Simple and rapid positioning instrument for underground roadway tunneling and positioning method

Abstract

The invention provides a simple and fast positioning instrument for underground roadway tunneling and a positioning method. The positioning instrument mainly comprises an instrument panel frame, a positioning shaft, a base and a bidirectional laser, an instrument panel is arranged on the instrument panel frame, and a positioning shaft perpendicular to the instrument panel is arranged at the circle center position of the instrument panel; and the bidirectional laser is rotationally mounted on the positioning shaft through the base. During use, the positioning instrument is hung on a directional rope installed in a main roadway, during primary measurement, the pitch angle of the laser is adjusted to be matched with the slope angle of the first roadway, the base is controlled to rotate around the positioning shaft, reading of an instrument panel reaches the designed angle of the roadway, and the distance between a laser point of the working face of the roadway and the inner wall of the roadway is recorded; and keeping the laser pitch angle and the reading of the instrument panel unchanged, recording the distance between the working surface laser point and the inner wall of the roadway, and adjusting the roadway tunneling direction according to the distance deviation. Compared with a total station, the positioning instrument is simple in structure, convenient to use, easy to learn and easy to learn, and capable of greatly improving the roadway tunneling positioning efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, and in particular to a simple and quick positioning device and a positioning method for underground tunnel excavation. Background Art

[0002] At present, the measurement method for controlling the direction of tunnel excavation in most underground mines in China is mainly total station measurement. Although the total station has high accuracy, it still has many shortcomings and deficiencies in actual use.

[0003] The main disadvantages of total station measurement are:

[0004] First, it places high demands on operators, and it is difficult for ordinary people to learn, which greatly limits its scope of use. The operation of the total station is complicated and requires professional surveyors to operate. In many cases, underground tunnel excavation must rely on surveyors to go to the site for multiple measurements and layouts (marking the direction on the tunnel roof with paint) before construction can continue. On the one hand, it causes a huge workload for surveyors. On the other hand, construction workers control the direction of the tunnel based on the direction of the paint line on the tunnel roof, which relies heavily on the naked eye and experience. It is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the tunnel direction, and the tunnel direction often deviates;

[0005] Second, the total station takes a long time to operate and has low efficiency, which has a great impact on on-site construction. It takes a long time for surveyors to use the total station on site, from taking out the instrument to debugging, measuring, painting, etc. To ensure accuracy, if measurements are taken every day, it will take a lot of time and seriously affect the construction of the tunnel. If measurements are taken every few days, it will be difficult for construction workers to control the direction.

[0006] Third, many underground areas do not require the high precision of total stations. Instead, they have a high demand for simple and fast measuring instruments. If there is a measuring instrument that can meet the needs of simple and fast operation, construction workers can also use it. Construction workers can measure the direction themselves, which will greatly reduce the workload of surveyors. At the same time, it can also improve the accuracy of the tunnel direction and avoid deviations in the tunnel direction. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a simple positioning instrument and positioning method specially used for underground tunnel excavation. The positioning instrument is easy to carry, simple to use, easy to learn and can meet the needs of fast and efficient measurement and positioning of local areas in underground tunnels.

[0008] A simple and quick positioning instrument for underground tunnel excavation, comprising an instrument panel frame, a positioning shaft, a base, and a bidirectional laser;

[0009] The instrument panel frame is provided with an instrument panel, and a positioning shaft perpendicular to the instrument panel is provided at the center of the instrument panel; the bidirectional laser is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft via a base.

[0010] Preferably, the base is provided with a through hole or a through groove, and a bidirectional laser is installed in the through hole or the through groove to emit laser to both ends of the base.

[0011] Preferably, the axis of the positioning shaft is perpendicular to and intersects with the laser emitted by the bidirectional laser, and a through hole is provided on the positioning shaft for the laser to pass through.

[0012] Preferably, a pointer is also mounted on the base, and the pointer is parallel to the laser.

[0013] Preferably, a positioning shoulder is provided in the middle of the positioning shaft, the lower surface of the base abuts against the positioning shoulder, a clamp is provided on the upper part of the positioning shaft abuts against the upper surface of the base, the clamp and the positioning shaft are threadedly connected, the base is fixed when the clamp is tightened, and the base can rotate freely around the positioning shaft when the clamp is loosened.

[0014] Preferably, gaskets are provided on the upper side and the lower side of the base.

[0015] Preferably, it further comprises a stand, a balancing bowl and a balancing block; the instrument panel is mounted on one side of the lower end of the stand, a balancing bowl is provided on the other side of the lower end of the stand, a plurality of balancing blocks are installed in the balancing bowl, and a hanging groove is provided on the upper end of the stand.

[0016] Preferably, the balance block is a stone or a weight.

[0017] Preferably, the vertical frame is further provided with a horizontal frame, and the horizontal frame is fixedly connected to the upper end of the positioning shaft.

[0018] A positioning method of a simple and quick positioning instrument for underground tunnel excavation, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Select any two points A and B in the excavated main tunnel, connect the line AB parallel to the axis of the main tunnel, and install the directional rope between points A and B;

[0020] Step 2: Hang the locator on the directional rope and move the locator to the tunnel entrance of the first tunnel to be excavated, and record the position of the directional rope where the locator is located as point D;

[0021] Step 3: Turn on the bidirectional laser in the locator, adjust the laser pitch angle to match the slope angle of the first lane, and control the base to rotate around the positioning axis. When the laser reading on the instrument panel reaches the design angle of the first lane, record: the reverse laser irradiation point H on the inner wall of the main lane, the weight scheme M of the balance block, the instrument panel reading α, and the distance D1 between the forward laser irradiation point on the working surface of the first lane and the inner wall of the first lane;

[0022] Step 4: After the first tunnel is excavated for a certain distance, the locator is hung at point D again, and the counterweight scheme M and the instrument panel reading α are reproduced to make the reverse laser point coincide with point H. Then, the distance D1' between the forward laser irradiation point on the working surface of the first tunnel and the inner wall of the first tunnel is recorded. According to the deviation between D1 and D1', the tunnel excavation direction is adjusted.

[0023] Total station measurement technology is difficult, has high requirements on operators, takes a long time to operate, has high accuracy but low efficiency, and is expensive. Compared with existing total station measurement, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] The locator has a simple structure and is easy, convenient and fast to use. It is easy to learn and use. It has the functions of locating and detecting the direction of the tunnel. It does not affect on-site construction and does not rely on surveyors. Construction personnel can detect and correct the direction of the tunnel by themselves. Although its accuracy is weaker than that of the total station, it can fully meet the needs of tunnel use. It is efficient and fast, especially in the process of repeated detection, it can save a lot of time and has low cost. It can meet the excavation positioning of horizontal tunnels and small slope inclined tunnels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a front view of a simple and quick locating device used for underground tunnel excavation.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a side view of a simple and quick locating device used for underground tunnel excavation.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a top view of a simple and quick locating device used for underground tunnel excavation.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning of a simple and quick positioning instrument used for underground tunnel excavation.

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the forward laser irradiation point on the working surface of the first tunnel; Figure (a) is the initial measurement position, Figure (b) is the re-measurement position, X1 and Y1 represent the distance between the forward laser irradiation point Q1 and the inner wall of the tunnel during the initial measurement, and X1' and Y1' represent the distance between the forward laser irradiation point Q1' and the inner wall of the tunnel during the re-measurement.

[0030] In the figure: 100 positioning device; 200 directional rope; 300 laser; 400 main tunnel; 500 first tunnel; 501 first working face; 600 second tunnel; 601 second working face;

[0031] 101 stand; 102 instrument panel stand; 103 positioning shaft; 104 clamp; 105 base; 106 bidirectional laser; 107 pointer; 108 gasket; 109 balance bowl; 110 balance block; 111 cross frame; 112 hanging slot; instrument panel 113. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "front", "rear", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] See also Figure 1-5 ; Embodiment 1;

[0035] A simple and quick positioning instrument for underground tunnel excavation, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprises an instrument panel frame 102, a positioning shaft 103, a base 105, and a bidirectional laser 106;

[0036] The instrument panel frame 102 is provided with an instrument panel 113 , and a positioning shaft 103 perpendicular to the instrument panel 113 is provided at the center of the instrument panel 102 ; the bidirectional laser 106 is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft 103 via a base 105 .

[0037] The base 105 is provided with a through hole or a through groove, and the bidirectional laser 106 is installed in the through hole or the through groove to emit laser to two ends of the base 105 .

[0038] The base 105 can be a cylindrical structure with a through hole in it, such as a cylindrical shape. The laser 106 is installed in the through hole of the base 105. The bidirectional laser 106 emits lasers to both ends of the base 105 through the through hole. The laser 106 can be two laser pens arranged in opposite directions. The forward laser is emitted to the front of the locator 100, and the reverse laser is emitted to the rear of the locator 100 after passing through the through hole. In order to make the laser reading on the instrument panel 113 accurate, the axis of the positioning shaft 103 needs to be aligned with the bidirectional laser. The laser emitted by the optical device 106 is vertical and intersecting, so a through hole (not shown in the figure) is also provided on the positioning shaft 103 for the laser to pass through; the base 105 can also adopt a cylindrical structure, and a through groove is provided on the upper surface of the cylindrical structure for the laser to pass through; to facilitate reading, a pointer 107 is also installed on the base 105, and the pointer 107 is parallel to the laser, and the pointer 107 points to the same direction as the forward laser. Similarly, in order to make the pointer reading on the instrument panel 113 accurate, the axis of the pointer 107 needs to intersect with the axis of the positioning shaft 103.

[0039] A positioning shoulder (not shown in the figure) is provided in the middle of the positioning shaft 103, the lower surface of the base 105 abuts against the positioning shoulder, and a clamp 104 is provided on the upper part of the positioning shaft 103 to abut against the upper surface of the base 105, and the clamp 104 and the positioning shaft 103 are screwed; when the clamp 104 is tightened, the base 105 is fixed between the positioning shoulder and the clamp 104, and when the clamp 104 is loosened, the base 105 can be manually moved to allow the base 105 to rotate freely around the positioning shaft 103; in order to reduce the wear between the base and the positioning shoulder and the clamp, gaskets are provided on the upper and lower sides of the base 105, and the provision of gaskets also facilitates the fixation of the base 105; the height of the positioning shoulder is greater than the height of the balancing bowl 109 and the balancing block 110, when the bidirectional laser 106 emits a reverse laser, it will not be blocked by the balancing bowl 109 and the balancing block 110, and can be smoothly emitted to the rear of the locator; the reverse laser cannot be blocked by the clamp 104 either. The purpose of setting the reverse laser is to facilitate the determination of the laser's elevation angle during re-measurement, which is simple and quick.

[0040] The positioning instrument described in this embodiment also includes a stand 101, a balance bowl 109, and a balance block 110; the instrument panel stand 102 is arranged on one side of the lower end of the stand 101, and a balance bowl 109 is arranged on the other side of the lower end of the stand 101, and a plurality of balance blocks 110 are installed in the balance bowl, and a hanging groove 112 is arranged on the upper end of the stand 101; the balance block 110 is a stone or a weight. When a stone is used, a stone with sufficient hardness should be selected, the surface should be clean, and each stone should be marked in advance. A plurality of grooves are also arranged in an array at the bottom of the inner surface of the balance bowl 109, which is convenient for determining the position of the balance block 110 and also helps to prevent the balance block 110 from sliding in the balance bowl 109.

[0041] A positioning method of a simple and quick positioning instrument for underground tunnel excavation, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: Select any two points A and B in the excavated main tunnel 400, connect the line AB parallel to the axis of the main tunnel 400, and install the directional rope 200 between points A and B;

[0043] Step 2: Hang the locator 100 on the directional rope 200 through the hanging groove 112 provided at the upper end of the stand 101, and move the locator 100 to the tunnel entrance of the first tunnel 500 to be excavated, and record the position of the locator 100 on the directional rope 200 as point D;

[0044] Step 3: Turn on the bidirectional laser 106 in the locator 100, and the bidirectional laser 106 emits forward and reverse lasers to the front and back of the locator 100 respectively; add a balancing block 110 to the balancing bowl 109 of the locator 100, adjust the laser pitch angle to match the slope angle of the first lane 500, and control the base 105 to rotate around the positioning axis 103. When the laser reading on the instrument panel 102 reaches the design angle of the first lane 500, record: the reverse laser irradiation point H on the inner wall of the main lane 400, the weighting scheme M of the balancing block 110 (including the mass of the balancing block 110 and its position in the balancing bowl 109), the instrument panel reading α, and the distance D1 (including vertical and horizontal distances) between the forward laser irradiation point Q1 on the working surface of the first lane 500 and the inner wall of the first lane 500;

[0045] Step 4: After the first tunnel 500 is excavated for a certain distance (not too long, the specific length can be referred to the specifications and engineering experience), the locator 100 is hung at point D again, the counterweight scheme M and the instrument panel reading α are reproduced, so that the reverse laser point coincides with point H, and then the distance D1' between the forward laser irradiation point Q1' on the working surface of the first tunnel 500 and the inner wall of the first tunnel 500 is recorded, and the tunnel excavation direction is adjusted according to the deviation between D1 and D1'.

[0046] While continuing to excavate the first tunnel 500, the positioning device 100 can be used to perform laser positioning on other tunnels to be excavated.

[0047] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the forward laser irradiation point of the first tunnel working face, with the tunnel working face represented by a circle; Figure (a) is the initial measurement position, and Figure (b) is the re-measurement position. X1 and Y1 represent the distance between the forward laser irradiation point Q1 and the inner wall of the tunnel during the initial measurement, and X1' and Y1' represent the distance between the forward laser irradiation point Q1' and the inner wall of the tunnel during the re-measurement; underground construction personnel can determine the deviation correction amount of the working face during the next section of excavation based on the deviation between X1, Y1 and X1', Y1', and adjust the tunnel excavation direction in time according to the deviation correction amount. For other cross-sectional forms, key feature points can also be selected as reference points to determine whether the forward laser irradiation point is offset.

[0048] First of all, the total station is a precise instrument and complex to operate. Most underground construction workers cannot operate it, so professional surveyors are needed to operate the total station to cooperate with the tunnel excavation construction. In many cases, underground tunnel excavation must rely on surveyors to go to the site for multiple measurements and layouts (marking the direction on the tunnel roof with paint) before construction can continue. This not only increases the workload of surveyors, but underground construction workers can only locate the tunnel by observing the direction of the paint line with the naked eye. The positioning is inaccurate, which greatly wastes the high-precision advantage of the total station. Secondly, the operation of the total station is time-consuming and inefficient. Spraying the paint line also takes time, which will seriously affect the normal construction of the tunnel. Furthermore, the total station is expensive, the number of total stations available during tunnel construction is extremely limited, and the tunnel environment is also prone to damage the total station.

[0049] Based on the above defects, the present invention proposes a new tunnel excavation locator. First of all, it has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It is easy for underground construction workers to learn and use it. It does not require professional surveyors to cooperate with it, which greatly reduces the workload of professional surveyors. Compared with the positioning of the tunnel by observing the direction of the paint line with the naked eye, the orientation is carried out by laser. Although its positioning accuracy is lower than that of the total station, it can fully meet the needs of tunnel excavation, and is particularly suitable for local measurement and positioning of underground tunnels. For the main tunnel, a total station can be used for high-precision measurement and positioning. For the tunnels lateral to the main tunnel, the locator of the present invention can be used for positioning. The two cooperate with each other, which can not only meet the needs of tunnel excavation accuracy, but also improve the efficiency of excavation and positioning, and can meet the needs of tunnel flat slope excavation and small slope excavation. Secondly, the locator takes a short time to operate and saves more time during re-measurement. Furthermore, the locator has extremely low cost and is easy to make. Multiple locators can be customized for synchronous use, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of tunnel excavation. Even if it is damaged, it can be replaced by other locators, which is simple and efficient. Since the cost of the locator is low, it can even be hung in the same position for a long time to locate a certain lane when necessary.

[0050] See also Figure 1-5 ; Embodiment 2;

[0051] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is:

[0052] A horizontal frame 110 is also provided on the vertical frame 101. The horizontal frame 110 and the instrument panel frame 102 are located on the same side. The horizontal frame 110 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the positioning shaft 103 to increase the structural stability of the positioning shaft 103. A level bubble can also be provided on the horizontal frame 110. The directional rope 200 is replaced by a positioning rod.

[0053] See also Figure 1-5 ; Embodiment 3;

[0054] The main tunnel 400 has been excavated and completed. Now, it is necessary to construct the first tunnel 500, the second tunnel 600 and many other parallel tunnels on its left side. The main tunnel 400 and the lateral parallel tunnels are all excavated on a flat slope. If each parallel tunnel is measured and laid out (painted) using a total station, it will take up a lot of time and energy for the surveyors, and the construction workers cannot check whether the directions of these parallel tunnels are correct. At this time, the positioning instrument described in the present invention can be used to locate the tunnel.

[0055] This embodiment adopts the positioning device described in Example 1 or Example 2 to assist in tunnel excavation positioning. Taking the excavation positioning of the first tunnel 500 and the second tunnel 600 as an example, the positioning method is further described as follows:

[0056] Step 1: Pick any two points A and B in the excavated main tunnel 400. The connecting line AB is parallel to the axis of the main tunnel 400, and the height of the connecting line AB relative to the bottom of the main tunnel 400 is about 1.2m. Hang the directional rope 200 at points A and B, and try to keep the directional rope 200 in a space that is not easily damaged. Mark the corresponding positions of points A and B on the directional rope 200;

[0057] Step 2: Then align the locator 100 with the directional rope 200 through the hanging groove 112 provided at the upper end of the stand 101 and hang it in place, and move the locator 100 to the tunnel entrance of the first tunnel 500 to be excavated, mark the location of the locator 100 on the directional rope 200, and record it as point D1, so as to facilitate the next re-measurement;

[0058] Step 3: Turn on the laser 106 in the locator 100, and the laser 106 emits forward and reverse lasers to the front and back of the locator 100 respectively; add a proper amount of stones to the balance bowl 109 of the locator 100 as a balance block 110 for counterweighting, so that the locator 100 is balanced front and back, and the laser pitch angle matches the flat slope; loosen the clamp 104, manually control the base 105 to rotate around the positioning axis 103, and the bidirectional laser pen rotates with the base 105 until the forward laser reading on the instrument panel reaches the designed angle , at this time, the forward laser is parallel to the axis of the first lane 500, tighten the clamp 104 to fix the base 105 and the bidirectional laser pen in position; record: the reverse laser irradiation point on the inner wall of the main lane 400 is point H1, the forward laser reading on the instrument panel is α1, the weighting scheme of the balance block 110 is M1 (including the mass of the balance block 110 and its position in the balance bowl 109), and the distance D1 between the forward laser irradiation point Q1 on the first working surface 501 in the first lane 500 and the inner wall of the first lane 500 (including the vertical and horizontal distances);

[0059] Step 4: Move the locator 100 to the tunnel entrance of the second tunnel 600 to be excavated. During the movement, keep the counterweight scheme M1 and the instrument panel reading α1 unchanged. Mark the location of the locator 100 on the directional rope 200 and record it as point D2. The laser 106 emits forward and reverse lasers to the front and back of the locator 100 respectively. At this time, the forward laser is parallel to the axis of the first tunnel 500. Record: the reverse laser irradiation point on the inner wall of the main tunnel 400 is point H2, and the distance D2 (including vertical and horizontal distances) between the forward laser irradiation point on the second working surface 601 in the second tunnel 600 and the inner wall of the second tunnel 600; (the positioning process of other parallel tunnels is the same as that of the second tunnel 600)

[0060] Step 5: When the first tunnel 500 is excavated for a certain distance (for example, 2m), the locator 100 is hung again at the original marked position D1 of the directional rope 200, and the counterweight scheme M1 and the instrument panel reading α1 are kept unchanged. When the reverse laser irradiation point coincides with the point H1 on the inner wall of the main tunnel 400, the distance D1' (including vertical and horizontal distances) between the forward laser irradiation point Q1' on the first working surface 501 in the first tunnel 500 and the inner wall of the first tunnel 500 is recorded, and the tunnel excavation direction is adjusted according to the deviation between the distance D1 and the distance D1'.

[0061] According to the methods of the fifth and sixth steps, by analogy, when the locator 100 with a fixed laser direction is moved to the second tunnel 600 and other parallel tunnels, it is possible to immediately detect whether the directions of the second working surface 601 and other tunnel working surfaces are correct and whether the tunnel excavation direction needs to be adjusted. The principle and method of adjusting the tunnel excavation direction are prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0062] For multiple sets of parallel lanes, you only need to measure the direction of one lane, fix the bidirectional laser pen, and then use it to detect whether the direction of other parallel lanes is correct and whether correction is needed. It is very quick. It should be noted that this solution is mainly used for local area measurement and orientation. If the accuracy requirement is very high, such as the main lane 400, then a total station is still required to assist in measurement.

[0063] In Example 3, the main tunnel and other tunnels are excavated on a flat slope. During the flat slope excavation, the structures of the front and rear sides of the frame 101 are balanced, so that the initial elevations of the forward laser point and the reverse laser point are the same. In other embodiments, the tunnels on the side of the main tunnel may have a small slope when designed. The elevations of the forward laser point and the reverse laser point can be adjusted by adding or removing stones (balance blocks 110) when excavating up and downhill; the directional rope 200 will be in a catenary state when hung between points A and B. When the locator 100 is hung on the directional rope 200, the directional rope 200 can be clamped with a clip to prevent the locator 100 from sliding on the directional rope 200, resulting in inaccurate positioning.

[0064] In other embodiments, a traditional compass can also be used to replace the instrument panel frame 102 and the instrument panel 113 in the present invention. Specifically, a rotatable and fixed laser pen is added to the traditional compass. After the compass is used to determine the direction of the tunnel, the laser pen is rotated to the specified direction, and then the laser pen is fixed to record the spatial position of the compass. The compass is installed in the same position for the next measurement, and the laser pen is set to the same direction angle to detect whether the tunnel excavation construction direction is correct. The compass can also be installed on the instrument panel frame and hung on the directional rope 200 in the manner of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 for tunnel excavation positioning.

[0065] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simple and quick positioning instrument for underground tunnel excavation, characterized in that: It includes an instrument panel frame (102), a positioning shaft (103), a base (105), and a bidirectional laser (106); The instrument panel frame (102) is provided with an instrument panel (113), and a positioning shaft (103) perpendicular to the instrument panel (113) is provided at the center of the circle of the instrument panel (102); the bidirectional laser (106) is rotatably mounted on the positioning shaft (103) via a base (105).

2. The locator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (105) is provided with a through hole or a through groove, and the bidirectional laser (106) is installed in the through hole or the through groove.

3. The locator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axis of the positioning shaft (103) is perpendicular to and intersects with the laser light emitted by the bidirectional laser (106), and a through hole is provided on the positioning shaft (103) for the laser light to pass through.

4. The locator according to claim 3, characterized in that: A pointer (107) is also mounted on the base (105), and the pointer (107) is parallel to the laser.

5. The locator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning shoulder is provided in the middle of the positioning shaft (103), and the lower surface of the base (105) abuts against the positioning shoulder. A clamp (104) is provided on the upper part of the positioning shaft (103) and abuts against the upper surface of the base (105). The clamp (104) and the positioning shaft (103) are screwed.

6. The locator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Gaskets are provided on the upper side and the lower side of the base (105).

7. The locator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The device also comprises a stand (101), a balancing bowl (109), and a balancing block (110); the instrument panel frame (102) is arranged on one side of the lower end of the stand (101); a balancing bowl (109) is arranged on the other side of the lower end of the stand (101); a plurality of balancing blocks (110) are arranged in the balancing bowl; and a hanging groove (112) is arranged on the upper end of the stand (101).

8. The locator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The balance block (110) is a stone or a weight.

9. The locator according to claim 7, characterized in that: A horizontal frame (110) is also provided on the vertical frame (101), and the horizontal frame (110) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the positioning shaft (103).

10. The positioning method of the positioning device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Select any two points A and B in the excavated main tunnel (400), connect the line AB and the axis of the main tunnel (400) in parallel, and install the directional rope (200) between points A and B; Step 2: Hang the locator (100) on the directional rope (200), move the locator (100) to the tunnel entrance of the first tunnel (500) to be excavated, and record the position of the locator (100) on the directional rope (200) as point D; Step 3: Turn on the bidirectional laser (106) in the positioning instrument (100), adjust the laser pitch angle to match the slope angle of the first lane (500), and control the base (105) to rotate around the positioning axis (103). When the laser reading on the instrument panel (102) reaches the design angle of the first lane (500), record: the reverse laser irradiation point H on the inner wall of the main lane (400), the weight scheme M of the balance block (110), the instrument panel reading α, and the distance D1 between the forward laser irradiation point on the working surface of the first lane (500) and the inner wall of the first lane (500); Step 4: After the first tunnel (500) has been excavated for a certain distance, the positioning instrument (100) is hung again at point D, and the counterweight scheme M and the instrument panel reading α are reproduced to make the reverse laser point coincide with point H, and then the distance D1' between the forward laser irradiation point on the working surface of the first tunnel (500) and the inner wall of the first tunnel (500) is recorded, and the tunnel excavation direction is adjusted according to the deviation between D1 and D1'.

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