Dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dual-circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications, comprising M×N antenna array elements, which are evenly distributed in M ​​rows and N columns. Each antenna array element comprises four antenna units, which are evenly distributed in 2 rows and 2 columns. Any antenna unit can be completely overlapped with the other three antenna units by rotating a certain angle with the central axis of the antenna array as the rotation axis. The first antenna unit comprises a combined radiation layer, a first copper plate, a coupler layer and a second copper plate arranged from top to bottom. The coupler layer uses an orthogonal coupler based on a short-circuited three-branch structure to convert an external radio frequency signal into two radio frequency signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees and transmit them to the combined radiation layer. The combined radiation layer uses a linear dipole radiator separated up and down to achieve a broadband design. The advantage is that it can achieve large-angle scanning while also having a wide frequency band, and the overall structure is simple and the manufacturing cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a co-aperture phased array antenna, and in particular to a dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna used for low-orbit satellite communications. Background Art

[0002] A phased array antenna is an antenna array that uses phase control technology to change the direction of a three-dimensional spatial beam. It can transmit or receive multiple beams simultaneously to support multi-target tracking and multi-task processing, and has a wide range of application scenarios in the field of satellite communications.

[0003] With the rapid development of low-Earth orbit satellite systems, low-Earth orbit satellite communication antennas need to have wide-angle scanning performance to adapt to the relative position changes between satellites under high dynamic range. According to the spectrum allocation requirements of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States, and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the Ku and K / Ka bands are the preferred frequency bands for low-Earth orbit satellite applications. Starlink mainly uses the Ku band, with the satellite-to-terminal downlink at 10.7-12.7 GHz and the terminal-to-satellite uplink at 14.0-14.5 GHz. The uplink and downlink signals use left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization, respectively, to improve the anti-interference and scenario compatibility of the phased array. Therefore, the phased array antenna needs to further expand the working bandwidth and meet the requirements of circular polarization scanning at large angles, so as to provide users with high-speed, low-latency, continuous and reliable communication services.

[0004] While traditional phased array antennas with separate transmit and receive antennas can achieve excellent wide-bandwidth angular scanning performance and meet axial ratio requirements, their separate layout consumes a significant amount of space. Given the stringent requirements of satellite platforms for payload size and weight, reducing the aperture of phased array antennas is crucial for achieving efficient space utilization in satellite communications.

[0005] In order to achieve dual-band shared aperture, the design of existing dual-circular polarization phased arrays usually adopts highly integrated and miniaturized technologies. For example, the document "JF Zhang and YJ Cheng. K- / Ka-Band Planar Shared-Aperture Beam-Scanning Array Antenna for Simultaneous Transmitting and Receiving Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Terminal (J), IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71(8): 6617-6627" discloses a microstrip antenna. This microstrip antenna is a dual-circular polarization common-aperture phased array antenna. It uses a 90° delay line to design two sets of dual-band combined coplanar uniform arrays, which can achieve dual-band large-angle scanning. However, since its radiator adopts a patch structure, it can only operate in a narrow frequency band. At the same time, it adopts a complex laminated structure, and the overall structure is complex, resulting in high manufacturing costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications that can achieve large-angle scanning while also having a wide bandwidth, a simple overall structure, and a low manufacturing cost.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications, including M×N antenna array elements, where M and N are both integers greater than 1, and the M×N antenna array elements are evenly distributed in M ​​rows and N columns to form an array structure, which is called an antenna array. There is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna array elements in the same row, and there is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna array elements in the same column; each antenna array element includes 4 antenna units, and the 4 antenna units are evenly distributed in 2 rows and 2 columns to form an array structure, which is called an antenna array. Antenna element array, there is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements in the same row, there is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements in the same column, the intersection of the four antenna elements forms a straight line, the straight line is used as the central axis of the antenna array, the antenna element located in the first row and first column is called the first antenna element, the antenna element located in the first row and second column is called the second antenna element, the antenna element located in the second row and first column is called the third antenna element, and the antenna element located in the second row and second column is called the fourth antenna element. If the first antenna element rotates around the central axis of the antenna array Axis, rotated 90 degrees in the clockwise direction, will completely overlap with the second antenna unit. If the first antenna unit is rotated 180 degrees in the clockwise direction with the central axis of the antenna array as the rotation axis, it will completely overlap with the fourth antenna unit. If the first antenna unit is rotated 270 degrees in the clockwise direction with the central axis of the antenna array as the rotation axis, it will completely overlap with the third antenna unit. The antenna array realizes circular polarization feeding by feeding the four antenna units in rotation order. The first antenna unit includes a combined radiation layer arranged from top to bottom, a first A copper plate, a coupler layer and a second copper plate, wherein the first copper plate is used for grounding the combined radiation layer and the coupler layer, and the second copper plate is used for grounding the coupler layer. The coupler layer uses an orthogonal coupler based on a short-circuited three-branch structure to convert an external RF signal into two RF signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees and transmit them to the combined radiation layer. The combined radiation layer uses a pair of linear dipole radiators separated up and down to radiate the two RF signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees transmitted from the coupler layer, thereby realizing the common-aperture antenna characteristics of antennas with different polarization signals.

[0008] Furthermore, the row direction of the antenna array is defined as the front-to-back direction, and the column direction is defined as the left-to-right direction. The row direction of the antenna unit array is along the front-to-back direction, and the column direction is along the left-to-right direction. A pair of linear dipole radiators separated up and down in the combined radiation layer are respectively referred to as a first linear dipole radiator and a second linear dipole radiator. The combined radiation layer also includes a PCB board, which is referred to as a first PCB board. The first PCB board is a rectangular parallelepiped structure. The length direction of the first PCB board is along the front-to-back direction, the width direction is along the left-to-right direction, and the thickness direction is along the top-to-bottom direction. The central axis of the first PCB board along the top-to-bottom direction is used as the central axis of the first antenna unit. The plane that makes the first PCB board front-to-back symmetrical is referred to as a first symmetry plane, and the plane that makes the first PCB board left-to-right symmetrical is referred to as a second symmetry plane. The first linear dipole radiator includes a probe and two dipole arms, and the two dipole arms are respectively referred to as a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm. The probe includes a first rectangular metal patch and a first circular metal patch. The first rectangular metal patch is a first circular metal patch. The rectangular metal patch and the first circular metal patch are respectively attached to the upper surface of the first PCB board, the length of the first rectangular metal patch is along the front-to-back direction, and the width is along the left-to-right direction. The length of the first rectangular metal patch does not exceed 1 / 2 of the width of the first PCB board. An arc-shaped groove is opened from the front side of the first rectangular metal patch to the rear, and the arc-shaped groove is referred to as the first arc-shaped groove. The first circular metal patch is located on the front side of the first rectangular metal patch, and its rear portion is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove, exactly filling the first arc-shaped groove. The rear side of the first rectangular metal patch is located on the front side of the plane where the rear end face of the first PCB board is located, and there is a distance between the two. The first circular metal patch is located on the rear side of the plane where the front end face of the first PCB board is located, and there is a distance between the two. The first rectangular metal patch is both bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the second symmetry plane and front-to-back symmetrical with respect to the first symmetry plane, and the first circular metal patch is bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the second symmetry plane.The first dipole arm includes a pentagonal metal patch, which is referred to as the first pentagonal metal patch. The first pentagonal metal patch is located on the left side of the first rectangular metal patch and is attached to the upper surface of the first PCB board. One side of the first pentagonal metal patch is defined as the first side. Starting from the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch, the remaining four sides of the first pentagonal metal patch are referred to as the second side, the third side, the fourth side and the fifth side in a clockwise direction. The first side of the first pentagonal metal patch is The length is equal to the length of its fifth side, the length of the second side of the first pentagonal metal patch is equal to the length of its fourth side, the third side of the first pentagonal metal patch is parallel to the left side of the first rectangular metal patch, the second side and the fourth side of the first pentagonal metal patch are respectively located on the right side of the third side of the first pentagonal metal patch, the second side of the first pentagonal metal patch is located in front of its fourth side, the second side and the fourth side of the first pentagonal metal patch are both perpendicular to its third side, the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch The inner angle formed by the fourth side of the first pentagonal metal patch and its second side is 135 degrees, the inner angle formed by the fourth side of the first pentagonal metal patch and its fifth side is 135 degrees, the intersection of the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch and its fifth side coincides with the midpoint of the left side of the first rectangular metal patch, the third side of the first pentagonal metal patch is located on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first PCB board is located, and there is a distance between the two; the first pentagonal metal patch is symmetrical front-to-back about the first symmetry plane; the first circular metal patch is located on the first pentagonal metal patch The intersection of the first side and the second side of the sheet and the intersection of the fourth side and the fifth side of the first pentagonal metal patch are on the right side of the straight line, and there is a distance between the two; the second dipole arm is located on the right side of the first rectangular metal patch, and the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm are both bilaterally symmetrical about the second symmetry plane; the side of the second dipole arm that is bilaterally symmetrical with the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch is called its first side, and the side that is bilaterally symmetrical with the fifth side of the first pentagonal metal patch is called its fifth side;The acute angle area formed by the intersection of the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch and the left side of the first rectangular metal patch is called the first area, the acute angle area formed by the intersection of the first side of the second dipole arm and the right side of the first rectangular metal patch is called the second area, the acute angle area formed by the intersection of the fifth side of the first pentagonal metal patch and the left side of the first rectangular metal patch is called the third area, and the acute angle area formed by the intersection of the fifth side of the second dipole arm and the right side of the first rectangular metal patch is called the fourth area; if the first linear dipole radiator takes the central axis of the first antenna unit as the rotation axis and rotates counterclockwise After the needle direction is rotated 90 degrees, it is mapped to the lower surface of the first PCB board and will completely overlap with the second linear dipole radiator; the circular metal patch corresponding to the first circular metal patch in the second linear dipole radiator is called the second circular metal patch; the first antenna unit also includes a first dielectric plate, the first dielectric plate is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the first dielectric plate is located below the first PCB board, the length direction of the first dielectric plate is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The front end surface of the first dielectric plate and the front end surface of the first PCB board are located in the same plane, and the first dielectric plate The rear end face of the first dielectric plate is in the same plane as the rear end face of the first PCB board, the left end face of the first dielectric plate is in the same plane as the left end face of the first PCB board, the right end face of the first dielectric plate is in the same plane as the right end face of the first PCB board, and the lower surface of the first PCB board is fixed to the upper surface of the first dielectric plate by gluing; the first copper plate is located below the first dielectric plate, the length direction of the first copper plate is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, the front end face of the first copper plate is in the same plane as the front end face of the first dielectric plate, the rear end face of the first copper plate is in the same plane as the The rear end surface of the first dielectric plate is located in the same plane, the left end surface of the first copper plate is located in the same plane as the left end surface of the first dielectric plate, and the right end surface of the first copper plate is located in the same plane as the right end surface of the first dielectric plate. The lower surface of the first dielectric plate is fixed to the upper surface of the first copper plate by a gluing process. Starting from the upper end surface of the first PCB board, four metallized vias are provided, extending from top to bottom to connect with the upper surface of the first copper plate. The four metallized vias are cylindrical holes, and the central axes are all along the vertical direction. The four metallized vias are respectively referred to as a first metallized via, a second metallized via, a third metallized via, and a fourth metallized via.Starting from the upper end surface of the first dielectric plate, four metallized vias are provided, extending from top to bottom to be connected to the upper surface of the first copper plate. The four metallized vias are all cylindrical holes, and the central axes are all along the up-down direction. The four metallized vias are respectively referred to as the fifth metallized via, the sixth metallized via, the seventh metallized via and the eighth metallized via; the first metallized via is located directly below the first region, the second metallized via is located directly below the third region, and is symmetrical front-to-back with the first metallized via about the first symmetry plane, the third metallized via is located directly below the second region, and is symmetrical left-to-right with the first metallized via about the second symmetry plane, the fourth metallized via is located directly below the fourth region, and is symmetrical left-to-right with the second metallized via about the second symmetry plane. The symmetry plane is bilaterally symmetrical; if the first metallized via is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise about the central axis of the first antenna unit, its central axis will be colinear with the central axis of the fifth metallized via; if the second metallized via is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise about the central axis of the first antenna unit, its central axis will be colinear with the central axis of the sixth metallized via; if the third metallized via is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise about the central axis of the first antenna unit, its central axis will be colinear with the central axis of the seventh metallized via; if the fourth metallized via is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise about the central axis of the first antenna unit, its central axis will be colinear with the central axis of the eighth metallized via.

[0009] Furthermore, the coupler layer also includes a second dielectric plate and a PCB board, and the PCB board is referred to as a second PCB board. The length direction of the second dielectric plate is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The second dielectric plate is located below the first copper plate. The front end surface of the second dielectric plate is located in the same plane as the front end surface of the first copper plate, the rear end surface of the second dielectric plate is located in the same plane as the rear end surface of the first copper plate, the left end surface of the second dielectric plate is located in the same plane as the left end surface of the first copper plate, the right end surface of the second dielectric plate is located in the same plane as the right end surface of the first copper plate, and the upper surface of the second dielectric plate is located in the same plane as the lower surface of the first copper plate. The second PCB board is fixedly connected by gluing; the second PCB board is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the length direction of the second PCB board is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The second PCB board is located below the second dielectric board, the front end face of the second PCB board is in the same plane as the front end face of the second dielectric board, the rear end face of the second PCB board is in the same plane as the rear end face of the second dielectric board, the left end face of the second PCB board is in the same plane as the left end face of the second dielectric board, the right end face of the second PCB board is in the same plane as the right end face of the second dielectric board, and the lower surface of the first copper plate is fixed to the upper surface of the second dielectric board. and in a fitted state; the orthogonal coupler is etched on the lower end surface of the second PCB board; the orthogonal coupler includes four metal wires and three short-circuit branches, the four metal wires are respectively referred to as the first metal wire, the second metal wire, the third metal wire and the fourth metal wire, and the three short-circuit branches are respectively referred to as the first short-circuit branch, the second short-circuit branch and the third short-circuit branch; the first metal wire includes a first structural component and a second structural component, the first structural component includes a first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, a second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, a first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch, a second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch, a third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch, a second rectangular metal patch, a third rectangular metal patch, a fourth rectangular metal patch, a fifth rectangular metal patch, a second rectangular metal patch, a fifth ... Six rectangular metal patches, a seventh rectangular metal patch, an eighth rectangular metal patch, a ninth rectangular metal patch and a tenth rectangular metal patch; the upper and lower bases of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch both extend in the front-to-back direction, its lower base is located to the right of its upper base, its right-angled waist extends in the left-to-right direction, its right-angled waist is located on the rear side of its oblique waist, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the upper base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is located to the right of the plane where the left end face of the second PCB board is located, and there is a distance between the two; the second rectangular metal patch is located to the right of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, the length direction of the second rectangular metal patch is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction;The length of the second rectangular metal patch is equal to the length of the lower base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, the left side of the second rectangular metal patch is in a fit state with the lower base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, the rear side of the second rectangular metal patch and the right-angle waist of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch are located on the same straight line, and the intersection of the oblique waist of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch and its lower base is located on the straight line where the front side of the second rectangular metal patch is located; the third rectangular metal patch is located on the right side of the second rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the third rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the left side of the third rectangular metal patch is aligned with the second The right side of the rectangular metal patch is in contact with the right side of the third rectangular metal patch, the front side of the third rectangular metal patch is in the same straight line with the front side of the second rectangular metal patch, the back side of the third rectangular metal patch is in front of the straight line where the back side of the second rectangular metal patch is located, and there is a distance between the two; the fourth rectangular metal patch is on the right side of the third rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the fourth rectangular metal patch is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the left side of the fourth rectangular metal patch is in contact with the right side of the third rectangular metal patch, the back side of the fourth rectangular metal patch is in the same straight line with the back side of the third rectangular metal patch, and the fourth rectangular metal patch is in contact with the right side of the third rectangular metal patch. The front side of the patch is located in front of the straight line where the front side of the third rectangular metal patch is located, and there is a distance between the two; the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is located on the right side of the fourth rectangular metal patch, and the upper base and lower base of the first isosceles trapezoid both extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located on the left side of its upper base, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is the same as that of the fourth rectangular metal patch, and the lower base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is in a fit state with the right side of the fourth rectangular metal patch, and the two intersection points formed by the two oblique waists of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and its lower base are respectively located at The front side and the rear side of the fourth rectangular metal patch are on the straight line; the fifth rectangular metal patch is located on the left side of the fourth rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the fifth rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the right side of the fifth rectangular metal patch is in a state of affixed with the left side of the fourth rectangular metal patch, the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch and the front side of the fourth rectangular metal patch are located on the same straight line, the rear side of the fifth rectangular metal patch is located on the rear side of the third rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two, and the left side of the fifth rectangular metal patch and the left side of the third rectangular metal patch are located on the same straight line;The sixth rectangular metal patch is located on the left side of the fifth rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the sixth rectangular metal patch is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch is in contact with the left side of the fifth rectangular metal patch, the rear side of the sixth rectangular metal patch is in the same straight line as the rear side of the fifth rectangular metal patch, the front side of the sixth rectangular metal patch is in front of the straight line where the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the left side of the sixth rectangular metal patch is in the same straight line as the left side of the second rectangular metal patch; the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch The patch is located on the left side of the sixth rectangular metal patch, the upper base and lower base of the second isosceles trapezoid both extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located on the right side of its upper base, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is equal to the length of the sixth rectangular metal patch, the lower base of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is in a fit state with the left side of the sixth rectangular metal patch, the upper base of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and the upper base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch are located in the same straight line, and the two intersection points formed by the two oblique waists of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and its lower base are respectively located on the sixth rectangular metal patch. The front side of the seventh rectangular metal patch is on the straight line where the front side and the rear side are located; the seventh rectangular metal patch is located on the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the seventh rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the left side of the seventh rectangular metal patch is in a fit state with the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch, the front side of the seventh rectangular metal patch and the front side of the sixth rectangular metal patch are located on the same straight line, the rear side of the seventh rectangular metal patch is located in front of the straight line where the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the right side of the seventh rectangular metal patch is close to the fifth rectangular metal patch the right side of the eighth rectangular metal patch is located in the same straight line; the eighth rectangular metal patch is located on the right side of the seventh rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the eighth rectangular metal patch is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the left side of the eighth rectangular metal patch is in a bonded state with the right side of the seventh rectangular metal patch, the rear side of the eighth rectangular metal patch is located in the same straight line with the rear side of the seventh rectangular metal patch, the front side of the eighth rectangular metal patch is located in front of the straight line where the front side of the seventh rectangular metal patch is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the right side of the eighth rectangular metal patch is located in the same straight line with the right side of the fourth rectangular metal patch;The third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is located on the right side of the eighth rectangular metal patch, the upper base and lower base of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch both extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located on the left side of its upper base, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is equal to the length of the eighth rectangular metal patch, the lower base of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is in a fit state with the right side of the eighth rectangular metal patch, the upper base of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and the upper base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch are located in the same straight line, and the two intersection points formed by the two oblique waists of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and its lower base are respectively located on the eighth The front side and the back side of the rectangular metal patch are on the straight line; the ninth rectangular metal patch is located on the left side of the eighth rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the ninth rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the right side of the ninth rectangular metal patch is in a fit state with the left side of the eighth rectangular metal patch, the front side of the ninth rectangular metal patch and the front side of the eighth rectangular metal patch are on the same straight line, the back side of the ninth rectangular metal patch is on the back side of the back side of the seventh rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two, and the left side of the ninth rectangular metal patch and the left side of the seventh rectangular metal patch are on the same straight line; The tenth rectangular metal patch is located on the left side of the ninth rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the tenth rectangular metal patch is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the right side of the tenth rectangular metal patch is in a bonded state with the left side of the ninth rectangular metal patch, the rear side of the tenth rectangular metal patch and the rear side of the ninth rectangular metal patch are located on the same straight line, the front side of the tenth rectangular metal patch is located in front of the straight line where the front side of the ninth rectangular metal patch is located, and there is a distance between the two, the left side of the tenth rectangular metal patch and the left side of the sixth rectangular metal patch are located on the same straight line; the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is located on the tenth rectangular metal patch On the left side, the upper base and lower base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch both extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located to the right of its upper base, its right-angled waist extends in the left-to-right direction, its right-angled waist is located in front of its oblique waist, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is equal to the length of the tenth rectangular metal patch, the lower base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is in a fit state with the left side of the tenth rectangular metal patch, the right-angled waist of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch and the front side of the tenth rectangular metal patch are located in the same straight line, and the upper base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch and the upper base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch are located in the same straight line;The second structural component includes a fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch, a third circular metal patch, an eleventh rectangular metal patch, a twelfth rectangular metal patch and a thirteenth rectangular metal patch; the eleventh rectangular metal patch is located in front of the tenth rectangular metal patch and the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, the length direction of the eleventh rectangular metal patch is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the rear side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch is in contact with the right-angle waist of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch and the front side of the tenth rectangular metal patch, the left side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch is in the same straight line with the upper base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, and the The right side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch is in the same straight line as the right side of the tenth rectangular metal patch; the twelfth rectangular metal patch is in front of the eleventh rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the twelfth rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the back side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch is in a bonded state with the front side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch, the left side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch is in the same straight line as the left side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch, the right side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch is to the right of the straight line where the right side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch is located, and there is a distance between the two; the fourth, etc. The waist trapezoidal metal patch is located on the front side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch, the upper base and lower base of the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch extend in the left-right direction, and its lower base is located on the rear side of its upper base, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is equal to the length of the twelfth rectangular metal patch, the lower base of the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is in a fit state with the front side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch, and the two intersection points formed by the two oblique waists of the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and its lower base are respectively located on the straight line where the left side and the right side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch are located; the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch The upper base of the trapezoidal metal patch is located on the rear side of the front end surface of the second PCB board, and there is a distance between the two; the thirteenth rectangular metal patch is located on the rear side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the front side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch is in a state of affixed with the rear side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch, the right side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch is located on the same straight line as the right side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch, and the left side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch is located to the right of the straight line where the upper base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is located, and there is a distance between the two;An arc-shaped groove is opened forward from the rear side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch, and the arc-shaped groove is called the second arc-shaped groove. The third circular metal patch is located on the rear side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch, and its front part is embedded in the second arc-shaped groove, filling the second arc-shaped groove. The center of the third circular metal patch and the center of the first circular metal patch are located on the same straight line perpendicular to the second PCB board in the up and down direction; the second metal wire includes a third structural component and a fourth structural component, the third structural component is located on the right side of the first structural component, and the first structural component and the third structural component are symmetrical about a plane, and the plane that makes the first structural component and the third structural component symmetrical about a plane is called the third symmetry plane; the part of the third structural component that is symmetrical with the second rectangular metal patch is called its first patch, the part of the third structural component that is symmetrical with the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is called its second patch, the part of the third structural component that is symmetrical with the tenth rectangular metal patch is called its third patch, and the third structure The portion of the component that is bilaterally symmetrical with the sixth rectangular metal patch is called its fourth patch; the fourth structural component includes a fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch, a third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, a fourth circular metal patch, a fourteenth rectangular metal patch, a fifteenth rectangular metal patch, and a sixteenth rectangular metal patch; the fourteenth rectangular metal patch is located on the rear side of the first and second patches of the third structural component, the length direction of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the front side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch is aligned with the rear side of the first patch and the second patch The right-angled waist of the patch is in a fitted state, the left side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch is located in the same straight line as the left side of the first patch of the third structural component; the right side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch is located to the right of the straight line where the upper base of the second patch of the third structural component is located, and there is a distance between the two; the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is located on the rear side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch, the upper base and lower base of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch both extend in the left-right direction, and its lower base is located in front of its upper base, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees;The length of the lower base of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is equal to the length of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch, the lower base of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is in a fit state with the rear side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch, the upper base of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is located in front of the plane where the rear end surface of the second PCB board is located, and there is a distance between the two, the two intersection points formed by the two oblique waists of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and its lower base are respectively located on the straight line where the left side and the right side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch are located; the fifteenth rectangular metal patch is located on the fourteenth rectangular metal patch. The front side of the rectangular metal patch is arranged in the shape of a circle, the length direction of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the rear side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch is in a state of being in contact with the front side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch, the right side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch is in the same straight line as the right side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch, the left side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch is located to the right of the straight line where the upper base of the second patch of the third structural component is located, and there is a distance between the two; the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is located on the rear side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch, and the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is located The upper and lower bases of the rectangular metal patch extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located on the left side of its upper base, its right-angled waist extends in the left-to-right direction, its right-angled waist is located on the rear side of its oblique waist, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the right-angled waist of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is in contact with the front side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch, the upper base of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch and the right side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch are located in the same straight line, and the length of the upper base of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is less than the width of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch; the sixteenth rectangular metal patch is located at the The sixteenth rectangular metal patch is on the left side of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, the length direction of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the width of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch is equal to the length of the lower base of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, the right side of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch is in affixed state with the lower base of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch, the rear side of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch and the right-angled waist of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch are located in the same straight line, and the left side of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch is located to the left of the left side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two;An arc-shaped groove is opened from the left side of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch to the rear, and the arc-shaped groove is called the third arc-shaped groove. The fourth circular metal patch is located on the left side of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch, and its right part is embedded in the third arc-shaped groove, filling the third arc-shaped groove. The center of the fourth circular metal patch and the center of the second circular metal patch are located on the same straight line perpendicular to the second PCB board. The fourth circular metal patch is located to the right of the straight line where the upper bottom edge of the second patch of the third structural component is located, and there is a distance between the two. The third metal wire includes the seventeenth rectangular metal patch, the seventeenth The length direction of the rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the left side of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch is in contact with the right side of the second rectangular metal patch, and the right side of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch is in contact with the left side of the first patch of the third structural component, the front side of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch is located behind the rear side of the third rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two, and the rear side of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch is located in front of the rear side of the second rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two; the fourth metal wire includes an eighteenth rectangular metal patch, and the eighteenth rectangular metal patch The length direction of the sheet is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the left side of the eighteenth rectangular metal patch is in a fit state with the right side of the tenth rectangular metal patch, and the right side of the eighteenth rectangular metal patch is in a fit state with the left side of the third patch of the third structural component, the front side of the eighteenth rectangular metal patch is located behind the front side of the tenth rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two, and the rear side of the eighteenth rectangular metal patch is located in front of the front side of the ninth rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two; the first short-circuit branch includes the nineteenth rectangular metal patch, and the nineteenth rectangular metal patch is located On the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch, the length direction of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the left side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch is in a bonded state with the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch, the front side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch is located behind the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two, the rear side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch is located in front of the rear side of the seventh rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two, and the right side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch is located to the left of the left side of the fourth patch of the third structural component, and there is a distance between the two;The second short-circuit branch includes a twentieth rectangular metal patch, which is located on the left side of the fourth patch of the third structural component. The length direction of the twentieth rectangular metal patch is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction. The right side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch is in a bonded state with the left side of the fourth patch of the third structural component. The front side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch is located on the rear side of the rear side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two. The rear side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch is located in front of the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two. The left side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch is located to the right of the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch, and there is a distance between the two. The third short-circuit branch includes a twenty-first rectangular metal patch, which is located on the left side of the fourth patch of the third structural component. The twenty-first rectangular metal patch is located on the left side of the fourth patch of the third structural component. The rectangular metal patch has a length along the left-right direction and a width along the front-back direction; the right side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch is in contact with the left side of the fourth patch of the third structural component; the front side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch is located behind the front side of the seventh rectangular metal patch, with a distance between the two; the back side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch is located in front of the front side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch, with a distance between the two; the left side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch is located to the right of the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch, with a distance between the two; the twentieth rectangular metal patch is equal in length and width to the twenty-first rectangular metal patch; the distance between the front side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch and the back side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch is equal to the distance between the back side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch and the front side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch.

[0010] Furthermore, the combined radiation layer and the orthogonal coupler are connected by two cylindrical metal pillars, which are respectively referred to as the first metal pillar and the second metal pillar. The central axes of the first metal pillar and the second metal pillar extend in the up-down direction. The center of the first circular metal patch is located on the straight line where the central axis of the first metal pillar is located. The first metal pillar passes through the first PCB board, the first dielectric board, the first copper plate and the second PCB board from top to bottom, and the upper end surface of the first metal pillar is in contact with the first circular metal patch. , the lower end surface of the first metal column is in a state of contact with the third circular metal patch; the center of the second circular metal patch is located on the straight line where the central axis of the second metal column is located, the second metal column passes through the first PCB board, the first dielectric board, the first copper plate and the second PCB board from top to bottom, and the upper end surface of the second metal column is in a state of contact with the second circular metal patch, and the lower end surface of the second metal column is in a state of contact with the fourth circular metal patch; a third dielectric board is provided below the second PCB board, and the length of the third dielectric board is The width direction is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The front end face of the third dielectric plate and the front end face of the second PCB board are located in the same plane. The rear end face of the third dielectric plate and the rear end face of the second PCB board are located in the same plane. The left end face of the third dielectric plate and the left end face of the second PCB board are located in the same plane. The right end face of the third dielectric plate and the right end face of the second PCB board are located in the same plane. The lower surface of the second PCB board and the upper surface of the third dielectric plate are fixedly connected by gluing. The second copper plate is located at Below the third dielectric plate, the second copper plate has a length direction along the left-right direction, a width direction along the front-back direction, and a thickness direction along the top-bottom direction; the front end face of the second copper plate and the front end face of the third dielectric plate are located in the same plane; the rear end face of the second copper plate and the rear end face of the third dielectric plate are located in the same plane; the left end face of the second copper plate and the left end face of the third dielectric plate are located in the same plane; the right end face of the second copper plate and the right end face of the third dielectric plate are located in the same plane; and the lower surface of the third dielectric plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the second copper plate by gluing;The coupler layer is connected to the first copper plate and the second copper plate through three cylindrical metal pillars, and the three cylindrical metal pillars are respectively called the third metal pillar, the fourth metal pillar and the fifth metal pillar. The central axes of the third metal pillar, the fourth metal pillar and the fifth metal pillar extend in the up-down direction. The third metal pillar extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate to connect with the second copper plate. The upper end surface of the third metal pillar and the upper end surface of the first copper plate are located in the same plane, and the lower end surface of the third metal pillar is in contact with the upper end surface of the second copper plate. At the same time, the third metal pillar passes through the right end portion of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch; the fourth metal pillar extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate to connect with the second copper plate. The upper end surface of the first copper plate extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate to connect with the second copper plate; the upper end surface of the fifth metal column is located in the same plane as the upper end surface of the first copper plate, and the lower end surface of the fifth metal column is in affixed with the upper end surface of the second copper plate. At the same time, the fourth metal column passes through the left end portion of the twentieth rectangular metal patch; the fifth metal column extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate to connect with the second copper plate; the upper end surface of the fifth metal column is located in the same plane as the upper end surface of the first copper plate, and the lower end surface of the fifth metal column is in affixed with the upper end surface of the second copper plate. At the same time, the fifth metal column passes through the left end portion of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch.

[0011] Furthermore, the length of the first PCB board is 10.5 mm, the width is 10.5 mm, and the thickness is 0.245 mm, and it uses SYTECH S1000-2M board. The length of the first dielectric board is 10.5 mm, the width is 10.5 mm, and the thickness is 1.524 mm, and it uses Synamic board. The length of the first copper plate is 10.5 mm, the width is 10.5 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the second dielectric board is 10.5 mm, the width is 10.5 mm, and the thickness is 0.508 mm, and it uses SYTECHS7136H board. The length of the second PCB board is 10.5 mm, the width is 10.5 mm, and the thickness is 0.102 mm. The length of the third dielectric board is 10.5 mm, the width is 10.5 mm, and the thickness is 0.508 mm, and it uses SYTECH S7136H plate, the length of the second copper plate is 10.5mm, the width is 10.5mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm; the length of the first rectangular metal patch is 3.52mm, the width is 0.3mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm; the length of the second rectangular metal patch and the tenth rectangular metal patch are both 1.14mm, the width is 0.19mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm; the length of the third rectangular metal patch, the fifth rectangular metal patch, the seventh rectangular metal patch and the ninth rectangular metal patch are all 0.76mm, the width is 0.5mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm; the length of the fourth rectangular metal patch and the eighth rectangular metal patch are both 1.24mm, the width is 0.08mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm; the length of the sixth rectangular metal patch is 2.12mm, the width is 0.2mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm; the length of the eleventh rectangular metal patch is The length of the twelfth rectangular metal patch is 4.0 mm, the width is 0.11 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch is 1.65 mm, the width is 0.46 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch is 3.46 mm, the width is 0.11 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch is 4.0 mm, the width is 0.11 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the sheet is 4.0 mm, the width is 0.46 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The sixteenth rectangular metal patch is 0.95 mm in length, 0.42 mm in width, and 0.012 mm in thickness. The seventeenth and eighteenth rectangular metal patches are both 0.32 mm in length, 0.1 mm in width, and 0.012 mm in thickness. The nineteenth rectangular metal patch is 3.1 mm in length, 0.31 mm in width, and 0.012mm, the length of the twentieth rectangular metal patch and the twenty-first rectangular metal patch are both 3.1mm, the width are both 0.15mm, and the thickness are both 0.012mm. The diameter of the first circular metal patch and the second circular metal patch are both 0.7mm, and the thickness are both 0.012mm. The diameter of the third circular metal patch and the fourth circular metal patch are both 0.6mm, and the thickness are both 0.012mm. The diameter of the first metal column and the second metal column is 0.3mm, the diameter of the third metal column is 0.3mm, and the diameter of the fourth metal column and the fifth metal column is 0.15mm; the length of the upper base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch and the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is 0.86mm, the length of the lower base is 1.14mm, the height is 0.28mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm. The length of the upper base of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch is 0.11mm, the length of the lower base is 0.46mm, and the height is The length of the upper base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch and the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch are both 0.68mm, the length of the lower base is both 1.24mm, the height is both 0.28mm, and the thickness is both 0.012mm. The length of the upper base of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is 1.56mm, the length of the lower base is 2.12mm, the height is 0.28mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm. The fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is The upper base of the sheet is 1.56mm long, the lower base is 2.12mm long, the height is 0.28mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm. The upper base of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch is 3.3mm long, the lower base is 4.0mm long, the height is 0.35mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm. The first pentagonal metal patch has its first and fifth sides each 1.97mm long, its second and fourth sides each 2.3mm long, and its third side 3mm long.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the advantage of the present invention is that each antenna array is composed of 4 antenna units, and the 4 antenna units are evenly distributed in 2 rows and 2 columns to form an array structure, which is called an antenna unit array. There is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna units in the same row, and there is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna units in the same column. The intersection of the 4 antenna units forms a straight line, which is used as the central axis of the antenna array. The antenna unit located in the 1st row and 1st column is called the first antenna unit, the antenna unit located in the 1st row and 2nd column is called the second antenna unit, the antenna unit located in the 2nd row and 1st column is called the third antenna unit, and the antenna unit located in the 2nd row and 2nd column is called the fourth antenna unit. Line unit, if the first antenna unit is rotated 90 degrees in a clockwise direction with the central axis of the antenna array as the rotation axis, it will completely overlap with the second antenna unit, if the first antenna unit is rotated 180 degrees in a clockwise direction with the central axis of the antenna array as the rotation axis, it will completely overlap with the fourth antenna unit, if the first antenna unit is rotated 270 degrees in a clockwise direction with the central axis of the antenna array as the rotation axis, it will completely overlap with the third antenna unit, the antenna array realizes circular polarization feeding by feeding the four antenna units in rotation order; the first antenna unit includes a combined radiation layer, a first copper plate, a coupler layer and a second copper plate arranged from top to bottom, the first copper plate is used for grounding the combined radiation layer and the coupler layer Grounding, the second copper plate is used for grounding of the coupler layer. The coupler layer adopts an orthogonal coupler based on a short-circuited three-branch structure to convert the external RF signal into two RF signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees and transmit them to the combined radiation layer. The orthogonal coupler based on the short-circuited three-branch structure is an effective feeding structure to improve the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna, reduce the reflection loss in the working frequency band, expand the working bandwidth of the antenna, and improve the bandwidth and polarization isolation. The combined radiation layer radiates the two RF signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees transmitted from the coupler layer to it along different angles. The combined radiation layer adopts a linear dipole radiator separated from the upper and lower parts to realize broadband design. By optimizing the impedance matching, the wide angle is reduced. The scanning gain is deteriorated to achieve broadband and large-angle scanning. The rotational layout characteristics of the four antenna units in the antenna array are utilized to form circularly polarized waves by sequentially feeding the four antenna units in the antenna array to achieve circularly polarized radiation signals. The stacked design of the upper and lower separated linear dipole radiators of the combined radiation layer realizes the reuse of the same aperture and realizes two sets of circular polarizations (left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization) at the same time. The overall structure is realized only by a simple stacked structure, which makes the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna used for low-orbit satellite communications have the advantage of simple structure and controls the manufacturing cost. Therefore, the present invention can achieve large-angle scanning while also having a wide bandwidth, and the overall structure is simple and the manufacturing cost is low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1This is a main diagram of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a main diagram of an antenna array of a dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array for low-orbit satellite communications according to the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a burst diagram of the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a main diagram of the combined radiation layer of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a main diagram of the coupler layer of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 6 The normalized pattern simulation result of the combined radiation layer of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna applied to low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 7 The S-parameter simulation results of the coupler layer of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna applied to low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention are as follows;

[0020] Figure 8 The S-parameter simulation results of the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention are as follows;

[0021] Figure 9 The simulation results of the gain and axial ratio of the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention are as follows;

[0022] Figure 10 The normalized radiation pattern simulation result of the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna applied to low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 11 The normalized radiation pattern and axial ratio results of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications at 10.7 GHz of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 12 The normalized radiation pattern and axial ratio results of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna applied to low-orbit satellite communications at 14.5 GHz are shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Example 1: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications includes M×N antenna array elements 1, where M and N are both integers greater than 1, and the M×N antenna array elements 1 are evenly distributed in M ​​rows and N columns to form an array structure, which is called an antenna array. There is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna array elements 1 in the same row, and there is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna array elements 1 in the same column. Each antenna array element 1 includes 4 antenna units, and the 4 antenna units are evenly distributed in 2 rows and 2 columns to form an array structure, which is called an array structure. Antenna element array, there is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements in the same row, and there is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements in the same column. The intersection of the four antenna elements forms a straight line, which is used as the central axis of the antenna array 1. The antenna element located in the first row and the first column is called the first antenna element 2, the antenna element located in the first row and the second column is called the second antenna element 3, the antenna element located in the second row and the first column is called the third antenna element 4, and the antenna element located in the second row and the second column is called the fourth antenna element 5. If the first antenna element 2 is an antenna element The central axis of the antenna array 1 is the rotation axis. If it is rotated 90 degrees in the clockwise direction, it will completely overlap with the second antenna unit 3. If the first antenna unit 2 is rotated 180 degrees in the clockwise direction with the central axis of the antenna array 1 as the rotation axis, it will completely overlap with the fourth antenna unit 5. If the first antenna unit 2 is rotated 270 degrees in the clockwise direction with the central axis of the antenna array 1 as the rotation axis, it will completely overlap with the third antenna unit 4. The antenna array 1 realizes circular polarization feeding by feeding the four antenna elements in rotation order; the first antenna unit 2 includes a combination arranged from top to bottom. The radiation layer, the first copper plate 11, the coupler layer and the second copper plate 55, the first copper plate 11 is used for grounding the combined radiation layer and the coupler layer, the second copper plate 55 is used for grounding the coupler layer, the coupler layer uses an orthogonal coupler based on a short-circuited three-branch structure to convert the external RF signal into two RF signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees and transmit them to the combined radiation layer, and the combined radiation layer uses a pair of linear dipole radiators separated up and down to radiate the two RF signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees transmitted to it by the coupler layer, thereby realizing the common-aperture antenna characteristics of antennas with different polarization signals.

[0027] Example 2: This example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the row direction of the antenna array is defined as the front-to-back direction, and the column direction is defined as the left-to-right direction. The row direction of the antenna element array is along the front-to-back direction, and the column direction is along the left-to-right direction. A pair of linear dipole radiators separated up and down in the combined radiating layer are respectively referred to as a first linear dipole radiator and a second linear dipole radiator. The combined radiating layer also includes a PCB board, which is referred to as a first PCB board 6. The first PCB board 6 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure. The length direction of the first PCB board 6 is along the front-to-back direction, the width direction is along the left-to-right direction, and the thickness direction is along the top-to-bottom direction. The central axis of the first PCB board 6 along the top-to-bottom direction is used as the central axis of the first antenna unit 2. The plane that makes the first PCB board 6 front-to-back symmetrical is referred to as a first symmetry plane, and the plane that makes the first PCB board 6 left-to-right symmetrical is referred to as a second symmetry plane. The first linear dipole radiator includes a probe and two dipole arms, which are respectively referred to as a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm. The probe includes a first rectangular metal patch 7 and a first circular metal patch 8. The first rectangular metal patch 7 and the first circular metal patch 8 are respectively attached to the upper surface of the first PCB board 6. The length direction of the first rectangular metal patch 7 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction. The length of the first rectangular metal patch 7 does not exceed 1 / 2 of the width of the first PCB board 6. An arc-shaped groove is opened from the front side of the first rectangular metal patch 7 to the rear, and the arc-shaped groove is called the first arc-shaped groove. The first circular metal patch 8 is located on the front side of the first rectangular metal patch 7, and its rear part is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove, just filling the first arc-shaped groove; the rear side of the first rectangular metal patch 7 is located on the front side of the plane where the rear end face of the first PCB board 6 is located, and there is a distance between the two. The first circular metal patch 8 is located on the rear side of the plane where the front end face of the first PCB board 6 is located, and there is a distance between the two. The first rectangular metal patch 7 is both bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the second symmetry plane and front-to-back symmetrical with respect to the first symmetry plane, and the first circular metal patch 8 is bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the second symmetry plane.The first dipole arm includes a pentagonal metal patch, which is referred to as the first pentagonal metal patch 9. The first pentagonal metal patch 9 is located on the left side of the first rectangular metal patch 7 and is attached to the upper surface of the first PCB board 6. One side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 is defined as the first side. Starting from the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9, the remaining four sides of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 are referred to as the second side, the third side, the fourth side and the fifth side in a clockwise direction. The length of the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 is equal to the length of its fifth side, the length of the second side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 is equal to the length of its fourth side, and the third side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 is parallel to the first side. The left side of a rectangular metal patch 7, the second side and the fourth side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 are respectively located on the right side of the third side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9, the second side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 is located in front of its fourth side, the second side and the fourth side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 are both perpendicular to its third side, the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 and its second side form an internal angle of 135 degrees, the fourth side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 and its fifth side form an internal angle of 135 degrees, the intersection of the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 and its fifth side coincides with the midpoint of the left side of the first rectangular metal patch 7, and the third side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 is located at the left end of the first PCB board 6 The first pentagonal metal patch 9 is symmetrical with respect to the first symmetry plane; the first circular metal patch 8 is located on the right side of the straight line where the intersection of the first side and the second side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 and the intersection of the fourth side and the fifth side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 are located, and there is a distance between the two; the second dipole arm is located on the right side of the first rectangular metal patch 7, and the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm are both bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the second symmetry plane; the side of the second dipole arm that is bilaterally symmetrical with the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 is called its first side, and the side that is bilaterally symmetrical with the fifth side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 is called its fifth side; The acute angle region formed by the intersection of the first side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 and the left side of the first rectangular metal patch 7 is called the first region, the acute angle region formed by the intersection of the first side of the second dipole arm and the right side of the first rectangular metal patch 7 is called the second region, the acute angle region formed by the intersection of the fifth side of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 and the left side of the first rectangular metal patch 7 is called the third region, and the acute angle region formed by the intersection of the fifth side of the second dipole arm and the right side of the first rectangular metal patch 7 is called the fourth region; if the first linear dipole radiator is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise with the central axis of the first antenna unit 2 as the rotation axis, and then mapped to the lower surface of the first PCB board 6, it will completely overlap with the second linear dipole radiator;The circular metal patch corresponding to the first circular metal patch 8 in the second linear dipole radiator is called the second circular metal patch; the first antenna unit 2 also includes a first dielectric plate 10, the first dielectric plate 10 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the first dielectric plate 10 is located below the first PCB board 6, the length direction of the first dielectric plate 10 is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The front end face of the first dielectric plate 10 and the front end face of the first PCB board 6 are located in the same plane, the rear end face of the first dielectric plate 10 and the rear end face of the first PCB board 6 are located in the same plane, and the left end face of the first dielectric plate 10 and the left end face of the first PCB board 6 are located in the same plane. The first dielectric plate 10 is provided with a first PCB board 6, and the right end surface of the first dielectric plate 10 is located in the same plane as the right end surface of the first PCB board 6. The lower surface of the first PCB board 6 is fixed to the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 10 by gluing. The first copper plate 11 is located below the first dielectric plate 10. The length direction of the first copper plate 11 is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The front end surface of the first copper plate 11 is located in the same plane as the front end surface of the first dielectric plate 10. The rear end surface of the first copper plate 11 is located in the same plane as the rear end surface of the first dielectric plate 10. The left end surface of the first copper plate 11 is located in the same plane as the left end surface of the first dielectric plate 10. The right end surface of the first copper plate 11 is located in the same plane as the left end surface of the first dielectric plate 10. The right end surface of the dielectric board 10 is located in the same plane, and the lower surface of the first dielectric board 10 is fixed to the upper surface of the first copper board 11 by a gluing process; starting from the upper end surface of the first PCB board 6, four metallized vias are opened, extending from top to bottom to connect with the upper surface of the first copper board 11. The four metallized vias are all cylindrical holes, and the central axes are all along the up and down directions. The four metallized vias are respectively referred to as the first metallized via 12, the second metallized via 13, the third metallized via 14 and the fourth metallized via 15; starting from the upper end surface of the first dielectric board 10, four metallized vias are opened, extending from top to bottom to connect with the upper surface of the first copper board 11. The four metallized vias are all cylindrical holes, and their central axes are all along the up-down direction. The four metallized vias are respectively referred to as the fifth metallized via, the sixth metallized via, the seventh metallized via, and the eighth metallized via; the first metallized via 12 is located directly below the first region, the second metallized via 13 is located directly below the third region, and is front-to-back symmetrical with the first metallized via 12 about the first symmetry plane; the third metallized via 14 is located directly below the second region, and is left-to-right symmetrical with the first metallized via 12 about the second symmetry plane; the fourth metallized via 15 is located directly below the fourth region, and is left-to-right symmetrical with the second metallized via 13 about the second symmetry plane;If the first metallized via 12 is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise about the central axis of the first antenna element 2, its central axis will be collinear with the central axis of the fifth metallized via. If the second metallized via 13 is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise about the central axis of the first antenna element 2, its central axis will be collinear with the central axis of the sixth metallized via. If the third metallized via 14 is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise about the central axis of the first antenna element 2, its central axis will be collinear with the central axis of the seventh metallized via. If the fourth metallized via 15 is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise about the central axis of the first antenna element 2, its central axis will be collinear with the central axis of the eighth metallized via.

[0028] In this embodiment, the two linear dipole radiators are divided into two layers, upper and lower, with a 90-degree offset, providing a basic unit for realizing two different polarization characteristics. The upper linear dipole radiator can be used to realize left-hand circular polarization, and the lower linear dipole radiator can be used to realize right-hand circular polarization. Grounding through four metallized vias can enhance the stability of the antenna, achieve better symmetrical radiation, and improve impedance matching.

[0029] Example 3: This example is basically the same as Example 2, except that: Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, the coupler layer further includes a second dielectric plate 16 and a PCB board, and the PCB board is referred to as a second PCB board 17. The length direction of the second dielectric plate 16 is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The second dielectric plate 16 is located below the first copper plate 11. The front end surface of the second dielectric plate 16 and the front end surface of the first copper plate 11 are located in the same plane, the rear end surface of the second dielectric plate 16 and the rear end surface of the first copper plate 11 are located in the same plane, the left end surface of the second dielectric plate 16 and the left end surface of the first copper plate 11 are located in the same plane, and the right end surface of the second dielectric plate 16 and the right end surface of the first copper plate 11 are located in the same plane. The upper surface of the second dielectric plate 16 and the lower surface of the first copper plate 11 are bonded together. The second PCB board 17 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the length direction of the second PCB board 17 is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The second PCB board 17 is located below the second dielectric board 16, the front end face of the second PCB board 17 and the front end face of the second dielectric board 16 are located in the same plane, the rear end face of the second PCB board 17 and the rear end face of the second dielectric board 16 are located in the same plane, the left end face of the second PCB board 17 and the left end face of the second dielectric board 16 are located in the same plane, the right end face of the second PCB board 17 and the right end face of the second dielectric board 16 are located in the same plane, the lower surface of the first copper plate 11 and the upper surface of the second dielectric board 16 are fixed and in a bonded state; the orthogonal coupler is etched on The lower end surface of the second PCB board 17; the orthogonal coupler includes four metal wires and three short-circuit branches, the four metal wires are respectively referred to as the first metal wire, the second metal wire, the third metal wire and the fourth metal wire, and the three short-circuit branches are respectively referred to as the first short-circuit branch, the second short-circuit branch and the third short-circuit branch; the first metal wire includes a first structural component and a second structural component, the first structural component includes a first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18, a second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19, a first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 20, a second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 21, a third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 22, a second rectangular metal patch 23, a third rectangular metal patch 24, a fourth rectangular metal patch 25, a fifth rectangular metal patch 26, and a sixth rectangular metal patch 27, seventh rectangular metal patch 28, eighth rectangular metal patch 29, ninth rectangular metal patch 30, and tenth rectangular metal patch 31; the upper and lower bases of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18 both extend in the front-to-back direction, its lower base is located to the right of its upper base, its right-angled waist extends in the left-to-right direction, its right-angled waist is located behind its oblique waist, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the upper base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18 is located to the right of the plane where the left end face of the second PCB board 17 is located, and there is a distance between the two; the second rectangular metal patch 23 is located to the right of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18, and the length direction of the second rectangular metal patch 23 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction;The length of the second rectangular metal patch 23 is equal to the length of the lower base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18, the left side of the second rectangular metal patch 23 is in contact with the lower base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18, the back side of the second rectangular metal patch 23 and the right-angled waist of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18 are located on the same straight line, and the intersection of the oblique waist of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18 and its lower base is located on the straight line where the front side of the second rectangular metal patch 23 is located; the third rectangular metal patch 24 is located on the right side of the second rectangular metal patch 23, the length direction of the third rectangular metal patch 24 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the left side of the third rectangular metal patch 24 is in contact with the right side of the second rectangular metal patch 23, and the third rectangular metal patch 24 is in contact with the right side of the second rectangular metal patch 23. The front side of the rectangular metal patch 24 is located in the same straight line as the front side of the second rectangular metal patch 23, and the back side of the third rectangular metal patch 24 is located in front of the straight line where the back side of the second rectangular metal patch 23 is located, and there is a distance between the two; the fourth rectangular metal patch 25 is located on the right side of the third rectangular metal patch 24, and the length direction of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the left side of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25 is in contact with the right side of the third rectangular metal patch 24, the back side of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25 is located in the same straight line as the back side of the third rectangular metal patch 24, and the front side of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25 is located in front of the straight line where the front side of the third rectangular metal patch 24 is located. , and there is a distance between the two; the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 20 is located on the right side of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25, the upper base and lower base of the first isosceles trapezoid both extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located on the left side of its upper base, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 20 is the same as that of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25, the lower base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 20 is in a fit state with the right side of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25, and the two intersection points formed by the two oblique waists of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 20 and its lower base are respectively located on the straight line where the front side and the rear side of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25 are located; the fifth rectangular metal patch 26 is located on the fourth rectangular On the left side of the metal patch 25, the length direction of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-to-back direction; the right side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26 is in contact with the left side of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25, the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26 is in the same straight line as the front side of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25, the rear side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26 is located on the rear side of the third rectangular metal patch 24, and there is a distance between the two, and the left side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26 is in the same straight line as the left side of the third rectangular metal patch 24; the sixth rectangular metal patch 27 is located on the left side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26, the length direction of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction;The right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27 is in contact with the left side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26, the back side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27 is in the same straight line as the back side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26, the front side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27 is in front of the straight line where the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26 is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the left side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27 is in the same straight line as the left side of the second rectangular metal patch 23; the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 21 is located on the left side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27, the upper base and lower base of the second isosceles trapezoid both extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located to the right of its upper base, and its oblique waist is aligned with its lower base. The angle between them is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 21 is equal to the length of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27, the lower base of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 21 is in a fit with the left side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27, the upper base of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 21 and the upper base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18 are located on the same straight line, and the two intersections formed by the two oblique waists of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 21 and its lower base are respectively located on the straight line where the front side and the rear side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27 are located; the seventh rectangular metal patch 28 is located on the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27, and the length direction of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along Front-to-back direction; the left side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28 is in contact with the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27, the front side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28 is in the same straight line as the front side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27, the back side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28 is in front of the straight line where the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26 is located, and there is a distance between the two, the right side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28 is in the same straight line as the right side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26; the eighth rectangular metal patch 29 is on the right side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28, the length direction of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the left side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29 The right side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29 is in contact with the right side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28, the back side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29 is in a straight line with the back side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28, the front side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29 is in front of the straight line where the front side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28 is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the right side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29 is in a straight line with the right side of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25; the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 22 is located on the right side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29, the upper base and lower base of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 22 both extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located to the left of its upper base, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees;The length of the lower base of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 22 is equal to the length of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29, the lower base of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 22 is in contact with the right side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29, the upper base of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 22 is located on the same straight line as the upper base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 20, and the two intersection points formed by the two oblique waists of the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 22 and its lower base are respectively located on the straight line where the front side and the rear side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29 are located; the ninth rectangular metal patch 30 is located on the left side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29, the length direction of the ninth rectangular metal patch 30 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the ninth rectangular metal patch 30 is located on the left side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29, the length direction of the ninth rectangular metal patch 30 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; The right side of the rectangular metal patch 30 is in contact with the left side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29, the front side of the ninth rectangular metal patch 30 is in the same straight line as the front side of the eighth rectangular metal patch 29, the back side of the ninth rectangular metal patch 30 is behind the back side of the straight line where the back side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28 is located, and there is a distance between the two, the left side of the ninth rectangular metal patch 30 is in the same straight line as the left side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28; the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 is on the left side of the ninth rectangular metal patch 30, the length direction of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the right side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 is in contact with the ninth rectangular metal patch The left side of 30 is in a fitted state, the back side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 is in the same straight line as the back side of the ninth rectangular metal patch 30, the front side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 is in front of the straight line where the front side of the ninth rectangular metal patch 30 is located, and there is a distance between the two, the left side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 is in the same straight line as the left side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27; the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 is located on the left side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31, the upper base and the lower base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 both extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located to the right of its upper base, its right-angled waist extends in the left-to-right direction, its right-angled waist is located in front of its oblique waist, and its The angle between the oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 is equal to the length of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31, the lower base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 is in contact with the left side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31, the right-angled waist of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 and the front side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 are located in the same straight line, and the upper base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 and the upper base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18 are located in the same straight line; the second structural component includes a fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 32, a third circular metal patch 33, an eleventh rectangular metal patch 34, a twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 and a thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36;The eleventh rectangular metal patch 34 is located in front of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 and the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19, the length direction of the eleventh rectangular metal patch 34 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the rear side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch 34 is in contact with the right-angled waist of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 and the front side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31, the left side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch 34 and the upper bottom side of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 are in the same straight line, and the right side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch 34 and the right side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 are in the same straight line; the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 is located in front of the eleventh rectangular metal patch 34, the length direction of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 is along the left-to-right direction. direction, and the width direction is along the front-to-back direction; the rear side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 is in contact with the front side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch 34, the left side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 is on the same straight line as the left side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch 34, and the right side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 is to the right of the straight line where the right side of the eleventh rectangular metal patch 34 is located, and there is a distance between the two; the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 32 is located on the front side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35, and the upper and lower bases of the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 32 both extend in the left-right direction, and its lower base is located on the rear side of its upper base, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 32 is the same as The length of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 is equal, the lower base of the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 32 is in contact with the front side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35, and the two intersection points formed by the two oblique waists of the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 32 and its lower base are respectively located on the straight line where the left side and the right side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 are located; the upper base of the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 32 is located on the rear side of the front end surface of the second PCB board 17, and there is a distance between the two; the thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36 is located on the rear side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35, the length direction of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the front side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36 is in contact with the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 The rear side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36 is in a fitted state, the right side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36 is located in the same straight line as the right side of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35, and the left side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36 is located to the right of the straight line where the upper base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 20 is located, and there is a distance between the two; an arc-shaped groove is opened forward from the rear side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36, and the arc-shaped groove is called the second arc-shaped groove. The third circular metal patch 33 is located on the rear side of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36, and its front part is embedded in the second arc-shaped groove, just filling the second arc-shaped groove. The center of the third circular metal patch 33 and the center of the first circular metal patch 8 are located on the same straight line perpendicular to the second PCB board 17 in the up and down direction;The second metal wire includes a third structural component and a fourth structural component. The third structural component is located on the right side of the first structural component, and the first structural component and the third structural component are symmetrical about a plane. The plane that makes the first structural component and the third structural component symmetrical is called the third symmetry plane; the part of the third structural component that is symmetrical with the second rectangular metal patch 23 is called its first patch 37, the part of the third structural component that is symmetrical with the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18 is called its second patch 38, the part of the third structural component that is symmetrical with the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 is called its third patch 39, and the part of the third structural component that is symmetrical with the sixth rectangular metal patch 27 is called its fourth patch 40; the fourth structural component The structural component includes a fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 41, a third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42, a fourth circular metal patch 43, a fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44, a fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45 and a sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46; the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44 is located on the rear side of the first patch 37 and the second patch 38 of the third structural component, the length direction of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the front side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44 is in contact with the rear side of the first patch 37 and the right-angled waist of the second patch 38, and the left side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44 is in the same straight line with the left side of the first patch 37 of the third structural component; the right side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44 is located on the rear side of the third structural component The upper base of the second patch 38 of the component is on the right side of the straight line, and there is a distance between the two; the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 41 is located on the rear side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44, and the upper and lower bases of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 41 both extend in the left and right directions, and its lower base is located in front of its upper base, and the angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees; the length of the lower base of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 41 is equal to the length of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44, and the lower base of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 41 is in a fit state with the rear side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44, and the upper base of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 41 is located in front of the plane where the rear end surface of the second PCB board 17 is located, and there is a distance between the two. The two intersection points formed by the two oblique waists of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 41 and its lower base are respectively located on the straight line on the left side and the straight line on the right side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44; the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45 is located on the front side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44, and the length direction of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width direction is along the left-to-right direction; the rear side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45 is in contact with the front side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44, and the right side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45 is located on the same straight line as the right side of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 44. The left side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45 is located to the right of the straight line on which the upper base of the second patch 38 of the third structural component is located, and there is a distance between the two.The third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42 is located on the rear side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45. The upper and lower bases of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42 extend in the front-to-back direction, and its lower base is located on the left side of its upper base. Its right-angled waist extends in the left-to-right direction, and its right-angled waist is located on the rear side of its oblique waist. The angle between its oblique waist and its lower base is 45 degrees. The right-angled waist of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42 is in contact with the front side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45. The upper base of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42 and the right side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45 are located in the same straight line. The length of the upper base of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42 is less than the width of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45. ; The sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46 is located on the left side of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42, the length direction of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the width of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46 is equal to the length of the lower base side of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42, the right side of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46 is in a fit state with the lower base side of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42, the back side of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46 and the right-angle waist of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42 are located in the same straight line, the left side of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46 is located to the left of the left side of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45, and there is a distance between the two; the sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46 An arc-shaped groove is opened from the left side of the patch 46 to the back, and the arc-shaped groove is called the third arc-shaped groove. The fourth circular metal patch 43 is located on the left side of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46, and its right part is embedded in the third arc-shaped groove, filling the third arc-shaped groove. The center of the fourth circular metal patch 43 and the center of the second circular metal patch are located on the same straight line perpendicular to the second PCB board 17. The fourth circular metal patch 43 is located to the right of the straight line where the upper bottom edge of the second patch 38 of the third structural component is located, and there is a distance between the two. The third metal wire includes the seventeenth rectangular metal patch 47. The length direction of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch 47 is along the left-right direction, and the width is 1 / 4 of the second PCB board 17. The left side of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch 47 is in contact with the right side of the second rectangular metal patch 23, and the right side of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch 47 is in contact with the left side of the first patch 37 of the third structural component. The front side of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch 47 is located behind the rear side of the third rectangular metal patch 24, and there is a distance between the two. The rear side of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch 47 is located in front of the rear side of the second rectangular metal patch 23, and there is a distance between the two. The fourth metal wire includes an eighteenth rectangular metal patch 48, and the length direction of the eighteenth rectangular metal patch 48 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-to-back direction.The left side of the eighteenth rectangular metal patch 48 is in contact with the right side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31, and the right side of the eighteenth rectangular metal patch 48 is in contact with the left side of the third patch 39 of the third structural component. The front side of the eighteenth rectangular metal patch 48 is located behind the front side of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31, and there is a distance between the two. The rear side of the eighteenth rectangular metal patch 48 is located in front of the front side of the ninth rectangular metal patch 30, and there is a distance between the two. The first short-circuit branch includes the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49, and the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49 is located on the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27. The length direction of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49 is along the left-right direction, and the width is The direction is along the front-to-back direction; the left side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49 is in a fit state with the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27, the front side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49 is located behind the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26, and there is a distance between the two, the rear side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49 is located in front of the rear side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28, and there is a distance between the two, the right side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49 is located to the left of the left side of the fourth patch 40 of the third structural component, and there is a distance between the two; the second short-circuit branch includes the twentieth rectangular metal patch 50, the twentieth rectangular metal patch 50 is located on the left side of the fourth patch 40 of the third structural component, and the second The length direction of the tenth rectangular metal patch 50 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction; the right side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch 50 is in contact with the left side of the fourth patch 40 of the third structural component, the front side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch 50 is located behind the rear side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49, and there is a distance between the two, the rear side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch 50 is located in front of the front side of the fifth rectangular metal patch 26, and there is a distance between the two, the left side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch 50 is located to the right of the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27, and there is a distance between the two; the third short-circuit branch includes the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51, the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 52, and the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 53. The patch 51 is located on the left side of the fourth patch 40 of the third structural component. The length direction of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51 is along the left-right direction, and the width direction is along the front-back direction. The right side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51 is in contact with the left side of the fourth patch 40 of the third structural component. The front side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51 is located behind the front side of the seventh rectangular metal patch 28, and there is a distance between the two. The rear side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51 is located in front of the front side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49, and there is a distance between the two. The left side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51 is located to the right of the right side of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27, and there is a distance between the two.The twentieth rectangular metal patch 50 and the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51 have the same length and width, and the distance between the front side of the twentieth rectangular metal patch 50 and the rear side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49 is equal to the distance between the rear side of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51 and the front side of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49.

[0030] In this embodiment, the combined radiation layer and the orthogonal coupler are connected by two cylindrical metal pillars, which are respectively referred to as the first metal pillar 52 and the second metal pillar 53. The central axes of the first metal pillar 52 and the second metal pillar 53 extend in the up-down direction. The center of the first circular metal patch 8 is located on the straight line where the central axis of the first metal pillar 52 is located. The first metal pillar 52 passes through the first PCB board 6, the first dielectric board 10, the first copper plate 11 and the second PCB board 17 from top to bottom. The upper end surface of the first metal pillar 52 is in contact with the first circular metal patch 8, and the lower end surface of the first metal pillar 52 is in contact with the third circular metal patch 33. The center of the second circular metal patch is located on the straight line where the central axis of the second metal pillar 53 is located. On the top, the second metal column 53 passes through the first PCB board 6, the first dielectric board 10, the first copper plate 11 and the second PCB board 17 from top to bottom, and the upper end surface of the second metal column 53 is in contact with the second circular metal patch, and the lower end surface of the second metal column 53 is in contact with the fourth circular metal patch 43; a third dielectric board 54 is provided below the second PCB board 17, the length direction of the third dielectric board 54 is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, the front end surface of the third dielectric board 54 is in the same plane as the front end surface of the second PCB board 17, the rear end surface of the third dielectric board 54 is in the same plane as the rear end surface of the second PCB board 17, and the left end surface of the third dielectric board 54 is in contact with the left end surface of the second PCB board 17. The second PCB board 17 is fixed to the upper surface of the third dielectric plate 54 by gluing. The second copper plate 55 is located below the third dielectric plate 54. The length direction of the second copper plate 55 is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The front end face of the second copper plate 55 is located in the same plane as the front end face of the third dielectric plate 54. The rear end face of the second copper plate 55 is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the third dielectric plate 54. The left end face of the second copper plate 55 is located in the same plane as the left end face of the third dielectric plate 54. The right end face of the second copper plate 55 is located in the same plane as the right end face of the third dielectric plate 54. The third dielectric plate 54 is located in the same plane. The lower surface of the first copper plate 11 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the second copper plate 55 by gluing; the coupler layer is connected to the first copper plate 11 and the second copper plate 55 by three cylindrical metal pillars, and the three cylindrical metal pillars are respectively referred to as the third metal pillar 56, the fourth metal pillar 57 and the fifth metal pillar 58. The central axes of the third metal pillar 56, the fourth metal pillar 57 and the fifth metal pillar 58 all extend in the up-down direction. The third metal pillar 56 extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate 11 to be connected to the second copper plate 55. The upper end surface of the third metal pillar 56 and the upper end surface of the first copper plate 11 are located in the same plane, and the lower end surface of the third metal pillar 56 is in a bonded state with the upper end surface of the second copper plate 55. At the same time, the third metal pillar 56 passes through the right end portion of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49;The fourth metal post 57 extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate 11 to connect with the second copper plate 55. The upper end surface of the fifth metal post 58 is coplanar with the upper end surface of the first copper plate 11, and the lower end surface of the fifth metal post 58 is in contact with the upper end surface of the second copper plate 55. At the same time, the fourth metal post 57 passes through the left end portion of the twentieth rectangular metal patch 50. The fifth metal post 58 extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate 11 to connect with the second copper plate 55. The upper end surface of the fifth metal post 58 is coplanar with the upper end surface of the first copper plate 11, and the lower end surface of the fifth metal post 58 is in contact with the upper end surface of the second copper plate 55. At the same time, the fifth metal post 58 passes through the left end portion of the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51.

[0031] In this embodiment, an orthogonal coupler composed of four metal wires and three short-circuit stubs is used to implement dual circular polarization signal distribution and phase control through the three short-circuit stubs, thereby expanding the operating bandwidth.

[0032] Example 4: This example is basically the same as Example 3, except that: in this example, the first PCB board 6 has a length of 10.5 mm, a width of 10.5 mm, and a thickness of 0.245 mm, and adopts SYTECH S1000-2M board material, the first dielectric board 10 has a length of 10.5 mm, a width of 10.5 mm, and a thickness of 1.524 mm, and adopts Synamic board material, the first copper plate 11 has a length of 10.5 mm, a width of 10.5 mm, and a thickness of 0.012 mm, the second dielectric board 16 has a length of 10.5 mm, a width of 10.5 mm, and a thickness of 0.508 mm, and adopts SYTECH S7136H plate, the second PCB board 17 has a length of 10.5mm, a width of 10.5mm, and a thickness of 0.102mm, the third dielectric board 54 has a length of 10.5mm, a width of 10.5mm, and a thickness of 0.508mm, and SYTECHS7136H plate is used, the second copper plate 55 has a length of 10.5mm, a width of 10.5mm, and a thickness of 0.012mm; the first rectangular metal patch 7 has a length of 3.52mm, a width of 0.3mm, and a thickness of 0.012mm, and the second rectangular metal patch 2 The length of the third rectangular metal patch 24, the fifth rectangular metal patch 26, the seventh rectangular metal patch 28 and the ninth rectangular metal patch 30 are all 0.76 mm long, 0.5 mm wide and 0.012 mm thick. The length of the fourth rectangular metal patch 25 and the eighth rectangular metal patch 29 are all 1.24 mm long, 0.08 mm wide and 0.012 mm thick. The length of the sixth rectangular metal patch 27 is 2.12 mm long, 0.2 mm wide and 0.2 mm thick. The length of the tenth rectangular metal patch 31 is 3.18 mm, the width is 0.46 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the eleventh rectangular metal patch 34 is 1.14 mm, the width is 0.19 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the twelfth rectangular metal patch 35 is 4.0 mm, the width is 0.11 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the thirteenth rectangular metal patch 36 is 1.65 mm, the width is 0.46 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the fourteenth rectangular metal patch 37 is 1.65 mm, the width is 0.46 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the metal patch 44 is 3.46 mm, the width is 0.11 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the fifteenth rectangular metal patch 45 is 4.0 mm, the width is 0.46 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the sixteenth rectangular metal patch 46 is 0.95 mm, the width is 0.42 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the seventeenth rectangular metal patch 47 and the eighteenth rectangular metal patch 48 are both 0.32 mm, the width is 0.1 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The length of the nineteenth rectangular metal patch 49 is 3.1mm, width 0.31mm, thickness 0.012mm, the twentieth rectangular metal patch 50 and the twenty-first rectangular metal patch 51 are both 3.1mm long, 0.15mm wide, and 0.012mm thick, the first circular metal patch 8 and the second circular metal patch are both 0.7mm in diameter and 0.012mm in thickness, the third circular metal patch 33 and the fourth circular metal patch 43 are both 0.6mm in diameter and 0.012mm in thickness, the first metal column 52 and the first metal column 53 are both 0.1mm long, 0.15mm wide, and 0.012mm thick, the first metal column 53 and the second metal column 54 are both 0.1mm long, 0.15mm wide, and 0.012mm thick, the first metal column 54 and the second metal column 55 are both 0.1mm long, 0.15mm wide, and 0.012mm thick, the first metal column 52 and the second metal column 53 are both 0.1mm long, 0.15mm wide, and 0.012mm thick, the first metal column 52 and the second metal column 54 ... The diameter of the second metal pillar 53 is 0.3 mm, the diameter of the third metal pillar 56 is 0.3 mm, and the diameter of the fourth metal pillar 57 and the fifth metal pillar 58 are 0.15 mm. The length of the upper base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18 and the length of the lower base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 are 0.86 mm, the length of the lower base of the first right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 18 and the length of the lower base of the second right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 19 are 0.28 mm, and the thickness of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42 is 0.11 mm, and the length of the lower base of the third right-angled trapezoidal metal patch 42 is 0.11 mm. 46mm, the height is 0.35mm, the thickness is 0.012mm, the length of the upper base of the first isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 20 and the third isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 22 is 0.68mm, the length of the lower base is 1.24mm, the height is 0.28mm, the thickness is 0.012mm, the length of the upper base of the second isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 21 is 1.56mm, the length of the lower base is 2.12mm, the height is 0.28mm, the thickness is 0.012mm, the fourth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 21 is 1.56mm, the length of the lower base is 2.12mm, the height is 0.28mm, the thickness is 0.012mm, The upper base of patch 32 is 1.56 mm long, the lower base is 2.12 mm long, the height is 0.28 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The upper base of the fifth isosceles trapezoidal metal patch 41 is 3.3 mm long, the lower base is 4.0 mm long, the height is 0.35 mm, and the thickness is 0.012 mm. The first and fifth sides of the first pentagonal metal patch 9 are both 1.97 mm long, the second and fourth sides are both 2.3 mm long, and the third side is 3 mm long.

[0033] In order to verify the performance of the coupler layer of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention, a simulation is performed. The simulation results of the normalized radiation pattern of the combined radiation layer of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention are shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown in FIG, the S parameter simulation results of the coupler layer of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna applied to low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention are as follows: Figure 7 As shown in FIG, the S parameter simulation results of the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention are as follows: Figure 8As shown in FIG, the simulation results of the gain and axial ratio of the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention are as follows: Figure 9 As shown in FIG. 1 , the normalized radiation pattern simulation results of the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention are shown in FIG. Figure 10 As shown, the normalized radiation pattern of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna applied to low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention at 10.7 GHz is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the normalized radiation pattern of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna applied to low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention at 14.5 GHz is as follows: Figure 12 shown.

[0034] analyze Figure 6 It can be seen that when the spatial radiation of the combined radiation layer of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention is at the center frequency of 12.6 GHz, the peak gain of port 1' where the third circular metal patch is located and the peak gain of port 2' where the fourth circular metal patch is located are both 3.3 dBi, the simulation result of the 3dB beamforming half-power width is 93°, and the cross-polarization isolation is greater than 37 dB, which shows that the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention has good circularly polarized radiation characteristics and symmetry. Analysis Figure 7 It can be seen that the coupler layer of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention achieves broadband impedance matching in the range of 9 GHz to 16 GHz (i.e., Ku band), showing that it has a wide working bandwidth of 56% and the characteristics of broadband communication. Figure 8 It can be seen that the reflection coefficients |S11| and |S22| of port 1 (composed of the right-angle waist of the first right-angle trapezoidal metal patch and the rear side of the second rectangular metal patch) and port 2 (the third structural component that is symmetrical with the part composed of the right-angle waist of the second right-angle trapezoidal metal patch and the front side of the tenth rectangular metal patch) of the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention are both lower than -15dB. It can be seen that the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention has good impedance matching within a bandwidth range of 40%. At the same time, the isolation is lower than -1dB, which means that its different polarization ports have good isolation. Analysis Figure 9It can be seen that the gain of the first antenna unit of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention is better than 1.7dBic, the amplitude difference between its port 1 and port 2 is less than 0.1dB, and its port 1 is in RHCP, its port 2 is in LHCP, and the relative axial ratio bandwidth (axial ratio <3dB) is also greater than 37%. It can be seen that the antenna array of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention has good circularly polarized radiation characteristics within the working frequency band. Analysis Figure 10 It can be seen that the main beam gain of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna applied to low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention is 3.1dBic, and the cross-polarization isolation is greater than 22.5dB. It can be seen that the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna applied to low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention has good circular polarization radiation characteristics. Analysis Figure 11 It can be seen that the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention has a gain attenuation of 3dB and an axial ratio of 2.3dB at 10.7GHz within a ±60° scanning range, which indicates that even when scanning at large angles, the radiation pattern of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention still maintains good stability and does not exhibit grating lobe effects. Analysis Figure 12 It can be seen that the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention has a gain attenuation of 5.9 dB and an axial ratio of 4.9 dB at 14.5 GHz within a scanning range of ±60°, which indicates that even when scanning at large angles, the radiation pattern of the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention still maintains good stability and no grating lobe effect occurs.

[0035] In summary, the dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications of the present invention has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, good circular polarization performance, wide-angle scanning capability and compact design, and has good application prospects in Ku-band satellite communications.

Claims

1. A dual circularly polarized, co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications, comprising an antenna array formed by M × N antenna elements evenly distributed in M ​​rows and N columns, where M and N are both integers greater than 1, and there is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements in the same row, and there is no spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements in the same column; characterized in that Each antenna array includes an antenna element array formed by 4 antenna units evenly distributed in 2 rows and 2 columns. The 4 antenna units are the first antenna unit to the fourth antenna unit. The straight line formed by the intersection of the 4 antenna units serves as the central axis of the antenna array. If the first antenna unit is rotated 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees clockwise with the central axis of the antenna array as the rotation axis, it will completely overlap with the second antenna unit, the fourth antenna unit, and the third antenna unit respectively. The antenna array realizes circular polarization feeding by feeding the rotation sequence of its 4 antenna units; the first antenna unit includes a combined radiation layer, a first copper plate, a coupler layer, and a second copper plate arranged from top to bottom. The first copper plate is used for grounding the combined radiation layer and the coupler layer. The second copper plate is used for grounding the coupler layer. The coupler layer uses an orthogonal coupler based on a short-circuited three-branch structure to convert the external RF signal into two RF signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees and transmit them to the combined radiation layer. The combined radiation layer uses a pair of linear dipole radiators separated up and down to radiate the two RF signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees transmitted from the coupler layer to it, thereby realizing the antenna co-aperture antenna characteristics of different polarization signals; the combined radiation layer and the orthogonal coupler are connected by two cylindrical metal columns; the row direction of the antenna array is defined as the front-to-back direction, and the column direction is defined as the left-to-right direction; the pair of linear dipole radiators separated up and down in the combined radiation layer are respectively called the first linear dipole radiator and the second linear dipole radiator, and the combined radiation layer also A first PCB board having a rectangular structure, wherein the length, width, and thickness are respectively along the front-back, left-right, and up-down directions, and the central axis of the first PCB board along the up-down direction is used as the central axis of the first antenna unit; the plane that makes the first PCB board symmetrical in the front-back direction is called the first symmetry plane, and the plane that makes the first PCB board symmetrical in the left-right direction is called the second symmetry plane; the first linear dipole radiator includes a probe, a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm; the probe includes a first rectangular metal patch and a first circular metal patch, the first rectangular metal patch and the first circular metal patch are respectively attached to the upper surface of the first PCB board, the length direction of the first rectangular metal patch is along the front-back direction, the width direction is along the left-right direction, and the length of the first rectangular metal patch does not exceed A first arc-shaped groove is formed backward from the front side of the first rectangular metal patch, which is 1 / 2 of the width of the first PCB board. The first circular metal patch is located in front of the first rectangular metal patch, and its rear portion fills the first arc-shaped groove. The rear side of the first rectangular metal patch is located in front of the plane where the rear end face of the first PCB board is located, with a distance between the two. The first circular metal patch is located in the rear of the plane where the front end face of the first PCB board is located, with a distance between the two. The first dipole arm includes a first pentagonal metal patch, and the first pentagonal metal patch is symmetrical about the first symmetry plane. The second dipole arm is located to the right of the first rectangular metal patch, and the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm are symmetrical about the second symmetry plane.If the first linear dipole radiator is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise with the central axis of the first antenna unit as the rotation axis, it will completely overlap with the second linear dipole radiator when mapped to the lower surface of the first PCB board. The first antenna unit also includes a first dielectric plate located below the first PCB board. The coupler layer also includes a second dielectric plate located below the first copper plate and a second PCB board located below the second dielectric plate. The orthogonal coupler is etched on the lower end surface of the second PCB board. The orthogonal coupler includes four metal wires and three short-circuit branches. The four metal wires are respectively referred to as the first metal wire and the second metal wire. The first metal line, the second metal line, the third metal line, and the fourth metal line are respectively referred to as the first short-circuit stub, the second short-circuit stub, and the third short-circuit stub; the first metal line and the second metal line are two coupling lines of the orthogonal coupler; the first metal line is connected to the second metal line through the third metal line and the fourth metal line; the three short-circuit stubs are arranged between the first metal line and the second metal line, wherein the first short-circuit stub is connected to the first metal line, the second short-circuit stub and the third short-circuit stub are connected to the second metal line, and the first short-circuit stub is located between the second short-circuit stub and the third short-circuit stub.

2. The dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 1, characterized in that Starting from the upper end surface of the first PCB board, four metallized vias are provided, extending from top to bottom to be connected to the upper surface of the first copper plate. The four metallized vias are all cylindrical holes, and the central axes are all along the up-down direction. The four metallized vias are respectively referred to as the first metallized via, the second metallized via, the third metallized via and the fourth metallized via; starting from the upper end surface of the first dielectric plate, four metallized vias are provided, extending from top to bottom to be connected to the upper surface of the first copper plate. The four metallized vias are all cylindrical holes, and the central axes are all along the up-down direction. The four metallized vias are respectively referred to as the fifth metallized via, the sixth metallized via, the seventh metallized via and the eighth metallized via; the second metallized via is symmetrical with the first metallized via about the first symmetry plane, and the third metallized via is symmetrical with the first metallized via about the second symmetry plane. The surface is bilaterally symmetrical, and the fourth metallized via is bilaterally symmetrical with the second metallized via about the second symmetry plane; if the first metallized via is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise with the central axis of the first antenna unit as the rotation axis, its central axis will be in the same straight line as the central axis of the fifth metallized via; if the second metallized via is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise with the central axis of the first antenna unit as the rotation axis, its central axis will be in the same straight line as the central axis of the sixth metallized via; if the third metallized via is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise with the central axis of the first antenna unit as the rotation axis, its central axis will be in the same straight line as the central axis of the seventh metallized via; if the fourth metallized via is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise with the central axis of the first antenna unit as the rotation axis, its central axis will be in the same straight line as the central axis of the eighth metallized via.

3. The dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 2, characterized in that The two cylindrical metal pillars are respectively called the first metal pillar and the second metal pillar. The central axes of the first metal pillar and the second metal pillar extend in the up-down direction. The center of the first circular metal patch is located on the straight line where the central axis of the first metal pillar is located. The first metal pillar passes through the first PCB board, the first dielectric board, the first copper plate and the second PCB board from top to bottom, and the upper end surface of the first metal pillar is in affixed state with the first circular metal patch, and the lower end surface of the first metal pillar is in affixed state with the third circular metal patch. The circular metal patch corresponding to the first circular metal patch in the second linear dipole radiator is called the second circular metal patch. The center of the second circular metal patch is located on the straight line where the central axis of the second metal pillar is located. The second metal pillar extends from The first PCB board, the first dielectric board, the first copper board and the second PCB board are passed through from top to bottom, and the upper end face of the second metal column is in contact with the second circular metal patch, and the lower end face of the second metal column is in contact with the fourth circular metal patch; a third dielectric board is provided below the second PCB board, the length direction of the third dielectric board is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction, the front end face of the third dielectric board and the front end face of the second PCB board are located in the same plane, the rear end face of the third dielectric board and the rear end face of the second PCB board are located in the same plane, the left end face of the third dielectric board and the left end face of the second PCB board are located in the same plane, and the right end face of the third dielectric board and the right end face of the second PCB board are located in the same plane. , the lower surface of the second PCB board is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the third dielectric board by gluing; the second copper plate is located below the third dielectric board, the length direction of the second copper plate is along the left-right direction, the width direction is along the front-back direction, and the thickness direction is along the up-down direction. The front end face of the second copper plate and the front end face of the third dielectric board are located in the same plane, the rear end face of the second copper plate and the rear end face of the third dielectric board are located in the same plane, the left end face of the second copper plate and the left end face of the third dielectric board are located in the same plane, the right end face of the second copper plate and the right end face of the third dielectric board are located in the same plane, and the lower surface of the third dielectric board and the upper surface of the second copper plate are fixedly connected by gluing; the coupler layer is connected to the first copper plate and the second copper plate by three cylindrical metal columns. The three cylindrical metal pillars are respectively called the third metal pillar, the fourth metal pillar and the fifth metal pillar. The central axes of the third metal pillar, the fourth metal pillar and the fifth metal pillar all extend in the up-down direction. The third metal pillar extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate to be connected to the second copper plate. The upper end surface of the third metal pillar and the upper end surface of the first copper plate are located in the same plane, and the lower end surface of the third metal pillar is in a bonded state with the upper end surface of the second copper plate; the fourth metal pillar extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate to be connected to the second copper plate; the upper end surface of the fifth metal pillar and the upper end surface of the first copper plate are located in the same plane, and the lower end surface of the fifth metal pillar is in a bonded state with the upper end surface of the second copper plate; the fifth metal pillar extends from the upper end surface of the first copper plate to be connected to the second copper plate;The upper end surface of the fifth metal column and the upper end surface of the first copper plate are located in the same plane, and the lower end surface of the fifth metal column and the upper end surface of the second copper plate are in contact with each other.

4. The dual circularly polarized co-aperture phased array antenna for low-orbit satellite communications according to claim 3, characterized in that The length of the first PCB board is 10.5mm, the width is 10.5mm, the thickness is 0.245mm, and it uses SYTECH S1000-2M plate. The length of the first dielectric board is 10.5mm, the width is 10.5mm, the thickness is 1.524mm, and it uses Synamic plate. The length of the first copper plate is 10.5mm, the width is 10.5mm, and the thickness is 0.012mm. The length of the second dielectric board is 10.5mm, the width is 10.5mm, and the thickness is 0.508mm. It uses SYTECH S7136H plate. The length of the second PCB board is 10.5mm, the width is 10.5mm, and the thickness is 0.102mm. The length of the third dielectric board is 10.5mm, the width is 10.5mm, and the thickness is 0.508mm. It uses SYTECH S7136H plate, the second copper plate has a length of 10.5mm, a width of 10.5mm, and a thickness of 0.012mm; the first rectangular metal patch has a length of 3.52mm, a width of 0.3mm, and a thickness of 0.012mm; the first circular metal patch and the second circular metal patch have diameters of 0.7mm and thicknesses of 0.012mm; the third circular metal patch and the fourth circular metal patch have diameters of 0.6mm and thicknesses of 0.012mm; the first metal column and the second metal column have diameters of 0.3mm, the third metal column has a diameter of 0.3mm, and the fourth metal column and the fifth metal column have diameters of 0.15mm.

Images