Air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system fused with super capacitor and vehicle
By introducing the first supercapacitor into the lithium battery system, an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system is solved, and the problems of small output power and poor transient response of lithium battery are achieved, and a greater transient power limit demand and higher power performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411948818.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-25
AI Technical Summary
During the popularization of lithium batteries, there are problems of small output power and poor transient response, which limits its further promotion.
An air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system that combines supercapacitors is used to add a first supercapacitor to achieve a hybrid power between the fuel cell and the supercapacitor, meeting the greater transient power limit requirements required by the system.
Overcoming the inherent characteristics of small output power and poor transient response of traditional lithium batteries, it significantly improves the system's transient power limit requirements, improves the fuel cell's instantaneous output capability and the system's power performance.
Smart Images
Figure CN119503066A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery control systems, and in particular to an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle integrating a supercapacitor. Background Art
[0002] In today's context of increasing environmental awareness and energy transformation, the research and development and promotion of electric bicycles are particularly important. Among them, breakthroughs in power battery technology have become the key to promoting the development of the electric bicycle industry. At present, lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries, as the mainstream power sources of electric bicycles, have occupied a place in the electric bicycle market. In particular, lithium batteries, with their excellent charging and discharging speed and long service life, have attracted the attention of many manufacturers and become a hot spot in the research and development of electric bicycle power systems.
[0003] Despite this, lithium batteries still encounter some bottlenecks in the process of popularization, especially the technical limitations of positive electrode materials, which to some extent restrict the further promotion of lithium batteries. Faced with this situation, the industry urgently needs to innovate and develop new power technology to make up for the shortcomings of lithium batteries in energy utilization and service life. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to solve or partially solve the problems existing in the related art, the present application provides an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle integrating a supercapacitor. By adding a first supercapacitor to achieve hybrid power of the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor, the greater transient power limit requirements of the system can be met.
[0005] The first aspect of the present application provides an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor, which includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC conversion module and a second DC-to-DC conversion module; the fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system through the first DC-to-DC conversion module, and the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is used to charge the supercapacitor energy storage system; the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-to-DC conversion module; the main control system, the first DC-to-DC conversion module, the second DC-to-DC conversion module, the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate through a CAN bus; the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a first supercapacitor, and the main control system is used to coordinate the power distribution of the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor.
[0006] Furthermore, the fuel cell system includes a battery controller, the fuel cell is a hydrogen energy battery, the battery controller is used to control the hydrogen intake and exhaust of the fuel cell, and the battery controller monitors the parameters of the fuel cell.
[0007] Furthermore, the fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a lithium battery system, wherein the lithium battery system is used to power the main control system before the fuel cell is started, and the lithium battery system is used to pre-charge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell is initialized.
[0008] Furthermore, the supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a second supercapacitor, a precharging circuit and a first function switching circuit; before the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the precharging circuit, and the lithium battery system precharges the second supercapacitor through the precharging circuit; after the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the second supercapacitor.
[0009] Furthermore, the supercapacitor voltage balancing system and the fuel cell are in parallel structure.
[0010] Furthermore, the first super capacitor is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-to-DC conversion module, and the first super capacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system.
[0011] Furthermore, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit; before the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery system pre-charges the first supercapacitor through the charging circuit; after the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the first supercapacitor.
[0012] Furthermore, the fuel cell and the supercapacitor energy storage system are in a parallel structure, and the output voltage of the fuel cell and the output voltage of the supercapacitor energy storage system are adjusted by the main control system.
[0013] Furthermore, the main control system dynamically adjusts the output voltage and charging power of the first DC-to-DC conversion module and the output voltage and charging power of the second DC-to-DC conversion module, thereby coordinating power distribution between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system.
[0014] A second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle comprising the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor.
[0015] The technical solution provided by this application may have the following beneficial effects:
[0016] The present invention provides an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle integrated with a supercapacitor, which overcomes the inherent characteristics of traditional lithium batteries, such as low output power and poor transient response. By adding a first supercapacitor to achieve hybrid power of the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor, a greater transient power limit requirement of the system can be met.
[0017] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by describing in more detail the exemplary embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of the present application.
[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor shown in an embodiment of the present application;
[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the startup process of the fuel cell system shown in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.
[0022] The terms used in this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. The singular forms of "a", "said" and "the" used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.
[0023] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0024] Lithium batteries still encounter some bottlenecks in the process of popularization, especially the technical limitations of positive electrode materials, which to a certain extent restrict the further promotion of lithium batteries. Faced with this situation, the industry urgently needs to innovate and develop new power supply technologies to make up for the shortcomings of lithium batteries in energy utilization and service life. In response to the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle integrating supercapacitors. By adding a first supercapacitor to achieve hybrid power of the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor, the greater transient power limit requirements required by the system can be met.
[0025] The technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor shown in an embodiment of the present application.
[0027] See also Figure 1 The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system integrating supercapacitor includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC conversion module and a second DC-to-DC conversion module.
[0028] The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system through the first DC-DC conversion module, and the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system. The fuel cell system is used to charge the supercapacitor energy storage system. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system through the second DC-DC conversion module, and the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system are connected to the bus system to form an overall power supply system. The main control system, the first DC-DC conversion module, the second DC-DC conversion module, the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate through the CAN bus. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a first supercapacitor, and the main control system is used to coordinate the power distribution of the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor; specifically, the main control system dynamically adjusts the output voltage and charging power of the first DC-DC conversion module and the output voltage and charging power of the second DC-DC conversion module, thereby coordinating the power distribution of the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system.
[0029] The present invention provides an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor, which overcomes the inherent characteristics of traditional lithium batteries, such as low output power and poor transient response. By adding a first supercapacitor to achieve hybrid power of the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor, a greater transient power limit requirement of the system can be met.
[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the startup process of the fuel cell system shown in the embodiment of the present application.
[0031] The fuel cell system includes a battery controller. The fuel cell is a hydrogen energy battery. The battery controller can control the hydrogen intake and exhaust of the fuel cell. Specifically, the fuel cell is connected to an external hydrogen cylinder. The battery controller can control the amount of hydrogen delivered to the fuel cell by the hydrogen cylinder and the amount of excess hydrogen discharged by the fuel cell. The battery controller can also monitor the parameters of the fuel cell, such as the temperature of the fuel cell, the power of the fuel cell, etc., to ensure that the fuel cell can be used normally.
[0032] See also Figure 2 The fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a lithium battery system. The lithium battery system can power the main control system before the fuel cell is started. The lithium battery system can also pre-charge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell initialization is completed, so as to speed up the starting speed of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system integrating the supercapacitor, reduce the voltage difference between the various components in the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system integrating the supercapacitor, and reduce the formation of arcs when the various components are connected.
[0033] The supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a second supercapacitor, a pre-charging circuit and a first function switching circuit; before the fuel cell is initialized, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the pre-charging circuit, and the lithium battery system pre-charges the second supercapacitor through the pre-charging circuit to speed up the startup of the supercapacitor voltage balancing system, reduce the voltage difference between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system, and reduce the formation of arcs when the supercapacitor voltage balancing system is connected to other systems. After the fuel cell is initialized, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the second supercapacitor. Due to the addition of the second supercapacitor, the instantaneous output capacity of the fuel cell is greatly improved, and the output voltage of the fuel cell system can be stabilized.
[0034] The supercapacitor voltage balancing system and the fuel cell are in parallel structure. Specifically, the second supercapacitor and the fuel cell are in parallel structure, thereby improving the transient characteristics of the fuel cell and balancing the voltage of the bus system when the fuel cell needs a large current output, so that the fuel cell will not be protected due to excessive current.
[0035] The second supercapacitor and the first supercapacitor are supercapacitors. As pollution-free energy storage devices, the second supercapacitor and the first supercapacitor have the characteristics of fast charging and discharging, high efficiency and long life, which greatly improve the recycling rate of energy.
[0036] See also Figure 1 , the first supercapacitor is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-DC conversion module, and the first supercapacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system. When the first supercapacitor is combined in parallel with the fuel cell, the transient characteristics of the fuel cell are significantly improved, so that the fuel cell can balance the bus voltage when a large current output is required, and the fuel cell will not be protected due to excessive current. When the first supercapacitor is connected to the bus system through the second DC-DC conversion module, it can improve the adaptability of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system integrating supercapacitors to load changes in the face of high-power pulsating loads.
[0037] The supercapacitor energy storage system is independent of the second supercapacitor inside the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit. The charging circuit is controlled by the main control system, and the charging circuit can dynamically adjust the charging current according to the state of the supercapacitor energy storage system. Before the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery system pre-charges the first supercapacitor through the charging circuit. The addition of pre-charging can speed up the startup speed of the supercapacitor energy storage system, reduce the voltage difference between the supercapacitor energy storage system and the fuel cell system, and reduce the formation of arcs when the supercapacitor energy storage system is connected to other systems. After the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell powers the first supercapacitor, completing the initialization of the entire supercapacitor energy storage system.
[0038] The fuel cell and supercapacitor energy storage system are in parallel structure. The output voltage of the fuel cell and the output voltage of the supercapacitor energy storage system are adjusted by the main control system, and the fuel cell and supercapacitor energy storage system can directly supply power to the load together. Among them, the voltage matching between the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor directly affects the working efficiency and performance of the entire air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system integrating supercapacitors. The first supercapacitor, as an auxiliary power source, can quickly provide additional electrical energy when the vehicle needs to accelerate quickly or climb a slope, realizing efficient power distribution.
[0039] By combining the fuel cell with the second supercapacitor and the first supercapacitor, a hybrid power system is formed, which effectively integrates the advantages of the fuel cell, the second supercapacitor and the first supercapacitor. Through precise power output control strategy, it not only ensures the stability of the vehicle's energy supply, but also extends the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell while improving the power performance.
[0040] Corresponding to the aforementioned application function implementation method embodiment, the present application also provides a vehicle and corresponding embodiments.
[0041] The vehicle includes an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system that integrates supercapacitors. The vehicle also includes a communication system. The communication system serves as an information transmission link between the vehicle and the host computer, ensuring the real-time and accurate transmission of vehicle data. It establishes a reliable connection with the host computer through wireless technology, and quickly transmits the pre-processed data to the host computer through a stable connection, meeting the high standards of real-time monitoring and remote diagnosis; the wireless technology can be one of 4G / 5G, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. The communication system follows communication protocols such as MQTT to ensure the smooth flow of data between different systems. At the same time, it has a powerful fault detection and response mechanism, which can promptly handle problems such as signal loss, interference, and connection interruption to ensure the continuity of communication.
[0042] The vehicle also includes an anti-theft system, which can improve the safety of the vehicle, reduce the occurrence of theft cases, and provide users with convenient vehicle management functions. The anti-theft system includes hardware devices and software applications; specifically, the vehicle can be installed with a GPS or Beidou module so that the GPS or Beidou module can track the vehicle's location in real time. The anti-theft system is equipped with a motion detection module, which is used to detect whether the vehicle has been moved. Once abnormal movement occurs, an alarm is immediately triggered. When the anti-theft system detects illegal movement or vandalism, the shell emits a high-decibel sound alarm.
[0043] Furthermore, users can remotely control the anti-theft system through mobile phone applications to receive alarm notifications or view the vehicle location. Users can store vehicle location data through the cloud platform, provide vehicle history track query, and process alarm information. In order to ensure the security of vehicle location and user information, vehicle location data needs to be encrypted to prevent it from being intercepted or tampered with.
[0044] The embodiments of the present application have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims
1. An air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitors, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC conversion module and a second DC-to-DC conversion module; the fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system through the first DC-to-DC conversion module, the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is used to charge the supercapacitor energy storage system; the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-to-DC conversion module; the main control system, the first DC-to-DC conversion module, the second DC-to-DC conversion module, the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate through a CAN bus; the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a first supercapacitor, and the main control system is used to coordinate the power distribution of the fuel cell and the first supercapacitor.
2. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises a battery controller. The fuel cell is a hydrogen energy battery. The battery controller is used to control the hydrogen intake and exhaust of the fuel cell. The battery controller monitors the parameters of the fuel cell.
3. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a lithium battery system. The lithium battery system is used to power the main control system before the fuel cell is started, and the lithium battery system is used to pre-charge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell is initialized.
4. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a second supercapacitor, a precharging circuit and a first function switching circuit; before the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the precharging circuit, and the lithium battery system precharges the second supercapacitor through the precharging circuit; after the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the second supercapacitor.
5. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The supercapacitor voltage balancing system and the fuel cell are in parallel structure.
6. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The first super capacitor is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-to-DC conversion module, and the first super capacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system.
7. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The supercapacitor energy storage system includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit; before the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery system pre-charges the first supercapacitor through the charging circuit; after the initialization of the fuel cell is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the first supercapacitor.
8. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fuel cell and the supercapacitor energy storage system are in a parallel structure, and the output voltage of the fuel cell and the output voltage of the supercapacitor energy storage system are adjusted by the main control system.
9. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating supercapacitor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main control system dynamically adjusts the output voltage and charging power of the first DC-to-DC conversion module and the output voltage and charging power of the second DC-to-DC conversion module, thereby coordinating power distribution between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that: An air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system comprising a supercapacitor integrated with the system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.