Electrical adapter

Abstract

The electrical adapter includes an electrical conductor, an inner wall surrounding the electrical conductor, an outer wall surrounding the inner wall, and a connection structure disposed between the inner wall and the outer wall.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application No. 63 / 359,617, filed on July 8, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Art 1. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention generally relates to adapters for electrical connectors, and more particularly to adapters for wireless radio frequency (RF) or coaxial board connectors. 2. Related technologies

[0003] Known coaxial connectors are generally large, complex structures, usually based on inserting a center conductor into a cylindrical housing. Therefore, size reduction (miniaturization) and high data rates are significantly limited by known coaxial connectors. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] An adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, having a selective metallization portion applied to the adapter. Specifically, the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the adapter can be provided with a conductive coating, and the insulator can be located between the inner shell or wall of the inner conductor and the outer shell or wall of the outer conductor. The insulator can be made of a non-solid structure such as a grid structure, which can reduce the dielectric constant and loss. When the adapter is compressed, the grid structure can firmly position the inner conductor while also providing elasticity. The adapter can be used in wireless radio frequency applications, or as a solder ball replacement component, etc.

[0005] The electrical transition may include one or more electrical conductors, an inner wall surrounding the electrical conductors and may include an outer surface and an inner surface, an outer wall surrounding the inner wall and may include an outer surface and an inner surface, and a connection structure between the inner wall and the outer wall.

[0006] Each of the inner wall and the outer wall may have or be configured as a tubular shape. The inner wall and the outer wall may be concentric or may be configured as a concentric shape. The connection structure may be non-conductive or electrically non-conductive. The electrical conductor may be configured by a grid structure, which may further include void spaces and struts that may extend from the outer surface of the inner wall. The connection structure may be configured by a grid structure, which may include void spaces and struts that may extend from between the outer surface of the inner wall and the inner surface of the outer wall, and between the outer surface of the inner wall and the inner surface of the outer wall.

[0007] The electrical conductor may include an opening for receiving a docking conductor. Each of the electrical conductor, inner wall, outer wall and connecting structure may include or contain the same material. The material of each of the electrical conductor, inner wall, outer wall and connecting structure or the same material may include 3D printing material. The electrical conductor may include a conductive coating. The inner surface of the inner wall may include a conductive coating. The outer surface of the outer wall may include a conductive coating. The pillars may be arranged in a torsional pattern or a radial, spiral pattern. When the electrical adapter is compressed, the electrical conductor and the inner wall may twist independently or as a single unit. The electrical conductor may include an opening configured to receive a docking conductor. The electrical conductor may include teeth, which are configured to engage the docking conductor when the electrical adapter receives the docking conductor.

[0008] The biaxial electrical adapter includes one or more first electrical conductors, a first inner wall that can surround the first electrical conductor and can include an outer surface and an inner surface, a second electrical conductor, a second inner wall that can surround the second electrical conductor and can include or set an outer surface and an inner surface, and an outer wall that can include a first outer wall and a second outer wall. The first outer wall can surround or at least partially surround the first inner wall that can include an outer surface and an inner surface. The second outer wall can surround or at least partially surround the second inner wall that can include an outer surface and an inner surface. A first connection structure can be provided between the first inner wall and the first outer wall. A second connection structure can be provided between the second inner wall and the second outer wall.

[0009] Each of the first inner wall, the second inner wall, the first outer wall and the second outer wall may be configured or have a tubular shape. The first inner wall and the first outer wall may be concentric or configured to be concentric, and the second inner wall and the second outer wall may be concentric or configured to be concentric. The first and second connection structures may be non-conductive or electrically non-conductive. The first electrical conductor may be configured or configured as a grid structure, which may further include void spaces and pillars extending from the outer surface of the first inner wall, and the second electrical conductor may be configured or configured as a grid structure, which may include void spaces and pillars extending from the outer surface of the second inner wall. The first connection structure may be configured by a grid structure, which may include or configure void spaces and first pillars, which may extend from the outer surface of the first inner wall and the inner surface of the first outer wall, and between the outer surface of the first inner wall and the inner surface of the first outer wall. The second connection structure can be defined by a grid structure, which grid structure can further include or define void spaces and second pillars, which void spaces and second pillars can extend from and between the outer surface of the second inner wall and the inner surface of the second outer wall. The first electrical conductor can include an opening to receive the first docking conductor, and the second electrical conductor can include an opening to receive the second docking conductor.

[0010] Each of the first and second electrical conductors, the first and second inner walls, the outer wall, and the first and second connection structures may include or may contain the same material. The material of each of the first and second electrical conductors, the first and second inner walls, the outer wall, and the first and second connection structures or the same material may include a 3D printed material. The first and second electrical conductors may include a conductive coating individually or both. The inner surface of the first inner wall may include a conductive coating. The inner surface of the second inner wall may include a conductive coating. The outer surface of the first outer wall may include a conductive coating. The outer surface of the second outer wall may include a conductive coating.

[0011] The first and second struts may each be arranged in a torsion pattern or a radial spiral pattern. When the dual-axis electrical transition is compressed, the first electrical conductor and the first inner wall may twist individually or in series. When the dual-axis electrical transition is compressed, the second electrical conductor and the second inner wall may twist individually or in series. The first electrical conductor may include an opening configured to receive a first docking conductor. The second electrical conductor may include an opening configured to receive a second docking conductor. The first electrical conductor may include teeth configured to engage the first docking conductor when the dual-axis electrical transition receives the first docking conductor. The second electrical conductor may include teeth that engage the second docking conductor when the dual-axis electrical transition receives the second docking conductor.

[0012] The electrical transition piece may include a first electrical conductor, which may extend along a first longitudinal axis and may be configured to twist or rotate or rotate about the first longitudinal axis when the first electrical conductor is compressed. The electrical transition piece may also include a third electrical conductor, which may extend along a second longitudinal axis, which may be parallel to the first longitudinal axis, and may be configured to rotate or rotate about the second longitudinal axis when the second electrical conductor is compressed. The first and third electrical conductors may twist or rotate independently or rotate in the same direction. The first and third electrical conductors may twist or rotate independently or rotate in opposite directions. The first and third electrical conductors may be coaxial or dual-axis signal contacts.

[0013] The electrical transition may include a first electrical conductor that may extend along a first longitudinal axis. The first electrical connector may be repeatedly compressed in an end-to-end direction along the first longitudinal axis. The electrical insulator may surround or at least partially surround the first electrical conductor and may also be repeatedly compressed in the same end-to-end direction. The third electrical conductor may extend along a second longitudinal axis and may be repeatedly compressed in an end-to-end direction. The electrical insulator may surround or at least partially surround the third electrical conductor. The electrical insulator may also be repeatedly compressed in the same end-to-end direction. When the first electrical conductor is compressed, the first electrical conductor may twist or rotate or rotate about the first longitudinal axis. When the third electrical conductor is compressed, the third electrical conductor may twist or rotate or rotate about the third longitudinal axis. The first and third electrical conductors may twist or rotate or rotate independently of each other. The first and third electrical conductors may twist or rotate or rotate in the same direction. The first and third electrical conductors may twist or rotate or rotate in opposite directions. The first electrical conductor may be provided with a first opening, which is configured to receive at least one of a butt conductor, a cable conductor, a crimped butt tail, a solder tail, and a connector tail. The third electrical conductor may be configured to have a second opening configured to receive at least one of a docking conductor, a cable conductor, a crimped docking tail, a welding tail, and a connector tail. The electrical adapter may also include a plurality of electrical adapters arranged in a flexible or rigid carrier, and the plurality of electrical adapters may be individually arranged in a matrix of rows and columns. The first electrical conductor may be configured to have a non-solid structure, such as a grid structure. The third electrical conductor may be configured to have a non-solid structure, such as a grid structure. The electrical insulator may be configured to have a non-solid structure, such as a grid structure. The electrical adapter may be 3D printed. The electrical adapter and / or the first electrical conductor and / or the third electrical conductor and / or the electrical insulator may include a photopolymer.

[0014] The coaxial electrical transition may include a re-compressible first electrical conductor and a re-compressible insulator. The biaxial electrical transition may include a re-compressible first electrical conductor, a re-compressible third electrical conductor, and a re-compressible insulator.

[0015] The electrical transition may be compressible along the longitudinal axis and may include an electrical conductor and means for rotating at least a portion of the electrical conductor about the longitudinal axis.

[0016] The above and other features, elements, characteristics, steps and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an adapter with radial struts.

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view of the adapter shown.

[0019] Figure 3 and Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Side and perspective views of a side cross-section of the adapter are shown.

[0020] Figure 5 and Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Top and perspective views of a top cross section of the adapter are shown.

[0021] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A side view of a side cross-section of the adapter shown with a cap on each end of the adapter.

[0022] Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The diagram shows a top view and a perspective view of an adapter having a twisting inner support and a twisting outer support.

[0023] Fig.10 and Fig.11 yes Figure 8 and 9 Side and perspective views of a side cross-section of the adapter are shown.

[0024] Figures 12A-12C yes Figure 8 and 9 Top and side views of a side cross-section of a central portion of the adapter are shown.

[0025] Figures 13A-13C is inserted into Figure 8 and 9 A side view of a side cross section of a mating conductor in the adapter is shown.

[0026] Fig.14 and Fig.15 These are the top and perspective views of the dual-axis adapter.

[0027] Fig.16 and Fig.17 yes Fig.14 and Fig.15 Cross-section view of the dual-axis adapter shown.

[0028] Fig.18 Shown inserted into Fig.14 and Fig.15 Side cross section of mating conductors in a twinax adapter shown.

[0029] Fig.19 and Fig. 20 Has a cover, Fig.14 and Fig.15 Top and perspective views of the dual-axis adapter are shown.

[0030] Fig.21 yes Fig.19 and20 Exploded view of dual axis adapter and cover shown.

[0031] Fig. 22 Shown with Figure 1 or Figure 8 Adapter shown or Fig.14 Carrier for use with the dual axis adapter shown. Detailed Description

[0032] Figure 1-6 The adapter 10 is shown, which includes an inner wall 30, an outer wall 50, an insulator 40 and an inner conductor or a first conductor 20. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A perspective view and a top view of the adapter 10 are shown, Figure 3 and Figure 4 A side view and a perspective view showing a side cross section of the adapter 10, Figure 5 and Figure 6 1 and 2 are top and perspective views of a top cross section of the adapter 10 .

[0033] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the adapter 10 includes an inner wall 30 and an outer wall 50. Each of the inner wall 30 and the outer wall 50 can be configured as a tubular shape, wherein the inner wall 30 is surrounded by the outer wall 50. The inner wall 30 and the outer wall 50 can be concentric. The inner conductor or the first electrical conductor 20 can be disposed within the inner wall 30. The first electrical conductor 20 can extend along a first longitudinal axis and can be repeatedly compressed in an end-to-end direction along the first longitudinal axis or in the Z direction ( Figure 3 ). An electrical insulator 40, such as a dielectric material, may be disposed between the inner wall 30 and the outer wall 50. The electrical insulator 40 may also be repeatedly compressible in an end-to-end direction. Repeatable compressibility may mean that when the adapter 10 is positioned on a substrate (not shown), the first electrical conductor 20 is positioned perpendicular to the substrate (not shown), and a force is applied to an end of the adapter 10 by a force mechanism (not shown), the adapter 10 is compressed between the substrate (not shown) and the force mechanism (mechanism), for example, Figure 3The adapter 10 is compressed in the Z direction shown or along the first longitudinal axis to reduce the overall height dimension of the adapter. Alternatively, the force can be applied by a substrate (not shown) and the force mechanism can remain stationary or fixed, or a combination of opposing forces can be simultaneously generated by the force mechanism (not shown) and the substrate (not shown). When the force is removed, the adapter 10 returns to its original, pre-compressed height or to within about 1-10% of its pre-compressed height within the measurement tolerance. In other words, the adapter 10 can be compressed and have an internal restoring force that prevents the adapter 10 and / or the inner conductor or the first electrical conductor 20 and / or the electrical insulator 40 from remaining permanently deformed after the adapter 10 and / or the inner and / or first conductor 20 or the electrical insulator 40 are compressed. In other words, the adapter 10 and / or the first electrical conductor 20 and / or the electrical insulator 40 can exhibit elastic or temporary deformation in response to a unidirectional compressive force or an oppositely directional compressive force, rather than plastic or permanent deformation. The electrical adapter can include a polymer, such as a cured polymer or a cured photopolymer. The polymer or cured polymer or cured photopolymer may be compressible in the longitudinal direction or may be longitudinally compressible.

[0034] Each of the inner or first electrical conductor 20 and the electrical insulator 40 may be defined by a non-solid structure such as a grid structure that provides void space within the transition 10 while providing mechanical rigidity to the transition 10. The grid structure of each of the inner or first electrical conductor 20 and the electrical insulator 40 may be formed along Figure 3 The z-axis is shown with radial symmetry about the center point of the adapter 10. Any of the grid structures discussed herein may be strengthened or weakened to provide a desired level of repeatable or non-repeatable compressibility. At least one end of the first electrical conductor 20 or the inner wall 30 may be rotated or twisted or bent about the first longitudinal axis to provide an alternative to wiping. That is, the grid structure may provide a means for rotating at least one end of the first electrical conductor 20 or the inner wall 30. Unlike traditional linear wiping, the first electrical conductor 20 or the inner wall 30 may provide a rotating or bending wipe to help remove or penetrate unwanted gunk, dirt, debris or oxides. The rotating wiping end or end of the first electrical conductor 20 may be further equipped with one or more teeth or a textured sandpaper-like surface.

[0035] like Figure 4-6 As shown, the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 20 may include a plurality of inner legs 21, and the electrical insulator 40 may include a plurality of outer legs 41 and 42. Figure 3 When the z-axis shown is applied to the adapter 10, the inner support 21 may include a bend or wave shape to set the Figure 3The compression and expansion regions along the x-axis are shown. The inner struts 21 connecting the top and bottom of the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 20 can extend in a direction generally perpendicular to the outer struts 41 or in the longitudinal direction of the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 20, i.e., in the direction in which the adapter 10 is compressed. The electrical insulator 40 can include radial outer struts 41 and circular or arcuate outer struts 42 to provide a compression force when the compressive force is Figure 3 When applied to the adapter 10 in the z-axis direction shown, it helps maintain the overall structural rigidity of the adapter 10. At least a portion of the outer support 41 can extend completely between the inner wall 30 and the outer wall 50. The circular or arcuate outer support 42 can be concentric with one or both of the inner wall 50 and the outer wall 50.

[0036] The structure of the inner support 21 can be adjusted according to the docking connection to be provided, for example, docking with a pad on a substrate, or receiving the center conductor of a coaxial cable. The structure of the outer support 41 and 42 can be adjusted to provide predetermined characteristics, for example, a predetermined dielectric constant, predetermined mechanical properties, or predetermined thermal properties.

[0037] The adapter 10 can be manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, for example, by a three-dimensional (3D) printing process. The adapter 10 can be made of one material or multiple materials deposited by a 3D printing process. The matrix structure of each inner conductor or first electrical conductor 20, the inner wall 30, the electrical insulator 40 and the outer wall 50 can be set by a non-conductive material (for example, plastic), or can be made of a non-conductive magnetic absorption material (for example, ferromagnetic ceramic). In particular, the adapter 10 may include a photocurable photopolymer resin, which can be used in stereolithography (stereolithography, SLA) and digital light processing (digital lightprocessing, DLP) processes. The photocurable photopolymer resin can be a thermosetting polymer with crosslinking initiated by exposure to light of a predetermined frequency. The photocurable photopolymer resin can include a photoinitiator that forms free radicals to initiate crosslinking, or can include a thermoplastic polymer without crosslinking. The additive manufacturing process can be achieved by a high-resolution 3D printer having a resolution of about 2 microns, such as a microarchs230 3D printer manufactured by Boston Micro Manufacturing. However, 3D printers of other resolutions may be used, such as 3D printers of approximately 200 nm resolution.

[0038] The inner or first electrical conductor 20 and the inner surface of the inner wall 30 may be coated or plated with a conductive material, such as copper and / or gold. Similarly, the outer surface of the outer wall 50 may be coated with a conductive material, such as copper and / or gold. Figure 3Shown are proximate conductive and non-conductive areas of the transition 10. The transition 10 can be provided by a process that includes first chemically etching the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 20, the inner surface of the inner wall 30, and the outer surface of the outer wall 50, and then electroplating each of the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 20, the inner surface of the inner wall 30, and the outer surface of the outer wall 50.

[0039] The inner conductor or first conductor 20 and the inner surface of the inner wall 30 can set the first electrical conductor of the adapter 10, and the outer surface of the outer wall 50 can set the second electrical conductor. The inner conductor or first electrical conductor 20 can be a signal conductor, and the second conductor can be a ground conductor. The first electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor can provide, for example, an electrical connection between a wireless radio frequency connector and a docking substrate. Alternatively, the adapter 10 itself can set the wireless radio frequency connector.

[0040] The width of adapter 10 in the x-axis may be about 4.5 mm within manufacturing and / or measurement tolerances, and the height of adapter 10 in the z-axis may be about 2.5 mm within manufacturing and / or measurement tolerances. However, the size of adapter 10 is not limited and may be adjusted according to, for example, the application in which adapter 10 is used.

[0041] Figure 7 is a side view of a side cross section of the adapter 10 with the end cap 70, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, end caps 70 may be provided to cover the insulator 40 at each end in the z-axis direction of the adapter 10. The end caps 70 may prevent the conductive material from coating the insulator 40 during the process of electroplating the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 20, the inner surface of the inner wall 30, and the outer surface of the outer wall 50 with the conductive material.

[0042] The inner edge 71 and the outer edge 72 of the end cap 70 can include removal features to facilitate removal of the end cap 70 from the adapter 10 after the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 20, the inner surface of the inner wall 30, and the outer surface of the outer wall 50 have been plated with conductive materials. For example, the inner edge 71 and the outer edge 72 of the end cap 70 can include discontinuous lines or areas with reduced width or reduced cross-section. Thus, the end cap 70 can be removed by compressing the adapter 10 in the z-axis direction.

[0043] Figure 8-13C The adapter 110 is shown, which includes a twisted inner support 121 and a twisted outer support 141, Figure 8 and 9 are top and perspective views of the adapter 110, Fig.10 and 11 are side and perspective views of a side cross section of the adapter 110, Figures 12A-12C 1 and 2 are top and side views of a side cross-section of a central portion of adapter 110 .

[0044] Similar to the above-mentioned adapter 10, the adapter 110 includes an inner wall 130 and an outer wall 150, each of which can be constructed into a tubular shape, and the inner wall 130 is set by the outer wall 150; the inner conductor 120 is arranged in the inner wall 130; the electrical insulator 140, such as a dielectric material, is arranged between the inner wall 130 and the outer wall 150.

[0045] However, unlike the transition piece 10, the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 120 may include a plurality of inner struts 121 provided in a twisted pattern or a spiral radial pattern. The inner struts 121 may have a curved shape in a plan view, such as Figure 8 and 12A As shown. Fig. 12C As shown, the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 120 may include an opening 123 and a tapered portion 124 , and further, the support 121 may include teeth or barbs 125 .

[0046] Similar to the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 120, the electrical insulator 140 may include a plurality of outer struts 141 provided in a twisted pattern or a spiral radial pattern. The outer struts 141 may also have a curved shape in a plan view, such as Figure 8 As shown, the electrical insulator 140 may not include a curved or arcuate outer support post that is concentric with the inner wall 130 and the outer wall 150 .

[0047] By providing the inner struts 121 and the outer struts 141 with a torsional pattern or a spiral radial pattern, the adapter 110 can be Figure 8 The center point of the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 120 is maintained in both the x-axis and y-axis shown. In addition, the twisting pattern or spiral radial pattern can help grasp and fix the docking conductor, as described below. The docking conductor can be any suitable docking conductor, including, for example, a cable conductor, a crimping tail, a welding tail, a connector tail, etc., that is, the structure of the inner support 121 and the outer support 141 provides rigidity in the x-axis and y-axis to maintain the position of the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 120, while also providing flexibility in the z-axis to provide a strong and reliable connection with the docking conductor.

[0048] like Fig.10 As shown, the width of the adapter 110 in the x-axis can be about 4.5 mm within manufacturing and / or measurement tolerances, and the height of the adapter 110 in the z-axis can be about 2.5 mm within manufacturing and / or measurement tolerances. However, the size of the adapter 110 is not limited and can be adjusted, for example, according to the application in which the adapter 110 is to be used.

[0049] Figures 13A-13C is a side view of a side cross-section of a mating conductor 180 inserted into an adapter 110 .

[0050] like Fig.13AAs shown, the butt conductor 180 can first be inserted into the opening 123 of the inner conductor or the first electrical conductor 120. Then, the butt conductor 180 is received by the tapered portion 124 to guide the butt conductor 180 and position the butt conductor 180 to the center of the insert 110. Figure 8 On the x-axis and y-axis shown, the docking conductor 180 can be any suitable docking conductor, including, for example, a cable conductor, a crimping tail, a welding tail, a connector tail, etc.

[0051] like Fig. 13B As shown, when the butt conductor 180 is further inserted into the inner conductor 120, the butt conductor 180 is received by the teeth or barbs 125. The teeth or barbs 125 help grasp and secure the butt conductor 180 within the insert 110, and the teeth or barbs 125 can also provide improved conductivity between the butt conductor 180 and the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 120 by providing multiple physical and electrical connections between the butt conductor 180 and the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 120.

[0052] like Fig. 13C As shown, the butt conductor 180 may include a roughened surface 185 , such as scoring, to further aid in securing the butt conductor 180 within the transition piece 110 and to further provide improved electrical conductivity between the butt conductor 180 and the inner conductor or first electrical conductor 120 .

[0053] When the butt conductor 180 is still inserted into the adapter 110, the adapter 110 can be Fig.10 As the adapter 110 is compressed, the torsion mode or radial spiral mode of the inner support 121 and the outer support 141 generates a torsion force, which keeps the center point of the inner conductor 120 at Figure 8 140. The adapter 110 further provides improved conductivity between the butt conductor 180 and the inner conductor 180.

[0054] Figure 14-18 A biaxial insert 210 is shown, which includes two inserts sharing a common outer wall 250, and the biaxial insert 210 includes a space 260 between the two inserts, which space 260 can be covered by an end cap 270, such as Figure 19-21 shown. Fig.14 and 15 are top and perspective views of the biaxial insert. Fig.16 and Fig.17 yes Fig.14 and Fig.15A cross-sectional view of the dual-axis adapter is shown. Fig.18 Show Insert Fig.14 and 15 A side cross-section of a butted conductor 180 in a twin-axial adapter is shown. Figure 14-18 Two adapters are shown, but more than two adapters may be included within a single outer wall.

[0055] The dual-axis adapter 210 includes a first outer wall 250a, a first inner conductor or first electrical conductor 220a having an opening 230a at the top of the first inner conductor 220a, a second outer wall 250b, and a third inner conductor or third electrical conductor 220b having an opening 230b at the top of the third inner conductor or third electrical conductor 220b, wherein the first and second outer walls 250a, 250b are included in the outer wall 250. The second electrical conductor may be disposed on the outer surface of the outer wall 250. The first and third inner conductors or first and third electrical conductors 220a, 220b may include pillars 221a, 221b connected to the outer walls 250a, 250b. The tapered portions 224a, 224b may include pillars extending in the longitudinal direction of the dual-axis adapter 210, or pillars extending in the direction in which the dual-axis adapter 210 is compressed. At least one end of each of the first inner conductor or first electrical conductor 220a and the third inner conductor or third electrical conductor 220b can be rotated or twisted or turned about the first longitudinal axis to provide an alternative to wiping, rather than traditional linear wiping, to help remove or penetrate unwanted gunk, dirt, debris or oxides. The first inner conductor or first electrical conductor 220a and the third inner conductor or third electrical conductor 220b can be rotated in the same direction or can be rotated in opposite directions. That is, the struts 221a, 221b can provide a means for rotating at least one end of each of the first inner conductor or first electrical conductor 220a and the third inner conductor or third electrical conductor 220b. Alternatively, the dual-axis adapter 210 can include a device similar to Figure 1 and 10 Two adapters of the adapters 10 , 110 are shown, which are connected by a common wall similar to the common wall 250 .

[0056] The biaxial transition piece 210 may be selectively metallized. The first and third inner conductors or the first and third electrical conductors 240a, 240b and the outer surface of the outer wall 250 may be made conductive by applying a metal layer to the inner conductors 240a, 240b and the outer surface of the outer wall 250. For example, Figure 19-21As shown, the biaxial adapter 210 includes a cover 270 located at each of the two axial adapters 210. The biaxial insert 210 can be made with the cover 270 to cover the top and bottom surfaces of the outer wall 250 and the space 260, or the cover 270 can be added to the biaxial insert 210 to cover the top and bottom surfaces of the outer wall 250 and the space 260. Then, a conductive material can be selectively applied to the biaxial adapter 210. No conductive material can be applied to the outer surface of the outer wall 250a, 250b within the space 260, or the top and bottom surfaces of the outer wall 250. For example, a metal layer can be plated on the first and third inner conductors or the first and third electrical conductors 240a, 240b and the outer surface of the outer wall 250. After selective metallization, the cover 270 can be removed. The cover 270 can include a removal feature to help remove the cover 270 from the adapter 210. For example, the edge of cover 270 may include discontinuous lines or areas of reduced width or reduced cross-section. Cover 270 may be removed by compressing adapter 210 in the z-axis direction.

[0057] like Fig.18 As shown, the butt conductors 280a, 280b can first be inserted into the openings 230a, 230b at the top of the inner conductor or the first and / or third electrical conductors 220a, 220b. Openings can also be included at the bottom of the first and third inner conductors or the first and third electrical conductors 220a, 220b so that additional butt conductors can be inserted into the twinax adapter 210. Fig.18 As shown, the butt conductors 280a, 280b are then received by the tapered portions 224a, 224b to guide and position the butt conductors 280a, 280b to the center of each of the two transitions. Multiple physical and electrical connections are provided between the butt conductors 280a, 280b and the first and third inner conductors or first and third electrical conductors 220a, 220b. The teeth or barbs 225a, 225b help to grasp and secure the butt conductors 280a, 280b within the twin-axial transitions 210a, 280b. The teeth or barbs 225a, 225b can also provide improved conductivity between the butt conductors 280a, 280b and the first and third inner or electrical conductors 220a, 220b.

[0058] The adapters 10 and 110 and the dual-axis adapter 210 may be included in the carrier 500, such as Fig. 22As shown. The carrier 500 can be rigid or flexible. Both the carrier 500 and the adapter 10, 110 or the dual-axis adapter 210 can be manufactured using additive manufacturing processes, including, for example, 3D printing. The carrier 500 and the adapter 10, 110 or the dual-axis adapter 210 can be printed using additive manufacturing during the same printing cycle or printing cycle or printing operation. A printing cycle can include a time period starting at the beginning of printing and ending at the completion of printing of a certain part or object, for example, a carrier 500 having an array of adapters 10, 110 or dual-axis adapters 210. Alternatively, the carrier 500 and the adapter 10, 110 or the dual-axis adapter 210 can be manufactured separately and then combined in different steps. In Fig. 22 In the embodiment shown, sixteen adapters 10, 110 or two axial adapters 210 are included in a 4×4 array, but any number and arrangement of adapters 10 may be used.

[0059] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and elements thereof may be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt specific systems, devices, or components thereof to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the essential scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed for implementing the present disclosure, but the present disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0060] The terms used herein are only used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that when used in this specification, the terms "include" (verb prototype) and / or "include" (participle) specify the presence of stated features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their groups.

[0061] Embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The described embodiments are selected and described in order to best explain the principles and practical applications of the present disclosure, and to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure of various embodiments with various modifications suitable for the intended specific use.

Claims

1. An electrical adapter, comprising: Electrical conductors; an inner wall surrounding the electrical conductor and comprising an outer surface and an inner surface; an outer wall surrounding the inner wall and comprising an outer surface and an inner surface; as well as A connection structure between the inner wall and the outer wall. 2 . The electrical adapter according to claim 1 , wherein each of the inner wall and the outer wall has a tubular shape. The electrical adapter according to claim 2 , wherein the inner wall and the outer wall are concentric.

4. The electrical transition piece according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the connecting structure is non-conductive.

5. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electrical conductors are defined by a grid structure comprising void spaces and struts extending from an outer surface of the inner wall.

6. An electrical adapter according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the connection structure is set by a grid structure, the grid structure includes void spaces and pillars, the pillars extend from the outer surface of the inner wall and the inner surface of the outer wall and extend between the outer surface of the inner wall and the inner surface of the outer wall.

7. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electrical conductor comprises an opening for receiving a mating conductor.

8. The electrical adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: Each of the electrical conductor, the inner wall, the outer wall, and the connecting structure comprises the same material. 9 . The electrical adapter according to claim 8 , wherein the material of the conductor, the inner wall, the outer wall and the connection structure comprises a 3D printing material.

10. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electrical conductor comprises a conductive coating.

11. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein an inner surface of the inner wall comprises a conductive coating.

12. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein an outer surface of the outer wall comprises a conductive coating.

13. An electrical transition according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the struts are arranged in a torsional pattern or a radial or helical pattern.

14. The electrical adapter of claim 13, wherein the electrical conductor and the inner wall twist when the electrical adapter is compressed.

15. An electrical transition according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the electrical conductor comprises an opening for receiving a mating conductor.

16. The electrical transition of claim 15, wherein the electrical conductor includes teeth that engage the mating conductor when the electrical transition receives the mating conductor.

17. A dual-axis electrical adapter, comprising: a first electrical conductor; a first inner wall surrounding the first electrical conductor and comprising an outer surface and an inner surface; a second electrical conductor; a second inner wall surrounding the second electrical conductor and comprising an outer surface and an inner surface; an outer wall, the outer wall comprising a first outer wall and a second outer wall, wherein the first outer wall surrounds the first inner wall and comprises an outer surface and an inner surface, and the second outer wall surrounds the second inner wall and comprises an outer surface and an inner surface; a first connection structure between the first inner wall and the first outer wall; and A second connection structure between the second inner wall and the second outer wall.

18. The dual-axis electrical adapter according to claim 17, wherein: Each of the first inner wall, the second inner wall, the first outer wall, and the second outer wall has a tubular shape.

19. The dual-axis electrical adapter according to claim 18, characterized in that: The first inner wall is concentric with the first outer wall, and the second inner wall is concentric with the second outer wall.

20. The dual-axis electrical adapter according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the first connection structure and the second connection structure are non-conductive.

21. The dual-axis electrical adapter according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein: The first electrical conductor is defined by a grid structure including void spaces and struts extending from an outer surface of the first inner wall; and The second electrical conductor is defined by a grid structure including void spaces and struts extending from an outer surface of the second inner wall.

22. The dual-axis electrical adapter of any one of claims 17-21, wherein the first connection structure is defined by a grid structure including void spaces and first struts extending from between the outer surface of the first inner wall and the inner surface of the first outer wall and extending between the outer surface of the first inner wall and the inner surface of the first outer wall; and The second connection structure is defined by a lattice structure including void spaces and second struts extending from between and between the outer surface of the second inner wall and the inner surface of the second outer wall.

23. The dual-axis electrical transition of any one of claims 17-22, wherein the first electrical conductor includes an opening to receive a first mating conductor; and The second electrical conductor includes an opening that receives a second mating conductor.

24. The dual-axis electrical transition of any one of claims 17-23, wherein each of the first and second electrical conductors, the first and second inner walls, the outer wall, and the first and second connecting structures comprise the same material.

25. The dual-axis electrical transition of claim 24, wherein the same material of each of the first and second electrical conductors, the first and second inner walls, the outer wall, and the first and second connecting structures comprises a 3D printed material.

26. The dual-axis electrical transition of any one of claims 17-25, wherein the first and second electrical conductors include a conductive coating.

27. The dual-axis electrical interposer of any one of claims 17-26, wherein The inner surface of the first inner wall includes a conductive coating; and An inner surface of the second inner wall includes a conductive coating.

28. The biaxial electrical interposer of any one of claims 17-27, wherein an outer surface of the first outer wall comprises a conductive coating; and an outer surface of the second outer wall comprises a conductive coating.

29. The dual-axis electrical adapter of claim 22, wherein the first and second legs are arranged in a torsional pattern or a radial or spiral pattern.

30. The dual-axis electrical adapter of claim 29, wherein When the biaxial electrical transition is compressed, the first electrical conductor and the first inner wall twist; and When the biaxial electrical adapter is compressed, the second electrical conductor and the second inner wall twist.

31. A dual-axis electrical adapter according to claim 29 or 30, wherein The first electrical conductor includes an opening for receiving a first mating conductor; and The second electrical conductor includes an opening for receiving a second mating conductor.

32. The dual-axis electrical adapter according to claim 31, characterized in that: The first electrical conductor includes teeth that engage the first mating conductor when the biaxial electrical transition receives the first mating conductor; as well as The second electrical conductor includes teeth that engage the second mating conductor when the twin-axial electrical transition receives the second mating conductor.

33. An electrical transition comprising a first electrical conductor extending along a first longitudinal axis and wherein when compressed, the first electrical conductor twists or rotates or rotates about the first longitudinal axis.

34. The electrical transition of claim 33, further comprising a third electrical conductor extending along a second longitudinal axis and configured to twist or rotate or rotate about the second longitudinal axis when compressed.

35. The electrical adapter of claim 34, wherein the first electrical conductor and the third electrical conductor twist or rotate or rotate in the same direction.

36. The electrical adapter of claim 34, wherein the first electrical conductor and the third electrical conductor twist or rotate or rotate in opposite directions.

37. An electrical adapter, comprising: a first electrical conductor extending along a first longitudinal axis and being repeatedly compressible in an end-to-end direction along said first longitudinal axis; as well as An electrical insulator surrounds or at least partially surrounds the first electrical conductor, and the electrical insulator is also repeatedly compressible in the same end-to-end direction.

38. The electrical transition of claim 37, further comprising a third electrical conductor extending along the second longitudinal axis and being repeatedly compressible in an end-to-end direction, wherein The electrical insulator surrounds or at least partially surrounds the third electrical conductor, and the electrical insulator is also repeatedly compressible in the same end-to-end direction.

39. An electrical transition according to claim 37 or 38, wherein when the first electrical conductor is compressed, the first electrical conductor twists or rotates or rotates about the first longitudinal axis.

40. An electrical transition according to any one of claims 37-39, wherein when the third electrical conductor is compressed, the third electrical conductor twists or rotates or rotates about the second longitudinal axis.

41. The electrical adapter of claim 40, wherein the first electrical conductor and the third electrical conductor twist or rotate or rotate in the same direction.

42. The electrical adapter of claim 40, wherein the first electrical conductor and the third electrical conductor twist or rotate or rotate in opposite directions.

43. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 37-42, wherein the first electrical conductor defines a first opening, the first opening being configured to receive at least one of a mating conductor, a cable conductor, a press-fit tail, a solder tail, and a connector tail.

44. The electrical adapter of any one of claims 37-43, wherein the third electrical conductor defines a second opening, the second opening being configured to receive at least one of a mating conductor, a cable conductor, a press-fit tail, a solder tail, and a connector tail.

45. The electrical transition piece according to any one of claims 37-43, further comprising a plurality of electrical transition pieces disposed in a flexible or rigid carrier, and the plurality of electrical transition pieces are individually arranged in a matrix of rows and columns.

46. ​​The electrical transition according to any one of claims 37 to 45, wherein the first electrical conductor is configured as a non-solid structure or a grid structure.

47. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 37 to 46, wherein the third electrical conductor is configured as a non-solid structure or a grid structure.

48. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 37 to 47, wherein the electrical insulator is configured as a non-solid structure or a grid structure.

49. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 33-48, wherein the electrical transition and / or the first electrical conductor and / or the third electrical conductor and / or the electrical insulator are 3D printed.

50. The electrical transition according to any one of claims 33-49, wherein the electrical transition and / or the first electrical conductor and / or the electrical conductor and / or the electrical insulator comprise a photopolymer.

51. The electrical transition of any one of claims 37-50, further comprising a second conductor located on the electrical insulator.

52. A coaxial electrical transition comprising a re-compressible first electrical conductor and a re-compressible insulator.

53. A biaxial electrical transition comprising a re-compressible first electrical conductor, a re-compressible third electrical conductor, and a re-compressible insulator.

54. An electrical transition member compressible along a longitudinal axis, comprising an electrical conductor and means for rotating at least a portion of said electrical conductor about said longitudinal axis.

55. The electrical transition of claim 54, wherein the electrical transition comprises a cured polymer or a cured photopolymer.

Images