A method for increasing the fat content of milk from lactating horses

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, and discloses a feeding method for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey. The feeding method for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey comprises the following steps: feeding lactating donkey with a special feeding stuff for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey with specific nutrient level and nutrient substance ratio; wherein the nutrient level of the feeding stuff for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey is: 12±0.5 MJ / kg of digestible energy, 120±6 g / kg of crude protein, and 60±5 g / kg of crude fat content; and the nutrient substance ratio is: (50-60):(40-50) of crude protein ratio, and 2.2±0.2 of NDF / NFC. The feeding method for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey provided by the present application can promote the synthesis of milk fat of lactating donkey and increase the milk fat rate of lactating donkey by combining the increase of lipid and NDF in the feeding stuff under the condition of appropriate protein level of the feeding stuff.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a feeding method for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey. BACKGROUND

[0002] Donkey milk has the characteristics of low cholesterol, low fat, high unsaturated fatty acid and high whey protein, has high nutritional value and medicinal value of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant; the nutritional components of donkey milk are extremely similar to those of breast milk, so donkey milk is considered as the best substitute for breast milk.

[0003] Milk fat is an important indicator for measuring milk quality, and the milk fat content of donkey milk is low and variable (0.3%~1.8%) compared with other milk animals, so it is difficult to maintain the fat content of dairy products stable when donkey milk is processed into dairy products, thereby causing changes in the taste of dairy products and a decrease in the sales of commercial donkey milk; therefore, it is of great significance to the development of donkey milk industry to improve the milk fat rate of donkey milk by reasonable means.

[0004] Donkey mammary epithelial cells are the main site of milk fat synthesis, and donkey milk fat is mainly composed of triglycerides, accounting for more than 90%; the main component of triglycerides, fatty acids (FA), has two sources in donkey mammary glands: direct uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in blood and resynthesis of lipogenesis precursors (mainly acetate and butyrate); in the body of donkey, lipids and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) are chemically or enzymatically digested in the foregut, absorbed into the blood and absorbed by tissues, while fibrous carbohydrates (NDF) are fermented into volatile fatty acids (VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) in the hindgut, transported to the blood and utilized by organs and tissues such as mammary glands.

[0005] The factors affecting the synthesis of donkey milk fat mainly include genetics, management, environment, season, physiology and feed, in addition to genetic factors, the feed factor is the most important factor affecting the synthesis of donkey milk fat, the feed includes various nutrients such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, these nutrients will affect the generation of long-chain fatty acids in blood and lipogenesis precursors in donkey body, thereby affecting the synthesis of milk fat in donkey mammary glands, therefore, reasonable adjustment of the nutritional components of the feed is expected to increase the milk fat rate of donkey milk. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a feeding method for increasing the milk fat rate of lactating donkey, which combines the increase of lipid and NDF in the feed under the condition of appropriate protein level in the feed, promotes the synthesis of milk fat of lactating donkey, and realizes the increase of milk fat rate of lactating donkey.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0008] A feeding method for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Feeding the lactating donkey with a feeding formula for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey with specific nutrient level and nutrient substance ratio.

[0010] Further, the nutrient level of the feeding formula for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey is: 12±0.5 MJ / kg of digestible energy, 120±6 g / kg of crude protein and 60±5 g / kg of crude fat.

[0011] Further, the nutrient substance ratio of the feeding formula for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey is: 50-60:40-50 of crude protein ratio, 2.2±0.2 of NDF / NFC (fibrous carbohydrate / non-fibrous carbohydrate).

[0012] Further, the feeding formula for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey is of plant source, and the type is not limited, and the non-toxic and harmless feed meeting the requirements of relevant laws and regulations can be used.

[0013] Preferably, the feeding formula for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey comprises corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, plant fat powder and premix.

[0014] Preferably, the feeding formula for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey comprises wheat straw, alfalfa and corn silage.

[0015] Further, the total feeding amount per day is 3.5%±0.5% of the body weight of the lactating donkey.

[0016] Further, the feeding is performed 2-3 times per day, and the single feeding amount is distributed according to the total feeding amount per day.

[0017] Further, the feeding method is coarse first, fine second, fine first, coarse second or total mixed feeding.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the feeding method for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The feeding method for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey provided by the application can increase the 24h estimated milk production to 4.0 kg / d, the milk fat rate to 4.0 g / kg, and the milk fat rate by more than 10%;

[0020] The feeding method for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey provided by the application can increase the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk fat, improve the quality of donkey milk, and be beneficial to the health of consumers;

[0021] The feeding method for increasing milk fat rate of lactating donkey provided by the application has no obvious influence on the milk protein, non-fat solids and lactose content in donkey milk, and does not reduce the quality of donkey milk;

[0022] The feeding method for increasing the milk fat rate of lactating donkey provided by the present application can increase the apparent digestibility of crude fat and neutral detergent fiber of lactating donkey without affecting the apparent digestibility of other nutrients, promote the digestion of crude fat and neutral detergent fiber in the feed, and improve the overall feed utilization;

[0023] The present application combines the schemes of increasing the lipid and NDF in the feed, under the condition of proper protein level in the feed, by changing the content of lipid and carbohydrate in the nutritional ingredients, directly regulating the lipid or indirectly regulating the carbohydrate through hindgut fermentation, to promote the synthesis of milk fat of lactating donkey, and realize the increase of the milk fat rate of lactating donkey. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the present application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the terms described in the present application are only for describing the particular embodiments, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0025] In addition, for the numerical range in the present application, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or stated range of values and any other stated value or stated range of values within the stated range is also included in the present application. The upper limit and the lower limit of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application, the preferred methods and materials are described. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the documents are cited. In case of conflict between the content of the specification and that of any document incorporated herein by reference, the content of the specification prevails.

[0027] Various modifications and changes can be made to the specific implementation of the present application described in the specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other implementations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application. The specification and examples are illustrative only.

[0028] As used herein, the terms "comprise", "comprising", "including", "include", "contain", "containing", "have", "having" or variants thereof are open-ended, and include the stated integer or group, but also permit the addition of further integers or groups not otherwise specified.

[0029] In the following examples and comparative examples, the raw materials used are commercially available.

[0030] In the following embodiment, a feeding method for increasing the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys includes the following steps: feeding lactating donkeys with a lactating donkey milk fat rate increasing feedstuff with specific nutrient levels and nutrient substance ratios;

[0031] The nutrient levels of the lactating donkey milk fat rate increasing feedstuff are as follows: digestible energy 12±0.5 MJ / kg, crude protein 120±6 g / kg, and crude fat 60±5 g / kg.

[0032] The nutrient substance ratios of the lactating donkey milk fat rate increasing feedstuff are as follows: crude protein to crude fat (50-60):(40-50) and NDF / NFC (fibrous carbohydrate / non-fibrous carbohydrate) 2.2±0.2.

[0033] The feedstuff for increasing the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys is of plant origin and includes various types of non-toxic and harmless feedstuff that meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations.

[0034] The concentrate includes corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, plant fat powder, and premix.

[0035] The roughage includes common roughage such as wheat straw, alfalfa, and corn silage.

[0036] Those skilled in the art can prepare the feedstuff according to actual conditions, as long as the specific nutrient levels and nutrient substance ratios are met.

[0037] The total daily feeding amount is 3.5%±0.5% of the body weight of the lactating donkey.

[0038] The feeding frequency is 2-3 times per day, and the single feeding amount is equally distributed according to the total daily feeding amount.

[0039] The feeding method is roughage first, concentrate second, concentrate first, roughage second, or total mixed feeding.

[0040] Embodiment

[0041] Preparation of the lactating donkey milk fat rate increasing feedstuff

[0042] The roughage (including wheat straw and corn silage) and the concentrate (including corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, defective jujube, plant fat powder (palm oil), and premix) are mixed according to the feedstuff composition described in Table 1 to obtain the lactating donkey milk fat rate increasing feedstuff I, with a crude protein to crude fat ratio of 54.5:45.5.

[0043] Table 1: Feedstuff composition

[0044]

[0045] The nutritional level of the lactation horse feed prepared in the example for increasing milk fat rate was detected, and the detection results are shown in Table 2.

[0046] Table 2 Nutritional level of feed

[0047]

[0048] The fatty acid content of the lactation horse feed prepared in the example for increasing milk fat rate was detected, and the detection results are shown in Table 3.

[0049] Table 3 Fatty acid content of feed

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Comparative example

[0053] Preparation of feed

[0054] According to the feed composition recorded in Table 4, the roughage (including wheat straw, alfalfa, corn silage) and concentrate (including corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, defective jujube, vegetable fat powder (palm oil), premix) were mixed respectively to obtain feed III and V, and the ratio of roughage to concentrate was 47:53 and 29:71 respectively.

[0055] Table 4 Feed composition

[0056]

[0057] The nutritional level of the feed III and V prepared in the comparative example was detected, and the detection results are shown in Table 5.

[0058] Table 5 Nutritional level of feed

[0059]

[0060] The fatty acid content of the feed III and V prepared in the comparative example was detected, and the detection results are shown in Table 6.

[0061] Table 6 Fatty acid content of feed

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Effect verification

[0065] 1. Selection and grouping of test lactation horses

[0066] Select age 5±2 years, weight 200±50 kg, parity ≥2 times, lactation days 30±5 days of 24 lactating mares, and randomly divided into 3 groups, 8 in each group;

[0067] 2. Experimental feeding

[0068] The same group of lactating mares needs to be housed in the same stall, and single horses are tied and fed. During the day (08:00-20:00), the foals are separated from the lactating mares, and at night (20:00-08:00 the next day), the foals are mixed with the lactating mares to maintain the lactating mares' ability to continue lactation.

[0069] During the experiment, the daily feeding time is 08:00 and 18:00, and the total daily feeding amount is 3.75% of the body weight of the lactating mares. The single feeding amount is allocated according to the total daily feeding amount, and the coarse is fed first and then the fine (the coarse is fed first and then the fine), and the water is free;

[0070] Group I: feeding the lactating mare milk fat rate improving feed I prepared by the example;

[0071] Group III: feeding feed III prepared by the comparative example;

[0072] Group V: feeding feed V prepared by the comparative example;

[0073] 3. Intake

[0074] The experiment lasted for 8 weeks, and the remaining material was collected and weighed after morning feeding on the 0th day (1 day before the start of the experiment), the 30th day and the 56th day. The average intake (DMI) of 8 weeks was calculated according to the following formula, and the intake calculation results are shown in Table 7;

[0075] DMI = average feeding quality - average remaining material quality;

[0076] Table 7 Intake / kg

[0077]

[0078] From the data in Table 7, there is no significant difference in average intake between Group I, Group III and Group V (P>0.05);

[0079] Therefore, the digestible energy of the feed is controlled at 12±0.5 MJ / kg, the crude protein is controlled at 120±6 g / kg, the crude fat is controlled at 60±5 g / kg, the crude protein ratio is controlled at (50-60):(40-50), the NDF / NFC is controlled at 2.2±0.2, and the total daily feeding amount is controlled at 3.5%±0.5% of the body weight of the lactating mares, which does not affect the intake of the lactating mares.

[0080] 4. Body weight gain

[0081] The test lasted for 8 weeks, on the 0th day of the test (1 day before the test started) and the morning before feeding on the 56th day, the body weight of each group of lactating mares was measured, and the body weight gain (BWG) was calculated according to the following formula, and the results are shown in Table 8;

[0082] BWG = final body weight - initial body weight;

[0083] Table 8 Body weight gain / kg

[0084]

[0085] As can be seen from the data in Table 8, there is no significant difference in body weight gain among the groups of lactating mares within 8 weeks of the test, but the value of group I is higher;

[0086] Therefore, by controlling the digestible energy of the feed to 12±0.5 MJ / kg, the crude protein to 120±6 g / kg, the crude fat to 60±5 g / kg, the crude protein ratio to (50-60):(40-50), the NDF / NFC to 2.2±0.2, and the total daily feeding amount to 3.5%±0.5% of the body weight of the lactating mares, the body weight of the lactating mares can be improved.

[0087] 5. Apparent digestibility of each nutrient in the feed

[0088] For the last 7 days of the test, feces were collected from the rectum twice a day at 9:00 and 16:00, with each collection not less than 50g, and the collected feces were added with 10% dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 10% according to 10% of the weight, and then stored in a refrigerator at -20°C for standby;

[0089] According to the detection methods recorded in "Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Detection Technology" (Zhang Liying, ed.), the crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the feed and feces of different groups were determined and the apparent digestibility of each nutrient was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 9;

[0090] Table 9 Apparent digestibility of nutrients

[0091]

[0092] As can be seen from the data in Table 9, the EE digestibility of groups I and III is significantly higher than that of group V (P<0.05); the NDF digestibility of group I is significantly higher than that of group V (P<0.05); there is no significant difference in CP digestibility and ADF digestibility among the groups;

[0093] Therefore, the digestible energy of the feed is controlled at 12±0.5 MJ / kg, the crude protein is controlled at 120±6 g / kg, the crude fat is controlled at 60±5 g / kg, the crude protein ratio is controlled at (50-60):(40-50), the NDF / NFC is controlled at 2.2±0.2, and the total feeding amount per day is controlled at 3.5%±0.5% of the body weight of the lactating pony, so that the apparent digestibility of EE and NDF nutritional components of the lactating pony can be effectively improved without affecting the CP and ADF digestibility.

[0094] 6. Milk production performance

[0095] On the 0th day of the experiment (1 day before the start of the experiment) and on the 1st day of each week during the 8-week experiment, the lactating pony and the pony foal were separated at 08:00, and the first milking was performed at 12:00 using a HL-G1 pulsating milking machine, the single head was tied and isolated, the second milking was performed at 16:00 using a HL-G1 pulsating milking machine, and the actual milk yield was obtained by weighing, the 24h estimated milk yield was calculated according to the following formula, and the calculation results are shown in Table 10, taking the average of 9 measurement results;

[0096] The milk yield described below is the 24h estimated milk yield unless otherwise specified;

[0097] 24h estimated milk yield [kg / (d·head)] = actual milk yield / isolation time x 24h;

[0098] 25mL of the pony milk obtained by the first and second milking was mixed in a centrifuge tube and stored at 4°C, and the milk component content was determined on the day of milking using a corrected UL80BC-11 milk component analyzer, the milk components included milk fat, milk protein, non-fat solids, lactose, and milk ash content, and the milk component content determination results are shown in Table 10;

[0099] Table 10 Milk production performance

[0100]

[0101] As shown in Table 10, the daily milk yield of Group I, Group III and Group V was 4.10-4.33 kg; the milk fat content of Group I was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P<0.05); the milk protein content and non-fat solid content of Group III were the highest and significantly higher than those of Group V (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference with Group I; the lactose content of Group III was the highest, which was significantly improved compared with Groups I and V (P<0.05), and the lactose content of Group I was significantly higher than that of Group V (P<0.05);

[0102] Therefore, the digestible energy of the feed is controlled at 12±0.5 MJ / kg, the crude protein is controlled at 120±6 g / kg, the crude fat is controlled at 60±5 g / kg, the crude protein ratio is controlled at (50-60):(40-50), the NDF / NFC is controlled at 2.2±0.2, and the total feeding amount per day is controlled at 3.5%±0.5% of the body weight of the lactating pony, which can effectively increase the milk fat content of the lactating pony and has no obvious influence on the milk protein, non-fat solid and lactose contents.

[0103] 7. Fat acid content in milk

[0104] On the 50th day of the experiment, the lactating pony and the pony foal were separated at 08:00, the first milking was performed at 12:00 by using the HL-G1 pulsating milking machine, single head tethering isolation, the second milking was performed at 16:00 by using the HL-G1 pulsating milking machine, 25 mL of the pony milk obtained by the first and second milking of the I, III and IV groups was taken into centrifuge tubes, mixed, and stored at-20℃, and the fat acid content in the milk was detected, and the detection results are shown in Tables 11-13;

[0105] Table 11. Saturated fat acid content

[0106]

[0107] It can be known from the data in Table 11 that the saturated fat acids with significant differences among the three groups are only C6:0 and C17:0, wherein the C6:0 of the I group is significantly higher than that of the III group (P<0.05), and the C17:0 content in the V group is the highest and significantly higher than that of the III group (P<0.05);

[0108] Table 7. Unsaturated fat acid

[0109]

[0110] It can be known from Table 7 that the unsaturated fat acids with significant differences among the three groups are C18:1n9 trans, C20:1, C18:2n6 trans, C18:2n6 cis and C18:3n3; wherein the C18:3n3 content of the I group is the highest and significantly higher than that of the III group (P<0.05), the C18:2n6 cis content is the highest in the I group and significantly higher than those of the III group and the V group (P<0.05), the C20:1, C18:2n6 trans and C18:1n9 trans contents are the highest in the V group and significantly higher than those of the I group and the III group (P<0.05);

[0111] Table 8. Different types of fat acids

[0112]

[0113] As shown in Table 8, from the FA type, the MUFA content of Group V was significantly higher than that of Group I and Group III (P<0.05), however, the PUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA and PUFA / SFA contents of Group I were significantly higher than those of Group V (P<0.05), and the rest of the indexes had no significant difference.

[0114] Therefore, the digestible energy of the feed is controlled at 12±0.5 MJ / kg, the crude protein is controlled at 120±6 g / kg, the crude fat is controlled at 60±5 g / kg, the crude protein ratio is controlled at (50-60):(40-50), the NDF / NFC is controlled at 2.2±0.2, and the total feeding amount per day is controlled at 3.5%±0.5% of the body weight of the lactating donkey, which can increase the PUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA and PUFA / SFA in the donkey milk, and is beneficial to improve the quality of the donkey milk and the health of the consumers.

[0115] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: the specific embodiments of the present application can still be modified or replaced by the equivalent, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, any modification or equivalent replacement, which should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for raising donkeys to increase milk fat content, characterized in that: The feeding method for improving the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys comprises the following steps: feeding the lactating donkeys with a feed having a specific nutritional level and a nutrient ratio that improves the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys; The nutritional level of the feed for improving the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys is: digestible energy 12±0.5MJ / kg, crude protein 120±6g / kg, crude fat 60±5g / kg; The nutrient ratio of the feed for improving the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys is: crude to fine ratio (50-60): (40-50), and fibrous carbohydrates / non-fibrous carbohydrates 2.2±0.

2.

2. A feeding method for improving the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentrate and coarse materials in the feed for improving the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys are both raw materials of plant origin.

3. A feeding method for improving the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total daily feeding amount of the feeding was 3.5% ± 0.5% of the body weight of the lactating donkey.

4. A feeding method for improving the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding frequency is 2 to 3 times per day, and the single feeding amount is distributed in equal amounts according to the total daily feeding amount.

5. A feeding method for improving the milk fat rate of lactating donkeys according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding method is coarse feeding first and fine feeding later, fine feeding first and coarse feeding later or full mixed feeding.

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