Transmission of event data recording recorded by fire alerties, having measurements related to instanced fire

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for recording measured values (MOP, MT, MCO), in particular raw measured values, relating to important fire characteristic variables (OPT, TEMP, CO), which are detected by a fire alarm (2), in which the measured values are stored as records in a data memory (DS) of the fire alarm if the current measured values exceed limit values (OG, TG, COG) as signs for a fire event, wherein after the recording, an event data record (REC) is formed together with the head data (HEADER), and wherein the event data record is transmitted to the fire alarm center in a secondary manner by the fire alarm in a temporally distributed manner and over a plurality of data transmission blocks (DAT) released by the fire alarm center (1). Preferably, the average data transfer rate, DRZ, between the fire alarm and the fire alarm center is less than the average stored data rate, DRM, for storing the event data records in the fire alarm. The invention further relates to a fire alarm, a fire alarm center and a fire alarm installation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for recording measured values, in particular raw measured values, of at least one relevant fire characteristic variable, which indicates a possible fire event and is detected by a fire alarm. If the current measured value of at least one fire characteristic variable exceeds a first, respectively predetermined limit value as an indicator of a possible fire event, the measured value is (intermediately) stored in a data memory of the corresponding fire alarm. Background Art

[0002] “Raw measured values” are unprocessed measured values, which are converted by an analog / digital converter from an analog fire characteristic variable detected by measurement technology into a digital measured value. Therefore, the raw measured values ​​can also be referred to as raw data.

[0003] Fire characteristic parameters are, in particular, smoke density, temperature and carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) of the fire gas concentration. Smoke density is usually detected by means of an optical photoelectric sensor, such as by means of a photodiode. The photoelectric sensor is typically arranged as a light emitter (LED) in a scattered light arrangement and provides a corresponding optical scattered light signal on the output side. The photoelectric sensor can alternatively be arranged as a light emitter (LED) in a transmitted light arrangement. The photoelectric sensor provides a corresponding optical extinction signal on the output side here. Two optical scattered light signals can also be detected, such as in a first wavelength range of 850nm to 960nm (infrared) and in a second wavelength range of 380nm to 490nm (blue or ultraviolet). Alternatively or additionally, two optical scattered light signals can also be detected at different scattering angles, such as at forward and backward scattering angles.

[0004] The temperature is usually detected by means of a temperature sensor, preferably by means of one or more NTCs. The temperature sensor provides a corresponding (analog) temperature signal on the output side.

[0005] Fire gases, especially carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration by means of CO or CO 2 The sensor is detected and on the output side as CO or CO 2 Concentration values ​​or as CO or CO 2 The concentration level is output. The CO concentration is typically detected by means of an electrolytic gas sensor. Alternatively, a semiconductor sensor such as a so-called GASFET may be used.

[0006] Significant signal fluctuations or signal changes may hereby indicate an actual impending fire, a false alarm, as well as conditions that indicate only slight deviations from "normal conditions". Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention relates to a fire alarm, in particular a smoke detector. The fire alarm comprises at least one fire sensor for detecting corresponding fire characteristic parameters, a data memory and a (first) control unit connected thereto. The latter is configured to detect the measured value of at least one corresponding fire characteristic parameter and output a fire alarm in the case of a detected fire. The control unit is additionally configured to intermediately store the continuously detected measured value of at least one corresponding fire characteristic parameter in the data memory if at least one corresponding measured value of at least one fire characteristic parameter exceeds a respectively predetermined first limit value. The fire sensor may have an optical fire sensor, in particular an optical measuring chamber according to the scattered light principle. Alternatively or additionally, the fire sensor may have a temperature sensor, in particular an NTC. Further alternatively or additionally, the fire sensor may have a CO and / or CO 2 Gas sensor.

[0008] Finally, the invention relates to a suitable fire alarm centre and a suitable fire alarm installation.

[0009] Such a method and a fire alarm are known, for example, from US 2015 / 084765 A1, US 2015 / 097687 A1 or US 2017 / 257826 A1. Previously known fire alarms are connected to one another in a wireless network.

[0010] The fire alarm disclosed in US2015 / 084765A1 and connected to a superordinate home network manager can in this case have an event data recorder in the sense of a fireproof flight data recorder. Such an event data recorder is designed and / or constructed to withstand a fire. For example, even if the fire alarm has been damaged in different ways during a fire event, the data stored in the event data recorder and / or the information from the event data recorder can then be recovered.

[0011] The fire alarm disclosed in US 2015 / 097687 A1 and US 2017 / 257826 A1 is connected to a central server or a cloud computing system or to a basic unit.

[0012] In this case, the data transmission rate for transmitting the measured values ​​from the wireless fire alarm to a server or a cloud computing system is usually not a problem, in order to evaluate the detected measured values ​​in the cloud, for example.

[0013] Unlike the aforementioned wireless fire alarms, the data transmission rate in safety-related wired fire alarm installations is extremely limited. This applies in particular to fire alarm installations that include a fire alarm center, which has one or more detector lines connected to it, each of which has a large number of fire alarms, manual fire alarms and optical and / or acoustic alarm devices. In addition, each user connected to the detector line must be powered via the fire alarm center.

[0014] For safety reasons, such detector lines are usually connected to the fire alarm control center as a so-called detector loop with a series of isolators connected in between. The latter is for the following reasons: In the event of a fault, such as an interruption, short circuit or ground fault, the subscribers can be supplied with power "from the other side" and reach the subscribers in terms of data technology. In order to be able to operate 250 subscribers at low voltage on a "loop" with a length of 2500 m and a line resistance of 75-180 ohms, the subscribers can have a current consumption of only <1 mA for providing the detector function and for communication.

[0015] In contrast, a DSL connection is a purely point-to-point connection. For DSL or other broadband methods, the higher the frequency, the more powerful the electrical driver needs to be in order to modulate the transmission signal onto the DSL cable.

[0016] For energy and cost reasons, data transmission in such fire alarm systems takes place in baseband. Line attenuation, which acts like an RC low-pass filter, disadvantageously limits the possible data or symbol rate with a maximum extension of the detector line of up to 3300 meters and reflections due to branch lines, as well as the required functional acquisition by means of isolators in the event of line faults on the detector line. The large number of users on the detector line, which usually still closes the isolating elements in the line due to short-circuit limitations, leads to a large number of impedance changes.

[0017] It is often possible to use cables with unknown electrical properties that are already from the previous fire alarm installation in the building as detector lines. Therefore, the technical requirements are usually that the fire alarm installation must be able to handle any detector lines in the sense of "running on any wire", i.e. with or without shielding and with or without twisting. Only the conductor cross-section of the individual cores of the detector line must be in the range of 0.25–1.5 mm 2 In the range between.

[0018] There are some approaches to establish a more uniform line impedance in each subscriber by means of adaptive terminal elements. However, in the event of a line fault, such as an interruption, a ground fault or a short circuit, this results in the topology of the detector line changing in an unpredictable manner. The adaptation time required after such a fault is too long before the detector line and thus the fire alarm system function reliably and ready for use again according to the specifications.

[0019] In contrast, in the case of DSL connections, a longer "training phase" is required in order to equalize or adjust the line sections.

[0020] For these reasons and due to the fact that approximately 75% of the available transmission time is required for supplying energy to the connected users, only a data transmission rate of a maximum of 1000 bit / s is available for both transmission directions as determined by the system.

[0021] Today's wired fire alarms make the overall decision "fire - no fire" based on an algorithm implemented in the fire alarm itself. In the case of almost all fire alarm systems, only the value "fire - no fire" is transmitted to the fire alarm center. In some cases - for example in the case of the applicant's fire alarm installation FS20 - intermediate values ​​in the form of danger levels (DL 0, DL 1, DL 2 and DL3) are also transmitted.

[0022] The reason for this is the previously mentioned greatly restricted transmission bandwidth or low data transmission rate. Another reason is that due to the very low electrical power available for fire alarms, not enough "computing power" is available to allow other computationally intensive evaluations to be carried out within the required alarm time in addition to the relatively power-intensive measurement-technical fire detection.

[0023] Overall, therefore, it is not possible to carry out an “online” data transmission of a large number of fire alarms to a fire alarm center in order to transmit the corresponding measured values ​​from the fire alarms to the fire alarm center, in particular in a multi-channel manner.

[0024] It is therefore an object of the present invention to specify a suitable method for recording measured values, in particular raw measured values, and for further processing them in a wired fire alarm system.

[0025] A further object of the invention is to specify an improved fire alarm of the type mentioned in the introduction for operation in a wired fire alarm system.

[0026] Finally, it is an object of the invention to specify a suitable fire alarm center and a suitable fire alarm installation.

[0027] This object is achieved with respect to the method by the features of the independent method claim. Advantageous method variants are described in the dependent claims.

[0028] According to the invention, measured values ​​for at least one important fire characteristic variable are recorded, which indicates a possible fire event and is detected by a fire alarm. In this case, the fire alarm center is connected to the fire alarm together with a large number of such fire alarms via a common detector line for supplying the fire alarms with electrical energy and for data transmission. In other words, the fire alarm center is not connected to the fire alarms wirelessly.

[0029] The large number of users operating on a common detector line, ie fire alarms, other warning devices such as warning strobes, as well as I / O units, manual fire alarms and isolators, is at least 10, in particular at least 25 and preferably at least 50.

[0030] Furthermore, if the current measured value of at least one fire characteristic variable exceeds a first, respectively predetermined limit value as an indicator of a possible fire event, the measured value is temporarily stored as a record in the data memory of the corresponding fire alarm. After the record has been made, the event data record is formed from the corresponding measured value together with the header data.

[0031] Finally, the event data record is transmitted from the corresponding fire alarms to the fire alarm center in a time-distributed manner and over a plurality of data transmission blocks released by the fire alarm center, in particular in a secondary manner.

[0032] A particular advantage here is that the corresponding event data records transmitted to the fire alarm center can be further processed later in a computer system, for example based on a Linux, Windows or iOS operating system, for data analysis. For example, such a file can have the file extension .REC. The transmitted event data records can be stored, for example, in a data memory of the fire alarm center, in particular in a database of the fire alarm center, and then read out via a connected computer system. Alternatively or additionally, the event data records transmitted to the fire alarm center can be transmitted to the "cloud" via a data connection, in particular via an Internet connection. "Cloud" means that the result data records are transmitted to a cloud infrastructure, in particular to a database of the cloud infrastructure. The user can then access this database with the help of an Internet-enabled computer system.

[0033] The event data record is in particular a container file which, as a data structure, contains a plurality of records of measured values ​​in the sense of a measured value data stream. These contained records of the measured values ​​are preferably restricted to a defined format. The multi-channel records together form a logical whole which is summarized in a "container".

[0034] The memory in the fire alarm for storing the measured values ​​can be an internal read-only memory such as FRAM, EEPROM or flash memory. In the case of larger data volumes, the memory can also be an SSD (SSD stands for Solid-State-Disk).

[0035] According to a method variant, the average data transmission rate between the fire alarm and the fire alarm center is in particular a multiple of the average storage data rate for storing the event data records in the respective fire alarm. "Multiple" means that the average data transmission rate between the fire alarm and the fire alarm center is in the range of 1 / 100 to 1 / 2, in particular 1 / 25 to 1 / 5 of the average storage data rate for storing the event data records. In other words, the storage data rate required for storing the data content of the event data records is so high that the measured value data stream accumulated in the fire alarm cannot be transmitted "online" to the fire alarm center at all.

[0036] Thus, the measured value of the smoke density to be detected typically has a bit width in the range of 10 bits to 16 bits. Thus, in the case of a 16-bit resolution, the detected measured value includes a range of values ​​of 2 to the 16th power = 65536. Thus, the measured value can take a value of 0 to 65535 "counts" as the output value of the A / D converter. The sampling rate for detecting the measured value from the optical scattered light signal originating from the photoelectric sensor is preferably in the range of 1 Hz to 4 Hz.

[0037] The measured value of the temperature to be detected in the environment of the fire alarm typically has a bit width in the range of 8 to 14 bits. In the case of a 14-bit resolution, the detected measured value includes a value range of 2 to the 14th power = 16384. Therefore, the measured value can have a value of 0 to 16383 counts. The sampling rate for detecting the measured value from the analog temperature signal originating from the NTC as temperature sensor is preferably in the range of 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz.

[0038] The measured value of the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) to be detected typically has a bit width in the range of 8 to 10 bits. The sampling rate for detecting the measured value from the CO concentration originating from the CO gas sensor is preferably in the range of 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz.

[0039] If, for example, two optical scattered light signals with 14-bit resolution, a temperature signal with 10-bit resolution and a CO measurement signal with 10-bit resolution are recorded at a sampling rate of 1 Hz in a fire alarm, the average data transmission rate for storing the corresponding digital measured values ​​is = 2x14 bits + 10 bits + 10 bits = 48 bits per second = 48 Bit / s.

[0040] In the fire alarm system used by the applicant, the duration for the transmission frame is 250 ms. If, for example, 200 fire alarms or other alarm devices are operated on a common detector line, the duration of the cycle is 200×250 ms=50 seconds. Therefore, the data transmission blocks assigned to the fire alarms for data transmission between the fire alarms and the fire alarm center are only available to the fire alarms every 50 seconds, especially if such data transmission blocks can be released by such a fire alarm center due to other, possibly prioritized data traffic. If such a data transmission block provides, for example, 32 bits every 50 seconds, this corresponds to an average data transmission rate of 32 bits ÷ 50 seconds = 0.64 bits / s. Therefore, it is absolutely impossible to transmit the measured values ​​detected, here by way of example, four channels, from the fire alarms to the fire alarm center in real time. This does not apply in particular if the number of users, such as fire alarms, other alarm devices, such as warning flashing lights, as well as I / O units, manual fire alarms and isolators, operated on the common detector line is at least 10, in particular at least 25 and preferably at least 50.

[0041] The object of the present invention is not to improve the decision "fire - no fire" by transmitting measured values ​​or raw data to the cloud in real time and automatically evaluating them with the aid of more demanding algorithms with higher computing resources in order to output a fire alarm if necessary. This is not possible in the case of a wired fire alarm system with a large number of fire alarms connected thereto due to the limited transmission bandwidth.

[0042] For this purpose, the event data detected due to exceeding the limits of fire characteristic variables as an indicator of a possible fire event in the fire alarm are recorded in the background, i.e. transmitted to the fire alarm center in a secondary and partial manner and collected there in a database. If the database is stored in the so-called "cloud", for example, it is possible to obtain detailed knowledge about the origin of the fire, the development of the fire and about the differentiation of interfering variables such as dust and water vapor using the computing power available there and the cost-effective analysis tools based on artificial intelligence and deep learning available there. This knowledge can in turn be used advantageously on-site to improve the fire detection algorithms in the fire alarm.

[0043] According to an advantageous method variant, the header data include file organization data and / or a detector identification and / or an entry time as data fields. Alternatively or additionally, the header data may include an entry format or a detector type as data fields. Further alternatively or additionally, the header data may include detector-side additional information about a detector event as a data field. A detector event may be an alarm level, a fire alarm or a pre-alarm independently generated by the corresponding fire alarm.

[0044] Header data, which can also be referred to as "header", structures the recorded data to be transmitted in the corresponding event data record. In this case, the file organization data can include the storage size or file size of the event data record. In addition, the file organization data can include a table in the sense of a "FAT" (FAT stands for File Allocation Table), which references the successive data blocks of the event data record to be transmitted in a distributed manner in time.

[0045] The header data may also include a detector identification, such as a so-called detector ID, the current bus address or the serial number of the fire alarm. This allows the recorded event data record to be uniquely assigned to a fire alarm on the detector line.

[0046] The recorded time may, for example, include the start time, the end time and / or the duration of the event data record in the sense of a timestamp. The start time may, for example, come from a real-time clock integrated in the fire alarm and in particular include the date of the recorded event data record and the current time. Alternatively, the start time may be determined from real-time, preferably regularly transmitted by the fire alarm center via the detector line, which real-time is synchronized with the detector's internal clock, for example in the form of a counter. Alternatively, the start time may also be a relative time relative to a reference time. For example, the reference time may be related to a predetermined date and a predetermined time, such as January 1, 2020 / 00:00 or to the date and time when the fire alarm was put into operation.

[0047] The logging format can, for example, have the number of logged measured value data streams, such as 3 in the case of logged smoke density, temperature and CO concentration. The logging format can further include the sampling rate and / or the measured value range of the respective logged measured value data stream. Alternatively or additionally, a logging format with corresponding logging parameters such as the number of measured value data streams, sampling rate etc. can already be assigned to the detector type, which the fire alarm center receiving the respective event data record can then evaluate based on.

[0048] Alternatively or additionally, the header data of the event data record may also include detector-side additional information about the detector event. Such a detector event may be, for example, an alarm level independently generated by a fire alarm, such as a fire alarm or a so-called pre-alarm.

[0049] By enriching the recorded event data record with its recorded point in time (date and time), with the detector identification or with the bus address of the fire alarm and with the presence of a fire alarm or pre-alarm detected by the fire alarm, it is advantageously possible later to accurately analyze whether it is an actual fire or fire alarm or a false alarm, which occurs simultaneously in time with other event data records received from other fire alarms, if necessary.

[0050] “Occurring simultaneously in time” means that the fire alarm output by the fire alarm and other fire alarms adjacent to the triggering fire location and manually triggered manual fire alarms have occurred within 10 minutes, especially within 5 minutes.

[0051] According to another method variant, the data transmission between the fire alarm and the fire alarm center is carried out in a cyclical manner using sequentially successive transmission frames for each fire alarm. In each transmission frame, a data transmission block is provided which can be released by the fire alarm center for data transmission from the corresponding fire alarm to the fire alarm center. In this case, the data transmission block contains, in particular, only a data quantity in the range of 8 to 96 bits.

[0052] The duration of the cycle depends essentially on the number of fire alarms and, if necessary, other manual alarm detectors and optical and acoustic alarm devices operated on the detector line. In the fire alarm system used by the applicant, the duration for the transmission frame is 250 ms. If, for example, 200 of the aforementioned detectors and alarm devices are operated on a common detector line, the duration of the cycle is 200 x 250 ms = 50 seconds.

[0053] "Data transmission blocks that can be released by the fire alarm center in a transmission frame" means that, based on a targeted inquiry by the corresponding fire alarm, the connected fire alarm center is invited to provide a transmission time for the data transmission block in this transmission frame or, if possible, from a subsequent transmission frame, i.e., assuming that the requested transmission time is not currently required by other more important transmission services and services in the fire alarm system. For example, a targeted inquiry can be made from a fire alarm to a fire alarm center after a complete recording of the event data record by the corresponding fire alarm.

[0054] In order to accelerate the transmission of the terminated complete event data record, the targeted inquiry for providing a data transmission block within a transmission frame assigned to the corresponding fire alarm for each cycle can include a request for providing further data transmission blocks in further transmission frames for each cycle, such as a request for providing two to ten data transmission blocks for each cycle.

[0055] According to another method variant, the maximum data transmission rate is 10 kbit / s, in particular 2 kbit / s, preferably 1 kbit / s. As described at the outset, this relatively low data transmission rate is due to the uncertain state of the installed detector electrical lines with a large number of detectors and alarm devices that can be connected thereto, while at the same time providing the lowest possible electrical supply power. The data transmission rate mentioned is in particular the net data transmission rate. Typically, up to 75% of the available transmission time is used (only) for energy generation in order to supply power to the connected fire alarms and alarm devices.

[0056] According to another method variant, if one of the first limit values ​​which is respectively predefined is exceeded, the measured value of the at least one fire characteristic variable is detected with a higher sampling rate and stored in the memory of the corresponding fire alarm. This makes it possible to advantageously detect a possible fire event with a higher time resolution and to analyze it in more detail later. For example, the measured values ​​can be detected with double or quadruple the time resolution, such as with a sampling frequency of 1 Hz or 2 Hz for the case where the measured values ​​are sampled with a sampling frequency of 0.5 Hz in normal operation of the fire alarm.

[0057] According to another method variant, the corresponding event data record received by the fire alarm center, in particular its header data, is extended by at least one central-side additional information which is detected by the fire alarm center and can be assigned to the corresponding event data record in terms of time. The central-side additional information here comprises the system time of the fire alarm center and / or a fire alarm detected at the center and / or an alarm level detected at the center and / or a manual fire alarm alarm and / or a user-side input about the presence of an actual fire or a false alarm. The event data record extended in this way is stored in a database of the fire alarm center or in a database of a cloud infrastructure connected to the fire alarm center in terms of data technology for further possible, if necessary partially automated, evaluation of the extended event data record by the user with regard to the presence of an actual fire.

[0058] The system time can come from a real-time clock of a fire alarm center. Alternatively, the system time can come from a real-time clock accessible in data technology. For example, the latter can be synchronized with an atomic clock via an active Internet connection.

[0059] It is of particular interest here if the fire alarm center receives other fire alarms from fire alarms or manual fire alarms that are spatially close to one another, in particular by evaluating their recording times (start times) approximately at the same time via a detector line. Here it can then be assumed with a high probability that this is an actual fire alarm and not a false alarm. If the fire alarm center receives event data records from adjacent fire alarms, in particular from a detector line, at approximately the same recording times, it can be assumed that this is an actual fire event. "Simultaneous in time" here means that the recording times of the individual event data records are within a time window of 10 minutes, in particular 5 minutes, and preferably within 3 minutes.

[0060] If the presence of an actual fire or a false alarm has been confirmed manually at the fire alarm center, this user-side input is particularly convincing and valuable as additional information at the center during the subsequent analysis of the event data record.

[0061] According to another advantageous method variant,

[0062] - if a predefined recording duration, for example in the range of 30 seconds to 15 minutes, is reached for the respective event data recording, or

[0063] - if the free storage capacity of the data memory is exhausted, or

[0064] - if a fire alarm or alarm level is generated by the corresponding fire alarm, or

[0065] if a respectively predefined second limit value is exceeded, which is greater than the respectively assigned first limit value, or

[0066] - if the respectively predefined first limit value is not exceeded again, or

[0067] - if a stop command is received by the corresponding fire alarm from the common detector line for ending the continuous detection,

[0068] The continuous detection of the measured value of the at least one fire characteristic variable in the corresponding fire alarm is then terminated.

[0069] If a predetermined second limit value is exceeded, it can be assumed that an actual fire event is involved. A detected fire characteristic variable having such a high measured value then no longer has any additional information worth mentioning in a later analysis.

[0070] According to another method variant, the corresponding constructed event data records are first stored sequentially for buffering in a buffer memory organized in the data memory of the corresponding fire alarm. The event data records stored in the buffer memory of the corresponding fire alarm are then transmitted sequentially from the corresponding fire alarm to the fire alarm center in the released transmission time blocks. This allows possible fire events or other fire developments that are closely followed in time, such as a re-ignition of a fire after a false extinguishing, to be stored even if previously recorded event data records have not yet been completely transmitted to the fire alarm center.

[0071] According to other method variants, after storing the event data record in the buffer memory of the corresponding fire alarm, the measured values ​​are again continuously detected and stored if at least one corresponding measured value again exceeds a respectively predefined first limit value as an indicator of a possible fire event.

[0072] According to another method variant, the measured value of at least one fire characteristic variable is continuously detected by the corresponding fire alarm and stored in a ring buffer organized in the data memory of the corresponding fire alarm with a predeterminable cycle duration. If at least one corresponding measured value of at least one fire characteristic variable exceeds a respectively predetermined first limit value as an indicator of a possible fire event, the measured value stored in the ring buffer is saved as a historical measured value, i.e. as a temporally preceding measured value in the data memory of the corresponding fire alarm. In addition, the measured value of at least one fire characteristic variable is further continuously, in particular further continuously seamlessly, detected and stored by the corresponding fire alarm. Finally, the corresponding event data record is then formed by the stored historical measured values, the further continuously detected measured values ​​stored in the ring buffer, and the header data.

[0073] A great advantage is associated with this, namely that the time period before the triggering fire event or the false alarm is also available as history, so to speak, for later measurement analysis. In this case, the ring buffer can be designed so that the detected measured values ​​in the past time period in the range of 30 seconds to 15 minutes can be stored there. In this case, the oldest measured values ​​are again overwritten by the currently detected measured values.

[0074] According to another method variant, the measured values ​​of at least one fire characteristic variable are advantageously reduced in their data size by means of a lossless data reduction method or by means of a slightly lossy data reduction method. "Slightly" means that the data-reduced measured values ​​differ in their values ​​from the actual measured values ​​by a maximum of 5%, in particular by a maximum of 3%.

[0075] In the case of lossless data reduction methods, entropy coding is preferably considered, such as entropy coding or arithmetic coding by means of Huffman codes. For example, in the case of lossy data reduction methods, a reduction in resolution is considered when detecting one of the fire characteristic parameters. In this case, the number of bits used to represent the measured value is reduced, for example from 12 bits to 10 bits or from 10 bits to 8 bits. Alternatively or additionally, the sampling rate when detecting one of the fire characteristic parameters can be reduced, for example from 2 Hz to 1 Hz, from 1 Hz to 0.5 Hz or from 1 Hz to 0.1 Hz.

[0076] This object is achieved for the fire alarm by the features of the independent device claim. Advantageous embodiments of the fire alarm are described in the dependent claims.

[0077] In order to avoid repetition, for the fire alarm described below and for the corresponding subsequent embodiments of the fire alarm, reference is made to the explanations and additions in the corresponding previous method variants. These also apply to the disclosure of the fire alarm and its embodiments described below in terms of their disclosure content.

[0078] According to the invention, the fire alarm is designed to operate on a common detector line with a fire alarm center for supplying the fire alarm with electrical energy, for outputting a fire alarm in the event of a detected fire, and for data transmission with the fire alarm center. The control unit is designed to form an event data record from the measured values ​​recorded in the data memory of the fire alarm together with the header data. The control unit is further designed to transmit the event data record to the fire alarm center in a time-distributed manner, in particular in a secondary manner, via data transmission blocks released by the fire alarm center.

[0079] In particular, the control unit of the fire alarm is configured to output a request for providing a data transmission block in the transmission frame assigned to the respective fire alarm for each cycle to the connected detector line, i.e. to the fire alarm center, after the event data has been recorded in the data memory of the fire alarm. In addition, the control unit can be configured to output, together with the request, a request for providing further data transmission blocks in the remaining further transmission frames for each cycle to the connected detector line, i.e. to the fire alarm center, such as a request for providing two to ten data transmission blocks for each cycle.

[0080] The (electronic) control unit is preferably a microcontroller, which is usually "naturally" present or required for the overall control of the fire alarm. The microcontroller can also have one or more integrated A / D converters for measuring the aforementioned fire characteristic variables, such as smoke density, temperature or CO or CO 2concentration. The microcontroller can also have analog and / or digital input and output units (I / O) and a communication interface for outputting a fire alarm. In the microcontroller, the first and second limit values ​​of the corresponding fire characteristic variable can be stored in a non-volatile memory (EPROM) of the microcontroller or in a data memory of the detector. In addition, electronic components such as a control unit for a light emitter (LED) and / or for signal preparation or signal processing of the previously mentioned fire characteristic variables can already be integrated in the microcontroller.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the fire alarm is designed to store the corresponding event data records in its data memory at an average storage data rate DRM, wherein the average data transmission rate DRZ between the fire alarm and the fire alarm center is in particular a multiple of the average storage data rate DRM. In other words, the storage data rate required for storing the event data records is so high that an "online" transmission of the measured value data stream accumulated in the fire alarm to the fire alarm center is not possible at all.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the fire alarm, the header data includes file organization data and / or detector identification and / or recording time. Alternatively or additionally, the header data may have a recording format or a recording type. If necessary, the header data may include detector-side additional information about detector events, wherein a detector event is an alarm level, a fire alarm or a pre-alarm independently generated by the corresponding fire alarm.

[0083] According to another embodiment, the control unit is configured to transmit the event data record to the fire alarm center over a plurality of data transmission blocks distributed in time and allocated to the fire alarm in time and released by the fire alarm center. Here, the data transmission block in particular includes a data amount in the range of 8 to 96 bits.

[0084] According to one specific embodiment, the control unit is designed to detect the measured value of the at least one fire characteristic variable at a higher sampling rate, in particular at a double or quadruple sampling rate, after one of the respectively predefined first limit values ​​has been exceeded.

[0085] According to another embodiment, the control unit is configured to

[0086] - if a predefined recording duration has been reached for the event data recording, or

[0087] - if the free storage capacity of the data memory is exhausted, or

[0088] - if a fire alarm or alarm level is generated by the control unit, or

[0089] if a respectively predefined second limit value is exceeded, which is greater than the respectively assigned first limit value, or

[0090] - if the respectively predefined first limit value is not exceeded again, or

[0091] - if a stop command for ending the continuous detection is received by the control unit from the common detector line,

[0092] The continuous detection of the measured value of the at least one fire characteristic variable in the fire alarm is then terminated.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the fire alarm has a buffer memory organized in a data memory of the fire alarm. The control unit is designed to firstly temporarily store the respectively formed event data records in sequence in the buffer memory for buffering. The control unit is further designed to then transmit the temporarily stored event data records again in sequence to the fire alarm control center in released data transmission blocks.

[0094] According to another embodiment, the fire alarm has a ring buffer with a predeterminable cycle duration organized in a data memory of the fire alarm. The control unit is designed to continuously detect measured values ​​of at least one fire characteristic variable and store them in the ring buffer, and to save the measured values ​​stored in the ring buffer as historical measured values, i.e. as temporally preceding measured values, if the currently detected measured value of at least one fire characteristic variable exceeds a respectively predetermined first limit value. In addition, the control unit is designed to further continuously, in particular seamlessly, detect measured values ​​of at least one fire characteristic variable and then store them. Finally, the control unit is designed to form an event data record from the stored historical measured values, further continuously detected and stored measured values, and header data.

[0095] According to one specific embodiment, the control unit of the fire alarm is designed to reduce the data size of the stored measured values ​​of the at least one fire characteristic variable by means of a computer program executed on the control unit for performing a lossless or slightly lossy data reduction method.

[0096] The object of the invention is also achieved by a fire alarm control center having the features of the associated device claim. Advantageous embodiments of the fire alarm control center are described in the dependent claims.

[0097] According to the invention, a fire alarm center is set up for operation at a common detector line, which has a plurality of fire alarms according to the invention and, if necessary, further fire alarms, alarm devices and / or manual fire alarms. The fire alarm center comprises a (second) control unit, which is set up or programmed to receive event data records from the corresponding fire alarms via the detector line in a plurality of temporally distributed data transmission blocks and to combine the corresponding event data records piece by piece or step by step into corresponding event data records by evaluating their header data, in particular by evaluating their file organization data, and to store them in a database. Such a fire alarm center can also be referred to as a center or panel. The control unit of the fire alarm center is preferably a processor-assisted electronic control unit, on which a suitable software program is executed.

[0098] "Data transmission blocks releasable by the fire alarm center in a transmission frame" means that, in response to a targeted inquiry invitation from the corresponding fire alarm, the connected fire alarm center is invited to provide transmission time for the data transmission block in this transmission frame or in a subsequent transmission frame (if possible), i.e., assuming that the requested transmission time is not currently required by other more important transmission services and services in the fire alarm system.

[0099] In particular, the control unit of the fire alarm control center is designed to, after receiving a request for providing a data transmission block for each cycle in a transmission frame assigned to the corresponding fire alarm, release transmission time for a data transmission block in this transmission frame or, if possible, from a subsequent transmission frame.

[0100] Furthermore, the control unit of the fire alarm control center can be designed to release further transmission times in data transmission blocks in further remaining transmission frames (if possible) after receiving a request together with a request to provide further data transmission blocks in further remaining transmission frames per cycle.

[0101] According to one embodiment, the control unit of the fire alarm center is set up or programmed to extend the corresponding combined event data record, in particular its header data, with at least one central-side additional information detected by the fire alarm center and temporally assignable to the corresponding event data record and to store it in a database as an extended event data record. The central-side additional information includes the system time of the fire alarm center and / or a fire alarm detected at the center and / or an alarm level detected at the center and / or a manual fire alarm alarm and / or a user-side input regarding the presence of an actual fire or a false alarm.

[0102] In order to avoid repetitions, for the fire alarm center according to the invention and for its embodiments, reference is made to the explanations and supplements in the corresponding preceding method variants and in the device claims for the fire alarm, to which the fire alarm center under consideration is referred. These also apply in their disclosure to the disclosure of the preceding embodiments.

[0103] According to one embodiment, the control unit of the fire alarm control center is set up or programmed to store the corresponding event data record or the corresponding extended event data record in a database of the fire alarm control center.

[0104] According to another embodiment of the fire alarm center, the control unit of the fire alarm center is configured to store the corresponding event data records or the corresponding extended event data records in a database of a cloud infrastructure that is data-connected to the fire alarm center. The event data records stored there can thus be further processed by means of complex and computationally intensive cloud-based analysis tools, separately from the actual monitoring functions of the fire alarm center. For this purpose, the fire alarm center can be data-connected to the cloud infrastructure via a wired connection (e.g. LAN) or via a wireless Internet interface (e.g. 3G, 4G, 5G, WLAN).

[0105] Finally, the task of the present invention is solved by a fire alarm facility, which includes a fire alarm center according to the present invention, at least one detector line connected to the fire alarm center, and the detector line has a large number of fire alarms according to the present invention connected thereto, and other fire alarms, alarm devices and / or manual fire alarms connected thereto when necessary. The fire alarm facility can have a detector line, which is typically constructed as a two-wire line. Such a detector line can be several hundred meters to several thousand meters long, such as in the range of 100m to 3300m. In addition, such a detector line can have multiple branches. Here, along such a detector line, up to 250 fire alarms, optical and acoustic alarm devices, and manual fire alarms can be connected in total. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0106] The above-mentioned characteristics, features and advantages of the present invention and the manner in which these characteristics, features and advantages are achieved become clearer and more clearly understandable in conjunction with the following description of an embodiment, which is explained in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In this case, a schematic diagram:

[0107] Figures 1 to 3 shows an exemplary course of various fire characteristic variables in the event of an occurring fire event,

[0108] Figure 4An example of event data recording for distributed transmission from a fire alarm to a higher-level fire alarm center according to the present invention is shown,

[0109] Figure 5 shows an exemplary data structure of an event data record according to the present invention,

[0110] Figure 6 shows an exemplary data structure of an extended event data record according to the present invention, and

[0111] Figure 7 An example of a cloud infrastructure is shown, which is in data technology connection with a fire alarm center and with a computer (tablet) for subsequent user-side evaluation of event data records. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0112] Figure 1 An exemplary course of the various fire characteristic variables OPT, TEMP, CO, i.e., smoke density OPT, temperature TEMP and CO concentration, is shown in the case of an occurring fire event. The associated measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are plotted in the form of "counts" over the time point t. The first limit values ​​of the measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are denoted by OG, TG, CG, and the second limit values ​​are denoted by OG2, TG2 and CG2. It can be seen how the smoke density OPT, the temperature TEMP and the CO concentration CO increase over the course of the time course. At the time point t 1 In the example above, one of the fire characteristic variables, here the smoke density OPT, first exceeds its corresponding first limit value OG. 1 According to the invention, the associated measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are indicated here by way of example for all three "measurement channels" shown. 11 and t 12 In the case of the same count value, the temperature TEMP and the CO concentration CO exceed their respective first limit values ​​TG, CG. 1 Furthermore, according to the invention, the recording of the measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO is ended after expiration of a predetermined time period T.

[0113] Figure 2 Another exemplary course of smoke density OPT, temperature TEMP and CO concentration CO in the case of an occurring fire event is shown. In this case, according to the invention, when at time t 2 After the measured value MO exceeds the second limit value OG2, the recording of the measured values ​​MO, MT, and MCO is terminated.

[0114] Figure 3A further exemplary course of the smoke density OPT, the temperature TEMP and the CO concentration CO in the event of a fire event is shown. In this case, the associated measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are continuously recorded in the ring buffer with a cycle time UZ. 1 In the example of FIG. 1 , one of the characteristic fire variables, here again the smoke density OPT, first exceeds its corresponding first limit value OG. According to the invention, the measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO already recorded in the ring buffer are temporarily stored and thus saved as historical measured values ​​HIST, and the associated measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are further recorded continuously seamlessly, i.e. without interruption. At time t 2 According to the invention, after a duration T, after receiving a fire alarm DL3 detected by a fire alarm, the recording of the measured values ​​MOP, MT, MCO ends. According to the invention, the historical measured values ​​HIST previously stored from the ring buffer and the measured values ​​RAW; MOP, MT, MCO subsequently detected further with a duration T now form an event data record together with the previous header data.

[0115] Figure 4 An example of a distributed transmission of event data records REC1-RECn from a fire alarm 2 to a superordinate fire alarm center 1 according to the present invention is shown. Figure 4 The fire alarms 2 shown in the left part of each have an electronic data memory DS. The first part of the data memory DS is a RAM memory RAM organized as a ring buffer memory RING. According to the invention, this first part is used to store measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO of possible later event data records REC in terms of data technology.

[0116] The second part of the data memory DS is shown next to it in the form of a non-volatile flash memory FLASH. According to another aspect of the invention, the second part is used as a buffer memory BUF, in particular as a FIFO buffer memory ("FIFO" stands for First In-First Out). Subsequently, the event data records REC completed in the first data memory RAM from the measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are transferred to the buffer memory BUF and stored intermediately there. According to the invention, the event data records REC1-RECn in the buffer memory BUF are then transmitted in a time-distributed manner, in particular in a secondary manner, via a common detector line ML by means of a control unit (not shown further) of the fire alarm 2. Figure 4In the middle part of the fire alarm center 1 shown. According to another aspect of the invention, the average data transmission rate between the fire alarm 2 and the fire alarm center 1 is in particular a multiple of the average storage data rate for storing the event data records REC in the data memory DS, RAM.

[0117] exist Figure 4 The fire alarm center 1 shown in the middle part of the diagram has a control unit (not shown in further detail) which is set up or programmed to receive event data records REC1-RECn from the corresponding fire alarms 2 in a plurality of time-distributed data transmission blocks. Furthermore, the control unit is set up or programmed to then combine the corresponding event data records REC1-RECn piece by piece into corresponding event data records REC1-RECn by evaluating their header data, in particular by evaluating their file organization data, and store them in a database DB. According to the present example, the database DB can be stored either in the fire alarm center 1 itself or in a cloud infrastructure CLOUD which is connected to the fire alarm center 1 in terms of data technology. Furthermore, the fire alarm center 1 can already be set up to expand the respectively received event data records REC1-RECn by central-side information, such as by the system time ZTIME of the fire alarm center 1, by a user-side input Y / N via two confirmation buttons NO, YES at the fire alarm center 1, for example, or by a manual fire alarm MCP received simultaneously in time from the manual fire alarm 3.

[0118] exist Figure 4 In the right part of the diagram, a cloud infrastructure CLOUD is shown symbolically by a cloud. In addition to the already described database DB with the received event data records REC or the extended event data records REC+, the cloud infrastructure also includes a cloud application CSA executed in the “cloud” CLOUD. The cloud application CSA is configured to analyze the received event data records REC, REC+ at least partially automatically, for example based on deep learning or artificial intelligence methods, in more detail in order to obtain improved statements about the occurrence of actual fires or false alarms.

[0119] Figure 5An exemplary data structure of an event data record REC according to the invention is shown. The event data record REC shown consists of a header data part HEADER (referred to as "Header" in the English technical language) and a measured value part MO, MT, MCO. The header data HEADER is used to structure the event data record REC shown. In particular, the file organization data FILE structures the respective start of the blocks which are recorded by way of example and which are consecutive in the measured value parts MO, MT, MCO, said blocks having a single measured value MOP of the smoke density OPT. 1 、MOP 2 , ..., MOP X , single measurement value MT with temperature TEMP 1 ,MT 2 ,...,MT X and a single measurement MCO with CO concentration 1 、MCO 2 、...、MCO X . The subsequent detector identification ID is used to unambiguously assign the recorded event data record REC to the fire alarm on the ML detector line ML. Next comes the recording time TIME of the event data record REC, which has the date and start time in the sense of a timestamp and the end time of the recording. Next comes other data about the recording format AF or about the detector type. The recording format AF includes, for example, the number of measurement channels or measurement value data streams with recorded measurement values, their type (scattered light signal, temperature signal, CO concentration signal) and the corresponding sampling rate and / or the measurement value range of the recorded measurement channels or measurement value data streams. Finally, as additional information on the detector side, follows the alarm level DL generated independently by the fire alarm, i.e. whether a fire alarm has been detected by the relevant fire alarm. In the simplest case, this is a bit in the header data HEADER.

[0120] Figure 6 An exemplary data structure of an extended event data record REC+ according to the present invention is shown. Figure 5In contrast, the initial header data HEADER in the event data record REC transmitted from the fire alarm to the fire alarm center is extended by central-side additional information ZI. This additional information ZI is extended or enriched by the fire alarm center itself after receiving the event data record REC. The additional information ZI comprises, for example, the current system time ZTIME of the fire alarm center, information about whether and which manual fire alarm on the common detector line has triggered the fire alarm MCP simultaneously in time with the received event data record REC. The additional information ZI further comprises the central-side detected fire alarms ZAL from other (automatic) fire alarms on the common detector line, likewise simultaneously in time with the received event data record REC. Finally, the additional information ZI comprises the user-side input Y / N by pressing a confirmation button at the fire alarm center itself: whether it is an actual fire alarm or a false alarm.

[0121] at last, Figure 7 An example of a cloud infrastructure CLOUD is shown, which is connected to a fire alarm center 1 and to a computer 3 (tablet) for subsequent user-side evaluation of event data records REC, REC+. A plurality of fire alarms 2 are connected to the fire alarm center 1, and manual fire alarms 3 are connected to a common detector line ML. The fire alarms 2 shown each have a fire sensor BS, which has, for example, an optical measuring chamber, a temperature sensor or a CO sensor. The measured values ​​recorded according to the invention can be stored in a corresponding data memory DS of the fire alarm 2. In this case, the fire alarm center 1 is set up to receive the preferably addressed fire alarms AL, pre-alarms DL or manual fire alarms MCP arriving from the detector line ML. In addition, the fire alarm center 1 is set up to receive the event data records REC transmitted in parts from the fire alarms 2 and, after termination of the transmission, store them in a database DB in the fire alarm center 1 and / or preferably via an Internet connection IP in a database DB of the cloud infrastructure CLOUD connected to the fire alarm center 1 in terms of data technology. The event data record REC stored in the corresponding database DB may also have been extended by the fire alarm center 1 with center-side additional information ZI concerning an extended event data record REC+.

[0122] exist Figure 7In the lower part of the figure, a computer-aided device 4, such as the tablet shown, is connected to the cloud infrastructure CLOUD via another Internet connection IP, in particular in a manner controlled by a correspondingly programmed cloud application CSA of the cloud infrastructure CLOUD. The cloud application CSA has data-technical write / read access to the event data record REC or extended event data record REC+ stored in the DB database in the cloud infrastructure CLOUD. The application APP is executed on the computer-aided device 4 shown, which enables the user to load the selected event data record REC or extended event data record REC+ and display it on the display HMI of the computer-aided device 4. In the simplest case, an experienced user can evaluate the event data record REC, REC+ displayed to him. For example, the user can make entries in other fields reserved in the header data HEADER regarding the following aspects: whether it is an actual fire alarm. In addition, other evaluations or annotations can be entered, for example, in the reserved comment field in the header data HEADER. After terminating the evaluation, the changed event data record REC or extended event data record REC+ can then be updated in the database DB.

[0123] In summary, the invention relates to a method for recording measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO for important fire characteristic variables OPT, TEMP, CO detected by a fire alarm 2, wherein if the measured values ​​exceed limit values ​​OG, TG, COG as a fire event indicator, the measured values ​​are temporarily stored as a record in a data memory DS of the fire alarm, wherein after the recording, a data structure in the form of an event data record REC is formed from it together with header data HEADER, and wherein the event data record is transmitted from the fire alarm to the fire alarm center in a time-distributed manner and over a plurality of data transmission blocks released by the fire alarm center 1 in a secondary manner. The invention also relates to a fire alarm, a fire alarm center and a fire alarm system.

[0124] Reference numerals list

[0125] 1 Fire alarm center, panel, BMZ

[0126] 2 Fire alarms, smoke detectors

[0127] 3 Manual fire alarm, MCP

[0128] 4 Computers, PCs, mobile communication terminals, smartphones, tablet computers

[0129] AF Recording Format

[0130] AL Fire alarm, master alarm

[0131] APP Application

[0132] BS fire sensors, optical fire sensors, smoke and gas sensors

[0133] BUF Buffer memory

[0134] CLOUD Cloud Infrastructure

[0135] CO CO concentration, fire characteristic parameters

[0136] CSA Cloud Service Application

[0137] DB database

[0138] DL Alert Level, Danger Level

[0139] DL3 Fire Alarm, Fire Alarm Level

[0140] DS Data storage, RAM, flash memory

[0141] FILE file organization data

[0142] FLASH Flash Memory

[0143] HEADER Header data, header

[0144] HEADER+ Extended header data, extended header

[0145] HIST Historical measurements

[0146] HMI human-machine interface, touch screen

[0147] ID Detector identification, detector type

[0148] IP communication connection, IP connection

[0149] MC fire gas concentration measurement value, CO concentration value

[0150] MOP 1 -MOP X Single measurement of smoke concentration

[0151] MT 1 -MT Y Single measurement of temperature

[0152] MCO 1 -MCO Z Single measurement of CO concentration

[0153] MCP Manual Fire Alarm

[0154] ML Detector Line, Detector Bus

[0155] MO smoke density measurement value

[0156] MT Temperature measurement value

[0157] NO input button / soft key for NO judgment

[0158] OG, TG, CG first limit value

[0159] OG2, TG2, CG2 Second limit value

[0160] OPT smoke density, fire characteristic parameters

[0161] RAM RAM memory

[0162] REC, event data record, data structure, container

[0163] REC1–RECn files

[0164] REC+ Extended event data record, data structure, extended container file

[0165] RING Ring Buffer

[0166] T Recording duration

[0167] t Timeline

[0168] t 0 ,t 1 ,t 2 Time

[0169] t 11 ,t 12

[0170] TEMP Temperature, temperature measurement signal, fire characteristic parameters

[0171] TIME records the time point

[0172] TYPE Detector type

[0173] UZ cycle duration

[0174] YES Input button / soft key for yes judgment

[0175] Y / N User-side input

[0176] ZAL center side fire alarm

[0177] ZI Center Side Additional Information

[0178] ZTIME Center-side time point, system time.

Claims

1. A method for recording measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO), in particular raw measured values, of at least one important fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO), which indicates a possible fire event and is detected by a fire alarm (2), wherein a fire alarm center (1) together with a plurality of such fire alarms (2) are connected to the fire alarms (2) via a common detector line (ML) for supplying the fire alarms (2) with energy and for data transmission, - if the current measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) exceeds a respectively predetermined first limit value (OG, TG, COG) as an indicator of a possible fire event, the measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) is temporarily stored as a record in a data memory (DS) of the corresponding fire alarm (2), wherein, after the entry, the corresponding measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) together with the header data (HEADER) form an event data record (REC), and - wherein the event data record (REC) is transmitted from the corresponding fire alarm (2) to the fire alarm center (1) in a distributed manner in time and over a plurality of data transmission blocks (DAT) released by the fire alarm center (1), in particular in a secondary manner.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the average data transmission rate DRZ between the fire alarm (2) and the fire alarm center (1) is in particular a multiple of the average storage data rate DRM for storing event data records (REC) in the corresponding fire alarm (2).

3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the header data (HEADER) includes file organization data (FILE) and / or detector identification (ID) and / or recording time (TIME) and / or recording format (AF) or detector type (TYPE), and if necessary, includes detector-side additional information (DL, AL) about detector events, wherein the detector event is an alarm level (DL), fire alarm (AL) or pre-alarm independently generated by the corresponding fire alarm (2).

4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein data transmission between a fire alarm (2) and a fire alarm center (1) is carried out for each fire alarm (2) in a cyclic cycle (CYC) using sequentially successive transmission frames (FRAME), wherein in the transmission frames (FRAME) respectively a data transmission block (DAT) releasable by the fire alarm center (1) is provided for data transmission from the corresponding fire alarm (2) to the fire alarm center (1), and wherein the data transmission block (DAT) includes a data volume in the range of 8 bits to 96 bits.

5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the maximum data transmission rate DRZ is 10 kBit / s, in particular 2 kBit / s, preferably 1 kBit / s.

6. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein if one of the respectively predetermined first limit values ​​(OG, TG, COG) is exceeded, the measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) is detected at a higher sampling rate and stored in a memory (DS) of the corresponding fire alarm (2).

7. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the corresponding event data record (REC) received by the fire alarm center (1), in particular its header data (HEADER), is extended by at least one central-side additional information (ZI; ZTIME, ZAL, MCP, Y / N) detected by the fire alarm center (1) and temporally assignable to the corresponding event data record (REC), wherein the central-side additional information (ZI) comprises the system time (ZTIME) of the fire alarm center (1) and / or a fire alarm (AL) detected on the central side and / or an alarm level (DL) detected on the central side and / or a manual fire alarm alarm (MCP) and / or a user-side input (Y / N) regarding the presence of an actual fire or a false alarm, wherein the event data record (REC+) thus extended is stored in a database (DB) of the fire alarm center (1) or in a database (DB) of a cloud infrastructure (CLOUD) connected to the fire alarm center (1) in terms of data technology for a further possible, if necessary partially automated, evaluation of the extended event data record (REC+) by a user with regard to the presence of an actual fire.

8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein - if a predefined recording duration (T) has been reached for the corresponding event data recording (REC), or - if the free storage capacity of the data storage (DS) is exhausted, or - if a fire alarm (AL) or alarm level (DL) is generated by the corresponding fire alarm (2), or - if a respectively predefined second limit value (OG2, TG2, CG2) is exceeded, which is greater than the corresponding assigned first limit value (OG, TG, CG), or - if the respectively predefined first limit value (OG, TG, CG) is not exceeded again, or - if a stop command for ending the continuous detection is received by the corresponding fire alarm (2) from the common detector line (ML), The continuous detection of the measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) in the corresponding fire alarm (2) is then terminated.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the corresponding constructed event data records (REC) are first stored in sequence in a buffer memory (BUF) organized in the data memory (2) of the corresponding fire alarm (2) for buffering, and - wherein the event data records (REC, REC1-RECn) stored in the buffer memory (BUF) of the respective fire alarm (2) are then transmitted successively from the respective fire alarm (2) to the fire alarm center (1) in the released transmission time blocks.

10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) are detected and stored again continuously after the event data record (REC) has been stored in the buffer memory (BUF) of the corresponding fire alarm (2) if at least one corresponding measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) again exceeds a first limit value (OG, TG, CG) which is respectively predetermined as an indicator of a possible fire event.

11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein - the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) are continuously detected by the corresponding fire alarm (2) and stored with a predeterminable cycle duration (UZ) in a ring buffer (RING) organized in a data memory (DS) of the corresponding fire alarm (2), - if at least one corresponding measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) exceeds a respectively predetermined first limit value (OG, TG, COG) as an indicator of a possible fire event, the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) stored in the ring buffer (RING) are stored in a data memory (DS) of the corresponding fire alarm (2) as historical measured values ​​(HIST), - wherein the measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) is further continuously, in particular further continuously and seamlessly, detected and stored by the corresponding fire alarm (2), and - wherein the corresponding event data record (REC) is then formed from the stored historical measured values ​​(HIST), further continuously detected measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) stored in the ring buffer (RING), and the header data (HEADER).

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) are reduced in terms of their data size by means of a lossless data reduction method or by means of a slightly lossy data reduction method.

13. A fire alarm, comprising at least one fire sensor (BS) for detecting corresponding fire characteristic variables (OPT, TEMP, CO), a data memory (DS) and a control unit connected thereto, wherein the control unit is configured to detect a measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one corresponding fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) and to output a fire alarm (AL) in the event of a detected fire, and wherein the control unit is additionally configured to temporarily store the continuously detected measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one corresponding fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) in the data memory (DS) if at least one corresponding measured value (OPT, TEMP, CO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) exceeds a respectively predetermined first limit value (OG, TG, COG), characterized in that - the fire alarm (2) is designed to operate on a common detector line (ML) with a fire alarm center (1) for supplying the fire alarm (2) with electrical energy, for outputting a fire alarm (AL) and for data transmission with the fire alarm center (1), and - The control unit is designed to form an event data record (REC) from the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) recorded in the data memory (DS) of the fire alarm (1) together with header data (HEADER) and to transmit the event data record (REC) to the fire alarm center (1) in a time-distributed manner, in particular in a secondary manner, over a data transmission block (DAT) released by the fire alarm center (1).

14. A fire alarm according to claim 13, wherein the fire alarm (2) is configured to store corresponding event data records (REC) at an average storage data rate DRM in a data memory (DS) of the fire alarm (2), wherein the average data transmission rate DRZ between the fire alarm (2) and the fire alarm center (1) is in particular a multiple of the average storage data rate DRM.

15. A fire alarm according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the header data (HEADER) includes file organization data (FILE) and / or detector identification (ID) and / or recording time (TIME) and / or recording format (AF) or detector type (TYPE), and if necessary, includes detector-side additional information (DL, AL) about detector events, wherein the detector event is an alarm level (DL), fire alarm (AL) or pre-alarm independently generated by the fire alarm (2).

16. A fire alarm according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the control unit is configured to transmit the event data record (REC) to the fire alarm center (1) over a plurality of data transmission blocks (DAT) which are distributed in time and which are allocated in time by the fire alarm center (1) to the fire alarm (2) and released, and wherein a data transmission block (DAT) comprises a data volume in the range of 8 bits to 96 bits.

17. A fire alarm according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the control unit is configured to detect a measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) at a higher sampling rate, in particular at a double or quadruple sampling rate, after exceeding one of the respectively predetermined first limit values ​​(OG, TG, COG).

18. The fire alarm according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the control unit is configured to - if a predefined recording duration (T) for the event data recording (REC) has been reached, or - If the free storage capacity of the data store (DS) is exhausted, or - if a fire alarm (AL) or a alarm level (DL) is generated by the control unit, or - if a respectively predefined second limit value (OG2, TG2, CG2) is exceeded, which is greater than the corresponding assigned first limit value (OG, TG, CG), or - if the respectively predefined first limit value (OG, TG, CG) is not exceeded again, or - if a stop command for ending the continuous detection is received by the control unit from the common detector line (ML), The continuous detection of the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) in the fire alarm (2) is then terminated.

19. A fire alarm according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the fire alarm (2) has a buffer memory (BUF) organized in a data memory (2) of the fire alarm (2), wherein the control unit is configured to first store the respectively constructed event data records (REC) in sequence in the buffer memory (BUF) for buffering, and wherein the control unit is further configured to then transmit the intermediately stored event data records (REC; REC1-RECn) in sequence in released data transmission blocks (DAT) to the fire alarm controller (1).

20. The fire alarm according to claim 13 , wherein the fire alarm ( 2 ) has a ring buffer memory (RING) with a predeterminable cycle duration (UZ) organized in a data memory (DS) of the fire alarm ( 2 ) and wherein the control unit is designed for - continuously detecting measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) and storing them in the ring buffer (RING), - if the currently detected measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) exceeds a respectively predetermined first limit value (OG, TG, COG), saving the measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) stored in the ring buffer (RING) as a historical measured value (HIST), - further continuously, in particular seamlessly, detecting the measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) and storing it in the ring buffer memory (RING), and The event data record (REC) is formed from the stored historical measured values ​​(HIST), further continuously detected and stored measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) together with the header data (HEADER).

21. A fire alarm according to any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the control unit of the fire alarm (2) is configured to reduce the data size of the stored measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) by means of a computer program executed on the control unit for performing a lossless data reduction method or a slightly lossy data reduction method.

22. A fire alarm center for operation on a common detector line (ML), the detector line having a plurality of fire alarms (2) according to any one of the preceding claims 13 to 21 and, if necessary, further fire alarms, warning devices and / or manual fire alarms (3), wherein the fire alarm center (1) has a control unit which is designed for - receiving event data records (REC) from the corresponding fire alarm (2) via the detector line (ML) in a plurality of data transmission blocks (DAT) distributed in time, and - The corresponding event data records (REC) are combined piece by piece into corresponding event data records (REC) by evaluating their header data (HEADER), in particular by evaluating their file organization data (FILE), and stored in a database (DB).

23. A fire alarm center according to claim 22, wherein the control unit of the fire alarm center (1) is configured to extend the corresponding combined event data record (REC), in particular its header data (HEADER), with at least one central-side additional information (ZI; ZTIME, ZAL, MCP, Y / N) detected by the fire alarm center (1) and temporally assignable to the corresponding event data record (REC) and stored in the database (DB) as an extended event data record (REC+), wherein the central-side additional information (ZI) includes the system time (ZTIME) of the fire alarm center (1) and / or a fire alarm (AL) detected on the central side and / or an alarm level detected on the central side and / or a manual fire alarm alarm (MCP) and / or a user-side input regarding the presence of an actual fire or a false alarm.

24. A fire alarm center according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the control unit of the fire alarm center (1) is configured to store corresponding event data records (REC) or corresponding extended event data records (REC+) in a database (DB) of the fire alarm center (1).

25. A fire alarm center according to claim 22 or 24, wherein the control unit of the fire alarm center (1) is configured to store corresponding event data records (REC) or corresponding extended event data records (REC+) in a database (DB) of a cloud infrastructure (CLOUD) that is data-technically connected to the fire alarm center (1).

26. A fire alarm facility, comprising a fire alarm center (1) according to any one of claims 22 to 25, and at least one detector line (ML) connected to the fire alarm center (1), wherein the detector line has a large number of fire alarms (2) connected thereto according to any one of the preceding claims 13 to 21, and other fire alarms, alarm devices and / or manual fire alarms (3) connected thereto as necessary.

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