Composition and method for cultivating seed stems of picrorhiza scrophulariiflora and raising seedlings by cutting

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a picrorhiza scrophulariaceae seed stem cultivation and cutting seedling raising composition and method, and the composition is composed of naphthylacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, hymexazol, carbendazim wettable powder and a water medium; in the cultivation process of the picrorhiza scrophulariiflora seed stems, the thick and strong degree of the picrorhiza scrophulariiflora seed stems is reduced and the branch number and the branch length of overground stems are increased through fertilizer and water regulation, so that more propagation materials are obtained; then cutting the seed stem into small sections of 3-5cm so as to increase the propagation coefficient to a greater extent; meanwhile, a formula and method for seed soaking (graded seed soaking) and seedling stage water and fertilizer management are established, and the rooting rate and the seedling rate are increased; compared with traditional division propagation, the propagation coefficient of the picrorhiza seedling cultivated by the method is increased from 1: 5 to 1: 30-50 and is increased by more than 6 times.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a composition and method for cultivating picrorhizome seed stems and cutting seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Rhizoma Picrorhizoma is a Chinese herbal medicine variety included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, growing in plateau areas at an altitude of 3200-4500m. Due to the special habitat and over-exploitation, wild Rhizoma Picrorhizoma resources are extremely endangered and are listed in the national second-level protected wild plant list. It is urgent to develop artificial planting to ensure the safe supply of Rhizoma Picrorhizoma medicinal materials. Seedlings are the premise and key to artificial planting. At present, Rhizoma Picrorhizoma mainly adopts tissue culture and division propagation to produce seedlings in production. Tissue culture seedlings have high requirements for facilities, equipment and technical personnel, long production cycle, high production cost, and are difficult to promote and apply on a large scale. Rhizoma Picrorhizoma division propagation uses rhizomes as propagation materials, has a low propagation coefficient, a large amount of seeds, and consumes a large amount of rhizomes. The medicinal part of Rhizoma Picrorhizoma is also rhizomes. In the current situation where the supply of medicinal materials is already in short supply, the seed stems used for seedling cultivation are difficult to obtain and the cost is high. In view of the bottleneck of the current breeding of Rhizoma Picrorhizoma seedlings, the present invention discloses a stem segment cutting technology. Conventional cultivation of Picrorhizoma Coptidis is to cultivate rhizomes to be strong and large in order to improve the commodity grade and quality. Rhizomes used for cutting propagation do not need to be strong and large, but more and longer. The rhizomes used for cutting propagation cultivated by the method of cultivating commercial medicinal materials use a large amount of seeds, resulting in great waste. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a composition, an immersion solution, and a method for cultivating and planting Picrorhizoma rhizomes, so as to solve the problem that the rhizomes for cutting propagation cultivated by the method of cultivating commercial medicinal materials use a large amount of seeds, resulting in great waste.

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a composition for preparing an immersion liquid, which can greatly improve the rooting rate and seedling rate of Picrorhizoma Coptidis after soaking the immersion liquid prepared by the composition.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] The invention discloses a composition for preparing a soaking liquid, which is composed of naphthylacetic acid (NAA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), oxadipate, carbendazim wettable powder and an aqueous medium.

[0007] Wherein, the concentration of carbendazim wettable powder is preferably 50%.

[0008] Preferably, the composition consists of 80-120 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 140-160 parts of indoleacetic acid, 90-110 parts of oxadiazon, 1400-1600 parts of carbendazim wettable powder and 900,000-1,100,000 parts of aqueous medium by weight.

[0009] Preferably, the composition consists of 100 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 150 parts of indoleacetic acid, 100 parts of oxadiazine, 1500 parts of carbendazim wettable powder and 1,000,000 parts of aqueous medium by weight.

[0010] The second object of the present invention is to provide a soaking liquid, which is used for soaking the Picrorhizoma Coptidis seed stems, and the rooting rate and seedling rate of the Picrorhizoma Coptidis seed stems after soaking are significantly improved.

[0011] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0012] A soaking liquid is prepared from the combination group as described above.

[0013] The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Picrorhizoma serrata seed stems, which can reduce its robustness and increase the number of branches and length of the aboveground stems through fertilizer and water regulation, thereby obtaining more propagation materials. Then the seed stems are cut into small sections of 3-5 cm to increase the propagation coefficient to a greater extent. At the same time, a formula and method for seed soaking (graded seed soaking) and water and fertilizer management in the seedling stage are established to improve the rooting rate and seedling rate.

[0014] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0015] A method for cultivating Picrorhizoma picrorhizoma seed stems, the method comprising:

[0016] Cutting seedlings, tissue culture seedlings or seedlings are used, unpacked and planted in the first time period; after the seedlings survive and take root in the second time period, the first nutrient medium is applied, and the top buds of the plants are removed at the same time, so that the stems have more side branches;

[0017] In the third period, the second nutrient medium is applied, and the terminal buds of the side branches are removed at the same time, so that secondary side branches can sprout again on the side branches;

[0018] In the fourth time period, the plants are dug up;

[0019] The plant is cut to obtain a plurality of seed stems, and the seed stems are soaked in the soaking liquid as described above and then air-dried; wherein the seed stems contain at least three or more stem nodes.

[0020] Preferably, the first nutrient medium consists of 15 kg / mu urea, 60 kg / mu superphosphate, 4 kg / mu mineral potassium humate, and 15 kg / mu potassium sulfate.

[0021] Preferably, the second nutrient medium consists of 30 kg / mu urea, 80 kg / mu superphosphate, 6 kg / mu mineral potassium humate, and 10 kg / mu potassium sulfate.

[0022] Preferably, the first time period is April to May of the planting year, the second time period is June to July of the planting year; the third time period is April to May of the year after planting; and the fourth time period is April to May of the year after planting.

[0023] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting Picrorhizoma Picrorhizoma to cultivate Picrorhizoma seedlings. Compared with traditional division propagation, the propagation coefficient is increased from 1:5 to 1:30-50, which is increased by more than 6 times.

[0024] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0025] A method for planting Picrorhizoma Picrorhizoma, comprising:

[0026] Setting a seedbed and forming ridges on the seedbed; wherein the seedbed matrix used in the seedbed is composed of sandy loam, humus, coconut bran and quicklime;

[0027] A groove is opened on the ridge, wherein the groove wall is an inclined surface, and the seed stems obtained by the above method are inserted into the groove, wherein the lower end of the stem segment of the seed stem does not touch the bottom of the groove, and the soil is covered, and the stem segments with buds and leaves retain the buds and leaves outside the soil surface, and the top of the stem segments without buds and leaves is exposed to the soil surface, and water is poured thoroughly;

[0028] Water the seed stems in the grooves to keep the soil moisture content at 50%-70% at the bottom of the stems. After the stems grow new leaves, apply high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer once and spray with high-efficiency cypermethrin insecticide. At the first set time, apply balanced macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer once;

[0029] Transplanting.

[0030] Preferably, transplanting is performed when there are more than 5-8 new leaves and the seedling height is 5-10 cm.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention reduces the thickness of the stem and increases the number of branches and length of the aboveground stem through fertilizer and water regulation, thereby obtaining more propagation materials. Then the seed stem is cut into small sections of 3-5 cm to increase the propagation coefficient to a greater extent. At the same time, a formula and method for seed soaking (graded seed soaking) and water and fertilizer management in the seedling stage are established to improve the rooting rate and seedling rate. Compared with traditional division propagation, the propagation coefficient of Picrorhizoma Coptidis seedlings cultivated by the present invention is increased from 1:5 to 1:30-50, which is increased by more than 6 times. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a seed stem cultivation process according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; wherein (a) is the cultivation effect of a certain local seed stem; and (b) is the cultivation effect of the entire seed stem.

[0034] Figure 2 The flowchart of the implementation of seed stem preparation according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; wherein: (a) the seed stem cutting process; (b) the seed stem obtained by cutting; and (c) the seed stem soaking process.

[0035] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a seed-stem cutting nursery and seedling formation according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) the stem segments after soaking and air-drying are neatly arranged in grooves with a spacing of 3-5 cm between plants; and (b) the seedling formation.

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of seedling transplanting according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of seedlings being transplanted; and (b) is a diagram of the planting process of seedlings being transplanted in the field. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following examples are only for better explanation of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the application in the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art can make non-essential improvements and adjustments to the implementation scheme according to the above content of the invention and apply them to other examples, which are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Example 1: Root cultivation

[0040] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cultivating picrorhizoma serrata seed roots, wherein the picrorhizoma serrata seed roots cultivated by the method are used for subsequent seed stem cultivation. The method for cultivating picrorhizoma serrata seed roots comprises the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Use cutting seedlings, tissue culture seedlings or seedlings, unpack at 1-1.2m in April-May, and plant at a spacing of 20*25cm. After the seedlings survive and take root in June-July, apply 15kg / mu urea (N, effective nitrogen content>46%), 60kg / mu superphosphate (P, effective phosphorus content>12%), 4kg / mu mineral source potassium humate (fulvic acid content>170mg / L, potassium oxide content>52%), and 15kg / mu potassium sulfate (potassium oxide content>52%), and remove the top buds of the plants to make the stems have more side branches.

[0042] Step 2: In April or May of the following spring, apply 30kg / mu urea (N, effective nitrogen content>46%), 80kg / mu superphosphate (effective phosphorus content>12%), 6kg / mu mineral potassium humate (H, humic acid content>170mg / L, potassium oxide content>52%), and 10kg / mu potassium sulfate (potassium oxide content>52%). At the same time, remove the apical buds of the side branches to allow secondary side branches to sprout again.

[0043] Step 3: In April or May of the third year, dig up the plants for use as cuttings and seedling materials.

[0044] Example 2: First year seed stem culture experiment

[0045] The main material for the cutting and seedling cultivation of Picrorhizoma Coptis chinensis is rhizomes. The higher the total amount of rhizomes of each Picrorhizoma Coptis chinensis mother plant (average length of lateral stems * total number of lateral stems), the more materials available for reproduction, the higher the reproduction coefficient, and the better the economic benefits. Fertility conditions are the main factors affecting the length and number of lateral stems of Picrorhizoma Coptis chinensis. In this embodiment, L9 (3 4 ) Orthogonal experiment was used to screen the optimal fertilizer formula for seed stem cultivation (first year).

[0046] Based on previous planting experience, four influencing factors were selected: A urea dosage (kg, effective nitrogen content>46%), B superphosphate dosage (kg, effective phosphorus content>12%), C potassium fulvic acid dosage (kg, humic acid>70%, fulvic acid>50%, potassium oxide content>12%), and D potassium sulfate (kg, potassium oxide content>52%). Three levels were set for each factor, and three levels were set for each factor. The factor and level design are detailed in Table 1. The experimental groups were arranged according to the orthogonal test table (Table 2), and each experimental group was repeated twice. The schematic diagram of the seed stem cultivation process is shown in Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 (a) shows the cultivation effect of a certain part of the seed stem, and (b) shows the cultivation effect of the entire seed stem.

[0047] Table 1 Factors and levels of orthogonal experiment

[0048]

[0049] Table 2 Orthogonal design table of fertilizer formula L9 (34) for Picrorhizoma Coptidis seed and stem cultivation (one year)

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Table 3 Analysis of variance of orthogonal test

[0053]

[0054] Note: P value < 0.05 indicates a significant difference, P value < 0.01 indicates an extremely significant difference

[0055] The experimental results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3. The order of factors affecting the average total branch length is A>B>C>D, that is, urea dosage>superphosphate dosage>potassium humate dosage>potassium sulfate dosage. The optimal level combination is A3B3C3D 2， That is, the amount of urea is 15kg / mu, the amount of superphosphate is 60kg / mu, the amount of potassium humate is 4kg / mu, and the amount of potassium sulfate is 15kg / mu.

[0056] Example 3: Second year seed stem cultivation

[0057] Select A urea dosage (kg, effective nitrogen content>46%), B superphosphate dosage (kg, effective phosphorus content>12%), C potassium fulvic acid dosage (kg, humic acid>70%, fulvic acid>50%, potassium oxide content>12%), D potassium sulfate (kg, potassium oxide content>52%) 4 influencing factors. Each factor is set to 3 levels, and the factor and level design are detailed in Table 4. Arrange the experimental groups according to the orthogonal test table (Table 5), and each experimental group is repeated twice.

[0058] Table 4 Factors and levels of orthogonal experiment

[0059]

[0060] Table 5 Orthogonal design table of fertilizer formula L9 (34) for Picrorhizoma Coptidis seed and stem cultivation (two years)

[0061]

[0062] Table 6 Analysis of variance of orthogonal test

[0063]

[0064] Note: P value < 0.05 indicates a significant difference, P value < 0.01 indicates an extremely significant difference

[0065] The experimental results are shown in Table 5 and Table 6. The order of factors affecting the average total branch length is A>B>D>C, that is, urea dosage>superphosphate dosage>potassium sulfate dosage>potassium humate dosage. The optimal level combination is A3B2D1C. 2， That is, the amount of urea is 15kg / mu, the amount of superphosphate is 80kg / mu, the amount of potassium humate is 6kg / mu, and the amount of potassium sulfate is 10kg / mu.

[0066] Embodiment 4:

[0067] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for raising seedlings by cutting of Picrorhizoma Coptidis, the method comprising the following steps:

[0068] S1. Seed stem preparation.

[0069] Wherein, step S1 specifically includes:

[0070] S11. Seed stem cutting: Dig up three-year-old healthy and disease-free plants with many branches and vigorous growth in April and May, and use scissors to cut the stems of each level into 3-5 cm small segments, each segment containing at least 3 stem nodes, collect the stem segments with buds and leaves and the stem segments without buds and leaves separately, and bundle them into 30-50 plants / bundles for later use. Make sure that the plant direction of each stem segment in each bundle remains consistent.

[0071] S12, soaking the stems: put the lower part of the bundled stems into the prepared soaking solution and soak for 5-10 minutes. The soaking solution ratio and soaking time are: NAA 100mg / L, IAA 150mg / L, benomyl 100mg / L, 1.5g / L50% carbendazim wettable powder, and the soaking time is 60 minutes. After soaking, place the seeds in a ventilated place for 30-60 minutes to let the soaking solution dry before using for the next step of cutting.

[0072] The implementation process of seed stem preparation is as follows Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 (a) shows the process of cutting the seed stem manually using scissors. Figure 2 (b) shows the seed stem obtained by cutting. Figure 2 (c) shows the seed stem soaking process, where the cut seed stems are manually placed in a container filled with soaking liquid for soaking.

[0073] S2. Cutting method.

[0074] Wherein, step S2 specifically includes:

[0075] S21. Seedbed setting: Seedbeds are set up in plastic greenhouses or glass greenhouses. The seedbed substrate is mixed in a ratio of 6:3:1 of sandy loam, humus and coconut bran. At the same time, 20g of quicklime is added per square meter and the soil is rotary tilled and mixed. The seedbed is 1.2m wide and the length depends on the size of the greenhouse. The ridge height is 20-25cm and the width of the furrow between ridges is 30-40cm.

[0076] S22. Cutting: dig trenches on the ridges with a row spacing of 10 cm and a depth of 5-8 cm, making the trench wall inclined at about 45 degrees, and neatly arrange the stem segments after soaking and air-drying in the trenches with a spacing of 3-5 cm, with the lower end of the stem segments not touching the bottom of the trench (note that the stem segments should be placed upright, and the identification method is that the leaf scar opening direction is upward), cover with 3-5 cm of soil, and keep the buds and leaves of the stem segments with buds and leaves outside the soil surface, and the top of the stem segments without buds and leaves should be exposed 1-2 cm above the soil surface. After the cutting is completed, water thoroughly, and the soil at the bottom of the stem segment should be moist as the standard.

[0077] Figure 3The picture shows the seed stem cuttings and seedlings. Figure 3 (a) shows the state where the stem segments after soaking and air-drying are neatly inserted and arranged in the grooves at a spacing of 3-5 cm. Figure 3 (b) shows the seedling situation. Figure 3 It can be seen that through the above method, the seedlings are in good condition.

[0078] S3. Manage transplanting.

[0079] Wherein, step S3 specifically includes:

[0080] S31. Management during the seedling stage: Install an inverted spray system in the nursery greenhouse or use a misting nozzle for watering and irrigation to keep the box surface moist and the soil moisture content at the bottom of the stem segment at 50%-70%. After 15 days, the buds begin to sprout and begin to grow fibrous roots. After 20 days, after the stem segment grows new leaves, apply high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (30-10-10+TE) once and spray with high-efficiency cypermethrin insecticide. After 27-30 days, apply balanced macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20+TE) once.

[0081] S32. Transplanting: Transplant into the field about 35-40 days after cutting, when there are more than 5-8 new leaves and the seedling height is 5-10cm.

[0082] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of seedling transplanting is shown. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 (a) shows a schematic diagram of a seedling that can be transplanted. Figure 4 (b) shows the Figure 4 (a) shows the planting process of seedlings transplanted in the field.

[0083] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for preparing a soaking liquid, characterized in that: The composition consists of naphthylacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, bethamyl, carbendazim wettable powder and water medium.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that The composition consists of 80-120 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 140-160 parts of indoleacetic acid, 90-110 parts of oxadiazine, 1400-1600 parts of carbendazim wettable powder and 900000-1100000 parts of aqueous medium by weight.

3. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that In parts by weight, the composition consists of 100 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 150 parts of indoleacetic acid, 100 parts of oxadiazine, 1500 parts of carbendazim wettable powder and 1,000,000 parts of water medium.

4. Soaking liquid, characterized in that The soaking liquid is prepared from the combination set according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. A method for cultivating Picrorhizoma stems, characterized in that: The method comprises: Cutting seedlings, tissue culture seedlings or seedlings are used, unpacked and planted in the first time period; after the seedlings survive and take root in the second time period, the first nutrient medium is applied, and the top buds of the plants are removed at the same time, so that the stems have more side branches; In the third period, the second nutrient medium is applied, and the terminal buds of the side branches are removed at the same time, so that secondary side branches can sprout again on the side branches; In the fourth time period, the plants are dug up; The plant is cut to obtain a plurality of seed stems, and the seed stems are soaked in the soaking liquid as claimed in claim 4 and then air-dried; wherein the seed stems contain at least three stem nodes.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The first nutrient medium consists of 15 kg / mu urea, 60 kg / mu superphosphate, 4 kg / mu mineral potassium humate, and 15 kg / mu potassium sulfate.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The second nutrient medium is composed of 30 kg / mu urea, 80 kg / mu superphosphate, 6 kg / mu mineral potassium humate, and 10 kg / mu potassium sulfate.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The first time period is from April to May of the planting year, the second time period is from June to July of the planting year; the third time period is from April to May of the year after planting; and the fourth time period is from April to May of the year after planting.

9. A method for planting Picrorhizoma Coptidis, characterized in that: The method comprises: Setting a seedbed and forming ridges on the seedbed; wherein the seedbed matrix used in the seedbed is composed of sandy loam, humus, coconut bran and quicklime; A groove is opened on the ridge, wherein the groove wall is an inclined surface, and the seed stems obtained according to the method of any one of claims 5 to 8 are inserted into the groove, wherein the lower end of the stem segment of the seed stem does not touch the bottom of the groove, and the soil is covered, and the stem segments with buds and leaves retain the buds and leaves outside the soil surface, and the top of the stem segments without buds and leaves leaks out of the soil surface, and water thoroughly; Water the seed stems in the grooves to keep the soil moisture content at 50%-70% at the bottom of the stems. After the stems grow new leaves, apply high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer once and spray with high-efficiency cypermethrin insecticide. At the first set time, apply balanced macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer once; Transplanting.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Transplant when there are 5-8 new leaves and the seedlings are 5-10cm tall.

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