Quantitative reconstruction method for inter-species relationship of biocenosis

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and particularly relates to a quantitative reconstruction method for inter-species relationship of biocenosis, which comprises the following steps: S1, organizing a lake organism-environment database; collecting and sorting a regional lake organism-environment database, establishing a regional organism database for all specific organism groups appearing in lake surface samples, summarizing water environment physicochemical index data corresponding to each lake, and standardizing the summarized data to form a regional environment database; s2, collecting drilling data of the lake; a Kajak gravity sampler is used for extracting deposition drill holes in the center position of a lake and separating samples, and the samples are placed in a self-sealing bag, refrigerated and transported and stored indoors at the temperature of-20 DEG C for physicochemical index analysis and biological species identification. By calculating the ecological niche width and the overlapping degree of the species in the biocenosis, the coexistence relationship between the species in the lake is quantified, and a dynamic evaluation tool for the relationship between the species is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and specifically is a method for quantitatively reconstructing the relationship between species in a biological community. Background Art

[0002] Lakes, which occupy less than 1% of the world's land area, provide 40% of the world's ecosystem service value and are an important guarantee for the survival of many organisms and humans. Affected by climate change and human activities, the number of lakes has decreased sharply, the area has shrunk, and the water quality has deteriorated, resulting in a decline in the lake's pollution absorption and storage capacity, and the continuous decline of lake functions. In recent years, despite the investment of a lot of manpower and financial resources in restoration and governance, the problem still exists. Lake managers have gradually realized that the formulation of reasonable lake ecological environment protection measures needs to be based on the investigation and assessment of the lake's ecological security status, especially the results of the ecological security assessment directly determine the health level of the lake and the areas that need to be focused on in the future.

[0003] A comprehensive ecological security assessment should include three aspects: environment, biology, and interspecies relationships. The current deficiency of my country's lake health assessment methods is that they focus on the physical and chemical environment of lakes, such as the physical structure of lakes, water quality, and hydrology and water resources. In terms of biology, only the diversity indicators of various organisms are focused on, and the assessment of interspecies relationships is not taken into account. Studies have shown that compared with biodiversity indicators, the assessment of interspecies relationships can more accurately judge the state of the ecosystem. A good interspecies relationship structure helps the ecosystem have a higher resistance to external interference and maintain a higher ecosystem function.

[0004] To measure interspecific relationships, Johnson first proposed the concept of niche in 1910 and defined it as the place occupied by species for survival and reproduction. The degree of niche overlap between different species, that is, niche overlap, can measure the strength of interspecific relationships. Previous studies have found that human activities have significantly enhanced competition between animal populations, which is manifested as an increase in niche overlap. More studies have pointed out that changes in species niche overlap under environmental pressure can reflect changes in interspecific relationships in biological communities. Continuous observations of lakes in my country are mostly carried out after environmental problems have emerged, and are mainly concentrated in a few large lakes such as Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake, and Poyang Lake. Paleolimnology can interpret the evolutionary history of lake ecological environment and reveal the causes and laws of changes in lake status through historical archives preserved in lake sediments (i.e., physical, chemical and biological indicators in sediments). Many biological remains in sediments provide reliable materials for related research. Among these indicators, chironomid larvae, cladocerans and diatoms are the most widely used paleoecological indicators because of their non-degradable chitin or siliceous shells that are well preserved in many lake sediments. They have been used to reconstruct environmental factors such as lake water nutrition, salinity, water depth and temperature in the past. However, due to the lack of methods for reconstructing interspecies relationships in biological communities, the reconstruction of the dynamic changes in lake ecosystems has not yet been carried out.

[0005] Therefore, a method for quantitative reconstruction of interspecies relationships in biological communities was proposed to address the above issues. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0007] In response to the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a method for quantitatively reconstructing the relationship between species in a biological community.

[0008] (II) Technical solution

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in a biological community, comprising the steps of:

[0010] S1, lake biological-environmental database compilation;

[0011] Collect and organize the regional lake biological-environmental database, establish a regional biological database for all specific biological groups found in lake surface samples, and summarize and standardize the water environment physical and chemical index data corresponding to each lake to form a regional environmental database;

[0012] S2. Collection of lake drilling data;

[0013] Sedimentary boreholes were extracted and sampled at the center of the lake using a Kajak gravity sampler. The samples were placed in ziplock bags, transported in cold storage, and stored indoors at -20°C for physical and chemical analysis and biological species identification.

[0014] S3, laboratory analysis (including dating and physical and chemical indicators);

[0015] Will determine 210 Pb and 137 Cs radionuclides to obtain accurate sample ages, and it is planned to select a variety of physical and chemical indicators such as particle size, organic carbon / nitrogen, total phosphorus, magnetic susceptibility, elements, etc., and conduct laboratory determination according to standard methods;

[0016] S4. Extraction and identification of biological remains (taking Chironomid subfossils as an example);

[0017] The processing of Chironomid head shells in sediments was carried out according to standard experimental methods (Brooks et al., 2006);

[0018] S5. Development and evaluation of technical means for assessing interspecies relationships in biological communities;

[0019] The calculation of species niches in this study will be based entirely on species relative abundance data. Based on the lake regional surface biological database, the niche width of each species and the niche overlap between each pair of species will be calculated separately.

[0020] S6. Quantification of niche breadth of biological communities over time series;

[0021] Based on the calculation results of species niche width in the regional surface biological database, using the idea of ​​using the present to explain the past, and according to the species appearing in the sedimentary drilling samples, the niche width value of the corresponding species was retrieved from the niche width data of each species on the surface. The combination of species and the niche width of species jointly determined the size of the community niche width.

[0022] S7. Quantification of interspecific relationships in biological communities over time series;

[0023] Based on the calculation results of interspecific niche overlap in the regional surface biological database, using the idea of ​​using the present to explain the past, and according to the species appearing in the sedimentary drilling samples, the interspecific niche overlap values ​​of the corresponding species were retrieved from the interspecific niche overlap results of the biological database. The species composition, relative abundance and interspecific niche overlap jointly determine the size of community niche overlap.

[0024] Preferably, the S4 step further comprises the steps of:

[0025] S41. Add 10% KOH to the sample and heat it in a 75°C water bath for 10-15 minutes.

[0026] S42, pass the samples through 212 μm and 90 μm sieves respectively, transfer the samples to a beaker after rinsing, rinse them again with distilled water and store them in a glass bottle;

[0027] S43, use a 25x microscope to detect the chironomid head capsule, Seal the slides, and the number of Chironomid head shells detected in all samples must be no less than 50 shells;

[0028] S44. Identify the genus and species of the Chironomid head capsule under a biological microscope at 100-400 times magnification.

[0029] Preferably, in the step S5:

[0030] The calculation of niche breadth is based on Levins formula (1968):

[0031]

[0032] B j is the niche width p of species j ij is the relative abundance of species j in lake i;

[0033] The calculation of niche overlap for each pair of species was based on Pianka's formula (1974):

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, p ij and p ik represent the relative abundance of species j and k in lake i, O jk The value range is from 0 for weak overlap to 1 for complete overlap.

[0036] Preferably, in step S6:

[0037] Use CB i The community-level niche breadth of community i is quantified as:

[0038]

[0039] In the formula, CB i is the community-level niche width of lake i; B j is the niche width of species j; m is the number of genus and species in lake i.

[0040] 5. The method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in a biological community according to claim 1, wherein in step S7:

[0041] Use of HCO i The community-level niche overlap of community i is quantified:

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, H jk =2 / 1 / p ij +1 / pik .

[0044] (III) Beneficial effects

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in biological communities, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. This method of quantitatively reconstructing interspecific relationships in biological communities quantifies the coexistence relationship between species in lakes by calculating the niche width and overlap of species within biological communities, providing a dynamic assessment tool for interspecific relationships.

[0047] 2. This method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in biological communities integrates indicators of multiple dimensions such as biology, physics, and chemistry to construct a comprehensive evaluation model for the health of lake ecosystems. Compared with single physical or chemical indicators, the present invention can detect potential problems in ecosystems earlier and more accurately through the analysis of dynamic changes in biological community structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0049] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the quantitative reconstruction method of interspecies relationships of regional lake biological communities based on the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 It is a heat map of the genus and species distribution of the chironomid community in the lakes in the area of ​​the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the species composition of the chironomid community in the lake sediment boreholes in the region of the present invention, (a) Yangzonghai Lake and (b) Chenghai Lake (c) Lugu Lake and (d Tiancai Lake;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a CCA diagram based on regional lake chironomid community and environmental data of the present invention, (a) all lake sample points; (b) lake sample points below 3,000ma.sl; (c) lake sample points above 3,000ma.sl;

[0053] Figure 5 The CCA diagrams of the present invention based on the borehole chironomid community and environmental data of regional lakes, (a) Yangzonghai Lake and (b) Chenghai Lake (c) Lugu Lake and (d Tiancai Lake;

[0054] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the niche breadth of some Chironomid species in the area of ​​the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7The present invention is a schematic diagram of the distribution pattern of the niche width of the chironomid community in the regional lake along the gradient of altitude (a) and population density (b), and the distribution pattern of the niche overlap along the gradient of altitude (c) and population density (d);

[0056] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution pattern of the niche overlap of the chironomid community in the regional lake along the gradient of altitude (a) and population density (b) and the distribution pattern of the niche overlap along the gradient of altitude (c) and population density (d) respectively;

[0057] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the reconstruction of (a) Chenghai Lake, (b) Yangzonghai Lake, (c) Lugu Lake and (d) Tiancai Lake based on the overlapping ecological niches of the borehole chironomid communities in regional lakes in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] Specific examples are given below.

[0060] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 The present invention provides a method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in a biological community, taking a chironomid community as an example, comprising the steps of:

[0061] S1, lake biological-environmental database compilation;

[0062] Collect and organize the regional lake biological-environmental database, establish a regional biological database for all specific biological groups found in lake surface samples, and summarize and standardize the water environment physical and chemical index data corresponding to each lake to form a regional environmental database;

[0063] S2. Collection of lake drilling data;

[0064] Sedimentary boreholes were extracted and sampled at the center of the lake using a Kajak gravity sampler. The samples were placed in ziplock bags, transported in cold storage, and stored indoors at -20°C for physical and chemical analysis and biological species identification.

[0065] S3, laboratory analysis (including dating and physical and chemical indicators);

[0066] Will determine 210 Pb and 137Cs radionuclides to obtain accurate sample ages, and it is planned to select a variety of physical and chemical indicators such as particle size, organic carbon / nitrogen, total phosphorus, magnetic susceptibility, elements, etc., and conduct laboratory determination according to standard methods;

[0067] S4. Extraction and identification of biological remains (taking Chironomid subfossils as an example);

[0068] The processing of Chironomid head shells in sediments was carried out according to standard experimental methods (Brooks et al., 2006);

[0069] The S4 step further comprises the steps of:

[0070] S41. Add 10% KOH to the sample and heat it in a 75°C water bath for 10-15 minutes.

[0071] S42, pass the samples through 212 μm and 90 μm sieves respectively, transfer the samples to a beaker after rinsing, rinse them again with distilled water and store them in a glass bottle;

[0072] S43, use a 25x microscope to detect the chironomid head capsule, Seal the slides, and the number of Chironomid head shells detected in all samples must be no less than 50 shells;

[0073] S44. Identify the genus and species of the Chironomid head capsule under a biological microscope at 100-400 times magnification.

[0074] Through the above scheme: the construction of a regional surface environment-biological database and the acquisition of sedimentary borehole biological-environmental data, where the lake where the sedimentary borehole is located needs to appear in the lake sample points included in the regional surface environment-biological database; RDA or CCA analysis is used to obtain the environmental driving factors of the regional surface and sedimentary borehole biological communities respectively.

[0075] Further Figure 1 , Figure 6-Figure 9 As shown;

[0076] In step S5:

[0077] The calculation of niche breadth is based on Levins formula (1968):

[0078]

[0079] B j is the niche width p of species j ij is the relative abundance of species j in lake i;

[0080] The calculation of niche overlap for each pair of species was based on Pianka's formula (1974):

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, p ij and p ik represent the relative abundance of species j and k in lake i, O jk The value range is from 0 for weak overlap to 1 for complete overlap.

[0083] In step S6:

[0084] Use CB i The community-level niche breadth of community i is quantified as:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, CB i is the community-level niche width of lake i; B j is the niche width of species j; m is the number of genus and species in lake i.

[0087] In step S7:

[0088] Use of HCO i The community-level niche overlap of community i is quantified:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, H jk =2 / 1 / p ij +1 / p ik .

[0091] Through the above scheme: Levins formula and Pianka formula were used to quantify the species niche width and interspecific relationship of the regional surface biological database; the species niche width and interspecific niche overlap results obtained based on the surface database were quantified using CB i and HCO i Computational methods reconstruct the niche breadth and niche overlap of sedimentary borehole communities, respectively, and in combination with the main driving forces, reveal the stability and vulnerability of the community under environmental pressures.

[0092] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in a biological community, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1, lake biological-environmental database compilation; Collect and organize the regional lake biological-environmental database, establish a regional biological database for all specific biological groups found in lake surface samples, and summarize and standardize the water environment physical and chemical index data corresponding to each lake to form a regional environmental database; S2. Collection of lake drilling data; Sedimentary boreholes were extracted and sampled at the center of the lake using a Kajak gravity sampler. The samples were placed in ziplock bags, transported in cold storage, and stored indoors at -20°C for physical and chemical analysis and biological species identification. S3, laboratory analysis (including dating and physical and chemical indicators); Will determine 210 Pb and 137 Cs radionuclides to obtain accurate sample ages, and it is planned to select a variety of physical and chemical indicators such as particle size, organic carbon / nitrogen, total phosphorus, magnetic susceptibility, elements, etc., and conduct laboratory determination according to standard methods; S4. Extraction and identification of biological remains (taking Chironomid subfossils as an example); The processing of Chironomid head shells in sediments was carried out according to standard experimental methods (Brooks et al., 2006); S5. Development and evaluation of technical means for assessing interspecies relationships in biological communities; The calculation of species niches in this study will be based entirely on species relative abundance data. Based on the lake regional surface biological database, the niche width of each species and the niche overlap between each pair of species will be calculated separately. S6. Quantification of niche breadth of biological communities over time series; Based on the calculation results of species niche width in the regional surface biological database, using the idea of ​​using the present to explain the past, and according to the species appearing in the sedimentary drilling samples, the niche width value of the corresponding species was retrieved from the niche width data of each species on the surface. The combination of species and the niche width of species jointly determined the size of the community niche width. S7. Quantification of interspecific relationships in biological communities over time series; Based on the calculation results of interspecific niche overlap in the regional surface biological database, using the idea of ​​using the present to explain the past, and according to the species appearing in the sedimentary drilling samples, the interspecific niche overlap values ​​of the corresponding species were retrieved from the interspecific niche overlap results of the biological database. The species composition, relative abundance and interspecific niche overlap jointly determine the size of community niche overlap.

2. A method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in a biological community according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 step further comprises the steps of: S41. Add 10% KOH to the sample and heat it in a 75°C water bath for 10-15 minutes. S42, pass the samples through 212 μm and 90 μm sieves respectively, transfer the samples to a beaker after rinsing, rinse them again with distilled water and store them in a glass bottle; S43, use a 25x microscope to detect the chironomid head capsule, Seal the slides, and the number of Chironomid head shells detected in all samples must be no less than 50 shells; S44. Identify the genus and species of the Chironomid head capsule under a biological microscope at 100-400 times magnification.

3. The method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in a biological community according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5: The calculation of niche breadth is based on Levins formula (1968): B j is the niche width p of species j ij is the relative abundance of species j in lake i; The calculation of niche overlap for each pair of species was based on Pianka's formula (1974): In the formula, p ij and p ik represent the relative abundance of species j and k in lake i, O jk The value range is from 0 for weak overlap to 1 for complete overlap.

4. The method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in a biological community according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S6: Use CB i The community-level niche breadth of community i is quantified as: In the formula, CB i is the community-level niche width of lake i; B j is the niche width of species j; m is the number of genus and species in lake i.

5. The method for quantitatively reconstructing interspecies relationships in a biological community according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S7: Use of HCO i The community-level niche overlap of community i is quantified: In the formula, H jk =2 / 1 / p ij +1 / p ik .

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