Accelerating field convergence for frequency-temperature model of resonator oscillator in transceiver

Abstract

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a user equipment (UE) comprising: at least one antenna; a transceiver coupled to at least one antenna, where the transceiver comprises: a resonator oscillator configured to generate a resonator signal; and a temperature sensor configured to generate a temperature signal related to a temperature of the resonator oscillator; an application processor coupled to the transceiver; and a resonator field calibrator coupled to the application processor and the transceiver.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims priority to pending U.S. non-provisional application No. 17 / 869,713, filed on July 20, 2022, which is assigned to the assignee of the present application and is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth below and for all applicable purposes. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to resonator oscillators (eg, crystal oscillators), and in particular, to accelerating field convergence of a frequency-temperature characteristic model of a resonator oscillator for use in a radio frequency (RF) receiver or transceiver. Background Art

[0004] User equipment (UE) employs a receiver or transceiver that receives radio frequency (RF) signals from various network entities, such as base stations in the case of wireless wide area networks (WWANs), satellites in the case of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), and / or access points in the case of wireless local area networks (WLANs) (e.g., WiFi). The receiver or transceiver employs a local oscillator (LO) driven by a resonator oscillator to generate an LO signal to down-convert the received RF signal to a baseband (BB) signal of a defined frequency range. If the frequency of the LO signal is out of specification due to frequency errors or drifts in the resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator, the receiver or transceiver may not be able to lock onto or synchronize with the received RF signal. Summary of the invention

[0005] The following content presents a simplified summary of one or more implementations in order to provide a basic understanding of such implementations. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of all contemplated implementations, and is not intended to identify key or important elements of all implementations, nor is it intended to delineate the scope of any or all implementations. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more implementations in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is subsequently presented.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a user equipment (UE). The UE includes: at least one antenna; a transceiver coupled to the at least one antenna, wherein the transceiver includes: a resonator oscillator configured to generate a resonator signal; and a temperature sensor configured to generate a temperature signal related to a temperature of the resonator oscillator; an application processor coupled to the transceiver; and a resonator field calibrator coupled to the application processor and the transceiver.

[0007] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for temperature compensation. The method includes: instructing an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode; when the application processor operates in the first power operating mode, receiving a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of a transceiver; updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors; and adjusting a frequency of a resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model.

[0008] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to an apparatus. The apparatus includes: means for instructing an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode; means for receiving a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of a receiver when the application processor operates in the first power operating mode; means for updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors; and means for adjusting a frequency of a resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model.

[0009] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, the non-transitory computer-readable medium including code for causing a processor in a user equipment to perform the following operations: instructing an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode; when the application processor operates in the first power operating mode, receiving a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of a receiver; updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors; and adjusting the frequency of a resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model.

[0010] To achieve the foregoing and related purposes, one or more specific implementations include the features fully described below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying illustrations set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more specific implementations. However, these aspects are merely indicative of several of the various ways in which the principles of each specific implementation can be employed, and the specification specific implementations are intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 A block diagram of an example wireless communication system according to one aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0012] Figure 2 A block diagram of an example transceiver according to another aspect of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0013] Figure 3Graphs illustrating various example frequency-temperature characteristics of a resonator oscillator according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 4 An example frequency uncertainty versus temperature graph for a particular resonator oscillator according to another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0015] Figure 5 Illustrated is a graph of example frequency uncertainty versus temperature for another particular resonator oscillator according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0016] Fig. 6A A block diagram of an example user equipment (UE) is illustrated according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 6B A flow chart illustrating an example method of field updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of a resonator oscillator and use thereof according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0018] Fig. 7A A block diagram illustrating another example user equipment (UE) according to another aspect of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0019] Figure 7B-1 / 7B-2 illustrates a flowchart of another example method and use of a frequency-temperature characteristic model of a field-updated resonator oscillator according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 8 A block diagram of an example resonator field calibrator according to another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0021] Fig. 9 A flow chart illustrating an example method of adjusting the frequency of a resonator signal generated by a resonator oscillator according to another aspect of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The specific embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are intended as descriptions of various configurations and are not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, in order to avoid obscuring such concepts, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form.

[0023] Figure 1A block diagram of an example wireless communication system 100 according to one aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 includes a user equipment (UE) 110, one or more global navigation satellite system (GNSS) satellites 140, one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) base stations (BS) 120, and one or more wireless local area network (WLAN) (e.g., WiFi) access points (APs) 130. It should be understood that the wireless communication system 100 is only one example and may be configured differently.

[0024] UE 110 (which may be implemented as any of a number of different types of wireless devices (e.g., smartphones, automotive wireless devices (e.g., telematics, infotainment, etc.), desktop computers, laptops, tablet devices, wearable devices, medical devices, Internet of Things (IoT), etc.)) wirelessly communicates with one or more GNSS satellites 140, one or more WWANBS 120, and one or more WLAN APs 130. Because automobiles that may include a cellular vehicle-to-network (C2VX) system may be subject to a wider temperature range (e.g., -30 degrees Celsius (° C.) (e.g., a cold morning in Alaska) to 90° C. (e.g., direct sunlight on a hot afternoon in Arizona) than other devices (e.g., smartphones), the frequency-temperature modeling described herein may be particularly useful in automobiles and other devices that may be subject to a wider temperature range.

[0025] For example, if UE 110 is running a navigation-related application, UE 110 may wirelessly receive radio frequency (RF) signals from one or more GNSS satellites 140 to receive location determination information. If UE 110 is running a WWAN-related application (e.g., accessing the Internet and / or voice / video calls), UE 110 may wirelessly receive RF signals from one or more WWAN BSs 120 to receive voice / video and / or data. If UE 110 is running a WLAN-related application (e.g., accessing a multimedia streaming service), UE 110 may wirelessly receive RF signals from one or more WLAN APs 130 to receive streaming multimedia data.

[0026] When extracting information / data from the received RF signal, the UE 110 down-converts the received RF signal by mixing the RF signal with a local oscillator (LO) signal to generate a baseband (BB) signal. The BB signal is then further processed to extract the embedded information / data. The frequency of the BB signal is the difference between the frequency of the RF signal carrier and the frequency of the LO signal. If the receiver implemented in the UE 110 is a zero intermediate frequency (ZIF) receiver, the BB signal is centered at zero (0) Hz; or in other words, the frequency of the LO signal is the same as the frequency of the received RF signal carrier. If the receiver implemented in the UE 110 is a non-zero intermediate frequency (NZIF) receiver, the BB signal will be centered on the positive and negative difference between the frequencies of the RF carrier and the LO signal. For ease of explanation, a ZIF receiver is used as an example herein; however, it should be understood that the UE 110 can be implemented with an NZIF receiver.

[0027] The frequencies of the RF signal carriers transmitted by the one or more GNSS satellites 140, the one or more WWAN BSs 120, and the one or more WLAN APs 130 are typically very precise and controlled. This is because the one or more GNSS satellites 140, the one or more WWAN BSs 120, and the one or more WLAN APs 130 include expensive oscillators (e.g., cesium atomic clocks) to generate highly frequency accurate and frequency stable RF signal carriers. Due to their accuracy and stability, these signals are often referred to as "gold standards."

[0028] On the other hand, UE 110 may generally use a relatively inexpensive resonator oscillator (such as a crystal oscillator or a microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonator oscillator) to generate the LO signal. Such an inexpensive resonator oscillator may vary significantly with ambient temperature. However, once UE 110 is locked to (synchronized with) the RF signal carrier, UE 110 is able to communicate wirelessly with network entities (e.g., GNSS satellite 140, WWAN BS 120, and / or WLAN AP 130), even if the frequency of the LO signal changes due to changes in the resonator oscillator with temperature and / or aging. However, in order for UE 110 to initially lock to the RF signal carrier, especially when the user first turns it on (out-of-the-box) or cold restarts it thereafter, the frequency of the LO signal should be within the range of its target frequency. If not, UE 110 may not be able to lock to the RF signal carrier; and thus, it is not possible to wirelessly communicate (reside) with the corresponding network entity.

[0029] Figure 21 illustrates a block diagram of an example transceiver 200 according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The transceiver 200 may be implemented in a UE 110. Although a transceiver is used to illustrate the concepts herein, it should be understood that a UE 110 may incorporate only a receiver (and not a transmitter), such as in the case of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver that receives signals from, but does not transmit signals to, one or more GNSS satellites 140.

[0030] The transceiver 200 includes at least one antenna 205 (e.g., an antenna array), a duplexer 210, a radio frequency (RF) receiver (RX) 215, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 230, and a receiver (RX) baseband (BB) processor (e.g., including I / Q phase rotator processing). The transceiver 200 may include a transmitter (TX) baseband (BB) processor 250, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 255, and a radio frequency (RF) transmitter (TX) 225. In addition, the transceiver 200 includes a local oscillator (LO) 220, a resonator oscillator 235 (e.g., a crystal or MEMS resonator oscillator with an associated temperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor)), and a resonator field calibrator 245.

[0031] In a receiving application, at least one antenna 205 picks up an RF signal S transmitted by a network entity (eg, GNSS satellite 140, WWANBS 120, or WLAN AP 130). RRF The duplexer 210 converts the received RF signal S RRF The RF RX 215 input is routed to the RF RX 215 input, while essentially combining the RF RX 215 input with the transmit RF signal S generated by the RF TX 225. TRF RFRX 215 processes the received RF signal S RRF To generate the received baseband signal S RBB In this regard, the RF RX 215 may low noise amplify the received RF signal S RRF , using the receiver LO signal S RLO The amplified received RF signal is down-converted and the down-converted signal is filtered to generate a received baseband signal S RBB ADC 230 digitizes the received baseband signal S RBB To generate the digitized received baseband signal S RD The RX BB processor 240 processes the received baseband signal S RD To generate the received baseband signal S RD The received I RX and Q RX Data component.

[0032] In a transmit application, the TX BB processor 250 receives and processes the transmit I TX and Q TX Data component to generate the transmit baseband digital signal S TD DAC 255 will send the baseband digital signal S TD Converted into a transmit baseband analog signal S TBB RF TX 225 processes the transmitted baseband analog signal S TBB To generate the transmitted RF signal S TRF In this regard, the RF TX 225 may use the transmitter LO signal S TLO To up-convert and transmit the baseband analog signal S TBB , filtering the up-converted signal, and power amplifying the filtered signal to generate a transmit RF signal S TRF The duplexer 210 transmits the RF signal S TRF Routed to at least one antenna 205 for radiation into free space for transmission to a network entity (eg, GNSS satellite 140, WWAN BS 120, or WLAN AP 130).

[0033] LO 220 is based on the resonator signal S generated by the resonator oscillator 235 R Generates the receiver LO signal S RLO and the transmitter LO signal S TLO For example, LO 220 may include a receiver phase-locked loop (PLL) to provide a phase-locked loop (PLL) for receiving the resonator signal S R Frequency multiplication is performed to generate the receiver LO signal S RLO Similarly, LO 220 may include a transmitter PLL to transmit the resonator signal S R Frequency multiplication is performed to generate the transmitter LO signal S TLO .

[0034] As discussed previously with reference to the ZIF receiver, the receiver LO signal S RLO The frequency of the received RF signal S RRF The carrier frequencies of the RX BB processor 240 and RX BB 40 are substantially the same (when compensated for Doppler and / or other effects). If this is the case, then the I RX and Q RX The phase of the data component should be substantially constant. However, if the receiver LO signal S RLO The frequency is different from the received RF signal S RLO The carrier frequency, then I RX and Q RX The phase of the data component is rotated according to the frequency difference without correction. Therefore, the rotator component of the RX BB processor 240 is used toRX and Q RX The phase of the data component is counter rotated to compensate for the receiver LO signal S RLO The received RF signal S RLO In this regard, the rotator component of the RX BB processor 240 generates a compensation signal S F , the compensation signal can be used to determine the resonator signal S R frequency.

[0035] As previously discussed, the resonator oscillator 235 includes an associated temperature sensor (eg, a thermistor) that generates a signal S indicative of the temperature of the resonator oscillator 235. T For example, the temperature sensor may be integrated in the same package as the resonator oscillator 235. Alternatively, the temperature sensor may be located near the resonator oscillator 235 so that the temperature signal S T An accurate indication of the temperature of the resonator oscillator 235 is provided.

[0036] The resonator field calibrator 245 receives the rotator compensation signal S from the RX BB processor 240 F and the temperature signal S from the temperature sensor of the resonator oscillator 235 T , and generates / updates a frequency-temperature (characteristic) model of the resonator oscillator 235. As previously described, the resonator field calibrator 245 uses the frequency-temperature model to adjust the frequency signal S via the frequency adjustment signal S at initial (out-of-box) startup or subsequent cold restart. FA Adjust the resonator signal S R frequency to ensure that the resonator signal S R The frequency is based on the temperature signal S T The frequency-temperature model indicates the current temperature. This ensures that the resonator signal S R The frequency error of I is within a certain margin, thereby allowing the RX BB processor 240 to perform appropriate phase rotation compensation (if any) to accurately generate I RX and Q RX In other words, the transceiver 200 is locked to (synchronized with) the RF signal received from the network entity.

[0037] Without a frequency-temperature model and frequency adjustment during initial startup or subsequent cold restart, the resonator signal S R The error in the frequency of I may exceed the RX BB processor 240 can perform appropriate phase rotation compensation to accurately generate I RX and Q RXIn other words, the transceiver 200 is unable to lock onto the RF signal received from the network entity. However, the variation of the frequency-temperature model of the resonator oscillator used in this transceiver 200 may be significant, as discussed further herein.

[0038] It should be understood that transceiver 200 is only one example and its specific implementation may vary significantly based on various transmission and / or reception requirements. As an example, if transceiver 200 time-multiplexes the transmission and reception of signals, such as in the case of time division duplexing (TDD), duplexer 210 may not be required. Alternatively, if separate receive and transmit antennas are coupled to RF RX 215 and RF TX 225, respectively, duplexer 210 may not be required. In addition, transceiver 200 may include other transmit chains and / or receive chains, such as for carrier aggregation (CA), spatial transmission / reception, and / or other applications. In addition, transceiver 200 may include additional filters and / or other RF blocks between antenna 205 and RF RX 215 and / or RF TX 225 and / or elsewhere in the transceiver architecture.

[0039] Figure 3 A graph illustrating various example frequency-temperature characteristics of a resonator (e.g., crystal) oscillator according to another aspect of the present disclosure is shown. The x-axis or horizontal axis of the graph represents temperature (° C.) in the range of -30° C. to +90° C. The y-axis or vertical axis of the graph represents the frequency change from a target frequency f0 at a nominal temperature t0, expressed in parts per million (PPM), ranging from -12 PPM to +12 PPM.

[0040] As shown in the graph, the frequency-temperature characteristic of the resonator oscillator can be roughly tuned to intersect at a specific (target) frequency f0 at a specific (nominal operating) temperature t0 (e.g., 25°C). The target frequency f0 at the nominal temperature t0 can be set in the UE manufacturing plant. The frequency-temperature characteristic can have an inflection point at such a target f0 and the nominal temperature t0. That is, the inflection point is the point where the second-order differential of the frequency-temperature characteristic is approximately zero (0); that is, the slope of the frequency-temperature response has stopped decreasing and is now increasing. The frequency-temperature characteristic of the resonator oscillator can be modeled with a multi-order (e.g., third-order) polynomial as follows:

[0041] f(t)=c3(t-t0) 3 +c2(t-t0) 2 +c1(t-t0)+c0 Equation 1

[0042] Where f(t) is the resonator signal S R is the frequency, t is the temperature, t0 is the nominal temperature, and c0, c1, c2 and c3 are the coefficients of the polynomial.

[0043] The zeroth coefficient c0 represents the target frequency f0 at a nominal temperature t0 (e.g., 25°C) that can be set at the factory. The first coefficient c1 represents a substantially linear region in which its variation f(t) is on either side of the nominal temperature t0, for example, 10°C to 40°C. The second coefficient c2 and the third coefficient c3 represent a nonlinear region in which its variation f(t) is on either side of the nominal temperature t0, for example, below 10°C and above 40°C. The temperature coefficients c1, c2, and c3 can be determined in the factory, but in order to reduce the testing / tuning time in the factory, the resonator field calibrator 245 updates the coefficients c1, c2, and c3 through field operation of the UE 110. That is, at the factory, the coefficient c0 is set to correspond to the target frequency f0 at the nominal temperature t0. However, at the factory, the coefficients c1, c2, and c3 are set to default values, for example, in the middle of their expected ranges, which may also depend on the resonator type.

[0044] Figure 4 An example frequency uncertainty versus temperature graph for a particular resonator oscillator (e.g., a 38.4 megahertz (MHz) crystal oscillator) according to another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated. The x-axis or horizontal axis of the graph represents temperature (in degrees Celsius) in a range of 50° C. to 120° C. The y-axis or vertical axis of the graph represents frequency uncertainty in parts per million (PPM), ranging from 0 PPM to 35 PPM.

[0045] As previously described, the coefficient c0 of the polynomial (Equation 1) used as an example of a frequency-temperature characteristic model of a resonator oscillator may be determined or set at the factory. However, the other coefficients c1, c2, and c3 may be set to default values. Therefore, out of the box, the actual resonator oscillator may have a different frequency-temperature model than the resonator oscillator set by the factory. This results in adjusting the resonator signal S using the factory-set frequency-temperature model. R The frequency uncertainty at the frequency of

[0046] The out-of-the-box frequency uncertainty is depicted as a large dashed curve in the graph. In this example, the thicker horizontal line at 20 PPM shown in the graph represents the maximum allowable frequency uncertainty. That is, if the frequency uncertainty is higher than 20 PPM (which may be another value), the UE 110 may not be able to lock onto the RF frequency signal sent by the network entity. In addition, according to this example, the thicker vertical line at 105°C represents the upper limit of the operating temperature of the UE 110. Therefore, based on the out-of-the-box frequency uncertainty curve, for operating temperatures of 95°C to 105°C, the frequency uncertainty is higher than the maximum allowable frequency uncertainty of 20 PPM. Therefore, if the user initially starts the UE 110 (e.g., a car telematics / infotainment device) outside in direct sunlight and a hot climate, so that the device is close to such a temperature range, the UE 110 may not lock onto the RF signal sent by the network entity; and if the user attempts to make an emergency call, this may have adverse consequences.

[0047] Thus, at out-of-box startup, the resonator field calibrator 245 of the transceiver 200 of the UE 110 may perform an initial field calibration (IFC) to receive a set of frequency-temperature vectors (S ) from the temperature sensors of the RX BB processor 240 and the resonator oscillator 235. F -S T ), the resonator field calibrator 245 uses the set of frequency-temperature vectors to update or refine the first coefficient c1 of the frequency-temperature polynomial (Equation 1). As an example, the resonator field calibrator 245 may use several dozen frequency-temperature vectors (S ) in the linear region around the nominal temperature t0. F -S T ) to achieve a better estimate or convergence of the first coefficient c1. At this point, it can be said that the resonator field calibrator 245 has reached the IFC state.

[0048] The IFC state frequency uncertainty is depicted as a small dashed curve in the figure. According to the IFC state frequency uncertainty curve, the frequency uncertainty is below the 20 PPM maximum tolerable frequency uncertainty for the entire operating temperature range of UE 110. This means that after the IFC state has been reached, UE 110 may be able to lock onto the RF signal transmitted by the network entity regardless of the current temperature at which UE 110 is operating. Therefore, it is desirable for resonator field calibrator 245 to reach the IFC state as quickly as possible after out-of-box startup.

[0049] The resonator field calibrator 245 continues to refine (curve fit) the zeroth coefficient c0 and the first coefficient c1, while keeping the second coefficient c2 and the third coefficient c3 constant at their default values. Once the second coefficient c2 and the third coefficient c3 have reached a certain convergence (e.g., for a certain number of frequency-temperature vectors (SF -S T ) changes by less than a defined threshold), it can be said that the resonator field calibrator 245 has reached a state of higher accuracy than the IFC state with respect to the coefficients c0 and c1; this higher accuracy state can be referred to as the FT1 state.

[0050] After the FT1 state has been reached, the user continues to use the UE 110, and the UE 110 is exposed to more different ambient temperatures. Therefore, the resonator field calibrator 245 may receive more frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ), which may be located in the nonlinear region dominated by the second coefficient c2 and the third coefficient c3 of the frequency-temperature polynomial (Equation 1). The resonator field calibrator 245 uses such an additional frequency-temperature vector (S F -S T ) to update the second coefficient c2 and the third coefficient c3 so that the frequency-temperature polynomial provides a better estimate of the frequency-temperature characteristics of the resonator oscillator over a wider temperature range. At this point, it can be said that the resonator field calibrator 245 has reached another state of higher accuracy with respect to the frequency-temperature polynomial; this state of higher accuracy can be referred to as the FT2 state.

[0051] The FT2 state frequency uncertainty is depicted as a solid curve in the figure. According to the FT2 state frequency uncertainty curve, the frequency uncertainty is well below the 20 PPM maximum allowable frequency uncertainty by a significant margin (e.g., >7 PPM) for the entire operating temperature range of the UE 110. This means that after the FT2 state has been reached, the UE 110 is likely to lock onto the RF signal sent by the network entity, regardless of the current temperature at which the UE 110 is operating.

[0052] Figure 5 1 illustrates an example frequency uncertainty versus temperature graph for another specific resonator (e.g., a 76.8 MHz crystal oscillator) according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The graph is similar to Figure 4 Graph of the curve. Figure 4 A frequency uncertainty versus temperature graph may be related to a lower frequency (eg, 38.4 MHz) crystal oscillator. Figure 5 A frequency uncertainty versus temperature graph may be related to a higher frequency (eg, 76.8 MHz) crystal oscillator.

[0053] A higher frequency crystal oscillator may have lower phase noise and improved RF performance. This may be particularly beneficial for UEs configured to wirelessly communicate with network entities compliant with the New Radio (NR) 5th generation radio access technology (RAT) developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in frequency range 2 (FR2) in the frequency band of 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz.

[0054] However, a higher frequency (e.g., 76.8 MHz) crystal oscillator may have a lower inflection point at a lower temperature than a lower frequency (e.g., 38.4 MHz) crystal oscillator. As a result, at higher operating temperatures, the out-of-box frequency uncertainty or even the IFC state frequency uncertainty may be above or minimally within the 20 PPM maximum allowable frequency uncertainty.

[0055] For example, Figures 4 to 5 As shown in the graph in , the out-of-box frequency uncertainty of the higher frequency (76.8MHz) crystal oscillator is higher than the 20PPM maximum allowable frequency uncertainty for the operating range of 85°C to 105°C; while the out-of-box frequency uncertainty of the lower frequency (38.4MHz) crystal oscillator is higher than the 20PPM maximum allowable frequency uncertainty for the operating range of 95°C to 105°C. The IFC state frequency uncertainty of the higher frequency (76.8MHz) crystal oscillator barely meets the 20PPM maximum allowable frequency uncertainty at the maximum operating temperature of 105°C; while the IFC state frequency uncertainty of the lower frequency (38.4MHz) crystal oscillator is lower than the 20PPM maximum allowable frequency uncertainty at the maximum operating temperature of 105°C with a margin of 3PPM. The FT2 state frequency uncertainty of both the higher and lower frequency crystal oscillators has sufficient margin below the 20PPM maximum allowable frequency uncertainty. Therefore, for higher frequency crystal oscillators, it is even more desirable to speed up the time to reach the IFC state from the out-of-box startup state.

[0056] Fig. 6A A block diagram of an example user equipment (UE) 600 according to another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated. The UE 600 may be an example implementation of the previously discussed UE 110. The UE 600 includes an application processor 610, a transceiver 620, at least one antenna 640 (eg, an antenna array), and a resonator field calibrator 630.

[0057] The application processor 610 may run various applications for the UE 600. For example, the application processor 610 may run a first application (APP-1) for controlling WWAN wireless communication operations, such as NR and long term evolution (LTE) wireless communication operations with corresponding one or more base stations (BS). The application processor 610 may run a second application (APP-2) for controlling WLAN wireless communication operations, such as WiFi wireless communication operations with an access point (AP). The application processor 610 may run a third application (APP-3) for controlling GNSS wireless communication operations, such as GPS reception operations with corresponding one or more GNSS satellites. The application processor 610 may also run non-modem / transceiver type applications (e.g., APP-N), such as turning on the display backlight or performing mathematical operations, etc. These applications are merely examples, and the UE 600 may include different, fewer, or more applications, for example, up to N applications (APP-1 to APP-N), where N is a positive integer.

[0058] The transceiver 620 may be implemented as the transceiver 200 discussed previously. In this example, for ease of illustration, the resonator field calibrator 630 is shown as being separate from the transceiver 620. The transceiver 620 is coupled to the application processor 610 to receive transmission data therefrom and / or to provide received data thereto. The transceiver 620 is also coupled to at least one antenna 640 for wirelessly transmitting RF signals to one or more network entities (e.g., GNSS satellites 140, WWAN BSs 120, and / or WLAN APs 130) and / or for wirelessly receiving RF signals from one or more network entities. The resonator field calibrator 630 (which may be implemented as the resonator field calibrator 245 discussed previously) is coupled to the transceiver 620 to receive a frequency-temperature vector (S) therefrom. F -S T ) and provide a frequency adjustment signal S to it FA .

[0059] As used herein, an application processor (e.g., 610 and 702 discussed further herein) may be any dedicated circuit, processor-based hardware, a processing core of a system on a chip (SOC), etc., which may or may not include at least a portion of a transceiver 704 (such as a modem) for controlling signal reception and / or transmission (transmission) operations according to various protocols (e.g., NR / LTE, WiFi, GNSS, etc.). Such signal reception and / or transmission operations may include setting carrier or LO frequency, bandwidth including configuring appropriate filters, signal reception and / or transmission timing, signal amplification, spatial processing, modulation / demodulation constellation configuration, data processing and packetization / depacketization, etc. In some specific implementations, at least a portion of the functionality / hardware of the application processor may be integrated with the modem and / or transceiver. Hardware examples of application processors may include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure.

[0060] The application processor may be coupled to a memory (e.g., typically a computer-readable medium or media) such as a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk, a magnetic stripe), an optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (CD) or a digital versatile disc (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, or key drive), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), registers, a removable disk, and any other suitable medium for storing software and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by a computer. The memory may store computer executable code (e.g., software). Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures / processes, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0061] Figure 6B A flow chart illustrating an example method 650 and use thereof of a frequency-temperature model of a field-updated resonator oscillator according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The method 650 may be implemented by the UE 600 discussed previously.

[0062] According to method 650, when the device is received from the factory and used out of the box, UE 600 is turned on by the user (block 655). In response to the initial out-of-box startup, resonator field calibrator 630 receives temperature signal S from transceiver 620. T, and uses the factory default resonator frequency-temperature model and the current temperature S T To generate the frequency adjustment signal S FA The resonator oscillator 235 of the transceiver 620 adjusts the frequency based on the signal S FA To adjust the resonator signal S R frequency.

[0063] Then, according to method 650, the application processor 610 operates according to one or more of the applications (e.g., APP-X, where X is one of 1-N) according to a "normal" power operating mode (box 665). The normal power operating mode is a mode in which application APP-X wakes up (relatively high power configuration) to perform its required operations, and then returns to sleep (relatively low power configuration) after the required operations are completed in order to save power. For example, if application APP-X is application APP-1 (X=1), application APP-1 can wake up to determine whether the received RF signal has downlink control information (DCI) addressed to it, otherwise return to sleep mode; or if there is a DCI addressed to it indicating data in the physical shared downlink channel (PSDCH), application APP-1 accesses the data from the PSDCH, performs any operations it must perform on the data, and then enters sleep mode. In other words, in the normal power operating mode, application APP-X wakes up and sleeps only based on the functional requirements of application APP-X (rather than based on signals from the resonator field calibrator 630, as further discussed herein).

[0064] The method 650 also includes the resonator field calibrator 630 receiving one or more frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T )(Block 670). Considering the previous example of application APP-1 (X=1), the transceiver 620 receives an RF signal carrying DCI and / or PSDCH. The rotator component of the RX BB processor 240 generates a phase rotation compensation signal S F To correct the receiver LO signal S RLO The received RF signal S RRF As mentioned above, the phase rotation compensation signal S F Provides a resonator signal S R Therefore, in this example, the phase rotation compensation signal S F is the frequency-temperature vector (S) received by the resonator field calibrator 630 from the transceiver 620 F -S T) frequency component. The resonator field calibrator 630 also receives a frequency-temperature vector (S ) from a temperature sensor (eg, a thermistor) of the resonator oscillator 235 of the transceiver 620. F -S T )’s current temperature component.

[0065] Then, according to method 650, resonator field calibrator 630 calculates the frequency-temperature vector (S) based on the received one or more frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ) updates the frequency-temperature model of the resonator oscillator 235 (block 675). For example, as previously described, this may require the resonator field calibrator 630 to perform an IFC state calibration, including updating the frequency-temperature model of the resonator oscillator 235 based on the received frequency-temperature vector (S F -S T ) updates the first coefficient c1 of the frequency-temperature polynomial (Equation 1). Alternatively or in addition, the resonator field calibrator 630 may perform FT1 state calibration, including based on the received frequency-temperature vector (S F -S T ) updates (curve fits) the zeroth coefficient c0 and the first coefficient c1 of the frequency-temperature polynomial (Equation 1), while maintaining the second coefficient c2 and the third coefficient c3 at their factory default values. Alternatively or in addition, the resonator field calibrator 630 may perform an FT2 state calibration, including a frequency-temperature vector (S ) received that is related to the temperature in the nonlinear region of the resonator frequency-temperature characteristic. F -S T ) updates the second coefficient c2 and the third coefficient c3 of the frequency-temperature polynomial (Equation 1).

[0066] The method 650 may also include the resonator field calibrator 630 determining whether there has been a new cold restart of the UE 600 (block 680). If not, the UE 600 repeats the operations of blocks 665, 670, and 675 until a new cold restart is detected in block 680. If a new cold restart is detected in block 680, the resonator field calibrator 630 may determine whether there has been a new cold restart of the UE 600 (block 680). T The resonator signal S of the resonator oscillator 235 is adjusted based on the current temperature indicated and the current (latest) frequency-temperature model. R The method 650 may then continue to repeat the operations of blocks 665, 670, 675, 680, and 685, if necessary.

[0067] A disadvantage of the UE 600 and the updating and use of the frequency-temperature model according to the method 650 is that the resonator field calibrator 630 relies on the applications APP-1 to APP-N running on the application processor 610 to obtain the frequency-temperature vectors to update or better improve the frequency-temperature model. For example, if the UE 600 is not heavily used when booting up out of the box (e.g., the applications APP-1 to APP-N are usually dormant most of the time), the resonator field calibrator 630 may not receive a sufficient number of frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ) to implement an accurate frequency-temperature model. In this case, if the UE 600 is moved to a location where the temperature is in a highly nonlinear region of the resonator frequency-temperature characteristic, the resonator signal S R The frequency uncertainty in may be higher than the maximum allowable frequency uncertainty; this may cause the UE 600 to not lock onto the RF signal sent by the corresponding network entity. If the UE 600 needs to make an emergency call at this time, adverse consequences may result.

[0068] Fig. 7A 1 is a block diagram illustrating another example user equipment (UE) according to another aspect of the present disclosure. UE 700 may be another example implementation of UE 110 discussed previously. Similarly, UE 700 includes an application processor 702, a transceiver 704, at least one antenna 708 (e.g., an antenna array), and a resonator field calibrator 706.

[0069] Similarly, the application processor 702 may run various applications for the UE 700. For example, the application processor 710 may run a first application (APP-1) for controlling WWAN wireless communication operations, such as NR and LTE wireless communication operations with corresponding one or more base stations (BSs). The application processor 702 may run a second application (APP-2) for controlling WLAN wireless communication operations, such as WiFi wireless communication operations with an access point (AP). The application processor 702 may run a third application (APP-3) for controlling GNSS wireless communication operations, such as GPS reception operations with corresponding one or more GNSS satellites.

[0070] As an example, a central processing unit (CPU) and / or a digital signal processor (DSP) may perform operations of the application processor 702, such as executing a protocol stack that controls the operation of the transceiver 704 to implement communications such as NR, LTE, GPS, etc. For example, the transceiver 704 may be a hardware engine under the control and supervision of the application processor 702. The CPU / DSP and the baseband modem may be part of a SOC, where the RF to baseband conversion hardware is an auxiliary RF chipset of the aforementioned SOC. The CPU / DSP may also host (run) algorithms for the resonator field calibrator 706. The hardware / software configuration used to implement the functionality of the application processor 702, the transceiver 704, and the resonator field calibrator 706 may vary according to many different requirements.

[0071] The application processor 702 may also run non-modem / transceiver type applications (e.g., APP-N), such as turning on a display backlight or performing mathematical operations, etc. These applications are merely examples, and the UE 700 may include different, fewer, or more applications, e.g., up to N applications (APP-1 to APP-N), where N is a positive integer.

[0072] The transceiver 720 may be implemented as the transceiver 200 discussed previously. Similarly, in this example, for ease of illustration, the resonator field calibrator 706 is shown as being separate from the transceiver 704. The transceiver 704 is coupled to the application processor 702 to receive transmit data therefrom and / or to provide received data thereto. The transceiver 704 is also coupled to at least one antenna 708 for wirelessly transmitting RF signals to one or more corresponding network entities and / or wirelessly receiving RF signals from one or more corresponding network entities. The resonator field calibrator 706 (which may be implemented as the resonator field calibrator 245 discussed previously) is coupled to the transceiver 704 to receive a frequency-temperature vector (S) therefrom. F -S T ) and provide a frequency adjustment signal S to it FA .

[0073] UE 700 differs from UE 600 in that there is a feedback path between the resonator field calibrator 706 and the application processor 702. The feedback path allows the resonator field calibrator 706 to send a power mode feedback signal S to the application processor 702. FB For example, in one aspect, the power mode feedback signal S FB The application processor 702 may be caused to enter a higher or boosted power operating mode to trigger the transceiver 704 to generate more different frequency-temperature vectors (S) that will allow the resonator field calibrator 706 to update or converge the resonator frequency-temperature model in an accelerated manner. F -S T ). Feedback signal S FBIt can be implemented as a messaging protocol such as the Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), Inter-IC (IC 2 C) or others.

[0074] For example, the feedback signal S FB The NR / LTE application APP-1 may be instructed to perform more measurements of RF signals sent by one or more corresponding network entities, so that the transceiver 704 generates more frequency measurements S F To generate more different frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ). Alternatively or in addition, the feedback signal S FB The NR / LTE application APP-1 may be instructed to send RF signals to one or more corresponding network entities at a higher power level and / or longer duration than required to force the temperature S of the resonator oscillator 235 to T Increase the defined quantity to achieve more different frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ). Alternatively or in addition, the feedback signal S FB The non-modem / transceiver application APP-N may be instructed to turn on the backlight of the display of the UE 700 or to perform repeated mathematical operations to similarly implement a defined increase in the temperature of the resonator oscillator 235 to achieve more different frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ).

[0075] Feedback signal S FB The foregoing uses of are only a few examples, and resonator field calibrator 706 may instruct application processor 702 to perform additional operations (eg, via feedback signal S FB ) so that the transceiver 704 generates more different frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ), so that the resonator field calibrator 706 can update or converge the frequency-temperature model in a more accelerated manner than that of the UE 600. That is, in the UE 600, the applications APP-1 to APP-N operate in a normal power operation mode that is not based on a signal from the resonator field calibrator 706 or is not affected by the resonator field calibrator. However, in the UE 700, the applications APP-1 to APP-N respond to the feedback signal S received from the resonator field calibrator 706. FB Operating in a boosted power operating mode (higher than a normal power operating mode) causes the transceiver 704 to generate more different frequency-temperature vectors for the resonator field calibrator 706 to accelerate the update or convergence of the frequency-temperature model of the resonator oscillator 235.

[0076] Figure 7B-1 / 7B-2 illustrates a flow chart of another example method 730 and use thereof for field updating a frequency-temperature model of a resonator oscillator according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The method 730 may be implemented by the UE 700 discussed previously.

[0077] According to method 730, when the device is received from the factory and used out of the box, UE 700 is turned on by the user (block 735). In response to the initial out-of-box startup, resonator field calibrator 706 receives the current temperature signal S from transceiver 704. T , and uses the factory default resonator frequency-temperature model and the current temperature S T To generate the frequency adjustment signal S FA The frequency adjustment signal is provided to the transceiver 704 (block 740). The resonator oscillator 235 of the transceiver 704 adjusts the frequency based on the frequency adjustment signal S FA To adjust the resonator signal S R frequency.

[0078] Then, according to method 730, resonator field calibrator 706 sends a feedback signal S to application processor 702 via a feedback path. FB To operate in the artificially high second power operating mode (block 745). As previously discussed, this enables the transceiver 704 to generate more different frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ) to allow the resonator field calibrator 706 to update or converge the frequency-temperature model of the resonator oscillator 235 in an accelerated manner.

[0079] The method 730 also includes applying one or more of APP-1 to APP-N to operate according to the second power operating mode (block 750). As previously discussed, this may require the feedback signal S FB Instructs the NR / LTE application APP-1 to perform more measurements of RF signals received from one or more corresponding base stations (BSs), causing the transceiver 704 to generate more frequency measurements S F To generate more different frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ). Alternatively or in addition, the feedback signal S FB The NR / LTE application APP-1 may be instructed to send RF signals to one or more corresponding base stations (BS) at a higher power level and / or longer duration than required to force the temperature S of the resonator oscillator 235 to T Increase to achieve more different frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ). Alternatively or in addition, the feedback signal S FBThe non-modem / transceiver application APP-N may be instructed to turn on the backlight of the display of the UE 700 or to perform repeated mathematical calculations to similarly increase the temperature of the resonator oscillator 235 to achieve more different frequency-temperature vectors (S F -S T ).

[0080] Then, according to method 730, resonator field calibrator 706 receives the frequency-temperature vector (S F -S T )(Block 755). The method 730 further includes the resonator field calibrator 706 determining the frequency-temperature vector (S F -S T ) updates the resonator frequency-temperature model (block 760). In addition, according to the method 730, the resonator field calibrator 704 determines whether the resonator frequency-temperature model has converged or whether a timeout (expiration of a defined time interval associated with updating the resonator frequency-temperature model according to block 760) has occurred based on a convergence criterion (block 765). For example, if the convergence criterion is related to a first coefficient c1 of the resonator frequency-temperature model (Equation 1), convergence may be achieved when a certain number of updates to the first coefficient c1 produce a change in the first coefficient c1 that is less than a threshold. As described above, in block 765, the resonator field calibrator 706 may also determine whether a timeout has occurred so that the higher second power operating mode of the application processor 702 is not extended for too long in order to save power if convergence has not been achieved.

[0081] If the resonator field calibrator 706 determines that the convergence criteria have not been met and that a timeout has not occurred, the method 730 includes repeating the operations specified in blocks 750, 755, 760, and 765. However, if in block 765 the resonator field calibrator 706 has determined that the convergence criteria have been met or that a timeout has occurred, the resonator field calibrator 706 returns the result of the feedback signal S to the receiver. FB The application processor 702 is released to cause one or more applications APP-1 to APP-N to operate in the boosted operating mode (block 770). As an example, the feedback signal may be asserted (e.g., a logic one (1)) when indicating that the application processor 702 is operating in the high-power operating mode, according to block 750, and the feedback signal may be de-asserted (e.g., a logic zero (0)) when releasing the application processor 702 from operating in the boosted power operating mode, according to block 770. Furthermore, the release may be implicit, such as when the feedback signal indicates that the application processor 702 is operating in the boosted power operating mode for a particular time interval and the application processor 702 ceases to operate in the boosted power operating mode upon expiration of the time interval.

[0082] Then, according to method 730, the application processor 710 runs one of the applications (e.g., APP-X, where X is one of 1-N) according to the normal power operation mode (block 775). As previously mentioned, the normal power operation mode is that the application APP-X wakes up to perform its required operation and then goes back to sleep after the required operation is completed in order to save power without being affected by the feedback signal S from the resonator field calibrator 706. FB or based on the feedback signal from the resonator field calibrator. The boost power operation mode may be defined as higher than the normal power operation mode because, for the same number of frequency-temperature vectors generated, the UE 110 consumes more power in the boost power operation mode than in the normal power operation mode.

[0083] The method 730 also includes the resonator field calibrator 706 receiving an additional frequency-temperature vector (S F -S T )(Block 780). Then, according to method 730, resonator field calibrator 706 performs the calibration based on the received frequency-temperature vector (S F -S T ) updates the frequency-temperature model (block 785). This is done to improve the frequency-temperature model to account for different temperatures and aging of the resonator oscillator 235. The method 730 may also include the resonator field calibrator 704 determining whether there has been a new cold restart of the UE 700 (block 790). If not, the operations of blocks 775, 780, and 785 are repeated until a new cold restart is detected in block 790. If a new cold restart is detected in block 790, the resonator field calibrator 706 may determine the frequency-temperature model based on the temperature signal S T The resonator signal S of the resonator oscillator 235 is adjusted based on the current temperature indicated and the current (latest) resonator frequency-temperature model. R The method 730 may then continue to repeat the operations of blocks 775, 780, 785, 790, and 795, if necessary.

[0084] Figure 8A block diagram of an example resonator field calibrator 800 according to another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated. The resonator field calibrator 800 can be an example more detailed implementation of the resonator field calibrator previously discussed. The resonator field calibrator 800 can be a processor-based component (e.g., a microprocessor, a microcontroller, etc.), a dedicated hardware component, or a combination of both. In addition, the resonator field calibrator 800 need not be implemented as a stand-alone processor, but can be integrated as part of a modem, a receiver, and / or a transceiver. It should also be understood that the processor in which the resonator field calibrator 800 can be implemented can perform other functions, such as as part of firmware for a controller for a modem, a receiver, and / or a transceiver.

[0085] The resonator field calibrator 800 includes a resonator oscillator frequency-temperature characteristic modeler 810 and a resonator oscillator frequency adjuster 820. Similarly, the frequency-temperature modeler 810 can be dedicated hardware, processor-based, or a combination of software / firmware driven processor and dedicated hardware. The frequency-temperature modeler 810 may include a processor for receiving a frequency measurement signal S from, for example, a rotator of the receiver baseband (BB) processor 240. F The frequency-temperature modeler 810 may include a module configured to receive a temperature signal S from a temperature sensor associated with the resonator oscillator 235. T In addition, the frequency-temperature modeler 810 may include a device configured to receive a start signal S from, for example, the application processor 702 or other components of the UE 700. 开始 The third input of the start signal S 开始 Indicates an initial (out-of-box) cold start or a subsequent cold restart of the UE 700.

[0086] The frequency-temperature modeler 810 may include a first output to provide a current (latest) frequency-temperature model S 模型 In addition, the frequency-temperature modeler 810 may include a module configured to provide a frequency adjustment enable signal S EN_FA In addition, the frequency-temperature modeler 810 may include a circuit configured to convert the power mode feedback signal S FB The third output is provided to the application processor 702, as previously discussed.

[0087] The frequency adjuster 820 may in turn include a module configured to receive the frequency-temperature model S from the frequency-temperature modeler 810. 模型 The frequency adjuster 820 may further include a module configured to receive a frequency adjustment enable signal S from the frequency-temperature modeler 810. EN_FA In addition, the frequency adjuster 820 may include a device configured to receive a temperature signal S from a temperature sensor associated with the resonator oscillator 235.T In addition, the frequency adjuster 820 may include a third input configured to adjust the frequency signal S FA The output of the resonator oscillator 235 is provided.

[0088] In operation, when the start signal S 开始 Indicating an initial (out-of-box) cold start, the resonator oscillator frequency-temperature modeler 810 provides a factory default resonator frequency-temperature model S to the frequency adjuster 820 模型 and frequency adjustment enable signal S EN_FA In response to receiving the factory default resonator frequency-temperature model S 模型 and frequency adjustment enable signal S EN_FA The frequency adjuster 820 receives the current temperature signal S from the temperature sensor of the resonator oscillator 235. T Then, the frequency adjuster 820 is based on the factory default resonator frequency-temperature model S 模型 and the current resonator temperature S T Generate frequency adjustment signal S FA , and provides it to the resonator oscillator 235, which adjusts the frequency based on the signal S FA Tuning resonator signal S R frequency.

[0089] In addition, in response to the start signal S 开始 Indicating an initial (out-of-box) cold start, the resonator oscillator frequency-temperature modeler 810 generates a power mode feedback signal S FB This enables the application processor 702 to operate one or more applications APP-1 to APP-N in a higher or boosted power operation mode. Also, this enables the transceiver 704 to generate more different frequency-temperature vectors (S T -S F ), based on these vectors, the frequency-temperature modeler 810 can update or converge the resonator frequency-temperature model in a more accelerated manner. The frequency-temperature modeler 810 then receives different frequency-temperature vectors (S) generated according to the higher or boosted power operating mode. T -S F ), and based on the received vector (S T -S F ) Update the resonator frequency-temperature model S 模型 .

[0090] The resonator oscillator frequency-temperature modeler 810 then determines whether the resonator frequency-temperature model has converged or whether a timeout has occurred. If the frequency-temperature modeler 810 determines that the resonator frequency-temperature model has neither converged nor timed out, the frequency-temperature modeler 810 maintains the power mode feedback signal S FB In order to receive the additional frequency-temperature vector (S F -S T ) while operating the application processor 702 in a higher or boosted power operating mode. If the resonator frequency-temperature modeler 810 determines that the resonator frequency-temperature model has converged or timed out, the frequency-temperature modeler 810 generates a power mode feedback signal S FB to release the application processor 702 from operating in the higher or boosted power operating mode (the application processor 702 responds to the feedback signal S by operating in the lower or normal power operating mode). FB ).

[0091] The resonator oscillator frequency-temperature modeler 810 continues to receive different frequency-temperature vectors (S ) generated according to the lower or normal power operating mode. T -S F ), and based on the received vector (S T -S F ) Update the resonator frequency-temperature model S 模型 If the start signal S 开始 If a cold restart is indicated, the resonator frequency-temperature modeler 810 provides the current (latest) resonator frequency-temperature model S to the frequency adjuster 820. 模型 and frequency adjustment enable signal S EN_FA In response to receiving the current (latest) resonator frequency-temperature model S 模型 and frequency adjustment enable signal S EN_FA The frequency adjuster 820 receives the current temperature signal S from the temperature sensor of the resonator oscillator 235. T The frequency adjuster 820 then adjusts the resonator frequency-temperature model S based on the current (latest) resonator frequency-temperature model S 模型 and the current resonator temperature S T Generate frequency adjustment signal S FA , and provides it to the resonator oscillator 235, which adjusts the frequency based on the signal S FA Tuning resonator signal S R frequency.

[0092] Fig. 9A flow chart illustrating an example method 900 of adjusting the frequency of a resonator signal generated by a resonator oscillator according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The method 900 includes instructing an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode (block 910). Examples of components for instructing the application processor to operate in the first power operating mode include the resonator field calibrator 706 and the resonator oscillator frequency-temperature modeler 810 of the resonator field calibrator 800.

[0093] The method 900 also includes receiving a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of the receiver when the application processor is operating in the first power operating mode (block 920). Examples of components for receiving the first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with the resonator oscillator of the receiver when the application processor is operating in the first power operating mode include the resonator field calibrator 706 and the resonator oscillator frequency-temperature modeler 810 of the resonator field calibrator 800.

[0094] Additionally, the method 900 includes updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors (block 930). Examples of components for updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors include the resonator field calibrator 706 and the resonator oscillator frequency-temperature modeler 810 of the resonator field calibrator 800.

[0095] In addition, the method 900 includes adjusting the frequency of the resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model (block 940). Examples of components for adjusting the frequency of the resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model include the resonator field calibrator 706 and the resonator oscillator frequency adjuster 820 of the resonator field calibrator 800.

[0096] According to method 900, instructing the application processor to operate in the first power operating mode may be in response to an initial startup of an associated user equipment (UE). Method 900 may also include releasing the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode in response to the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model satisfying a convergence criterion or the expiration of a defined time interval associated with updating the frequency-temperature characteristic model based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors. Examples of components for releasing the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode include the resonator field calibrator 706 and the resonator oscillator frequency-temperature modeler 810 of the resonator field calibrator 800.

[0097] In addition, the application processor may operate in the second power operating mode after releasing the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode. In this case, the method 900 may include: when the application processor operates in the second power operating mode, receiving a second set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with the resonator oscillator of the receiver; and updating the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the second set of frequency-temperature vectors. Examples of components for receiving the second set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with the resonator oscillator of the receiver when the application processor operates in the second power operating mode and components for updating the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the second set of frequency-temperature vectors include the resonator field calibrator 706 and the resonator oscillator frequency-temperature modeler 810 of the resonator field calibrator 800.

[0098] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0099] Aspect 1: A method for temperature compensation, comprising: instructing an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode; when the application processor operates in the first power operating mode, receiving a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of a transceiver; updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors; and adjusting the frequency of a resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model.

[0100] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein instructing the application processor to operate in the first power operating mode is in response to an initial startup of an associated user equipment (UE).

[0101] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 1 or 2 further comprises releasing the operation of the application processor in the first power operation mode.

[0102] Aspect 4: The method according to aspect 3, wherein releasing the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode is in response to the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model satisfying a convergence criterion.

[0103] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 3, wherein releasing the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode is in response to expiration of a defined time interval associated with updating the frequency-temperature characteristic model based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors.

[0104] Aspect 6: A method according to any one of Aspects 3 to 5, wherein after releasing the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode, the application processor operates in a second power operating mode, and the method further includes: when the application processor operates in the second power operating mode, receiving a second set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with the resonator oscillator of the transceiver; and updating the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the second set of frequency-temperature vectors.

[0105] Aspect 7: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein instructing the application processor to operate in the first power operating mode includes: instructing the application processor to operate in the first power operating mode to achieve a defined increase in the temperature of the resonator oscillator.

[0106] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the first power operating mode includes the application processor causing the transceiver to operate.

[0107] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the first power operating mode includes the application processor generating at least one non-transceiver operation.

[0108] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein the at least one non-transceiver operation comprises performing a mathematical operation or turning on a backlight of a display.

[0109] Aspect 11: A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: at least one antenna; a transceiver coupled to the at least one antenna, wherein the transceiver comprises: a resonator oscillator configured to generate a resonator signal; and a temperature sensor configured to generate a temperature signal related to the temperature of the resonator oscillator; an application processor coupled to the transceiver; and a resonator field calibrator coupled to the application processor and the transceiver.

[0110] Aspect 12: The UE according to aspect 11, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to send a feedback signal indicating that the application processor operates in the first operating mode.

[0111] Aspect 13: The UE according to Aspect 11 or 12, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to update the frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on a set of frequency-temperature vectors, wherein the set of frequency-temperature vectors is based on the frequency of the resonator signal and the temperature signal.

[0112] Aspect 14: The UE according to aspect 13, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to adjust the frequency of the resonator signal based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic pattern of the resonator oscillator and the current temperature indicated by the temperature signal.

[0113] Aspect 15: A UE according to Aspect 13 or 14, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to set the application processor to a first power operating mode, wherein the set of frequency-temperature vectors includes a first subset of frequency-temperature vectors generated when the application processor operates in the first power operating mode.

[0114] Aspect 16: The UE according to aspect 15, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to set the application processor to the first power operating mode in response to an initial startup of the UE.

[0115] Aspect 17: A UE according to Aspect 15 or 16, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to set the application processor to the first power operating mode so that the transceiver receives a radio frequency (RF) signal, and the frequency components of the first subset of the frequency-temperature vector are generated from the RF signal.

[0116] Aspect 18: A UE according to any one of Aspects 15 to 17, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to release the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode, and wherein the application processor is configured to operate in the second power operating mode in response to the release.

[0117] Aspect 19: The UE according to Aspect 18, wherein the first power operation mode is higher than the second power operation mode.

[0118] Aspect 20: The UE according to aspect 18 or 19, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to release the operation of the application processor in the first power operation mode in response to the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model satisfying a convergence criterion.

[0119] Aspect 21: A UE according to Aspect 18 or 19, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to release the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode in response to expiration of a defined time interval associated with updating the frequency-temperature characteristic model based on a first subset of the frequency-temperature vectors.

[0120] Aspect 22: A UE according to any one of aspects 18 to 21, wherein the frequency-temperature characteristic model is characterized by having at least a third-order polynomial as follows: f(t)=c3(t-t0) 3+c2(t-t0) 2 +c1(t-t0)+c0, where f(t) is the frequency of the resonator signal as a function of the temperature t of the resonator oscillator, t0 is the limiting temperature of the resonator oscillator, and c0, c1, c2 and c3 are the coefficients of the third-order polynomial.

[0121] Aspect 23: The UE according to Aspect 22, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to release the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode in response to the coefficient c1 satisfying a convergence criterion.

[0122] Aspect 24: The UE according to aspect 22 or 23, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to update at least one of the coefficients c0 or c1 based on a first subset of the frequency-temperature vectors while maintaining the coefficients c2 and c3 constant.

[0123] Aspect 25: The UE according to any one of aspects 18 to 24, wherein the set of frequency-temperature vectors includes a second subset of frequency-temperature vectors generated when the application processor operates in the second power operating mode.

[0124] Aspect 26: The UE according to Aspect 25, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to update at least one or more of the coefficients c0, c1, c2 and c3 based on a second subset of the frequency-temperature vectors.

[0125] Aspect 27: The UE according to Aspect 26, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to adjust the frequency of the resonator signal based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic pattern of the resonator oscillator and the current temperature indicated by the temperature signal in response to a restart of the UE.

[0126] Aspect 28: A device comprising: a component for instructing an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode; a component for receiving a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of a receiver when the application processor operates in the first power operating mode; a component for updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors; and a component for adjusting the frequency of a resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model.

[0127] Aspect 29: The apparatus of aspect 28, wherein the means for instructing the application processor to operate in the first power operating mode is responsive to an initial startup of an associated user equipment (UE).

[0128] Aspect 30: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising code for causing a processor in a user equipment to: instruct an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode; when the application processor operates in the first power operating mode, receive a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of a receiver; update a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors; and adjust the frequency of a resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model.

[0129] The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for temperature compensation, the method comprising: instructing an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode; receiving a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of a transceiver while the application processor is operating in the first power operating mode; updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors; as well as The frequency of a resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator is adjusted based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein instructing the application processor to operate in the first power operating mode is responsive to an initial startup of an associated user equipment (UE). 3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising releasing operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode. 4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein releasing the application processor from operating in the first power operating mode is responsive to the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model satisfying a convergence criterion. 5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein releasing operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode is responsive to expiration of a defined time interval associated with updating the frequency-temperature characteristic model based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein after releasing the operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode, the application processor operates in a second power operating mode, and the method further comprises: receiving a second set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with the resonator oscillator of the transceiver while the application processor is operating in the second power operating mode; as well as The updated frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator is updated based on the second set of frequency-temperature vectors.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein instructing the application processor to operate in the first power operating mode comprises: The application processor is instructed to operate in the first power operating mode to achieve a defined increase in temperature of the resonator oscillator.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first power operating mode comprises the application processor causing the transceiver to operate.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first power operating mode includes the application processor generating at least one non-transceiver operation.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one non-transceiver operation comprises performing a mathematical operation or turning on a backlight of a display.

11. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: at least one antenna; a transceiver coupled to the at least one antenna, wherein the transceiver comprises: a resonator oscillator configured to generate a resonator signal; and a temperature sensor configured to generate a temperature signal related to a temperature of the resonator oscillator; an application processor coupled to the transceiver; and A resonator field calibrator is coupled to the application processor and the transceiver.

12. The UE of claim 11, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to send a feedback signal instructing the application processor to operate in a first operating mode.

13. The UE of claim 11, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to update a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on a set of frequency-temperature vectors based on a frequency of the resonator signal and the temperature signal.

14. The UE of claim 13, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to adjust the frequency of the resonator signal based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic pattern of the resonator oscillator and a current temperature indicated by the temperature signal.

15. The UE of claim 13, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to set the application processor to a first power operating mode, wherein the set of frequency-temperature vectors includes a first subset of frequency-temperature vectors generated when the application processor operates in the first power operating mode.

16. The UE of claim 15, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to set the application processor to the first power operating mode in response to an initial startup of the UE.

17. The UE of claim 15, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to set the application processor in the first power operating mode so that the transceiver receives a radio frequency (RF) signal from which frequency components of the first subset of the frequency-temperature vector are generated.

18. The UE of claim 15, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to release operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode, and wherein the application processor is configured to operate in a second power operating mode in response to the release.

19. The UE of claim 18, wherein the first power operating mode is higher than the second power operating mode.

20. The UE of claim 18, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to release operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode in response to the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model satisfying a convergence criterion.

21. The UE of claim 18, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to release operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode in response to expiration of a defined time interval associated with updating the frequency-temperature characteristic model based on a first subset of the frequency-temperature vectors.

22. The UE according to claim 18, wherein the frequency-temperature characteristic model is characterized by having at least a third-order polynomial as follows: f(t)=c3(t-t0) 3 +c2(t-t0) 2 +c1(t-t0)+c0 wherein f(t) is the frequency of the resonator signal as a function of the temperature t of the resonator oscillator, t0 is the limiting temperature of the resonator oscillator, and c0, c1, c2 and c3 are the coefficients of the third-order polynomial.

23. The UE of claim 22, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to release operation of the application processor in the first power operating mode in response to the coefficient c1 satisfying a convergence criterion.

24. The UE of claim 22, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to update at least one of the coefficients c0 or c1 based on a first subset of the frequency-temperature vectors while maintaining the coefficients c2 and c3 constant.

25. The UE of claim 22, wherein the set of frequency-temperature vectors includes a second subset of frequency-temperature vectors generated when the application processor operates in the second power operating mode.

26. The UE of claim 25, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to update at least one or more of the coefficients c0, c1, c2, and c3 based on a second subset of the frequency-temperature vectors.

27. The UE of claim 26, wherein the resonator field calibrator is configured to adjust the frequency of the resonator signal based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic pattern of the resonator oscillator and the current temperature indicated by the temperature signal in response to a restart of the UE.

28. An apparatus, comprising: means for instructing an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode; means for receiving a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of a receiver when the application processor is operating in the first power operating mode; means for updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors; and Means for adjusting a frequency of a resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the means for instructing the application processor to operate in the first power operating mode is responsive to initial startup of an associated user equipment (UE).

30. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer executable code, the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code for causing a processor in a user equipment to: instructing an application processor to operate in a first power operating mode; receiving a first set of frequency-temperature vectors associated with a resonator oscillator of a receiver while the application processor is operating in the first power operating mode; updating a frequency-temperature characteristic model of the resonator oscillator based on the first set of frequency-temperature vectors; as well as The frequency of a resonator signal generated by the resonator oscillator is adjusted based on the updated frequency-temperature characteristic model.

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