Experimental device for simulating water source migration law and experimental method for simulating water source migration law

Abstract

The invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating a water source migration law, the device comprises a water injection assembly, a water pipe assembly, a water-resisting layer simulation structure and a water-bearing layer simulation structure, and the water-bearing layer simulation structure is arranged on the water-resisting layer simulation structure; the aquifer simulation structure comprises a peripheral simulation aquifer and a water injection layer aggregate; the aggregate of the water injection layer adopts stone materials with different particle sizes, and gaps among the stone materials are used for simulating water source distribution in an actual underground aquifer; the aquifer simulation structure is used for simulating an actual underground aquifer; after the water-resisting layer simulation structure is broken, water in the aggregate of the water injection layer leaks and migrates through the water-resisting layer simulation structure so as to simulate the actual water source migration process; according to the experimental device for simulating the water source migration rule, migration characteristics of underground water after a water-bearing layer is broken due to overlying strata movement after coal mining can be simulated, and structural support is provided for coal mine underground reservoir site selection and water source prediction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of groundwater migration law simulation experiments, and in particular to a device for simulating water source migration law experiments and a method for simulating water source migration law experiments. Background Art

[0002] Coal mining causes the migration and disruption of overlying rock strata and aquifers and the formation of fissure channels. Groundwater migrates downward through the mining fissures and gathers in the goaf and working face. In order to reuse mine water, coal pillars are connected by artificial dams to form a closed goaf (i.e., coal mine underground reservoirs), and mine water is stored in them to improve the utilization rate of mine water. In the above process, it is necessary to conduct research on the site selection and water supply path of coal mine underground reservoirs. This research requires the use of simulation experimental equipment and related methods to obtain the water migration laws in the aquifer, thereby providing data and related theoretical support for the study of water migration laws in the coal mining process.

[0003] The existing experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration basically includes a model frame, in which various simulated similar layers are arranged, and the cracks in the rock layer are observed by simulating coal seam mining; that is, the experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration in the prior art usually includes aquifer similar materials and water supply components; the aquifer similar materials are usually mixed with sand, gypsum and binder; the water supply components are buried in the aquifer similar materials, including an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a branch water supply pipe and a branch pipe head, and the two ends of each branch water supply pipe are respectively sealed and connected to the branch pipe head, and the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are respectively sealed and connected to the two branch pipe heads, and measures are taken to ensure that no leakage occurs; it can simulate the rupture, displacement and collapse of similar materials within a certain range of the rock stratum overlying the coal seam when the coal seam is excavated in steps, so that a delamination space is generated between the aquiclude similar materials and the aquifer similar materials, and when the aquifer similar materials are also broken, the branch water supply pipe is caused to rupture and leak, thereby simulating the water source in the delamination layer.

[0004] However, in the process of simulating the water source of the aquifer, the existing simulation experimental device usually uses multiple equidistantly distributed water pipes to simulate the water source in the aquifer. Although the strength of the water pipe is less than that of the aquifer, it still acts as an anchor and has a certain strengthening effect on the strength of the aquifer, resulting in the aquifer strength in the simulation experiment being inconsistent with the actual underground aquifer strength, and thus the accuracy and representativeness of the experimental results cannot be guaranteed; at the same time, the existing simulated aquifer is usually a whole layer of structure containing water pipes, which has a certain strength. Only when it breaks can the water leakage of the aquifer be simulated. However, in reality, water leakage and migration occur after the aquiclude under the aquifer breaks, resulting in water leakage and migration in the simulation experiment being inconsistent with the actual situation, and thus the accurate simulation of the water source migration law cannot be guaranteed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides an experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration and an experimental method for simulating the law of water source migration, so as to solve the problem that the simulation experimental device and method in the prior art cannot ensure the accurate simulation of the law of water source migration.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration, comprising: a water injection component, a water pipe component, an aquiclude simulation structure and an aquifer simulation structure, wherein the aquifer simulation structure is arranged on the aquiclude simulation structure, and the aquiclude simulation structure adopts a water-isolating material to simulate the actual underground aquiclude; the aquifer simulation structure comprises a peripheral simulated aquifer and a water injection layer aggregate, the peripheral simulated aquifer has a hollow cavity in the middle, and the water injection layer aggregate fills the hollow cavity; the water injection component is connected to the water pipe component through a pipeline, the water pipe component comprises a plurality of water injection heads, and the plurality of water injection heads are respectively arranged in the water injection layer aggregate at intervals, and the water injection component uses the water injection heads to set the flow rate and water of set pressure is injected into the aggregate of the water injection layer; the inner wall of the hollow cavity is provided with water-blocking material to prevent the water in the aggregate of the water injection layer from leaking into the peripheral simulated aquifer; the aggregate of the water injection layer adopts gravel materials with different particle sizes, and the gaps between the gravel materials are used to simulate the water source distribution in the actual underground aquifer; wherein, the aquifer simulation structure is used to simulate the actual underground aquifer; after the aquiclude simulation structure is broken, the water in the aggregate of the water injection layer leaks and migrates through the aquiclude simulation structure to simulate the actual water source migration process; when the peripheral simulated aquifer is broken and the water-blocking material on the inner wall of the hollow cavity or the aquiclude simulation structure is not broken, the water in the aggregate of the water injection layer does not leak and migrate.

[0007] Furthermore, the water pipe assembly also includes a connecting water pipe and multiple water supply pipes, one ends of the multiple water supply pipes are respectively connected to the connecting water pipe and are arranged in parallel; the other end of a water supply pipe is connected to a water injection head, and the water supply pipe is extended in the vertical direction; wherein the water injection head is a cross water head, the cross water head includes a first pipe and a second pipe, the first pipe and the second pipe are vertically crossed and connected to each other, and the intersection of the first pipe and the second pipe is connected to the water supply pipe; the first pipe and the second pipe are both provided with drainage holes, the drainage holes are vertically arranged downward, and are used to inject water into the gaps between the stone materials in the aggregate of the injection layer; the central axis of the first pipe, the central axis of the second pipe, and the central axis of the water supply pipe are arranged perpendicular to each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the thickness of the peripheral simulated aquifer in the vertical direction is greater than the outer diameters of the first pipe and the second pipe; the thickness of the injection layer aggregate in the vertical direction is greater than the outer diameters of the first pipe and the second pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer diameters of the first tube and the second tube are the same and do not exceed 0.5 cm; the projection of the drainage hole in the vertical direction is circular.

[0010] Furthermore, the experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration also includes a protective shell, which is made of transparent material and has an installation cavity inside. The waterproof layer simulation structure and the aquifer simulation structure are both arranged in the installation cavity and abut against the inner wall of the installation cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the shape of the hollow cavity is a cuboid, the shape of the mounting cavity is a cuboid, and the side wall of the hollow cavity is arranged parallel to the side wall of the corresponding mounting cavity, and the distance between them is not less than 5 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, the aggregate of the injection layer is formed by stacking gravel materials with different particle sizes in layers, and the gravel materials are in contact with each other but not sticky, so as to simulate the actual underground aquifer; and / or, the outer simulated aquifer adopts solid-liquid coupling material, the solid-liquid coupling material includes a solid phase and a liquid phase, the solid phase includes at least one of sand, clay, and quartz sand, and the liquid phase includes pure water or an aqueous solution; the ratio of the solid phase to the liquid phase corresponds to the solid-liquid ratio in the actual underground aquifer.

[0013] Furthermore, the water injection assembly includes: a water tank, a flow meter, a water pump and a soft water pipe; one end of the soft water pipe is connected to the water pipe assembly, and the other end is connected to the outlet of the water pump. The water pump and the flow meter are respectively connected to the water tank through the same pipeline. The water tank is used to store water, the water pump is used to drive the water in the water tank into the water pipe assembly at a set pressure and a set flow rate, and the flow meter is used to measure the water flow in the pipeline.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an experimental method for simulating the law of water source migration, which is applied to the above-mentioned experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration, and the experimental method for simulating the law of water source migration comprises the following steps: S1, installing a protective shell, designing the thickness of the aquiclude simulation structure and the aquifer simulation structure according to the actual geological conditions to be simulated, and sequentially paving the simulated coal seam, the simulated overburden layer and the aquiclude simulation structure from bottom to top in the installation cavity of the protective shell; S2, placing a rectangular plastic frame in the installation cavity and above the already laid aquiclude simulation structure, setting the outer wall of the rectangular plastic frame parallel to the corresponding side wall of the installation cavity, and the distance is 5 cm, and then using solid-liquid coupling material to fill the space between the rectangular plastic frame and the side wall of the installation cavity, and calculating the ratio of solid phase to liquid phase in the solid-liquid coupling material according to the spatial ratio to correspond to the solid-liquid ratio in the actual underground aquifer, and compacting after the filling is completed to form the outer simulated aquifer; S3, disassembling In addition to the rectangular plastic frame, a hollow cavity is formed in the middle of the outer simulated aquifer, and a water-blocking material is applied on the inner wall of the hollow cavity; a water pipe assembly is installed in the hollow cavity, and multiple water injection heads in the water pipe assembly are evenly arranged in the hollow cavity, and then the hollow cavity is filled with stone materials of different particle sizes to form a water injection layer aggregate, and the upper part of the water injection layer aggregate is leveled, and the height of the water injection layer aggregate is set to be the same as the height of the hollow cavity; S4, after the aquifer simulation structure is arranged, the water injection assembly is controlled to inject water through the water injection head. Water with a set flow rate and a set pressure is injected into the aggregate of the injection layer to start the experiment of simulating the water source migration law. During the experiment, the water pressure is kept stable, and the simulated coal seam and the simulated overburden layer are destroyed in turn to simulate the migration and fracture process of the excavated coal seam and the overburden layer in actual mining step by step. When the simulated structure of the impermeable layer produces delamination cracks due to deformation or water-conducting cracks due to fracture, the water in the aggregate of the injection layer migrates downward through the delamination cracks or water-conducting cracks to show the water source migration law in the coal seam mining process.

[0015] Furthermore, between step S3 and step S4, a supplementary layout step is also included: after the aquifer simulation structure is laid out, a ground layer is laid above the aquifer simulation structure in accordance with the actual geological conditions, and the ground layer uses solid-liquid coupling materials to simulate the influence of the ground stress generated by the rock layer above the actual aquifer on the aquifer.

[0016] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration, including: a water injection component, a water pipe component, an aquiclude simulation structure and an aquifer simulation structure, the aquifer simulation structure is arranged on the aquiclude simulation structure, the aquiclude simulation structure adopts a water-isolating material to simulate the actual underground aquiclude; the aquifer simulation structure includes a peripheral simulated aquifer and a water injection layer aggregate, the peripheral simulated aquifer has a hollow cavity in the middle, and the water injection layer aggregate fills the hollow cavity; the water injection component is connected to the water pipe component through a pipeline, the water pipe component includes a plurality of water injection heads, the plurality of water injection heads are respectively arranged in the water injection layer aggregate at intervals, and the water injection component sets the set flow rate and the set flow rate through the water injection heads Pressurized water is injected into the aggregate of the injection layer; the inner wall of the hollow cavity is provided with a water-blocking material to prevent the water in the aggregate of the injection layer from leaking into the peripheral simulated aquifer; the aggregate of the injection layer adopts gravel materials with different particle sizes, and the gaps between the gravel materials are used to simulate the water source distribution in the actual underground aquifer; wherein, the aquifer simulation structure is used to simulate the actual underground aquifer; after the aquiclude simulation structure is broken, the water in the aggregate of the injection layer leaks and migrates through the aquiclude simulation structure to simulate the actual water source migration process; when the peripheral simulated aquifer is broken and the water-blocking material on the inner wall of the hollow cavity or the aquiclude simulation structure is not broken, the water in the aggregate of the injection layer does not leak and migrate.

[0017] The present invention sets an aquifer simulation structure including a peripheral simulated aquifer and an injection layer aggregate, and a plurality of water injection heads are respectively and spaced apart in the injection layer aggregate, thereby avoiding direct contact between the water injection heads and the peripheral simulated aquifer, and avoiding the reinforcing effect of the strength of the water injection heads and the water pipes themselves on the peripheral simulated aquifer, so that the strength of the peripheral simulated aquifer in the simulation experiment is consistent with the strength of the actual underground aquifer, thereby ensuring the accuracy and representativeness of the experimental results; at the same time, by setting up an aquiclude simulation structure and an aquifer simulation structure to cooperate, the water leakage and migration phenomenon that occurs after the aquiclude under the aquifer in reality can be equivalently simulated; by setting the injection layer aggregate of the simulation experiment to adopt different particles The stone material with a diameter of 10 mm can simulate the water source distribution in the actual underground aquifer, and the water leakage and migration are consistent with the actual situation, thereby ensuring the accurate simulation of the water source migration law; the experimental device for simulating the water source migration law proposed by the present invention can simulate the migration characteristics of groundwater after the aquifer is broken due to the movement of the overburden after coal mining, and provide structural support for the site selection and water source prediction of underground reservoirs in coal mines; compared with the prior art, the present invention can better simulate the aquifer, make the aquifer pores filled with water evenly without affecting the strength of similar materials in the aquifer, and make the similar simulation test results of the groundwater migration law and the overburden stratum breaking characteristics of coal mining more accurate. The present invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and maintain, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of a water source migration law simulation experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a part of the structure of the aquifer simulation structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention in a top view is shown;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the specific structure of a rectangular plastic frame provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 4 A partial structural schematic diagram of a water pipe assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 5 A partial structural schematic diagram of a water injection head provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown when viewed from an upward angle.

[0024] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0025] 10. Water injection assembly; 11. Water tank; 12. Flow meter; 13. Water pump; 14. Soft water pipe;

[0026] 20. Water pipe assembly; 21. Water injection head; 211. First pipe; 212. Second pipe; 22. Communication water pipe; 23. Water supply pipe; 24. Drain hole;

[0027] 30. Water-blocking layer simulation structure;

[0028] 40. Aquifer simulation structure; 41. Peripheral simulated aquifer; 42. Aquifer aggregate;

[0029] 50. Protective shell;

[0030] 60. Rectangular plastic frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration, including: a water injection component 10, a water pipe component 20, an aquiclude simulation structure 30 and an aquifer simulation structure 40, the aquifer simulation structure 40 is arranged on the aquiclude simulation structure 30, the aquiclude simulation structure 30 adopts a water-insulating material to simulate an actual underground aquiclude; the aquifer simulation structure 40 includes a peripheral simulated aquifer 41 and a water injection layer aggregate 42, the peripheral simulated aquifer 41 has a hollow cavity in the middle, and the water injection layer aggregate 42 fills the hollow cavity; the water injection component 10 is connected to the water pipe component 20 through a pipeline, the water pipe component 20 includes a plurality of water injection heads 21, and the plurality of water injection heads 21 are respectively arranged in the water injection layer aggregate 42 at intervals, and the water injection component 10 injects water into the water injection layer aggregate 42 through the water injection heads 21. Water with a set flow rate and a set pressure is injected into the water injection layer aggregate 42; the inner wall of the hollow cavity is provided with a water-blocking material to prevent the water in the water injection layer aggregate 42 from leaking into the peripheral simulated aquifer 41; the water injection layer aggregate 42 adopts gravel materials with different particle sizes, and the gaps between the gravel materials are used to simulate the water source distribution in the actual underground aquifer; wherein, the aquifer simulation structure 40 is used to simulate the actual underground aquifer; after the aquiclude simulation structure 30 is broken, the water in the water injection layer aggregate 42 leaks and migrates through the aquiclude simulation structure 30 to simulate the actual water source migration process; when the peripheral simulated aquifer 41 is broken and the water-blocking material on the inner wall of the hollow cavity or the aquiclude simulation structure 30 is not broken, the water in the water injection layer aggregate 42 does not leak and migrate.

[0033] By setting up an aquifer simulation structure including a peripheral simulated aquifer 41 and an injection layer aggregate 42, a plurality of water injection heads 21 are respectively and spaced apart in the injection layer aggregate, thereby avoiding direct contact between the water injection heads 21 and the peripheral simulated aquifer 41, and avoiding the reinforcing effect of the strength of the water injection heads 21 and the water pipes themselves on the peripheral simulated aquifer 41, so that the strength of the peripheral simulated aquifer 41 in the simulation experiment is consistent with the strength of the actual underground aquifer, thereby ensuring the accuracy and representativeness of the experimental results; at the same time, by setting up an aquiclude simulation structure 30 and an aquifer simulation structure 40 in coordination, the water leakage and migration phenomenon that occurs after the aquiclude is broken under the aquifer in reality can be equivalently simulated; by setting up the injection layer aggregate of the simulation experiment Material 42 uses gravel materials with different particle sizes, so that the gaps between the gravel materials can simulate the water source distribution in the actual underground aquifer, and the water source leakage and migration are consistent with the actual situation, thereby ensuring the accurate simulation of the water source migration law; the experimental device for simulating the water source migration law proposed by the present invention can simulate the migration characteristics of groundwater after the aquifer is broken due to the movement of the overburden after coal mining, and provide structural support for the site selection and water source prediction of underground reservoirs in coal mines; compared with the prior art, the present invention can better simulate the aquifer, make the aquifer pores filled with water evenly without affecting the strength of similar materials of the aquifer, and make the similar simulation test results of the groundwater migration law of coal mining and the overburden stratum breaking characteristics more accurate. The present invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and maintain, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the water pipe assembly 20 also includes a connecting water pipe 22 and multiple water supply pipes 23, one ends of the multiple water supply pipes 23 are respectively connected to the connecting water pipe 22 and are arranged in parallel; the other end of a water supply pipe 23 is connected to a water injection head 21, and the water supply pipe 23 is extended in the vertical direction; wherein the water injection head 21 is a cross water head, the cross water head includes a first pipe 211 and a second pipe 212, the first pipe 211 and the second pipe 212 are vertically crossed and connected to each other, and the intersection position of the first pipe 211 and the second pipe 212 is connected to the water supply pipe 23; the first pipe 211 and the second pipe 212 are both provided with drainage holes 24, the drainage holes 24 are vertically downwardly arranged, and are used to inject water into the gaps between the stone materials in the aggregate 42 of the injection layer; the central axis of the first pipe 211, the central axis of the second pipe 212, and the central axis of the water supply pipe 23 are arranged perpendicular to each other.

[0035] By setting up the water injection component 10, the water pipe component 20, the impermeable layer simulation structure 30 and the aquifer simulation structure 40, the migration law of groundwater under different geological conditions (such as impermeable layer rupture) can be simulated; the use of the water injection layer aggregate 42 makes the water source distribution closer to the actual situation, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the experiment.

[0036] like Figure 2As shown, the thickness of the peripheral simulated aquifer 41 in the vertical direction is greater than the outer diameters of the first tube 211 and the second tube 212 ; the thickness of the injection layer aggregate 42 in the vertical direction is greater than the outer diameters of the first tube 211 and the second tube 212 .

[0037] By designing the thickness of the gravel material and the water pipe assembly 20, the influence of the water pipe on the strength of the aquifer is reduced, and the stability of the aquifer simulation structure 40 is ensured, so that the experimental results are closer to the actual geological conditions and the scientificity and practicality of the experiment are improved.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the outer diameters of the first tube 211 and the second tube 212 are the same and do not exceed 0.5 cm; the projection of the drainage hole 24 in the vertical direction is circular.

[0039] By limiting the outer diameter of the first tube 211 and the second tube 212 to no more than 0.5 cm and the projection view shape of the drainage hole 24 to a circle, it is possible to ensure that water is injected more evenly, reduce the local adverse effects of water flow on the experimental structure, and facilitate experimental observation and data collection.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the experimental device for simulating water source migration law also includes a protective shell 50, which is made of transparent material and has an installation cavity inside. The water-proof layer simulation structure 30 and the aquifer simulation structure 40 are both arranged in the installation cavity and abut against the inner wall of the installation cavity.

[0041] By providing the transparent protective shell 50, the internal structure and water source movement during the experiment can be directly observed, which is beneficial for researchers to monitor the progress of the experiment in real time, adjust the experimental parameters in time, and improve the visualization and controllability of the experiment.

[0042] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the shape of the hollow cavity is a cuboid, the shape of the mounting cavity is a cuboid, and the side wall of the hollow cavity is arranged parallel to the side wall of the corresponding mounting cavity, and the distance between them is not less than 5 cm.

[0043] By setting the hollow cavity and the mounting cavity in parallel and designing the distance between the two, the stability of the experimental structure is ensured. At the same time, it is also convenient to observe and analyze the simulated structure during the experiment, thereby improving the accuracy and scientificity of the experiment.

[0044] like Figure 2As shown, the injection layer aggregate 42 is formed by stacking gravel materials with different particle sizes in layers, and the gravel materials are abutted but not adhered to each other to simulate the actual underground aquifer; and / or, the peripheral simulated aquifer 41 is made of solid-liquid coupling material, the solid-liquid coupling material includes a solid phase and a liquid phase, the solid phase includes at least one of sand, clay, and quartz sand, and the liquid phase includes pure water or an aqueous solution; the ratio of the solid phase to the liquid phase corresponds to the solid-liquid ratio in the actual underground aquifer.

[0045] By stacking gravel materials of different particle sizes in layers and applying solid-liquid coupling materials, the physical properties and geological structure of the actual aquifer can be simulated more realistically, improving the credibility of the experimental results; by setting the solid-liquid ratio of the solid-liquid coupling material to correspond to the actual underground aquifer, the accuracy of the experiment and the simulation effect are further enhanced.

[0046] It should be noted that: in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the solid-liquid coupling material is usually composed of two parts, a solid phase and a liquid phase, and is used to simulate the structure of an underground aquifer; the solid phase is usually a material with certain strength and stability, such as sand, clay, quartz sand, etc.; the liquid phase is usually a fluid liquid, such as water or other fluids; in the experiment of simulating the law of groundwater migration, the ratio and structure of the solid phase and the liquid phase can be adjusted and designed according to specific experimental requirements to simulate different types of underground aquifer structures and hydrogeological conditions; the selection and design of the solid-liquid coupling material has an important influence on the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the water injection assembly 10 includes: a water tank 11, a flow meter 12, a water pump 13 and a soft water pipe 14; one end of the soft water pipe 14 is connected to the water pipe assembly 20, and the other end is connected to the outlet of the water pump 13, the water pump 13 and the flow meter 12 are respectively connected to the water tank 11 through the same pipeline, the water tank 11 is used to store water, the water pump 13 is used to drive the water in the water tank 11 to enter the water pipe assembly 20 at a set pressure and a set flow, and the flow meter 12 is used to measure the water flow in the pipeline.

[0048] By setting up the water injection assembly 10 including the water tank 11, the flow meter 12, the water pump 13 and the soft water pipe 14, the precise control of the water source in the experiment is ensured, different water pressure and flow conditions can be simulated, and the versatility of the experimental device and the flexibility of the experiment are enhanced.

[0049] The present invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the law of water source migration, which comprises the following steps: S1, installing a protective shell 50, designing the thickness of the aquifer simulation structure 30 and the aquifer simulation structure 40 according to the actual geological conditions to be simulated, and sequentially paving the simulated coal seam, the simulated overburden layer and the aquifer simulation structure 30 from bottom to top in the installation cavity of the protective shell 50; S2, placing a rectangular plastic frame 60 in the installation cavity and above the aquifer simulation structure 30 that has been laid, setting the outer wall of the rectangular plastic frame 60 to be parallel to the corresponding side wall of the installation cavity, and the distance is 5 cm, and then using a solid-liquid coupling material to fill the space between the rectangular plastic frame 60 and the side wall of the installation cavity, and calculating the ratio of the solid phase and the liquid phase in the solid-liquid coupling material according to the spatial ratio to correspond to the solid-liquid ratio in the actual underground aquifer, and compacting after the filling is completed to form the peripheral simulated aquifer 41; S3, removing the rectangular plastic frame 60, and forming a peripheral simulated aquifer 41 in the middle of the peripheral simulated aquifer 41. A hollow cavity is formed, and a water-blocking material is applied on the inner wall of the hollow cavity; a water pipe assembly 20 is installed in the hollow cavity, and multiple water injection heads 21 in the water pipe assembly 20 are evenly arranged in the hollow cavity, and then the hollow cavity is filled with stone materials of different particle sizes to form a water injection layer aggregate 42, and the upper part of the water injection layer aggregate 42 is leveled, and the height of the water injection layer aggregate 42 is set to be the same as the height of the hollow cavity; S4, after the aquifer simulation structure 40 is arranged, the water injection assembly 10 is controlled to set the flow rate through the water injection head 21 Water of set pressure is injected into the injection layer aggregate 42 to start the experiment of simulating the water source migration law. During the experiment, the water pressure is kept stable, and the simulated coal seam and the simulated overburden layer are destroyed in turn to simulate the migration and fracture process of the excavated coal seam and the overburden layer in actual mining step by step. When the aquiclude simulation structure 30 produces delamination cracks due to deformation or produces water-conducting cracks due to fracture, the water in the injection layer aggregate 42 migrates downward through the delamination cracks or water-conducting cracks to show the water source migration law in the coal seam mining process.

[0050] By adopting the method of step-by-step laying and controlled destruction, the coal seam mining and the migration and fracture process of the overlying rock strata were simulated. The detailed steps of the experimental method help researchers to conduct experimental operations in a more systematic and scientific manner, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, between step S3 and step S4, a supplementary layout step is also included: after the aquifer simulation structure 40 is laid out, a ground layer is laid above the aquifer simulation structure 40 in accordance with the actual geological conditions, and the ground layer uses solid-liquid coupling materials to simulate the influence of the ground stress generated by the rock layer above the actual aquifer on the aquifer.

[0052] It should be noted that: in a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the outer simulated aquifer 41 is laid, a solid-liquid coupling similar simulation material is pre-laid on the inner wall of the hollow cavity of the outer simulated aquifer 41 to form a fence with a certain height and thickness, and the fence is treated for anti-seepage, and then stones with different particle size ratios are laid therein, and a plurality of evenly distributed vertical water supply pipes 23 are arranged while laying the stones, the top of each water supply pipe 23 is higher than the aquifer simulation structure 40, and a water injection head 21 is connected to the bottom of each water supply pipe 23, and drainage holes 24 are evenly arranged around the water injection head 21; the height of the fence is slightly higher than the external pipe diameter of the water injection head 21 to reduce the influence of stones with different particle size ratios on the strength of the aquifer; when the laying height of the stones is consistent with the pre-laid fence height, then the solid-liquid coupling similar simulation material is continued to be laid above the stones to simulate the entire aquifer, and finally the upper rock layer is continued to be laid above the aquifer until the simulated stratum pre-designed in the test plan is laid.

[0053] The advantage of this experimental device is that it can accurately simulate the water source migration law of the peripheral simulated aquifer 41, and can adapt to the experimental needs of different scales and conditions by adjusting the dimensions of the aquiclude simulation structure 30 and the aquifer simulation structure 40, the particle size distribution of the gravel in the stone material and the working mode of the water injection component 10; the water pump 13 adopts a variable frequency constant pressure water pump 13, and the flow meter 12 adopts a high-precision flow meter, which ensures the stable control of the head pressure and the inlet and outlet water volume, and improves the accuracy and reliability of the experiment; in addition, the present invention can also be combined with the existing intelligent control system to realize the automatic monitoring and adjustment of the experimental process, greatly improving the experimental efficiency; the intelligent control system is also integrated with a data acquisition system, which is convenient for collecting and analyzing experimental data, and provides strong support for scientific research and engineering applications; through the use of this device, the understanding of the migration law of the aquifer can be significantly improved, and a scientific basis can be provided for groundwater management, pollution control and water resources development, which has important academic value and practical application benefits.

[0054] In summary, the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration and an experimental method for simulating the law of water source migration. The present invention sets an aquifer simulation structure including a peripheral simulated aquifer 41 and an injection layer aggregate 42, and multiple injection heads 21 are respectively and spaced apart in the injection layer aggregate, thereby avoiding the injection heads 21 from directly contacting the peripheral simulated aquifer 41, and avoiding the reinforcing effect of the injection heads 21 and the water pipes themselves on the peripheral simulated aquifer 41, so that the strength of the peripheral simulated aquifer 41 in the simulation experiment is consistent with the strength of the actual underground aquifer, thereby ensuring the accuracy and representativeness of the experimental results; at the same time, by setting the aquifer simulation structure 30 and the aquifer simulation structure 40 in coordination, the water flow that occurs after the aquifer below the aquifer is broken in reality can be equivalently simulated. Source leakage and migration phenomenon; by setting the simulated experimental water injection layer aggregate 42 to use gravel materials with different particle sizes, the gaps between the gravel materials can simulate the water source distribution in the actual underground aquifer, and the water source leakage and migration are consistent with the actual situation, thereby ensuring the accurate simulation of the water source migration law; the experimental device for simulating the water source migration law proposed by the present invention can simulate the migration characteristics of groundwater after the aquifer is broken due to the movement of the overburden after coal mining, and provide structural support for the site selection and water source prediction of underground reservoirs in coal mines; compared with the prior art, the present invention can better simulate the aquifer, make the aquifer pores filled with water evenly without affecting the strength of similar materials in the aquifer, and make the similar simulation test results of the groundwater migration law of coal mining and the overburden stratum breaking characteristics more accurate. The present invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and subsequently maintain, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0055] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0056] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0058] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0059] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating water source migration law, characterized in that: include: A water injection assembly (10), a water pipe assembly (20), an aquiclude simulation structure (30) and an aquifer simulation structure (40); the aquifer simulation structure (40) is arranged on the aquiclude simulation structure (30); the aquiclude simulation structure (30) uses a water-insulating material to simulate an actual underground aquiclude; the aquifer simulation structure (40) comprises a peripheral simulated aquifer (41) and an aquiclude aggregate (42); the peripheral simulated aquifer (41) has a hollow cavity in the middle, and the aquiclude aggregate (42) fills the hollow cavity; the water injection assembly (10) is connected to the water pipe assembly (20) through a pipeline; the water pipe assembly (20) comprises a plurality of water injection heads (21); the plurality of water injection heads (21) are respectively arranged at intervals in the aquiclude aggregate (42); the water injection assembly (10) adjusts the set flow rate and set pressure through the water injection heads (21). The water of the injection layer aggregate (42) is injected with a force; the inner wall of the hollow cavity is provided with a water-blocking material to prevent the water in the injection layer aggregate (42) from leaking into the peripheral simulated aquifer (41); the injection layer aggregate (42) is made of stone materials with different particle sizes, and the gaps between the stone materials are used to simulate the water source distribution in the actual underground aquifer; wherein the aquifer simulation structure (40) is used to simulate the actual underground aquifer; after the aquiclude simulation structure (30) is broken, the water in the injection layer aggregate (42) leaks and migrates through the aquiclude simulation structure (30) to simulate the actual water source migration process; when the peripheral simulated aquifer (41) is broken and the water-blocking material on the inner wall of the hollow cavity or the aquiclude simulation structure (30) is not broken, the water in the injection layer aggregate (42) does not leak and migrate.

2. The experimental device for simulating water source migration law according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water pipe assembly (20) further comprises a connecting water pipe (22) and a plurality of water supply pipes (23), one end of each of the plurality of water supply pipes (23) being connected to the connecting water pipe (22) and arranged in parallel; the other end of one of the water supply pipes (23) being connected to one of the water injection heads (21), the water supply pipe (23) being arranged to extend in a vertical direction; wherein the water injection head (21) is a cross water head, the cross water head comprising a first pipe (211) and a second pipe (212), the first pipe (211) and the second pipe (212) The first tube (211) and the second tube (212) are arranged vertically and cross-connected with each other, and the intersection of the first tube (211) and the second tube (212) is connected with the water supply pipe (23); the first tube (211) and the second tube (212) are both provided with drainage holes (24), and the drainage holes (24) are arranged vertically downward and are used to inject water into the gaps between the stone materials in the aggregate (42) of the water injection layer; the central axis of the first tube (211), the central axis of the second tube (212), and the central axis of the water supply pipe (23) are arranged vertically with respect to each other.

3. The experimental device for simulating water source migration law according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The thickness of the peripheral simulated aquifer (41) in the vertical direction is greater than the outer diameters of the first tube (211) and the second tube (212); the thickness of the water injection layer aggregate (42) in the vertical direction is greater than the outer diameters of the first tube (211) and the second tube (212).

4. The experimental device for simulating water source migration law according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer diameters of the first tube (211) and the second tube (212) are the same and do not exceed 0.5 cm; the projection of the drainage hole (24) in the vertical direction is circular.

5. The experimental device for simulating water source migration law according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration also includes a protective shell (50), the protective shell (50) is made of transparent material and has an installation cavity inside, the water-blocking layer simulation structure (30) and the aquifer simulation structure (40) are both arranged in the installation cavity and abut against the inner wall of the installation cavity.

6. The experimental device for simulating water source migration law according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The shape of the hollow cavity is a cuboid, the shape of the installation cavity is a cuboid, and the side wall of the hollow cavity is arranged parallel to the corresponding side wall of the installation cavity, and the distance between them is not less than 5 cm.

7. The experimental device for simulating water source migration law according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The injection layer aggregate (42) is formed by stacking gravel materials with different particle sizes in layers, and the gravel materials are in contact with each other but not sticky, so as to simulate an actual underground aquifer; and / or, the peripheral simulated aquifer (41) is made of solid-liquid coupling material, and the solid-liquid coupling material includes a solid phase and a liquid phase, the solid phase includes at least one of sand, clay, and quartz sand, and the liquid phase includes pure water or an aqueous solution; the ratio of the solid phase to the liquid phase corresponds to the solid-liquid ratio in the actual underground aquifer.

8. The experimental device for simulating water source migration law according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water injection assembly (10) comprises: a water tank (11), a flow meter (12), a water pump (13) and a soft water pipe (14); one end of the soft water pipe (14) is connected to the water pipe assembly (20), and the other end is connected to the outlet of the water pump (13); the water pump (13) and the flow meter (12) are respectively connected to the water tank (11) through the same pipeline; the water tank (11) is used to store water; the water pump (13) is used to drive the water in the water tank (11) to enter the water pipe assembly (20) at a set pressure and a set flow rate; and the flow meter (12) is used to measure the water flow rate in the pipeline.

9. An experimental method for simulating the law of water source migration, characterized in that: The experimental method for simulating the law of water source migration is applied to the experimental device for simulating the law of water source migration according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the experimental method for simulating the law of water source migration comprises the following steps: S1, installing the protective shell (50), designing the thickness of the aquifer simulation structure (30) and the aquifer simulation structure (40) according to the actual geological conditions to be simulated, and sequentially laying the simulated coal seam, the simulated overburden layer and the aquifer simulation structure (30) from bottom to top in the installation cavity of the protective shell (50); S2, placing a rectangular plastic frame (60) in the installation cavity and above the already laid water-insulating layer simulation structure (30), setting the outer wall of the rectangular plastic frame (60) parallel to the corresponding side wall of the installation cavity, and the distance is 5 cm, then using solid-liquid coupling material to fill the space between the rectangular plastic frame (60) and the side wall of the installation cavity, and calculating the ratio of solid phase to liquid phase in the solid-liquid coupling material according to the spatial ratio to correspond to the solid-liquid ratio in the actual underground aquifer, and compacting after filling to form the peripheral simulated aquifer (41); S3, removing the rectangular plastic frame (60), forming the hollow cavity in the middle of the peripheral simulated aquifer (41), and applying water-blocking material on the inner wall of the hollow cavity; installing the water pipe assembly (20) in the hollow cavity, evenly distributing the multiple water injection heads (21) in the water pipe assembly (20) in the hollow cavity, and then filling the hollow cavity with stone materials of different particle sizes to form the water injection layer aggregate (42), leveling the upper part of the water injection layer aggregate (42), and setting the height of the water injection layer aggregate (42) to be the same as the height of the hollow cavity; S4. After the aquifer simulation structure (40) is laid out, the water injection assembly (10) is controlled to inject water of a set flow rate and a set pressure into the water injection layer aggregate (42) through the water injection head (21), and the experiment of simulating the water source migration law is started. During the experiment, the water pressure is kept stable, and the simulated coal seam and the simulated overburden layer are destroyed in turn to simulate the migration and fracture process of the excavated coal seam and the overburden layer in actual mining step by step; when the aquiclude simulation structure (30) produces delamination cracks due to deformation or produces water-conducting cracks due to fracture, the water in the water injection layer aggregate (42) migrates downward through the delamination cracks or the water-conducting cracks to show the water source migration law during coal seam mining.

10. The experimental method for simulating water source migration law according to claim 9, characterized in that: Between step S3 and step S4, a supplementary installation step is also included: after the installation of the aquifer simulation structure (40) is completed, a ground layer is laid above the aquifer simulation structure (40) in accordance with actual geological conditions, and the ground layer uses solid-liquid coupling materials to simulate the influence of the ground stress generated by the rock layer above the actual aquifer on the aquifer.

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