A method for controlling Basilepta melanopus Lefèvre by physical measures

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of oil tea planting, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling Basilepta melanopus Lefèvre by physical measures. A method for preventing and controlling Basilepta melanopus Lefèvre by physical measures includes the following steps: S1. During the period from November to December every year in the life cycle of the oil tea tree, loosen the soil with a depth of 1 cm in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm centered on the tree trunk at the root of each oil tea tree, and then evenly spread 0.75 - 1.0 kg of oil tea shell powder on the loosened soil around the root; S2. Turn the soil once during the period from February to March of the following year. This application provides an environmentally friendly, low-cost and effective physical measure for preventing and controlling Basilepta melanopus Lefèvre, and at the same time can improve the soil quality and enhance the quality of oil tea, with high practical value and promotion potential.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of oil tea planting, and particularly relates to a method for controlling Basilepta melanopas Lefèvre by physical measures. Background Art

[0002] The oil tea tree is the main woody oil tree species in the south of China. The tea oil extracted from the oil tea fruit is a pure natural green health care edible oil, with good flavor, high-quality oil, and high nutritional value.

[0003] Basilepta melanopas Lefèvre is a beetle belonging to the genus Basilepta in the family Chrysomelidae of Coleoptera. It harms the leaves of oil tea trees and is the main pest on middle-aged and old oil tea trees in the south in recent years, and sometimes breaks out into disasters. Since its adults bite the tender shoots and leaves of tea trees, the leaves are broken into irregular small holes, and the larvae bite the fibrous roots of tea trees in the soil. When the damage is serious, it causes early leaf fall, which has a greater impact on the tea yield and quality. Basilepta melanopas Lefèvre has the habit of falling to the ground and feigning death or hiding in the soil when frightened. General control methods are difficult to be effective, and chemical control affects the soil and the quality of oil tea, so it is not suitable to be used on oil tea. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method for controlling Basilepta melanopas Lefèvre by physical measures in view of the deficiencies of the current technology. This application uses the tea shells after processing the existing oil tea fruits, crushes them, and sieves them to obtain oil tea shell powder, which can well control Basilepta melanopas Lefèvre, control the growth of weeds, improve the quality of oil tea, loosen and improve the soil, with low cost and no environmental pollution. Especially when using composite oil tea shell powder, the effect is more ideal. The method of this application is simple to operate, low in cost, and good in effect, and is worthy of being vigorously promoted.

[0005] This application provides a method for controlling Basilepta melanopas Lefèvre by physical measures, adopting the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for controlling Basilepta melanopas Lefèvre by physical measures includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. During the life cycle of the oil tea tree, from November to December every year, loosen the soil with a depth of 1 cm in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm centered on the tree trunk at the root of each oil tea tree, and then evenly spread 0.75 - 1.0 kg of oil tea shell powder on the loosened soil around the root;

[0008] S2. Turn the soil once during February - March of the following year.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, in step S1, the laying of camellia shell powder can effectively prevent the invasion of Camellia angustata, and at the same time, it can also control the growth of weeds. The antibacterial substances contained in the camellia shell powder can improve the growth environment of camellia trees and enhance the quality of camellia. In addition, the camellia shell powder can also loosen the soil, improve the soil structure, and is beneficial to the growth of camellia trees. In step S2, turning the soil can make the camellia shell powder better mix with the soil and improve its effect. At the same time, turning the soil is also beneficial to soil ventilation and drainage, further improving the growth environment of camellia trees.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the method of turning the soil is: turning the soil with a depth of 1 cm in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm centered on the trunk at the root of each camellia tree.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the camellia shell powder is the tea shell after camellia fruit processing, and the tea shell is pulverized by a pulverizer and sieved through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the camellia shell powder.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solutions, the camellia shell powder has certain antibacterial and insecticidal effects, and can effectively prevent and control the occurrence and spread of Camellia angustata. Spreading the camellia shell powder evenly on the loosened soil around the roots can form a protective layer to prevent pests from invading the roots of camellia trees and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Components such as cellulose and lignin in the camellia shell powder have a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of weeds. Applying it to the soil surface can reduce the germination rate and growth rate of weed seeds, thereby reducing the number and density of weeds. The camellia shell powder is rich in organic substances and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and these elements have a positive impact on the growth and development of camellia trees. Applying it to the soil can improve soil fertility, promote the healthy growth of camellia trees, and then improve the quality of camellia. Components such as cellulose and lignin in the camellia shell powder can increase soil ventilation and water retention, and improve the soil structure. Applying it to the soil can make the soil more loose and breathable, which is beneficial to the respiration and nutrient absorption of the roots, and improve the soil fertility and productivity.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the camellia shell powder is a composite camellia shell powder, and the composite camellia shell powder is prepared by mixing camellia shell powder and insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder in a mass ratio of 100:2 - 3.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the camellia shell powder in the composite camellia shell powder can effectively attract and kill the tea leaf beetle, while the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder can further prevent its reproduction and spread. Different from other disposable chemical pesticides, the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder, as a metal-type and photocatalytic insecticide, has the property of persistent and stable insecticidal effect after being put into the soil. It can efficiently kill the tea leaf beetles that fall to the ground and feign death due to fright or hide in the soil without the need for re-application, greatly reducing the prevention and control cost. The combination of camellia shell powder and insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder makes the insecticidal effect more remarkable, especially for the tea leaf beetles that fall to the ground and feign death or hide in the soil. The camellia shell powder is processed from waste camellia fruits, with low cost and no environmental pollution. In addition, the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder also has the effect of retaining water and fertilizer. Its high surface area and porous nature enable it to effectively absorb the excess water in the soil, avoid the root rot problem caused by consecutive rainy seasons, and further reduce the incidence of root rot disease.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder includes the following steps:

[0016] S51. According to the mass parts, mix and stir the dilute nitric acid solution and 50-mesh montmorillonite powder for 1-2 h, filter and dry to obtain the modified montmorillonite powder;

[0017] S52. According to the mass parts, dissolve silver nitrate and copper nitrate in water respectively to obtain a mixed solution, then add the modified montmorillonite powder into the mixed solution, stir evenly, dropwise add phosphoric acid solution, and adjust the pH to 5-6 with ammonia water, stir and react for 8-10 h, filter, wash, dry, pulverize, and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, by mixing and stirring the dilute nitric acid solution with 50-mesh montmorillonite powder, the modified montmorillonite powder is obtained. This step may change the structure and properties of montmorillonite, making it more suitable as a carrier for insecticides. Subsequently, a mixed solution of silver nitrate and copper nitrate is added. These two metal ions have the functions of sterilization and insecticidal. Under the action of phosphoric acid solution, these metal ions may form stable complexes with montmorillonite, thus endowing the montmorillonite powder with persistent insecticidal performance. Montmorillonite itself has good water retention and fertilizer retention properties, and can effectively absorb the excess water in the soil, avoiding the root rot problem caused by consecutive rainy seasons. In addition, its high surface area and porous nature also help to improve the soil structure, enhance the air permeability and water retention of the soil. An efficient insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder can be prepared through simple steps without complex equipment and technical requirements. To sum up, the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder plays multiple roles in this application, including efficient insecticidal, water retention and fertilizer retention, cost reduction, environmental protection, and improvement of soil quality, etc. These roles cooperate with each other to jointly improve the efficiency and sustainability of camellia planting.

[0019] Preferably, in step S51, the mass ratio of the dilute nitric acid solution to the 50-mesh montmorillonite powder is 8:3, and the mass concentration of the dilute nitric acid solution is 6-8%.

[0020] Preferably, in step S52, the mass ratio of the silver nitrate, copper nitrate and water is 1:8:800.

[0021] Preferably, in step S52, the mass ratio of the modified montmorillonite powder, the mixed solution and the phosphoric acid solution is 100:200:3.

[0022] Preferably, the mass concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 5-8%.

[0023] Preferably, the method further comprises: spreading a red and yellow film coated with adhesive under the tea tree in the morning and evening when the tea tree is in full bloom from late April to mid-May each year, and then shaking the tea tree or tapping the tree crown with a small bamboo pole, so that the adults will fall onto the film and then be eliminated in a concentrated manner.

[0024] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this application are:

[0025] 1. Effectively prevent and control tea leaf beetles: By loosening the soil around the roots of the tea oil trees and spreading compound tea oil shell powder, you can effectively prevent and control tea leaf beetles and reduce damage to the tea oil trees.

[0026] 2. Control the growth of weeds: The insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder in the composite oil-tea shell powder has a long-lasting and stable insecticidal performance, and can effectively kill the tea leaf beetles that fall to the ground in suspended animation or hide in the soil due to fright, thereby controlling the growth of weeds.

[0027] 3. Improve the quality of camellia oil: The insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder in the composite camellia oil shell powder has the effect of retaining water and fertilizer. Its high surface area and porous properties enable it to effectively absorb excess water in the soil, avoiding root rot caused by continuous rainy seasons, and further reducing the incidence of root rot, thereby improving the quality of camellia oil.

[0028] 4. Loosen and improve the soil: The insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder in the composite camellia oil shell powder has the effect of loosening and improving the soil, which can increase the soil's air permeability and permeability, and promote the growth and development of the root system.

[0029] 5. Low cost and no pollution to the environment: The method of the present application utilizes the tea shells processed from existing oil-tea camellia fruits, and crushes and sieves them to obtain oil-tea camellia shell powder, which is then compounded with insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder for use. This method is not only low in cost, but also does not cause pollution to the environment.

[0030] 6. Simple operation and good effect: The method of this application is easy to operate. It only requires loosening the soil and spreading the compound camellia shell powder evenly once during November - December each year, and then turning the soil once during February - March of the following year. Meanwhile, the effect of this method is very good and worthy of being widely promoted. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] The following will describe the implementation scheme of this application in detail in combination with embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate this application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of this application. For those conditions not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. For the reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained by purchasing in the market.

[0032] In the following examples and preparation examples, 1 part represents 1 kg.

[0033] Preparation Example 1 Preparation of camellia shell powder

[0034] The camellia shell powder is the tea shell after processing camellia fruits, and the tea shell is pulverized with a pulverizer and passed through a 50 - mesh sieve to obtain the camellia shell powder.

[0035] Preparation Example 2 Preparation of insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder

[0036] The preparation method of the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder includes the following steps:

[0037] S51. According to the mass parts, 800 parts of dilute nitric acid solution with a mass concentration of 7% and 300 parts of 50 - mesh montmorillonite powder are mixed and stirred for 1.5 h, filtered and dried to obtain the modified montmorillonite powder;

[0038] S52. According to the mass parts, 1 part of silver nitrate and 8 parts of copper nitrate are respectively dissolved in 800 parts of water to obtain a mixed solution. Then 100 parts of the modified montmorillonite powder are added to 200 parts of the mixed solution, stirred evenly, 3 parts of phosphoric acid solution with a mass concentration of 6% are added dropwise, and the pH is adjusted to 5.5 with ammonia water, stirred and reacted for 9 h, filtered, washed, dried, pulverized, and passed through a 50 - mesh sieve to obtain the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A method for preventing and controlling Camellia semiserrata leaf beetle by physical measures includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. During the life cycle of the camellia tree, on November 10, 2023, around the root of each camellia tree, in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm centered on the tree trunk, the soil is loosened to a depth of 1 cm, and then 0.75 kg of camellia shell powder is evenly spread on the loosened soil around the root;

[0042] S2. On February 15, 2024, turn the soil once with a hoe. The method of turning the soil with a hoe is as follows: At the root of each camellia oleifera tree, with the tree trunk as the center, turn the soil with a depth of 1 cm in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A method for preventing and controlling Camellia leaf beetle by physical measures, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. During the life cycle of the camellia oleifera tree, on November 20, 2023, loosen the soil with a depth of 1 cm in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm centered on the tree trunk at the root of each camellia oleifera tree, and then evenly spread 1.0 kg of camellia shell powder on the loosened soil around the root;

[0046] S2. On February 15, 2024, turn the soil once with a hoe. The method of turning the soil with a hoe is as follows: At the root of each camellia oleifera tree, with the tree trunk as the center, turn the soil with a depth of 1 cm in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A method for preventing and controlling Camellia leaf beetle by physical measures, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1. During the life cycle of the camellia oleifera tree, on November 30, 2023, loosen the soil with a depth of 1 cm in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm centered on the tree trunk at the root of each camellia oleifera tree, and then evenly spread 0.88 kg of camellia shell powder on the loosened soil around the root;

[0050] S2. On February 15, 2024, turn the soil once with a hoe. The method of turning the soil with a hoe is as follows: At the root of each camellia oleifera tree, with the tree trunk as the center, turn the soil with a depth of 1 cm in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] A method for preventing and controlling Camellia leaf beetle by physical measures, comprising the following steps:

[0053] S1. During the life cycle of the camellia oleifera tree, on November 20, 2023, loosen the soil with a depth of 1 cm in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm centered on the tree trunk at the root of each camellia oleifera tree, and then evenly spread 0.88 kg of camellia shell powder on the loosened soil around the root; The camellia shell powder is composite camellia shell powder, and the composite camellia shell powder is prepared by mixing camellia shell powder and insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder in a mass ratio of 100:2;

[0054] S2. On February 15, 2024, the soil was turned over once with a hoe. The method of turning over the soil with a hoe was as follows: turning over 1 cm deep soil in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm at the root of each tea oil tree with the trunk as the center.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] A method for preventing and controlling camellia hornbeams by physical measures comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1. During the life cycle of the tea tree, on November 20, 2023, loosen the soil 1 cm deep in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm at the root of each tea tree with the trunk as the center, and then evenly spread 0.88 kg of tea shell powder on the loosened soil around the root; the tea shell powder is a composite tea shell powder, which is prepared by mixing tea shell powder and insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder in a mass ratio of 100:3;

[0058] S2. On February 15, 2024, the soil was turned over once with a hoe. The method of turning over the soil with a hoe was as follows: turning over 1 cm deep soil in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm at the root of each tea oil tree with the trunk as the center.

[0059] Example 6

[0060] A method for preventing and controlling camellia hornbeams by physical measures comprises the following steps:

[0061] S1. During the life cycle of the tea tree, on November 20, 2023, loosen the soil 1 cm deep in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm at the root of each tea tree with the trunk as the center, and then evenly spread 0.88 kg of tea shell powder on the loosened soil around the root; the tea shell powder is a composite tea shell powder, which is prepared by mixing tea shell powder and insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder in a mass ratio of 100:3;

[0062] S2. On February 15, 2024, the soil was turned over once with a hoe. The method of turning over the soil with a hoe was as follows: turning over 1 cm deep soil in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm at the root of each tea oil tree with the trunk as the center.

[0063] S3. On May 10, 2024, during the morning and evening when the adult tea leaf beetles are at their peak, spread a red and yellow film coated with adhesive under the tea trees, then tap the tree crowns lightly with a small bamboo pole. The adults will fall onto the film and can then be eliminated in a centralized manner.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] The same as Example 3, except that in step S1, 0.5 kg of camellia oleifera shell powder is then evenly spread on the loosened soil around the roots.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] It is the same as Example 3, except that in step S1, then 0.25 kg of camellia shell powder is evenly spread on the loosened soil around the roots.

[0068] Comparative Example 3

[0069] It is the same as Example 3, except that in step S1, then 0 kg of camellia shell powder is evenly spread on the loosened soil around the roots.

[0070] Implementation effect:

[0071] The methods of Examples 1 - 6 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3 were tested in the test area. Taking 10 - year - old camellia trees as the test objects, the test area was divided into 9 plots, and 20 camellia trees were selected in each plot. The new leaf damage rate and the proportion of weed coverage area were used as the evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1 Implementation effect

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Analyzing the data in Table 1, it can be seen that:

[0076] 1) For the method of preventing and controlling Camellia angustata by physical measures in Examples 1 - 6, using the tea shells after processing existing camellia fruits, crushing and sieving to obtain camellia shell powder, it can well prevent and control Camellia angustata, control the growth of weeds, improve the quality of camellia, loosen and improve the soil, with low cost and no environmental pollution. Especially when using composite camellia shell powder, the effect is more ideal.

[0077] 2) By comparing and analyzing the implementation effects of the methods of preventing and controlling Camellia angustata by physical measures in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3, it shows that when the amount of camellia shell powder is very small, it cannot prevent and control Camellia angustata and control the growth of weeds.

[0078] 3) Comparative analysis of the implementation effects of the physical control methods for Camellia semiserrata leaf beetle prepared by combining Examples 1 - 3 and Examples 4 - 5 shows that the camellia shell powder is a composite camellia shell powder, which is prepared by mixing camellia shell powder and insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder in a mass ratio of 100:2 - 3. The camellia shell powder in the composite camellia shell powder can effectively attract and kill Camellia semiserrata leaf beetle, while the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder can further prevent its reproduction and spread. Different from other disposable chemical pesticides, the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder, as a metal-type and photocatalytic insecticide, has the property of persistent and stable insecticidal effect after being put into the soil. It can efficiently kill Camellia semiserrata leaf beetle that feigns death by falling to the ground or hides in the soil due to being frightened, without the need for re-application, greatly reducing the prevention and control cost. In addition, the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder also has the effect of retaining water and fertilizer. Its high surface area and porous properties enable it to effectively absorb the excess water in the soil, avoiding the root rot problem caused by consecutive rainy seasons and further reducing the incidence of root rot disease.

[0079] The above embodiments are only used to explain and illustrate the technical solutions of the present application rather than to limit them. Although the above embodiments have specifically described the present application, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific implementation manners of the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced. Any modification and equivalent replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling Basilepta melanopus Lefèvre by physical measures, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1. During the life cycle of the tea tree, from November to December each year, loosen the soil 1 cm deep in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm at the root of each tea tree with the trunk as the center, and then evenly spread 0.75-1.0 kg of tea shell powder on the loosened soil around the root; the tea shell powder is a composite tea shell powder, which is prepared by mixing tea shell powder and insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder in a mass ratio of 100:2-3; S2. During February and March of the following year, the soil is turned over once; the method of turning over the soil is as follows: turning over 1 cm deep soil in a circular area with a radius of 50 cm at the root of each tea tree with the trunk as the center; The preparation method of the insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder comprises the following steps: S51, according to the mass fractions, mixing the dilute nitric acid solution and the 50-mesh montmorillonite powder for 1-2 hours, filtering and drying to obtain modified montmorillonite powder; the mass fraction ratio of the dilute nitric acid solution to the 50-mesh montmorillonite powder is 8:3, and the mass concentration of the dilute nitric acid solution is 6-8%; S52. Dissolve silver nitrate and copper nitrate in water respectively according to their mass fractions, wherein the mass fraction ratio of the silver nitrate, copper nitrate and water is 1:8:800; obtain a mixed solution, add the modified montmorillonite powder to the mixed solution, stir evenly, dropwise add a phosphoric acid solution, and adjust the pH to 5-6 with ammonia water, stir the reaction for 8-10 hours, filter, wash, dry, crush, and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain insecticidal and antibacterial montmorillonite powder; wherein the mass fraction ratio of the modified montmorillonite powder, the mixed solution and the phosphoric acid solution is 100:200:3; the mass concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 5-8%.

2. The method for preventing and controlling Basilepta melanopus Lefèvre by physical measures according to claim 1, wherein, Also includes: From the end of April to mid-May every year, in the morning and evening when the adult tea leaf beetles are at their peak, a red and yellow film coated with adhesive is spread under the tea oil tree. Then, shake the tea oil tree or tap the tree crown with a small bamboo pole. The adult insects will fall onto the film and can then be eliminated in a concentrated manner.

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