Test device and test method for migration characterization of particles in tailing sand column under action of hydraulic erosion

Abstract

The invention discloses a characterization test device and a characterization test method for migration of particles in a tailing sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion, and belongs to the technical field of verification tests. The device comprises a transparent rigid container, a water injection pipe and a water outlet pipe, a containing space is formed in the transparent rigid container, and a tailing sand column is contained in the containing space; a water outlet of the water injection pipe is arranged at the top of the transparent rigid container; a water inlet of the water outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the transparent rigid container; to-be-characterized particles are laid on the upper surface of the tailing sand column; wherein the to-be-characterized particles are subjected to fluorescent dyeing, and the dyeing color of the to-be-characterized particles is different from the color of the tailing sand column. The test method is realized based on the test device. The device effectively solves the problems that an existing test device cannot simulate migration of fine particles in real tailing sand and cannot simulate long-duration rainfall erosion, and the long-duration rainfall can visually simulate the long-time erosion process of tailings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of verification tests, and in particular to a test device and a test method for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of mineral resources, the amount of tailings stockpiles has increased year by year, and the height of tailings ponds has continued to rise. Most tailings ponds use cyclone discharge to discharge tailings into the pond, which results in high water content in the tailings storage process. In addition to the excess water in the tailings pond seeping downward and being discharged through the drainage system, the failure of the tailings dam's anti-seepage membrane may cause the tailwater in the reservoir to penetrate and erode the dam body. In addition, in the event of long-term light rainfall, the migration of fine particles inside the tailings dam under the action of hydraulic erosion may eventually cause the infiltration damage of the tailings dam, thereby having serious adverse effects on the surrounding ecological environment and residents' lives. Research on the infiltration and migration of fine particles in tailings dams is of great significance to understanding the infiltration and migration mechanism of tailings particles under long-term hydraulic erosion and the long-term safety and stability of tailings ponds. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a test device and test method for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion, which effectively solves the problems that the current test device cannot simulate the migration of fine particles in real tailings sand and cannot simulate the erosion effect of long-duration rainfall, and realizes the visual simulation of the long-term erosion process of tailings by long-duration rainfall, thereby being more suitable for practical use.

[0004] In order to achieve the above first purpose, the technical scheme of the particle migration characterization test device in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion provided by the present invention comprises a transparent rigid container (5), a water injection pipe (13), and a water outlet pipe (14).

[0006] The transparent rigid container (5) is provided with a containing space inside, and the tailing sand column (16) is contained in the containing space;

[0007] The water outlet of the water injection pipe (13) is arranged at the top of the transparent rigid container (5), and the water inlet of the water outlet pipe (14) is arranged at the bottom of the transparent rigid container (5);

[0008] The particles to be characterized (17) are laid on the upper surface of the tailings sand column;

[0009] The particles to be characterized (17) are fluorescently dyed, and the dyed color of the particles to be characterized (17) is different from the color of the tailings sand column (16).

[0010] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by the present invention can also be further implemented by adopting the following technical measures.

[0011] Preferably, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion further comprises a sponge layer (18).

[0012] The sponge layer (18) is arranged above the particles (17) to be characterized in the transparent rigid container.

[0013] Preferably, there is a gap between the upper surface of the sponge layer (18) and the top inner surface of the transparent rigid container (5).

[0014] Preferably, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion further comprises a gauze layer (15),

[0015] The gauze layer (15) and the transparent rigid container are arranged between the tailings sand column (16) and the bottom inner surface of the transparent rigid container (5).

[0016] Preferably, the test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion further comprises a support (6).

[0017] The transparent rigid container (5) is fixedly connected to the bracket so that the transparent rigid container (5) is in a vertical state.

[0018] Preferably, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion further comprises a water tank (7).

[0019] The water outlet pipe (14) is connected to the water tank (7) through a water outlet.

[0020] Preferably, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion further comprises a filter membrane (9).

[0021] The filter membrane (9) is arranged in the water tank (7), so that the water tank (7) is divided into a first area and a second area by the filter membrane (9).

[0022] The water outlet pipe (14) is connected to the second area through the water outlet, so that backflow water (11) is formed in the second area, and the first area is used to collect filtered water (10) filtered by the filter membrane (9).

[0023] Preferably, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion further comprises a water pump (4).

[0024] The water intake port of the water injection pipe (13) is connected to the first area after passing through the water pump (4).

[0025] Preferably, the test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion further comprises a first valve (1) and / or a second valve (2) and / or a third valve (3),

[0026] The first valve (1) is arranged between the water intake port of the water injection pipe (13) and the water pump (4);

[0027] The second valve (2) is arranged between the water pump (4) and the water outlet of the water injection pipe (13);

[0028] The third valve (3) is arranged between the water inlet of the water outlet pipe (14) and the water outlet of the water outlet pipe (14).

[0029] Preferably, the particle migration characterization test device in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes a picture acquisition terminal and / or a video acquisition terminal.

[0030] The acquisition range of the camera of the picture acquisition terminal and / or the video acquisition terminal includes the area where the transparent rigid container (5) is located.

[0031] Preferably, the particle migration characterization test device in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes an intelligent terminal.

[0032] The smart terminal is provided with an interface that can be connected to the picture acquisition terminal and / or the video acquisition terminal, and the smart terminal is connected to the picture acquisition terminal and / or the video acquisition terminal through the interface.

[0033] Preferably, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes:

[0034] A picture and / or video acquisition module, used to acquire pictures and / or videos acquired by the picture acquisition terminal and / or video acquisition terminal;

[0035] The image and / or video analysis module is used to analyze the images and / or videos to obtain test results characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion.

[0036] In order to achieve the above second purpose, the technical scheme of the test method for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0037] The test method provided by the present invention based on the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0038] Injecting water into the transparent rigid container (5) through the water injection pipe (13) so that the particles to be characterized (17) migrate in the tailings sand column (16);

[0039] Observing and recording the movement of the particles to be characterized (17) within the tailings sand column (16) to obtain an observation record;

[0040] According to the observation records, the migration process of the particles to be characterized (17) in the tailings sand column (16) is analyzed to obtain test results of the characterization of the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion.

[0041] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by the embodiment of the present invention forms a tailings sand column in a transparent rigid container 5, which can simulate tailings conditions. The top of the transparent rigid container 5 is connected by a water injection pipe 13, so that water is injected into the transparent rigid container 5 through the water injection pipe 13 to form rainfall conditions simulating tailings. The water injected into the transparent rigid container 5 is drained through the outlet pipe 14 to form conditions simulating the surface infiltration of tailings. Among them, the particles 17 to be characterized are fluorescently dyed, and the color of the fluorescent dye is different from the color of the tailings sand column 16. Therefore, the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion can be understood by observing the migration of the fluorescently dyed particles 17. It is helpful to study the particle distribution change characteristics of tailings under long-term seepage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0043] Attached Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Attached Figure 2 A flow chart of the steps of a test method for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Description of reference numerals:

[0046] 1-first valve; 2-second valve; 3-third valve, 4-water pump, 5-transparent rigid container, 6-bracket, 7-water tank, 8-water tank cover, 9-filter membrane, 10-filtered water, 11-reflux water, 12-water intake end of water injection pipe, 13-water injection pipe, 14-water outlet pipe, 15-gauze layer, 16-tailings sand column, 17-particles to be characterized, 18-sponge layer, 19-image acquisition terminal, 20-video acquisition terminal, 21-intelligent terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In view of this, the present invention provides a test device and test method for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion, which effectively solves the problems that the current test device cannot simulate the migration of fine particles in real tailings sand and cannot simulate the erosion effect of long-duration rainfall, and realizes the visual simulation of the long-term erosion process of tailings by long-duration rainfall, thereby being more suitable for practical use.

[0048] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following is a detailed description of a test device and test method for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion proposed by the present invention, its specific implementation method, structure, characteristics and effects as follows in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form.

[0049] The term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist, for example, A and / or B. Specifically, it is understood that: A and B may be included at the same time, A may exist alone, or B may exist alone, and any of the above three situations may be met.

[0050] Experimental device for characterizing particle transport in tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion

[0051] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by the present invention comprises a transparent rigid container 5, a water injection pipe 13, and a water outlet pipe 14. A accommodating space is provided inside the transparent rigid container 5, and a tailings sand column 16 is accommodated in the accommodating space. The water outlet of the water injection pipe 13 is arranged at the top of the transparent rigid container 5, and the water inlet of the water outlet pipe 14 is arranged at the bottom of the transparent rigid container 5. The particles 17 to be characterized are laid on the upper surface of the tailings sand column. The particles 17 to be characterized are fluorescently dyed, and the dyeing color of the particles 17 to be characterized is different from the color of the tailings sand column 16.

[0052] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by the embodiment of the present invention forms a tailings sand column in a transparent rigid container 5, which can simulate tailings conditions. The top of the transparent rigid container 5 is connected by a water injection pipe 13, so that water is injected into the transparent rigid container 5 through the water injection pipe 13 to form rainfall conditions simulating tailings. The water injected into the transparent rigid container 5 is drained through the outlet pipe 14 to form conditions simulating the surface infiltration of tailings. Among them, the particles 17 to be characterized are fluorescently dyed, and the color of the fluorescent dye is different from the color of the tailings sand column 16. Therefore, the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion can be understood by observing the migration of the fluorescently dyed particles 17. It is helpful to study the particle distribution change characteristics of tailings under long-term seepage.

[0053] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion also includes a sponge layer 18. The sponge layer 18 is arranged above the particle 17 to be characterized in a transparent rigid container. In this embodiment, the thickness of the sponge layer 18 is about 5 mm. In this case, the sponge layer 18 first absorbs water from the water outlet of the water injection pipe 13, and then seeps water from the bottom of the sponge layer 18 to the tailings sand column 16. Therefore, the water outlet point of the water outlet of the water injection pipe 13 can be converted into the surface water outlet of the sponge layer 18. Therefore, the surface precipitation of the rainfall process can be simulated, making the simulated rainfall process more accurate.

[0054] There is a gap between the upper surface of the sponge layer 18 and the top inner surface of the transparent rigid container 5. In this case, the water flowing out of the water outlet of the water injection pipe 13 has a buffer space in the gap, which is more conducive to the sponge layer 18 absorbing water and forming a more accurate simulated rainfall process.

[0055] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes a gauze layer 15. The gauze layer 15 is arranged between the tailings sand column 16 and the bottom inner surface of the transparent rigid container 5. In this case, the gauze layer 15 can absorb the water leaked from the tailings sand column 16, simulating the situation of surface infiltration, so that the results of the simulation test are more accurate.

[0056] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes a bracket 6. The transparent rigid container 5 is fixedly connected to the bracket so that the transparent rigid container 5 is in a vertical state. In this case, the sponge layer 18 can be placed directly above the tailings sand column 16, and the gauze layer 15 can be placed directly below the tailings sand column 16, without causing deviation in the simulation conditions due to the tilt of the transparent rigid container 5. By changing the fineness of the gauze, the particle size of the seeping particles can be controlled to prevent a large number of particles from entering the outlet pipe 14 and depositing or causing blockage.

[0057] The particle migration characterization test device under hydraulic erosion in the tailings sand column further includes a water tank 7. The water outlet pipe 14 is connected to the water tank 7 through the water outlet. In this case, the water used in the particle migration characterization test under hydraulic erosion in the tailings sand column can flow back through the water tank 7, thereby saving resources and reducing environmental pollution.

[0058] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes a filter membrane 9. The filter membrane 9 is arranged in the water tank 7, so that the water tank 7 is divided into a first area and a second area by the filter membrane 9. The outlet pipe 14 is connected to the second area through the outlet, so that the backflow water 11 is formed in the second area, and the first area is used to collect the filtered water 10 filtered by the filter membrane 9. In this case, the backflow water 11 can form the filtered water 10 after being filtered by the filter membrane 9, which provides a basis for the subsequent use of the filtered water.

[0059] Among them, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion also includes a water pump 4. The water inlet of the water injection pipe 13 is connected to the first area after passing through the water pump 4. In this case, the filtered water 10 can be drawn from the first area through the water inlet of the water injection pipe 13, so that the filtered water 10 can be recycled, further saving resources and reducing environmental pollution. In this embodiment, it also includes a water tank cover 8, which is covered on the top of the water tank 7. In this case, a first through hole and a second through hole can be opened on the water tank cover 8, wherein the first through hole is used for the water inlet of the water injection pipe 13 to pass through, and the second through hole is used for the outlet pipe 14 to pass through the outlet. On this basis, the first through hole and the second through hole can be used to fix the position of the water injection pipe 13 and the outlet pipe 14, so that the test condition is more stable when the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion provided in the embodiment of the present invention is tested.

[0060] Among them, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion also includes a first valve 1 and / or a second valve 2 and / or a third valve 3. The first valve 1 is arranged between the water inlet of the water injection pipe 13 and the water pump 4. The second valve 2 is arranged between the water pump 4 and the water flow outlet of the water injection pipe 13. The third valve 3 is arranged between the water flow inlet of the water outlet pipe 14 and the water flow outlet of the water outlet pipe 14. In this case, the flow rate and flow velocity of the water flow are controlled respectively by the first valve 1 and / or the second valve 2 and / or the third valve 3, so as to simulate the adjustment of the rainfall amount, and can adapt to more rainfall simulation conditions.

[0061] The test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes a picture and / or video acquisition terminal. The acquisition range of the camera of the picture acquisition terminal and / or video acquisition terminal includes the area where the transparent rigid container 5 is located. In this case, by collecting pictures and / or videos of the area where the transparent rigid container 5 is located through the picture acquisition terminal and / or video acquisition terminal, the need for manned supervision can be reduced, which can not only save human resources, but also avoid the situation of missing observations caused by the single observation of the human eye.

[0062] Among them, the particle migration characterization test device in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion also includes an intelligent terminal. The intelligent terminal is provided with an interface that can be connected to the picture acquisition terminal and / or the video acquisition terminal, and the intelligent terminal is connected to the picture acquisition terminal and / or the video acquisition terminal through the interface. In this case, by connecting the picture acquisition terminal and / or the video acquisition terminal through the intelligent terminal, the relevant data can be directly imported into the intelligent terminal, providing a basis for the use of the relevant data.

[0063] Among them, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes:

[0064] The picture and / or video acquisition module is used to acquire pictures and / or videos acquired by the picture acquisition terminal and / or video acquisition terminal.

[0065] The image and / or video analysis module is used to analyze the images and / or videos to obtain test results characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion.

[0066] In this case, the image and / or video analysis module can obtain the corresponding analysis model through machine learning, and then, when the corresponding images and / or videos of the particles 17 to be characterized need to be characterized, the analysis conclusion can be obtained through the corresponding analysis model, which can be based on the artificial neural network to learn the samples of the particles 17 to be characterized.

[0067] Experimental study on the particle migration characterization test device in the tailings sand column under the hydraulic erosion provided by the present invention method

[0068] The test method provided by the present invention based on the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0069] Step S1: injecting water into the transparent rigid container 5 through the water injection pipe 13 so that the particles 17 to be characterized migrate in the tailings sand column 16 .

[0070] Step S2: Observe and record the movement of the particles 17 to be characterized in the tailings sand column 16 to obtain an observation record.

[0071] Step S3: Analyze the migration process of the particle 17 to be characterized in the tailings sand column 16 according to the observation records, and obtain the test results of the characterization of the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion.

[0072] The test method for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion provided by an embodiment of the present invention forms a tailings sand column in a transparent rigid container 5, which can simulate tailings conditions. The top of the transparent rigid container 5 is connected by a water injection pipe 13, so that water is injected into the transparent rigid container 5 through the water injection pipe 13 to form rainfall conditions simulating tailings. The water injected into the transparent rigid container 5 is drained through the outlet pipe 14 to form conditions simulating the surface infiltration of tailings. Among them, the particle 17 to be characterized is fluorescently dyed, and the color of the fluorescent dye is different from the color of the tailings sand column 16. Therefore, the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion can be understood by observing the migration of the fluorescently dyed particles 17. It is helpful to study the particle distribution change characteristics of tailings under long-term seepage.

[0073] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0074] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion, characterized in that: It comprises a transparent rigid container (5), a water injection pipe (13), and a water outlet pipe (14). The transparent rigid container (5) is provided with a containing space inside, and the tailings sand column (16) is contained in the containing space; The water outlet of the water injection pipe (13) is arranged at the top of the transparent rigid container (5), and the water inlet of the water outlet pipe (14) is arranged at the bottom of the transparent rigid container (5); The particles to be characterized (17) are laid on the upper surface of the tailings sand column; The particles to be characterized (17) are fluorescently dyed, and the dyed color of the particles to be characterized (17) is different from the color of the tailings sand column (16).

2. The test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a sponge layer (18), The sponge layer (18) is arranged above the particles (17) to be characterized in the transparent rigid container.

3. The test device for characterizing particle migration in tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that: There is a gap between the upper surface of the sponge layer (18) and the top inner surface of the transparent rigid container (5).

4. The test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes a gauze layer (15), The gauze layer (15) and the transparent rigid container are arranged between the tailings sand column (16) and the bottom inner surface of the transparent rigid container (5).

5. The test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a bracket (6), The transparent rigid container (5) is fixedly connected to the bracket so that the transparent rigid container (5) is in a vertical state.

6. The test device for characterizing particle migration in tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a water tank (7), The water outlet pipe (14) is connected to the water tank (7) through a water outlet.

7. The test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes a filter membrane (9), The filter membrane (9) is arranged in the water tank (7), so that the water tank (7) is divided into a first area and a second area by the filter membrane (9). The water outlet pipe (14) is connected to the second area through the water outlet, so that backflow water (11) is formed in the second area, and the first area is used to collect filtered water (10) filtered by the filter membrane (9).

8. The test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a water pump (4), The water intake port of the water injection pipe (13) is connected to the first area after passing through the water pump (4).

9. The test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a first valve (1) and / or a second valve (2) and / or a third valve (3), The first valve (1) is arranged between the water intake port of the water injection pipe (13) and the water pump (4); The second valve (2) is arranged between the water pump (4) and the water outlet of the water injection pipe (13); The third valve (3) is arranged between the water inlet of the water outlet pipe (14) and the water outlet of the water outlet pipe (14); Preferably, the particle migration characterization test device in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes a picture acquisition terminal and / or a video acquisition terminal. The acquisition range of the camera of the picture acquisition terminal and / or the video acquisition terminal includes the area where the transparent rigid container (5) is located; Preferably, the particle migration characterization test device in the tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes an intelligent terminal. The smart terminal is provided with an interface that can be connected to the picture acquisition terminal and / or the video acquisition terminal, and the smart terminal is connected to the picture acquisition terminal and / or the video acquisition terminal through the interface; Preferably, the test device for characterizing the migration of particles in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion also includes: A picture and / or video acquisition module, used to acquire pictures and / or videos acquired by the picture acquisition terminal and / or video acquisition terminal; The image and / or video analysis module is used to analyze the images and / or videos to obtain test results characterizing the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion.

10. A test method based on the test device for characterizing particle migration in a tailings sand column under hydraulic erosion as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Injecting water into the transparent rigid container (5) through the water injection pipe (13) so that the particles to be characterized (17) migrate in the tailings sand column (16); Observing and recording the movement of the particles to be characterized (17) within the tailings sand column (16) to obtain an observation record; According to the observation records, the migration process of the particles to be characterized (17) in the tailings sand column (16) is analyzed to obtain test results of the characterization of the migration of particles in the tailings sand column under the action of hydraulic erosion.

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