Particle swarm-based deepening design method of external envelope insulation board

Abstract

The invention provides a particle swarm-based deepened design method for an external envelope insulation board, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a BIM (Building Information Modeling) model of an external envelope construction area based on a building structure model of a to-be-constructed area by utilizing coordinate information of an external envelope to be constructed; in the BIM model, constructing an outer enclosure insulation board arrangement deepening model, and setting intelligent arrangement parameters of the deepening model; determining a target area, dividing the target area and determining an arrangement method in the target area in an outer enclosure to-be-constructed area in sequence by utilizing the outer enclosure insulation board arrangement deepening model; and optimizing the intelligent arrangement parameters by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm, sorting the plurality of intelligent arrangement parameters, and outputting an intelligent arrangement scheme of the insulation boards according to the sorting of the intelligent parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of thermal insulation board construction design, and in particular to a particle group-based in-depth design method for an external protective thermal insulation board. Background Art

[0002] In the existing technology, the use of BIM software to carry out in-depth construction design of the external enclosure insulation system, complete three-dimensional models, material quantity lists, construction in-depth drawings and other work in the planning stage, improve on-site construction efficiency and construction quality, and become a key construction measure.

[0003] However, the current conventional insulation board deepening design has the following problems: ① The exterior wall insulation boards of each facade can only be deepened independently according to each facade, and cannot be deepened efficiently and synchronously; ② The layout model quickly generated by the plug-in needs to be adjusted twice; ③ Manual layout based on experience takes a lot of time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a detailed design method of the external enclosure insulation board based on a particle swarm. After abstracting the detailed arrangement problem of the external enclosure insulation system into a "three-dimensional packing" problem, the arrangement can be optimized based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal solution. It can be done in one step without adjustment, directly improving the efficiency and quality of the detailed design stage of construction.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] The in-depth design method of the external enclosure insulation board based on particle swarm includes the following steps:

[0007] Using the coordinate information of the outer enclosure to be constructed, a BIM model of the outer enclosure construction area is constructed based on the building structure model of the area to be constructed;

[0008] In the BIM model, build a detailed model for the layout of the external enclosure insulation board and set the intelligent layout parameters of the detailed model;

[0009] Using the layout deepening model of the external enclosure insulation board, the target area of ​​the external enclosure to be constructed is determined, the target area is divided, and the layout method within the target area is determined;

[0010] The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the intelligent arrangement parameters, and several intelligent arrangement parameters are sorted. According to the sorting of the intelligent parameters, an intelligent arrangement scheme of the insulation board is output.

[0011] Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization algorithm includes constraints, decision variables and fitness functions. The constraints are that in the three-dimensional BIM model, the insulation boards are arranged in the target area, and several insulation boards are located in the same plane and are arranged in parallel.

[0012] Furthermore, the decision variable is specifically a target area formed by connecting single facades in a set direction order or number order.

[0013] Furthermore, the division of the target area also includes the division of the area of ​​the standard layer of the exterior wall, specifically:

[0014] QS i =H i ×(L i +2×bh)-S d

[0015] Among them, QSi represents the area of ​​the target area formed by the arrangement of the external wall insulation panels of each facade, and H i is the floor height of the standard floor area, L i is the vertical length, N i is the number of window openings on the facade, S d It is the reserved opening area for other purposes, bh is the thickness of the insulation board, and i takes the value of 1, 2, ... n, which indicates the direction or number of the single facade;

[0016] If n represents the direction in the setting list, n is less than or equal to 4.

[0017] It also includes the setting of penalty function, specifically:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, P5 is the penalty function, S i It is the total area of ​​whole insulation board, cut insulation board, corner insulation board and corner insulation board in all facade areas.

[0020] Furthermore, the fitness function is specifically for determining the area within the target area, specifically calculating the insulation board areas at different positions of the exterior wall insulation boards in each exterior protection area to be constructed, converting the multiple objectives constituted by the insulation board areas at different positions into a single objective, and then setting a penalty factor to form a fitness function. The fitness function obtains the intelligent board arrangement method of the target area through the optimal solution.

[0021] Furthermore, the insulation board areas at different positions include at least the insulation board laying P1 at the four corners of the facade window openings; the non-whole insulation board area P2 at the edge of a single facade window opening, the insulation board area P3 on both sides of the facade window openings, and the whole insulation board area P4 on the upper and lower parts of the facade window openings.

[0022] Furthermore, by setting weights for the objective functions P1, P2, P3 and P4, the multiple objectives are converted into a single objective, specifically by using formula (2);

[0023]

[0024] Here P i represents the original data, P i，min represents the minimum value in the data set, and Pi,max represents the maximum value in the data set.

[0025] It also includes setting the penalty factor to k, and the fitness function is:

[0026]

[0027] By calculating the adaptive function, the optimal arrangement is obtained.

[0028] Furthermore, the insulation board arrangement includes exterior wall insulation board arrangement and roof insulation board arrangement, and the exterior enclosure insulation board arrangement deepening model includes exterior wall exterior enclosure insulation board arrangement deepening model and roof exterior enclosure insulation board arrangement deepening model.

[0029] Furthermore, it also includes generating an anchor bolt arrangement model based on the intelligent arrangement plan of the insulation panels.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] In the present invention, the particle swarm algorithm can effectively solve the three-dimensional packing problem and perform a unified optimal deepening arrangement in three-dimensional space, which is an iterative method for deepening arrangement in traditional two-dimensional layers and requires manual adjustment.

[0032] The three-dimensional design in the prior art basically designs each independent facade first, and then designs the joints. The design of the joints requires multiple design considerations. In the present invention, the insulation boards at all facades and joints are designed at one time without multiple designs. In addition, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the intelligent arrangement parameters to form the optimal intelligent arrangement scheme for the insulation boards. The scheme contains the arrangement of multiple facades, facade joints, windows and other special locations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for deepening the design of an external protection insulation board based on a particle swarm provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 The arrangement diagram of the external protection insulation board obtained by the in-depth design method in the prior art;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a single side of an outer peripheral thermal insulation board designed by the in-depth design method of the outer peripheral thermal insulation board based on particle swarms provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an outer peripheral thermal insulation board designed by the in-depth design method of the outer peripheral thermal insulation board based on particle swarm provided by the present invention;

[0037] In the figure:

[0038] 100, single facade; 200, insulation board; 300, fire isolation zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with various embodiments, but it should be noted that these embodiments are not limitations of the present invention, and any equivalent transformations or substitutions in functions, methods, or structures made by ordinary technicians in the field based on these embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Refer to the attached Figure 1 As shown, the particle swarm-based in-depth design method of the external enclosure insulation board in the present invention specifically regards the in-depth design of the intelligent layout of the external enclosure insulation board as a three-dimensional packing problem, and then after inputting parameters, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to perform layout optimization, thereby generating the in-depth intelligent layout models of the external wall insulation board and the roof insulation board respectively.

[0041] The specific scheme in this embodiment is as follows:

[0042] The first step is to use BIM technology to create parametric families of exterior wall insulation boards, roof insulation boards, and insulation board anchor bolts;

[0043] The second step is to model the target area for the insulation board layout, using the "building wall" module for the exterior wall and the "floor slab" module for the roof, and set the layout starting point;

[0044] In this step, it is necessary to collect coordinate information of the area to be constructed, and then form a BIM model of the area to be constructed.

[0045] The third step is to set the parameters of intelligent layout in the BIM model, involving insulation boards, fire isolation zones, insulation board anchor bolts, etc., to prepare for the subsequent insulation board layout.

[0046] The fourth step is to determine the target area and its division.

[0047] In the BIM model, the target area is determined based on the area to be constructed, and the exterior wall area and roof area where the insulation panels are arranged are modeled separately. The "building wall" module is used for the exterior wall, and the "floor" module is used for the roof, and the three-dimensional layout starting point (0,0,0) is specified.

[0048] In this embodiment, when the target area is divided, the outer wall area is composed of four facades connected end to end in the east, west, south and north, and a single facade can be divided into a non-standard layer area, a standard layer area, and a roof layer area. Therefore, the outer wall area can be divided into 12 sub-areas according to the structural elevation and the facade boundary; the roof area can be divided into the equipment foundation area, the parapet area, the roof wall area, and the large roof area. The specific selection can be made according to the actual situation of the project. In this embodiment, the particle swarm solution is used to solve the division problem, thereby simplifying the complex problem and reducing the calculations in the subsequent division.

[0049] The target area division in this embodiment specifically uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm to perform arrangement optimization and obtain an optimal solution, thereby generating a three-dimensional model of intelligent arrangement of insulation panels.

[0050] Taking the exterior enclosure insulation system as an example, in the entire layout and in-depth design, the most complex area is the standard layer area of ​​the exterior wall facade, and the layout of the non-standard layer area and the roof layer area of ​​the exterior wall can follow the standard layer layout. In the prior art, the layout design is performed separately for the standard layer and the window opening, with a layout diagram for the standard layer and a node diagram for the window opening.

[0051] 1) Expressed in terms of standard floor area of ​​exterior walls.

[0052] The area of ​​the standard layer of the exterior wall can be expressed as:

[0053] QS i =H i ×(L i +2×bh)-S d

[0054] Among them, H i is the floor height of the standard floor area, L i is the vertical length, N i is the number of window openings on the facade, S d is the reserved opening area for others, bh is the thickness of the insulation board, and i is 1, 2, 3, and 4, which represent the east facade, west facade, south facade, and north facade respectively. Of course, i can also represent a number, in which case the value of i is 1, 2...n, and its value can be increased.

[0055] Through this formula, the area of ​​the target area formed by the arrangement of the exterior wall insulation panels on each facade can be calculated.

[0056] 2) The area of ​​the insulation board at the four corners of the facade exterior wall opening.

[0057] In this embodiment, insulation boards are laid at the four corners of the window openings on the facade exterior wall, and the objective function calculation formula is as follows:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, P1 is the area of ​​the insulation board at the cut corner of the facade window opening, N i is the number of window openings on the facade, bc and bk are the length and width of the insulation board, a and b are the length and width of the insulation board corner cut.

[0060] 3) Insulation panels are used at the upper and lower edges of window openings on the facade.

[0061] In this embodiment, the objective function calculation formula for laying the insulation board at the upper and lower edges of the window opening of the facade is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, P2 is the non-integral insulation board area at the upper and lower edges of a single window opening on the facade, and cc is the length of the window opening on the facade;

[0064] 4) Representation of insulation panels on both sides of window openings on the facade exterior wall.

[0065] In this embodiment, insulation boards are laid on both sides of the window openings of the facade exterior wall, and the insulation boards at the intersections of the facades are cut materials. The objective function calculation formula is as follows:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, P3 is the area of ​​the insulation board on both sides of the facade window opening, bh is the thickness of the insulation board, and cg is the height of the facade window opening;

[0068] 5) Insulation panels at the hinged joints of each facade.

[0069] In this embodiment, except for the surroundings and both sides of the window opening, the insulation boards in other facade areas are laid, and the insulation boards at the intersections of the facades are cut materials. According to the empirical data under the relevant specifications, the objective function calculation formula is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, P4 is the area of ​​the entire insulation board above and below the facade window opening.

[0072] 5) Weight configuration and output of optimal arrangement results.

[0073] By setting a certain weight, multi-target transfer target processing is performed, and the calculation formula is:

[0074]

[0075] In this embodiment, P i represents the original data, P i，minrepresents the minimum value in the data set, and Pi,max represents the maximum value in the data set.

[0076] According to the importance of each objective function to the optimization result, the weights of multiple objective functions are set: (1) Minimum use of insulation board: 0.2, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4; (2) Minimum manual cutting of insulation board: 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.2; (3) Balanced configuration: 0.1, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3.

[0077] In this embodiment, the weights here are specifically variables, and the four corners of the P1 window opening, the upper and lower edges of the P2 window opening, the two sides of the P3 window opening, and the intersection of the P4 facades can be arranged to achieve weight distribution according to different requirements, as follows:

[0078] (1) The least amount of insulation board is used: P4 has the highest weight.

[0079] (2) The least manual cutting of insulation boards: P3 has the highest weight, followed by P1 and P2.

[0080] (3) Balanced configuration: P4 and P3 are the highest and the same.

[0081] It also includes the penalty function P5, which is the minimum value of the objective function under the constraint conditions, and its formula is:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, QS i Arrange the target area for the facade insulation board, i.e. QS i is the sum of each facade, such as P1, P2, P3 and P4; S i The total area of ​​the whole insulation board, cut insulation board, corner insulation board and corner insulation board cut in all facade areas;

[0084] 6) The penalty factor is set to k, so the fitness function can be obtained as follows:

[0085]

[0086] By calculating the adaptive function, the optimal amount of insulation board, cutting amount and balanced configuration are obtained, and then based on the result, the optimal arrangement is output.

[0087] The adaptive function in this embodiment does not use P iThe software is presented in code, and the answer is the optimal solution set of Xn (n ranges from 1 to 17, from the table below). Finally, the insulation board is automatically arranged according to the optimal solution. The software is presented in code, and the answer is the optimal solution set of Xn (n ranges from 1 to 17, from the table below). Finally, the insulation board is automatically arranged according to the optimal solution.

[0088] In summary, the exterior wall insulation board arrangement method is:

[0089] (1) Obtain the fire insulation grade data of the insulation board. If it is grade A, there is no need to set up a fire isolation zone. If it is less than grade A, it is necessary to first locate and layout the fire isolation zone. The center line of the fire isolation zone is generally the structural elevation of the building floor, and the width is 300 mm.

[0090] (2) Obtain the opening position coordinates of the target area, obtain the position coordinates of the top two door corners for the door opening, and obtain the position coordinates of the four window corners for the window opening, and set the insulation board with cut corners of 200×200 mm for pre-arrangement;

[0091] (3) The whole board is connected horizontally along the four corners of the opening until the boundary of the target area. The staggered joints at the junction of the facades can be selected arbitrarily and realized by cutting the insulation board at the edge. At the same time, the rationality of the horizontal cutting of the insulation board at the corners of the opening is reviewed to complete the first optimization adjustment;

[0092] (4) The insulation boards in the longitudinal areas on both sides of the door and window openings are laid out simultaneously from the upper and lower corners to the middle. First, use the whole board or the insulation board that meets the requirements of the staggered seam specification, and then arrange them alternately with the insulation boards of the same length cut at the corners of the opening. Finally, use the insulation boards of reasonable width to fully cover the middle part of the longitudinal area. Similarly, the rationality of the longitudinal cutting of the insulation boards at the corners of the opening needs to be reviewed to complete the second optimization adjustment;

[0093] (5) For the remaining target areas that do not involve door and window openings, continue to arrange them according to the arrangement rules of the opening sides that have been arranged and optimized. When the insulation boards intersect, they can be arranged and adjusted using non-whole boards without violating the requirements of relevant specifications, thus completing the third optimization adjustment;

[0094] (6) The insulation board at the reserved opening of the exterior wall must be a whole board and the opening cannot be at the edge, completing the fourth optimization adjustment;

[0095] (7) The insulation boards on the sides of door and window openings and on the sides of canopies at entrances and exits shall be set according to the full length and can be accurately measured. They can be flexibly adjusted during on-site construction or finished components can be used.

[0096] The roof insulation board arrangement method:

[0097] (1) Obtain target area information of rooms such as roof equipment rooms and stairwells, and complete the arrangement of vertical insulation panels. The arrangement principle is the same as that of external wall insulation panels, and they are arranged throughout the roof;

[0098] (2) Obtain the target area information of components such as equipment foundation and roof flue, and complete the arrangement of vertical insulation panels;

[0099] (3) If insulation board is used as a waterproof protective layer on the inner side of the parapet, it is also necessary to obtain the target area information and complete the insulation board layout;

[0100] (4) Based on the location of the large roof separation seam, complete the layout of the exhaust pipe, determine the path of the exhaust cross pipe, and arrange the insulation board according to the target area after the exhaust cross pipe is divided;

[0101] (5) Whole panels must be used at reserved openings such as rainwater outlets, and the openings cannot be at the edges to complete the overall optimization and adjustment of the roof insulation board layout.

[0102] Step 5: Based on the three-dimensional model of the insulation board arrangement, according to the output result of the fitness function and in combination with the specification, a three-dimensional model of the insulation board anchor bolt arrangement is generated;

[0103] The sixth step is to encode the insulation board and generate a material quantity list and construction deepening drawing. Quickly complete the construction deepening design of the external enclosure insulation board, improve the deepening efficiency, optimize based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, improve the material utilization rate, plan the secondary processing of the insulation board, centrally implement green environmental protection, and improve the on-site construction efficiency and quality.

[0104] The solution of the present invention is applied to a project of office building construction, which is specifically described as follows:

[0105] Project introduction: This project is a single office building construction project in Xi'an. The construction period is tight, and the owner has high requirements for the quality of construction in-depth design. The conventional model design cannot produce the construction in-depth drawings of the external insulation board in time. In order to improve the quality of service for the owner and ensure low material loss, the project department adopts this solution.

[0106] When this project uses the solution of the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:

[0107] The first step is to input the coordinate information of the area where the insulation board of the teaching building is to be constructed, and then form a BIM model of the area to be constructed. Then, input the three-dimensional model diagram of the whole board form of the insulation board used for external insulation in this project and the insulation board after cutting into the model, and input the relevant parameters of the insulation board in the parameter interface of the model, including the manufacturer, insulation board code, material, width, thickness, construction team, length and comprehensive unit price. In this project, in order to avoid material characteristics, the insulation board is made of materials lower than Class A, so that the fire isolation zone can be set.

[0108] In the second step, the entire building's exterior energy-saving system is divided into two parts: exterior wall insulation and roof insulation. The layout of the insulation panels is a practical application case of the three-dimensional packing problem based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm.

[0109] According to the actual situation of the project, A-grade 80mm thick rock wool board is used for external wall insulation, which needs to be fixed with insulation nails, and the depth of the insulation nails entering the base wall is not less than 50mm. 30mm thick rock wool board is used at the door and window openings; B1-grade 115mm thick extruded board is used for roof insulation, and 30mm thick extruded board is used as a waterproof protective layer at the parapet. 80mm thick extruded board is used for the external walls of the roof stairwell, equipment room, etc., and insulation nails are set above 600mm high.

[0110] According to the characteristics of the project, the following matters need to be noted:

[0111] (1) External wall insulation requires staggered joints at the corners, and the insulation boards at the door and window openings must comply with the specifications. The insulation boards must be laid in whole pieces and the edge must be no less than 200 mm from the opening. Therefore, the insulation boards must be cut in large quantities and of different sizes before laying. (2) External wall drainage pipes and other equipment require reserved openings and embedded parts to be set on the main structure. The insulation boards laid here must be whole pieces, and the openings must be set inside the insulation boards.

[0112] For the in-depth design and arrangement of exterior wall insulation and roof insulation, the detailed process in this embodiment is as follows:

[0113] Use BIM technology to create parametric families of exterior wall insulation boards, roof insulation boards and insulation board anchor bolts, or set parameters based on existing parametric families according to project design information.

[0114] Draw the target area for insulation board layout based on the BIM 3D model of the main structure of the target building.

[0115] In this embodiment, based on the main structure BIM three-dimensional model of the school teaching building, the target area for the layout of the insulation boards is drawn in accordance with the design drawings and relevant atlas requirements. The insulation boards at the exterior walls are modeled using "building wall" components with the same thickness as the insulation boards, and the insulation boards at the roof are drawn using "floor" components with the same thickness as the insulation boards.

[0116] Select the target area and set the relevant parameters for the intelligent arrangement of the insulation panels.

[0117] In this embodiment, the target area for the arrangement of the exterior wall insulation panels is composed of the intersection of four facades: east, west, south, and north, and a single facade is composed of three parts: non-standard layer area, standard layer area, and roof layer area; the target area for the arrangement of the roof insulation panels is composed of four parts: equipment foundation area, parapet area, exterior wall area, and large roof area, so the parameters that need to be set are: area division parameters, material parameters, and other parameters.

[0118] 1. The specific parameters for zone division are: floor structure elevation / fire isolation zone / others. (1) When the external wall insulation board uses Class A fireproof insulation materials, the floor structure elevation is used as the boundary; (2) When the external wall insulation board uses Class B1 or Class B fireproof insulation materials, the fire isolation zone is used as the boundary. The floor structure elevation is used as the boundary in the standard floor area;

[0119] 2. The specific material parameters are:

[0120] 1) Bracket: Yes / No (set at the floor by default); Set on the first floor / Set on each floor (set every two floors by default).

[0121] 2) Fire isolation zone: yes / no to set (set when using B1 or B grade, not set when using A grade); material (default is rock wool board, can be entered manually); setting position (default is set at the floor position and the bottom edge is ≤500mm from the upper edge of the opening, can be drawn manually); setting the width of the first floor / middle floor / top floor (default is 300mm for the first floor, 300mm for the middle floor, and 500mm for the top floor located at the edge of the structural plate), yes / no to set fixings (default is 100 at each end and 100 between each end).

[0122] 3) Insulation board: type (extruded board, rock wool board, etc.); fire insulation grade (optional); specification (1200×600mm and 6-8 anchors or 2400×1200mm or custom); thickness (≤60mm for buildings below 10 meters, ≤50mm for buildings above 10 meters, ≥20mm for door openings); cutting board specifications (default minimum 300×300, inputtable). The three types of insulation boards at the exterior wall, roof, and door and window openings need to be set separately, and the parameters can be inherited from each other.

[0123] 4) Insulation nails: yes / no setting (default is not installed when the height is ≤ 24 meters, ≥ 4 per square meter when the height is 24 meters to 60 meters, and ≥ 6 per square meter when the height is above 60 meters); yes / no setting; depth of extension into the structure (the default is 50mm longer than the thickness of the insulation board, which can be entered).

[0124] The edges of the insulation boards are guaranteed to have adhesive, so anchor bolts are generally placed at the intersection of the seams of adjacent insulation boards. If the number is insufficient, they are placed in the center of the board.

[0125] 3. Other parameters are:

[0126] 1) Arrangement parameters:

[0127] ①Horizontal overlap length range of insulation board (default is 200mm to 2 / 3 of the board length, inputtable)

[0128] ② The range of longitudinal staggered length of the insulation board (the default is 100mm to 1 / 2 of the board length, which can be input)

[0129] ③ Insulation nails: Insulation nail spacing (default 300mm, can be input); distance between external corners, internal corners, and openings and the edge of the structure (default 60mm, can be input); whether to add insulation nails at the four corners of the opening

[0130] 2) Optimizing parameters: Minimum use of insulation board / Minimum manual cutting of insulation board / Balance.

[0131] 3) Starting vertex parameters: just click.

[0132] In step 4, according to the settings of the parameters in the table below, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the arrangement, and the optimal solution is obtained as the basis for the intelligent arrangement of the insulation board, and the intelligent arrangement three-dimensional model is generated.

[0133] 1. Constraints: Use the "Building Wall" module to draw the layout range of the exterior wall insulation panels on the east, west, south and north facades separately and segment by segment, which is the target area or constraint. Considering that the joints of the insulation panels at the corners need to be staggered, the formula for the constraint is:

[0134] QS i =H i ×(L i +2×bh)-S d

[0135] Among them, H i is the floor height of the standard floor area; L i is the facade length; N i is the number of window openings on the facade; S d Reserve opening area for other areas; i takes values ​​of 1, 2, 3, and 4, representing the east facade, west facade, south facade, and north facade respectively.

[0136] 2. Decision variables (as entry conditions for algorithm calculation): Decision variables for the embodiment

[0137]

[0138]

[0139] In summary, in the optimal arrangement (or three-dimensional packing) of the insulation board, the spatial dimension D of the decision variable X is 15, and the solution variable of the optimization problem is usually represented by a vector composed of decision components, that is, X = (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, x 10 , x 11 , x 12 , x 13 , x 14 , x 15 ).

[0140] 3. Fitness function:

[0141] (1) Lay insulation boards at the four corners of the window openings on each facade. Use a whole piece of insulation board with cut corners to place at the four corners of the window opening. The default minimum cut corner of the insulation board is 200×200mm 2 , maximum cutting angle is 300×600mm 2 , within this range, the specifications of the cut-corner insulation board are reduced as much as possible, and the objective function calculation formula is as follows:

[0142]

[0143] Among them, P1 is the area of ​​the insulation board at the cut corner of the facade window opening, N i is the number of window openings on the facade, a is the length of the cut corner of the insulation board, and b is the width of the cut corner of the insulation board;

[0144] (2) Lay the insulation boards at the upper and lower edges of the window openings on each facade, which are insulation boards cut horizontally. The objective function calculation formula is as follows:

[0145]

[0146] Among them, P2 is the non-integral insulation board area at the upper and lower edges of a single window opening on the facade, and cc is the length of the window opening on the facade;

[0147] (3) Lay insulation boards on both sides of the window openings of each facade. The insulation boards at the intersections of each facade use cut materials. The objective function calculation formula is as follows:

[0148]

[0149] Among them, P3 is the area of ​​the insulation board on both sides of the facade window opening, and cg is the height of the facade window opening;

[0150] (4) Insulation boards are laid on the facade areas except around and on both sides of the window openings. Cut materials are used for insulation boards at the intersections of the facades. Based on the empirical data under relevant specifications, the formula of the objective function P4 is:

[0151]

[0152] Among them, P4 is the area of ​​the entire insulation board above and below the facade window opening.

[0153] By setting a certain weight, multi-target transfer target processing is performed, and the calculation formula is:

[0154]

[0155] According to the importance of each objective function to the optimization result, the weights of multiple objective functions are set: (1) Minimum use of insulation board: 0.2, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4; (2) Minimum manual cutting of insulation board: 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.2; (3) Balanced configuration: 0.1, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3.

[0156] (5) The minimum value of the objective function under the constraint condition is the penalty function P5, and its formula is:

[0157]

[0158] Among them, QS i The target area for arranging the facade insulation panels, S i The total area of ​​the whole insulation board, cut insulation board, corner insulation board and corner insulation board cut in all facade areas;

[0159] (6) The penalty factor is set to 0.05, so the fitness function can be obtained as follows:

[0160]

[0161] In this embodiment, the adaptive function is selected, which has the following effects:

[0162] 1) Standardization. The main part of the algorithm of this fitness function is based on national standards and standard atlases, combined with on-site construction practices.

[0163] (2) Scalability. The entire building is abstracted into a three-dimensional box. Deepening the layout means putting items (i.e., the optimally arranged materials) into the target area (the area determined by manual hand-drawing) in the box. Therefore, in theory, all architectural practices and nodes in the building that require deep layout can be realized. This is based on a continuously robust fitness function, which can continuously expand the algorithm parameters that need to be input in various scenarios (such as wall tiles, floor tiles, ceilings, etc.).

[0164] (3) Efficiency. Specifically, it is reflected in two points: ① Efficient calculation and generation of layout model. The optimal operation of the external enclosure layout is, first, manually draw the target areas of the four facades of the building. Second, select the four target areas and enter the parameters in the "decision variables". Third, the fitness function algorithm uniformly calculates the optimal layout of the four facades to obtain the optimal solution. Finally, the corresponding layout model is generated based on the optimal solution. ② The modeler only needs to draw the target area and input parameters to complete the detailed design of the layout.

[0165] 4. Calculation results: In the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the individual learning factor c1 and the group learning factor c2 are set to 1.25, and the linear decreasing inertia weight strategy is adopted, and the inertia weight is set to [0.4, 0.9]. A parallel structure is added to the algorithm program, and the number of parallel operations is set to 5, and then the average value is taken. Then the program is independently operated 10 times to obtain multiple groups of decision variable value combinations and fitness function values. The data is statistically analyzed. After the calculation results are relatively stable, the optimal solution is obtained by taking the least manual cutting of insulation boards as an example. The specific values ​​of its non-zero parameters are as follows:

[0166]

[0167]

[0168] The above results are input as system parameters into the insulation board arrangement rules to generate an intelligent three-dimensional arrangement model of the external insulation board.

[0169] In step 5, based on the three-dimensional model of the insulation board arrangement, a three-dimensional model of the insulation board anchor bolt arrangement is generated according to the specification.

[0170] In step 6, the insulation board is coded and a material quantity list and construction detail drawing are generated.

[0171] The following effects are achieved by selecting the solution given in this embodiment:

[0172] Compliance to meet relevant regulatory requirements.

[0173] High efficiency: modelers only need to draw the target area and input parameters to complete the detailed design of the layout, which greatly improves the accuracy and quality of the detailed design.

[0174] Reduce costs and increase efficiency. Weights can be configured according to project requirements to obtain the optimal / most economical layout.

[0175] In this embodiment, the above solution has the following effects:

[0176] ① Material saving, comparison of quantity orders before and after using the algorithm.

[0177] ② The deepening efficiency is high, and the time consumption of the deepening process before and after using the algorithm is compared.

[0178] See attached Figure 2 As shown, it is an arrangement diagram of the external protection insulation board obtained by the design method in the prior art, which can only design the arrangement of a single single facade 100, and the entire single facade is covered with insulation boards, and then the fire isolation zone is designed separately, and through the attached Figure 2 It can be seen that the prior art has the following problems: in the single facade design at this time, the insulation board materials are simply spliced, and the cutting and insulation board design at positions such as openings are not considered.

[0179] ① Figure 2 Only the target area, i.e., the insulation board 200 in the single facade 100, is arranged, and no special parts such as the fire isolation zone are distinguished;

[0180] ② Figure 2 The nodes at the middle door and window openings and the intersection of the facades are arranged in a sequential manner, which cannot be effectively arranged in the best way according to the specifications and requires secondary adjustment;

[0181] ③ Figure 2 Only a single facade of 100 can be arranged, and multiple facades cannot be arranged in a unified manner.

[0182] See attached Figure 3-4 As shown, it is the in-depth design method of the present invention, and what is obtained is the in-depth layout diagram of the entire design of the enclosure insulation board. At this time, in this embodiment, the design of multiple insulation boards on a single facade 100 is carried out simultaneously, and at the same time, the design area of ​​the fire isolation zone 300 is reserved for the set position, so that there is no need to modify the insulation board later, and the fire isolation zone 300 can be directly added. In this scheme, not only the design of the insulation board is fully considered, but also the insulation board design at the corner of the facade window opening, the non-integral insulation board design at the upper and lower edges of a single window opening on the facade, the insulation board area on both sides of the facade window opening, and the whole insulation board design at the upper and lower parts of the facade window opening. Finally, through means such as particle swarms, different requirements, different weights, etc., further optimization is achieved, and the following effects can be clearly seen:

[0183] ① In this embodiment, the insulation panels 200 are uniformly arranged for the four facade target areas in the three-dimensional space, and the staggered seams at the intersection of the facades and the whole insulation panels at the four corners of the door and window openings are intelligently positioned and arranged according to the specifications;

[0184] ② Based on the thermal insulation and fireproof performance of the thermal insulation materials, intelligently generate fireproof isolation zones for thermal insulation materials below Class A;

[0185] ③ Intelligently arrange the insulation board and its accessories according to the set parameters without manual secondary adjustment.

[0186] In summary, the present invention utilizes optimized intelligent arrangement parameters to form an optimal intelligent arrangement scheme for thermal insulation panels, which includes arrangements at multiple facades, facade joints, windows and other special locations.

[0187] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0188] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A particle swarm-based in-depth design method for an external enclosure insulation board, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Using the coordinate information of the outer enclosure to be constructed, a BIM model of the outer enclosure construction area is constructed based on the building structure model of the area to be constructed; In the BIM model, build a detailed model for the layout of the external enclosure insulation board and set the intelligent layout parameters of the detailed model; Using the layout deepening model of the external enclosure insulation board, the target area of ​​the external enclosure to be constructed is determined, the target area is divided, and the layout method within the target area is determined; The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the intelligent arrangement parameters, and several intelligent arrangement parameters are sorted. According to the sorting of the intelligent parameters, an intelligent arrangement scheme of the insulation board is output.

2. The particle swarm-based in-depth design method for the outer enclosure insulation board according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The particle swarm optimization algorithm includes constraints, decision variables and fitness functions. The constraints are that in a three-dimensional BIM model, the insulation panels are arranged in a target area, and several insulation panels are located in the same plane and are arranged in parallel.

3. The in-depth design method of the outer enclosure insulation board based on particle swarm according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The decision variable is specifically a target area formed by connecting single facades according to a set direction sequence or number sequence.

4. The particle swarm-based in-depth design method for the external enclosure insulation board according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The division of the target area also includes the division of the area of ​​the standard layer of the exterior wall, specifically: QS i =H i ×(L i +2×bh)-S d Among them, QSi represents the area of ​​the target area formed by the arrangement of the external wall insulation panels of each facade, and H i is the floor height of the standard floor area, L i is the vertical length, N i is the number of window openings on the facade, S d It is the reserved opening area for other purposes, bh is the thickness of the insulation board, and i takes the value of 1, 2, ... n, which indicates the direction or number of the single facade; If n represents the direction in the setting list, n is less than or equal to 4.

5. The particle swarm-based in-depth design method for the external enclosure insulation board according to claim 4 is characterized in that: It also includes the setting of penalty function, specifically: Among them, P5 is the penalty function, S i It is the total area of ​​whole insulation board, cut insulation board, corner insulation board and corner insulation board in all facade areas.

6. The particle swarm-based in-depth design method for the external enclosure insulation board according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fitness function is specifically for determining the area within the target area, specifically calculating the insulation board areas at different positions of the exterior wall insulation boards in each exterior protection area to be constructed, converting the multiple objectives consisting of the insulation board areas at different positions into a single objective to form a fitness function, and the fitness function obtains the intelligent board arrangement method of the target area through the optimal solution.

7. The particle swarm-based in-depth design method for the external enclosure insulation board according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The insulation board areas at different positions include at least the insulation board laying P1 at the four corners of the facade window opening; the non-whole insulation board area P2 at the edge of a single facade window opening, the insulation board area P3 on both sides of the facade window opening, and the whole insulation board area P4 at the upper and lower parts of the facade window opening.

8. The particle swarm-based in-depth design method for the external enclosure insulation board according to claim 6, characterized in that: By setting weights for the objective functions P1, P2, P3 and P4, the multiple objectives are converted into a single objective, specifically by formula (2); Here P i represents the original data, P i，min represents the minimum value in the data set, and Pi,max represents the maximum value in the data set.

9. The particle swarm-based in-depth design method for the external enclosure insulation board according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes setting the penalty factor to k, and the fitness function is: By calculating the adaptive function, the optimal arrangement is obtained.

10. The particle swarm based in-depth design method of the external enclosure insulation board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulation board arrangement includes exterior wall insulation board arrangement and roof insulation board arrangement, and the exterior enclosure insulation board arrangement deepening model includes exterior wall exterior enclosure insulation board arrangement deepening model and roof exterior enclosure insulation board arrangement deepening model.

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