Method for preventing Tokamak device neutrons from impacting inner wall of reactor

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for solving the problem that neutrons impact the inner wall of a reactor in the operation process of a Tokamak device, which can be called as a circulating liquid protection structure. The method specifically comprises the following steps: embedding two annular space sprayers into the inner wall above a middle column of a reactor, continuously spraying high-temperature-resistant liquid to the inner wall, enabling a layer of liquid continuously flowing downwards to be attached to the surface of the inner wall of the whole reactor under the action of gravity, and enabling the liquid to pass through a hole formed in the bottom of the inner wall of the reactor and flow into a liquid storage tank below the device; and then the liquid in the liquid storage tank is pressed into the two annular space nozzles by a pump through an external pipeline and is sprayed to the periphery. Therefore, the high-temperature-resistant liquid which circularly flows in the completely-closed vacuum structure can cover the surface of the inner wall of the whole reactor and continuously resist impact from neutrons, so that the inner wall of the reactor is fundamentally protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention is a method for solving the problem of neutrons hitting the inner wall of a reactor during the operation of a tokamak device. Background Art

[0002] Controllable hot nuclear magnetic confinement fusion research is a very significant research field in contemporary natural science research. Its goal is to create extremely high temperature conditions on Earth, which is equivalent to the temperature inside the sun, and use the abundant deuterium resources in seawater to carry out nuclear fusion reactions, releasing huge fusion energy, and providing mankind with an "inexhaustible" new energy source. After more than 70 years of research and exploration, magnetic confinement fusion devices around the world have gradually focused on tokamaks.

[0003] During the operation of the Tokamak device, the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction will generate helium and neutrons, and release huge amounts of energy. The generated neutrons have high energy and are not charged. They are not constrained by the magnetic field in the Tokamak device and have a high probability of hitting the inner wall of the reactor. Since these high-energy neutrons have strong impact and penetration capabilities, they will damage the inner wall material when hitting the inner wall of the reactor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention can be called a "circulating liquid protection structure". Specifically, two annular gap nozzles are embedded in the inner wall above the center column of the reactor, and a high-temperature resistant liquid is continuously sprayed on the inner wall. Through the action of gravity, a layer of the liquid that continuously flows downward is attached to the surface of the entire inner wall of the reactor, and passes through the holes drilled at the bottom of the inner wall of the reactor, and flows into the liquid storage tank below the device. Then, a pump is used to press the liquid in the liquid storage tank into the two annular gap nozzles through an external pipe and spray it out in all directions. In this way, the high-temperature resistant liquid circulating in a completely closed vacuum structure can cover the entire surface of the inner wall of the reactor, continuously resisting the impact from neutrons, and providing fundamental protection for the inner wall of the reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a tokamak device that does not adopt the present invention.

[0006] Figure 2 Another schematic diagram of a Tokamak device that does not adopt the present invention.

[0007] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a Tokamak device that does not adopt the present invention during operation.

[0008] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of embedded low-position annular gap nozzle and high-position annular gap nozzle.

[0009] Figure 5 These are the front view and top view of the low-position annular gap nozzle and the high-position annular gap nozzle.

[0010] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the reservoir and holes.

[0011] Figure 7 It is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the bottom of the inner wall of the vacuum chamber.

[0012] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a large diameter circular pipe connected from a liquid storage tank to a high-position annular gap nozzle.

[0013] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the circulation of liquid in a large diameter circular pipe.

[0014] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of a small diameter circular pipe running from a reservoir into a low level annular nozzle.

[0015] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the circulation of liquid in a small diameter circular pipe.

[0016] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the overall circulation flow of liquid after the entire structure is completed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The complete structure of the "circulating liquid protection structure" can be intuitively understood through the following steps.

[0018] Step 1: A tokamak device (such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), and its runtime conditions (such as Figure 3 ).

[0019] Step 2: First, make the inner wall of the Tokamak device smooth enough to provide conditions for the liquid flowing downward to adhere.

[0020] Step 3: Raise the inner wall of the top of the center column and embed two flat annular gap sprinklers with the same cross-section as the center column. The low annular gap sprinkler is indicated in blue and the high annular gap sprinkler is indicated in red (such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 ). Make the bottom surface of the low-position annular gap nozzle close to the top of the center column, the top surface of the low-position annular gap nozzle close to the bottom surface of the high-position annular gap nozzle, and the top surface of the high-position annular gap nozzle close to the inner wall just above the device.

[0021] Step 4: A vacuum-tight liquid storage tank is connected to the bottom of the device, and a downward hole is punched at the bottom of the inner wall of the vacuum chamber (the hole can be of any shape and any number), so that the liquid in the vacuum chamber can flow into the liquid storage tank through the opened hole (such as Figure 6 ). Figure 6 Cut horizontally along the green straight line to get a horizontal cross-sectional view of the bottom of the vacuum chamber wall (see Figure 7 ).

[0022] Step 5: Open a hole in the liquid storage tank and connect a large diameter circular pipe, extending from the outside of the device upward to the top of the top, and penetrate downward from the top outer wall until it penetrates the top inner wall of the vacuum chamber and the upper wall of the high-position annular gap nozzle (such as Figure 8 ).

[0023] Step 6: The bottom liquid plane in the vacuum chamber must be slightly higher than the bottom inner wall plane, and the liquid plane (including holes and liquid reservoirs) is completely filled with liquid. The liquid is pumped to the top by a high-pressure pump in a large-diameter circular pipe, and then sprayed horizontally 360° downward through a high-position annular gap nozzle, and adheres to the inner wall of the outer coil, and flows downward into the bottom liquid plane (such as Fig. 9 , the liquid is represented by a grass green line, and the flow direction of the liquid is represented by an arrow).

[0024] Step 7: Inside the large diameter circular pipe, pass through a concentric circular pipe with a smaller diameter and fix it. The small diameter circular pipe is also connected to the reservoir, extends inside the large diameter circular pipe to the top of the device, and then penetrates downward, all the way through the upper wall of the low annular gap nozzle (such as Fig.10 ).

[0025] Step 8: Similar to the liquid in the large diameter circular pipe, the liquid in the small diameter circular pipe is pressed to the top by the low pressure pump, and then sprayed vertically downward 360° through the low position annular gap nozzle, and attached to the inner wall of the middle column, and then flows downward into the bottom liquid plane (such as Fig.11 , the liquid is represented by a grass green line, and the flow direction of the liquid is represented by an arrow).

[0026] Step 9: The entire structure is completed. The high-temperature resistant liquid circulating in the vacuum environment adheres to the inner wall of the central column and the inner wall of the outer coil, which can continuously resist the impact of neutrons. The inner wall of the reactor no longer needs to worry about neutron collisions (such as Fig.12 , the liquid is represented by a grass green line, and the flow direction of the liquid is represented by an arrow).

Claims

1. A method for solving the problem of neutrons hitting the inner wall of the reactor during the operation of a tokamak device, which can be called a "circulating liquid protection structure", is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: A tokamak device that has not yet been adopted by the present invention is required; Step 2: Make the inner wall of the tokamak device smooth enough to provide conditions for the liquid flowing downward to adhere; Step 3: Raise the inner wall of the top of the center column and embed two flat annular gap sprinklers with the same cross-section as the center column, which are called low-position annular gap sprinklers and high-position annular gap sprinklers respectively; Step 4: A vacuum-sealed liquid storage tank is connected to the bottom of the device, and a downward hole is punched at the bottom of the inner wall of the vacuum chamber (the hole can be of any shape and any number), so that the liquid in the vacuum chamber can flow into the liquid storage tank through the opened hole; Step 5: Open a hole in the liquid storage tank and connect a large diameter circular pipe, extending upward from the outside of the device to the top of the top, penetrating downward from the top outer wall until it penetrates through the top inner wall of the vacuum chamber and the upper wall of the high-position annular gap nozzle; Step 6: The bottom liquid plane in the vacuum chamber must be slightly higher than the bottom inner wall plane, and the area below the liquid plane (including holes and liquid storage tanks) is filled with liquid; the liquid is pressed to the top by a high-pressure pump in a large-diameter circular pipe, and then downward, through a high-position annular gap nozzle, it is sprayed horizontally 360°, adheres to the inner wall of the outer coil, and flows downward into the bottom liquid plane; Step 7: Inside the large diameter circular pipe, pass through a concentric circular pipe with a smaller diameter and fix it; the small diameter circular pipe is also connected to the liquid storage tank, extends inside the large diameter circular pipe to the top of the device, and then penetrates downward, all the way through the upper wall of the low-position annular gap nozzle; Step 8: Similar to the liquid in the large diameter circular pipe, the liquid in the small diameter circular pipe is pressed to the top by the low pressure pump, and then sprayed vertically downward 360° through the low position annular gap nozzle, and adheres to the inner wall of the middle column, and flows downward into the bottom liquid plane; Step 9: The entire structure is completed. The high-temperature resistant liquid circulating in the vacuum environment adheres to the inner wall of the central column and the inner wall of the outer coil, which can continuously resist the impact of neutrons. The inner wall of the reactor no longer needs to worry about neutron collisions.

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