value;

[0018] The duty cycle of the PWM pulses received by each battery level is different.

[0019] Furthermore, the front-stage battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulse, and also includes:

[0020] Get the total number of batteries;

[0021] Analyze whether the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery is less than 50%. If so, generate a first preset value based on the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit and the total number of batteries; if not, generate a second preset value based on the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit and the total number of batteries.

[0022] Further, the first preset value n 预 The calculation method is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Where η 初 The duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery, and N is the total number of batteries.

[0025] Furthermore, the second preset value η′ 预 The calculation method is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] Where η 初 The duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery, and N is the total number of batteries.

[0028] The principles and advantages of the present invention are:

[0029] 1. In this solution, the main control unit is connected to each level of battery in sequence through the PWM signal line. The main control unit sends a PWM pulse to the first level of battery through its PWM output interface; the previous level battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulse, and sends the PWM pulse with adjusted parameters to the next level battery through its PWM output interface until it is sent to the last level battery. The parameters of the PWM pulses received by the batteries at each level are not exactly the same, so that the main control unit can identify the physical address of the battery according to the parameters of the received PWM pulse.

[0030] This scheme can theoretically support an unlimited number of address allocations. Taking the duty cycle of the PWM pulse as an example, if the duty cycle increases by 1%, 100 batteries can be supported; if the duty cycle increases by 1‰, 1000 batteries can be supported; even when the duty cycle increases by one hundred millionth, 100 million batteries can be supported. This flexible address allocation method greatly improves the scalability and adaptability of the system. Secondly, this method realizes the automatic generation of battery addresses. The next-level battery only needs to receive the PWM pulse of the previous battery to automatically form its own address without human intervention, which not only simplifies the address allocation process but also reduces the possibility of human error. In addition, since this method does not rely on mechanical switches, there is no address allocation problem caused by mechanical force, dust or oxidation, which further improves the stability and reliability of the system. Finally, this method also has the advantage of saving port resources. Each battery only needs to set up an additional PWM input interface and PWM output interface, which greatly reduces the demand for ports and makes the system more concise and efficient.

[0031] 2. The duty cycle of the PWM pulse is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the preset value. Specifically, if the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery is different, the progressive method used is different, and the specific progressive value is also different. This differentiated duty cycle adjustment strategy enables the addresses of batteries at each level to be distinguished quickly and accurately. The principle is that the greater the difference in duty cycle, the more conducive it is for the main control unit to quickly and accurately distinguish the addresses of batteries at each level. Therefore, in this solution, by selecting a progressive method and calculating the first preset value and the second preset value, the effect of maximizing the difference and uniformity of the duty cycle of the PWM pulses received by each battery is achieved. This difference enables the main control unit to more quickly and accurately distinguish the addresses of batteries at different levels according to the duty cycle of the received PWM pulse signal.

[0032] By adopting this solution, firstly, the accuracy and efficiency of address allocation are improved. By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM pulse, the addresses of each level of batteries can be accurately and quickly allocated, avoiding errors and delays that may exist in traditional methods. Secondly, the flexibility and scalability of the system are enhanced. Since the duty cycle is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the preset value, the progressive method and specific value can be flexibly selected according to actual needs, thereby adapting to battery management systems of different scales and complexities. Finally, the complexity and cost of the system are reduced. Compared with the additional hardware equipment or complex algorithms that may be required in the traditional method, the present invention can achieve efficient address allocation only by simply adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM pulse, thereby reducing the complexity and cost of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for allocating physical addresses of a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a battery management system in an embodiment of a physical address allocation method of a battery management system of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a battery management system in the prior art.

[0036] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of a DIP switch of a battery management system in the prior art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0038] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise specified or explained, the term "plurality" refers to two or more; the terms "connected" and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] Embodiment 1 is basically as attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0041] In order to accurately identify each battery cell and ensure that the main control system can accurately receive and send information for a specific battery cell, the prior art generally adopts the following method: Figure 3 The battery management system shown in Figure 3 As shown, each battery unit is provided with a dial switch. For the convenience of explanation, the following is used Figure 4 The 4-bit DIP switch shown in the figure is used as an example. Each bit of the DIP switch can give a signal of 0 or 1 respectively. Therefore, the above 4-bit DIP switch has 16 different combinations as shown in Table 1:

[0042] Table 1 Diagram of DIP switch position combinations

[0043]

[0044] It can be seen that this method has the defects of limited number of allocable addresses, inconvenient operation of the DIP switch, increased risk of address errors, occupying a large amount of port resources, and limiting system scalability.

[0045] In this regard, this solution proposes a physical address allocation method for a battery management system, such as Figure 2 As shown, the battery management system includes a main control unit and a plurality of batteries. The main control unit is provided with a PWM output interface, and each battery is provided with a PWM input interface and a PWM output interface.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0047] Connect the PWM output interface of the previous battery to the PWM input interface of the next battery through the PWM signal line in sequence until it is connected to the last battery; connect the PWM output interface of the main control unit to the PWM input interface of the first battery through the PWM signal line.

[0048] The main control unit sends PWM pulses to the first-level battery through its PWM output interface; the previous-level battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulses, and sends the PWM pulses with adjusted parameters to the next-level battery through its PWM output interface until it is sent to the last-level battery; the parameters of the PWM pulses received by each level of battery are not exactly the same. Specifically, the parameters of the PWM pulses include duty cycle and frequency. When adjusting the parameters of the PWM pulses, only the duty cycle of the PWM pulses can be adjusted, or only the frequency of the PWM pulses can be adjusted, or both can be adjusted together.

[0049] In this embodiment, the duty cycles of the PWM pulses received by the batteries at each level are different, but the frequencies are the same. The preceding battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulses, including:

[0050] Obtain the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery and the total number of batteries in the battery management system.

[0051] Analyze whether the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit is less than 50%. If so, generate a first preset value based on the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit and the total number of batteries, and the front-stage battery increases the first preset value based on the duty cycle of the received PWM pulse; if not, generate a second preset value based on the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit and the total number of batteries, and the front-stage battery reduces the second preset value based on the duty cycle of the received PWM pulse.

[0052] The first preset value n 预 The calculation method is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Where η 初 The duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery, and N is the total number of batteries.

[0055] The second preset value η′ 预 The calculation method is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Where η 初 The duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery, and N is the total number of batteries.

[0058] Therefore, the duty cycle of the PWM pulses received by each level of battery is different. Take the case where the duty cycle of the PWM pulses sent by the main control unit to the first level battery is 0% and the total number of batteries is 5 as an example: Since the duty cycle of the PWM pulses sent by the main control unit is less than 50%, the duty cycle of the PWM pulses is adjusted in an incremental manner. Specifically, the duty cycle of the PWM pulses received by the first level battery is 0%, the duty cycle of the PWM pulses received by the second level battery is 25%, the duty cycle of the PWM pulses received by the third level battery is 50%, the duty cycle of the PWM pulses received by the fourth level battery is 75%, and the duty cycle of the PWM pulses received by the fifth level battery is 100%.

[0059] When each battery level transmits data to the main control unit through the communication line, the received PWM pulse is synchronously sent to the main control unit; the main control unit identifies the physical address of the battery according to the parameters of the received PWM pulse.

[0060] By adopting this solution, firstly, the accuracy and efficiency of address allocation are improved. By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM pulse, the addresses of each level of batteries can be accurately and quickly allocated, avoiding errors and delays that may exist in traditional methods. Secondly, the flexibility and scalability of the system are enhanced. Since the duty cycle is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the preset value, the progressive method and specific value can be flexibly selected according to actual needs, thereby adapting to battery management systems of different scales and complexities. Finally, the complexity and cost of the system are reduced. Compared with the additional hardware equipment or complex algorithms that may be required in the traditional method, the present invention can achieve efficient address allocation only by simply adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM pulse, thereby reducing the complexity and cost of the system.

[0061] Embodiment 2:

[0062] The basic principle of Example 2 is the same as that of Example 1, except that in Example 2, the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery is set to 1%, and the duty cycle of the PWM pulse is adjusted by increasing the fixed value. Specifically, the front-level battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulse, including: the front-level battery increases the duty cycle of the received PWM pulse by 1%. That is, assuming that there are n levels of batteries, the duty cycle of the PWM pulse output by the main control unit is 1%, the duty cycle of the PWM pulse output by the first-level battery is 2%, the duty cycle of the PWM pulse output by the second-level battery is 3%, and so on. The duty cycle of the PWM pulse output by the n-1th level battery is n%, that is, the duty cycle of the PWM received by the last nth level battery is n%. As a result, each battery will receive a PWM pulse with a different duty cycle, and these PWM pulses with different duty cycles can actually be used as the physical address information of each battery.

[0063] As in the example above, the duty cycle of the PWM pulse received by the second-level battery is 2%. When the second-level battery sends information to the main control unit, the 2% duty cycle information is transmitted to the main control unit, and the main control unit determines that the information is sent by the second-level battery. Similarly, the main control unit will differentially identify the information of all batteries.

[0064] The above is to achieve physical address allocation through inconsistent duty cycle. The same duty cycle but inconsistent PWM frequency can also be used to identify the physical address. The principle is similar and will not be repeated here.

[0065] The above are only embodiments of the present invention. Common knowledge such as the known specific structures and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. Ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field to which the invention belongs before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental means before that date. Ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for allocating physical addresses of a battery management system, the battery management system comprising a main control unit and a plurality of batteries, characterized in that: The main control unit is provided with a PWM output interface, and each battery is provided with a PWM input interface and a PWM output interface; The method comprises: Connect the PWM output interface of the previous battery to the PWM input interface of the next battery through the PWM signal line in sequence until it is connected to the last battery; connect the PWM output interface of the main control unit to the PWM input interface of the first battery through the PWM signal line; The main control unit sends PWM pulses to the first-level battery through its PWM output interface; the previous-level battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulses and sends the adjusted PWM pulses to the next-level battery through its PWM output interface until it is sent to the last-level battery; the parameters of the PWM pulses received by the batteries at each level are not exactly the same; When each battery level transmits data to the main control unit, the PWM pulses it receives are synchronously sent to the main control unit; The main control unit identifies the physical address of the battery according to the parameters of the received PWM pulse.

2. The physical address allocation method of the battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters of the PWM pulse include duty cycle and frequency.

3. The physical address allocation method of the battery management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front-stage battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulse, including: Obtain the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery; Analyze whether the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit is less than 50%. If so, the front-stage battery increases the duty cycle of the received PWM pulse by a first preset value; if not, the front-stage battery decreases the duty cycle of the received PWM pulse by a second preset value; The duty cycle of the PWM pulses received by each battery level is different.

4. The physical address allocation method of the battery management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front-stage battery adjusts the parameters of the received PWM pulse, including: Get the total number of batteries; Analyze whether the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery is less than 50%. If so, generate a first preset value based on the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit and the total number of batteries; if not, generate a second preset value based on the duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit and the total number of batteries.

5. The physical address allocation method of the battery management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first preset value n 预 The calculation method is as follows: Where η 初 The duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery, and N is the total number of batteries.

6. The physical address allocation method of the battery management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second preset value η′ 预 The calculation method is as follows: Where η 初 The duty cycle of the PWM pulse sent by the main control unit to the first-level battery, and N is the total number of batteries.

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