A front-mounted Ophiopogon japonicus combine harvester

Abstract

This invention provides a front-mounted Ophiopogon japonicus combine harvester, specifically comprising: a depth limiting device, a digging device, a primary conveying and separating device, a secondary conveying and separating device, a collecting device, a walking device, and a cab. The digging device is located at the front of the machine, and its working width is greater than the outermost width of the tracks. During the Ophiopogon japonicus harvesting process, the walking device will not crush the stems and seedlings, avoiding mechanical damage and ensuring the quality of the seedlings as seedlings. This front-mounted harvester employs a vibratory drag-reducing digging method, a two-stage vibratory separating and conveying system, and a four-stage toothed roller and strip roller combination for soil crushing. This method can meet the requirements for efficient root-soil separation under cohesive soil conditions, satisfying the agronomic requirements of Ophiopogon japonicus. The front-mounted Ophiopogon japonicus combine harvester can complete digging, separating, conveying, collecting, and automatic unloading in one operation, reducing manual harvesting steps, greatly improving harvesting efficiency, and reducing labor costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery for harvesting Chinese medicinal herbs, specifically a front-mounted Ophiopogon japonicus combine harvester. Background Technology

[0002] Ophiopogon japonicus is a valuable rhizome-based traditional Chinese medicine, mainly distributed in Mianyang, Sichuan, and Cixi, Zhejiang. Ophiopogon japonicus consists of small, oval or spindle-shaped tubers that swell in the middle or near the end of the root. The two ends of each tuber are 10-15 mm long, and the middle is 5-10 mm in diameter, with a light brownish-yellow color. The underground roots of the Ophiopogon japonicus plant are slender, 1-2 mm in diameter; the stem is very short, forming clumps from the leaf base, resembling grass leaves, 100-400 mm long (a few are longer), 1.5-3.5 mm wide, with 3-7 veins and finely serrated edges.

[0003] When harvesting Ophiopogon japonicus, the entire plant is dug up from the soil. The small tuberous roots underground are the main medicinal part, while the above-ground clumps of stems and leaves are divided into 4-5 plants along the main vein and transplanted as seedlings for the following year. Commercially available harvesting machinery for rhizomes and other medicinal herbs is mainly suspended harvesters, which require tractors or other power implements. Because the power implement is located in front of the digging device, its tires or tracks can crush the stems and seedlings during operation, damaging the buds and rendering the damaged stems unsuitable for planting the following year. Furthermore, due to space constraints and structural limitations, the harvested Ophiopogon japonicus is laid directly on the ground, requiring manual secondary collection, resulting in low harvesting efficiency and high labor costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of power equipment crushing the stems and seedlings of Ophiopogon japonicus and the low efficiency of manual harvesting, this invention provides a technical solution for integrated harvesting of Ophiopogon japonicus by front-end excavation. The excavation shovel is placed in front of the power equipment, and the width of the excavation shovel covers the outer width of the tracks of the power equipment, ensuring that the power equipment will not crush the stems and seedlings of Ophiopogon japonicus.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: a front-mounted Ophiopogon japonicus combine harvester includes a depth limiting device, a digging device, a primary conveying and separating device, a secondary conveying and separating device, a collecting device, a walking device, and a cab. The depth limiting device is installed at the front of the machine, and the digging device is connected to the rear of the depth limiting device. The primary conveying and separating device is connected to the rear of the digging device, and the secondary conveying and separating device is connected to the rear of the primary conveying and separating device. The secondary conveying and separating device is connected to the collecting device. The walking device is located at the bottom of the machine and is connected to the primary conveying and separating device via a primary rotating support, to the secondary conveying and separating device via a secondary mounting base, to the collecting device via a tilting frame, and to the cab via bolts. It adopts a tracked chassis, the outermost width of which is no greater than the working width of the digging device. The engine is located at the rear, and the walking speed is adjusted by a continuously variable transmission.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0007] (1) The digging device is located in front of the whole machine and the working width of the digging device is greater than the outermost width of the track. During the harvesting of Ophiopogon japonicus, the walking device will not crush the stems and seedlings of Ophiopogon japonicus, thus avoiding mechanical damage to the stems and seedlings and ensuring the quality of the stems and seedlings of Ophiopogon japonicus as seedlings.

[0008] (2) This pre-loading system adopts a vibration-driven drag-reducing excavation, a two-stage vibration separation and conveying system, and a four-stage toothed roller and strip roller combination for soil crushing. This system can meet the requirements of efficient root-soil separation under cohesive soil conditions and satisfy the agronomic requirements of Ophiopogon japonicus. The pre-loading Ophiopogon japonicus combine harvester can complete the functions of excavation, separation, conveying, collection and automatic unloading in one go, reducing manual harvesting procedures, greatly improving harvesting efficiency and reducing labor costs. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a front-mounted Ophiopogon japonicus combine harvester according to the present invention;

[0010] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the depth limiting device of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation device of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the primary conveying and separating device of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two-stage conveying and separating device of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the collection device of the present invention;

[0015] In the diagram: 1-Depth limiting device, 2-Excavating device, 3-Primary conveying and separating device, 4-Cockpit, 5-Secondary conveying and separating device, 6-Collection device, 7-Traveling device, 8-Depth limiting rotating shaft, 9-Depth limiting roller, 10-Rotating arm, 11-Depth adjusting cylinder, 12-Depth limiting connecting frame, 13-Eccentric wheel, 14-Eccentric connecting rod, 15-Eccentric swing arm, 16-Excavating mounting plate, 17-Vibration shaft, 18-Side shovel, 19-Grid bar, 20-Shovel plate, 21-Primary rod chain, 22-Primary side plate, 2 3-First-stage soil-crushing toothed roller, 24-First-stage triangular vibrating block, 25-First-stage soil-crushing strip roller, 26-First-stage drive wheel, 27-First-stage rotating support, 28-First-stage separation transmission system, 29-First-stage hydraulic lifting support, 30-Second-stage rod chain, 31-Second-stage front soil-crushing strip roller, 32-Second-stage triangular vibrating block, 33-Second-stage side plate, 34-Second-stage rear soil-crushing strip roller, 35-Second-stage drive wheel, 36-Second-stage separation transmission system, 37-Second-stage mounting base, 38-Tilting cylinder, 39-Tilting frame, 40-Collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] like Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention shown is a front-mounted Ophiopogon japonicus combine harvester, which has the functions of vibration digging, low-loss separation, high-efficiency conveying, integrated collection and automatic unloading. It includes: a depth limiting device 1, a digging device 2, a primary conveying and separating device 3, a secondary conveying and separating device 5, a collection device 6, a walking device 7 and a driver's cab 4.

[0018] The depth limiting device 1 is installed at the front of the machine. The excavating device 2 is connected to the depth limiting device 1. The primary conveying and separating device 3 is connected to the excavating device 2. The secondary conveying and separating device 5 is connected to the primary conveying and separating device 3. The secondary conveying and separating device 5 is connected to the collecting device 6. The traveling device 7 is located at the bottom of the machine. It is connected to the primary conveying and separating device 3 through the primary rotating support 27, to the secondary conveying and separating device 5 through the secondary mounting base 37, to the collecting device 6 through the tilting frame 39, and to the cab 4 through bolts. It adopts a tracked chassis. The outermost width of the tracked chassis is not greater than the working width of the excavating device 2. The engine is located at the rear. The traveling speed is adjusted by continuously variable transmission.

[0019] like Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the depth limiting device 1 is installed at the front of the machine and consists of a depth limiting roller 9, a rotating arm 10, a depth limiting rotating shaft 8, a depth adjusting cylinder 11, and a depth limiting connecting frame 12. The depth limiting roller 9 is a smooth cylinder with a length of 1.3m and a diameter of 200mm. The cylinder is mounted on the rotating arm 10 through bearings at both ends, allowing it to rotate around the center line of the cylinder. The rotating arm 10 is welded to the depth limiting rotating shaft 8. The lower end of the rotating arm 10 is connected to the depth limiting roller 9, and the upper end is connected to the depth adjusting cylinder 11. The rotating arm 10 can rotate and adjust along with the depth limiting rotating shaft 8. The depth limiting rotating shaft 8 is mounted on the depth limiting connecting frame 12 through bearings, allowing it to rotate on its own. The depth adjusting cylinder 11 is a hydraulic cylinder. By extending and retracting the cylinder, it pushes the rotating arm 10 to rotate, thereby adjusting the height of the depth limiting roller 9 and thus adjusting the excavation depth limit.

[0020] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the excavating device 2 is located in front of the whole machine, specifically between the depth limiting device 1 and the primary conveying and separating device 3. It consists of a shovel plate 20, a side shovel 18, a grid bar 19, an excavating mounting plate 16, a vibrating shaft 17, an eccentric wheel 13, an eccentric connecting rod 14, and an eccentric swing rod 15. The shovel plate 20 is composed of two triangular shovels welded to a reinforcing base plate. The blade angle of the triangular shovel is 120°, and both ends of the triangular shovel are welded to the side shovel 18. The side shovel 18 is a rectangular plate with a single-sided blade. There are two side shovels. The lower end of the side shovel 18 is welded to the triangular shovel, and the upper end of the side shovel 18 has a hole, which is welded to the vibrating shaft (17) that passes through the hole. Both ends of the vibrating shaft (17) are mounted on the excavating mounting plate (16) through bearings, which can realize rotation around the axis. One end is connected to the eccentric swing rod (15) through a flange. The excavating mounting plate 16 is connected to the primary conveying and separating device 3 by bolt fixing. The eccentric swing arm 15 is connected to the eccentric connecting rod 14 through a joint bearing. The eccentric connecting rod 14 is connected to the eccentric wheel 13 through a joint bearing. The eccentric swing arm 15, the eccentric connecting rod 14, the eccentric wheel 13 and the vibration shaft 17 form the vibration mechanism of the excavating device 2. The rotating eccentric wheel 13 converts the rotational motion into the swing of the side shovel 18 and the shovel plate 20 through the eccentric connecting rod 14, the eccentric swing arm 15 and the vibration shaft 17, so as to realize the reciprocating vibration of the excavating shovel plate 20 and the side shovel 18.

[0021] like Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the primary conveying and separating device 3 is located at the rear of the excavating device 2, the front of the secondary conveying and separating device 5, and below the cab 4. It consists of a primary rod chain 21, a primary side plate 22, a primary soil-breaking toothed roller 23, a primary triangular vibrating block 24, a primary soil-breaking strip roller 25, a primary drive wheel 26, a primary rotating support 27, a primary hydraulic lifting support 29, and a primary separating transmission system 28. The primary bar chain 21 is a bar-type vibrating conveyor chain with a pitch of 50mm and a conveying inclination angle within 30°, enabling the separation and conveying of root-soil mixtures. Two primary side plates 22 are located on both sides of the primary conveying and separating device 3, serving as supporting and fixing parts for the main components of the device. The primary soil-crushing toothed roller 23 is connected to the primary side plate 22 via bearings and mainly consists of a central cylinder and soil-crushing teeth. The soil-crushing teeth are U-shaped, spaced 200mm apart longitudinally and 120° apart laterally around the cylinder, totaling six. Two primary triangular vibrating blocks 24 are located in the middle of the primary bar chain 21, vibrating the chain through their own rotation. Bearings are installed at the three corners of each triangular vibrating block 24, contacting the primary bar chain 21 to reduce the distance between them. Wear; the primary soil-crushing strip roller 25 is composed of a 20mm round tube and a middle cylinder, and is mounted on the primary side plate 22 via bearings. The primary soil-crushing strip roller 25 is located behind the primary soil-crushing toothed roller 23 and above the primary rod chain 21. The gap between the primary soil-crushing strip roller 25 and the primary rod chain 21 is smaller than the gap between the primary soil-crushing toothed roller 23 and the rod chain; the primary drive wheel 26 has a pitch of 50mm, and there are two of them. They are mounted on the primary side plate 22 via a shaft and are used to drive the primary rod chain 21 to rotate; the primary rotating support 27 adopts a combination of left and right double-layer plates for reinforcement and inner and outer double bearings, and is mounted on the walking device 7 to ensure the installation strength of the primary conveying and separating device 3, the external lifting and rotation, and the rotation of the internal drive wheel; the primary hydraulic lifting bracket 29 is located in the middle position of the lower part of the primary conveying and separating device 3 and is used to install the lifting hydraulic device; the primary separation transmission system 28 is a chain drive.

[0022] In this embodiment, the secondary conveying and separating device 5 is located at the rear of the excavating device 2, at the front of the device 5, and below the cab 4. It consists of a secondary bar chain 30, secondary side plates 33, secondary triangular vibrating blocks 32, a secondary front soil-crushing roller 31, a secondary rear soil-crushing roller 34, a secondary drive wheel 35, a secondary mounting base 37, and a secondary separation transmission system 36. The secondary bar chain 30 has a pitch of 50mm and a conveying inclination angle of 45°, further realizing the separation and conveying of the root soil mixture. Two secondary side plates 33 are located on both sides of the secondary conveying and separating device 5, serving as supporting and fixing parts for the main components. Two secondary triangular vibrating blocks 32 are located in the middle of the secondary bar chain 30, vibrating the chain through their own rotation. Bearings are installed at the three corners of each secondary triangular vibrating block 32, reducing friction between them. The secondary front soil-crushing roller 31 and the secondary rear... The soil-crushing strip roller 34 consists of a 20mm round tube and a central cylinder, and is mounted on the secondary side plate 33 via bearings, located above the secondary rod chain 30. The gap between the secondary rear soil-crushing strip roller 34 and the secondary rod chain 30 is 50mm smaller than the gap between the secondary front soil-crushing strip roller 31 and the secondary rod chain 30. The secondary drive wheels 35 have a pitch of 50mm, and there are two of them. They are mounted on the secondary side plate 33 via a shaft and are used to drive the secondary rod chain 30 to rotate. The secondary mounting bases 37 are located at the front and rear ends of the secondary conveying and separating device 5, with two at each end, and are connected to the traveling device 7 by bolts. The secondary separation transmission system 36 is a chain drive.

[0023] In this embodiment, the collecting device 6 is located at the rear end of the machine and collects the Liriope muscari plants after root-soil separation. It consists of a collecting box 40, a flipping frame 39, and a flipping cylinder 38. The collecting box 40 is a rectangular box with an open top, composed of thin plates and steel pipes, and is connected to the flipping frame 39 by a pin. One end of the flipping cylinder 38 is connected to the walking device 7, and the other end is connected to the collecting box 40. The flipping of the collecting box 40 is achieved by the extension and retraction of the cylinder. The flipping frame 39 is connected to the walking device 7 and fixes the entire collecting box 40.

[0024] In this embodiment, the walking device 7 is located at the bottom of the whole machine. It is connected to the first-level conveying and separating device 3 through the first-level rotating support 27, connected to the second-level conveying and separating device 5 through the second-level mounting base 37, connected to the collecting device 6 through the tilting frame 39, and connected to the cab 4 by bolts. It adopts a tracked chassis. The outermost width of the tracked chassis is not greater than the working width of the excavating device 2. The engine is located at the rear. The walking speed is adjusted by stepless speed change.

[0025] The working process of this invention is as follows:

[0026] When the front-mounted Ophiopogon japonicus combine harvester is working, as the machine moves forward, the shovel 20 in the digging device 2 begins to enter the soil. After the soil depth reaches the predetermined depth of the depth limiting device 1, the whole machine enters a stable digging operation. The mixture of Ophiopogon japonicus and soil moves upward along the shovel surface of the shovel 20 and enters the primary conveying and separating device 3. The primary rod chain 21 begins to contact the root and soil mixture. Driven by the rotation of the primary drive wheel 26 and the primary triangular vibrating block 24, the primary rod chain 21 begins to vibrate up and down and rotate. At the same time, the primary soil-crushing toothed roller 23 and the primary soil-crushing strip roller 25 begin to rotate to assist in soil crushing, realizing the initial separation and conveying of the root and soil complex. After initial separation by the primary conveying and separating device 3, the root-soil complex enters the secondary conveying and separating device 5. Driven by the rotation of the secondary drive wheel 35 and the secondary triangular vibrating block 32, the secondary bar chain 30 begins to vibrate and rotate up and down. At the same time, the secondary front soil crushing roller 31 and the secondary rear soil crushing roller 34 begin to rotate to assist in soil crushing, thereby achieving secondary separation and conveying of the root-soil complex. Finally, the separated Ophiopogon japonicus enters the collecting device 6 to complete the harvesting of Ophiopogon japonicus.

Claims

1. A front-mounted ophiopogon tuber combine harvester, characterized by, The utility model relates to a kind of excavator, including depth limiting device (1), excavating device (2), primary conveying separation device (3), secondary conveying separation device (5), collection device (6), traveling device (7) and cab (4), the depth limiting device (1) is installed at the most front of whole machine, depth limiting device (1) is connected excavating device (2) after, excavating device (2) is connected primary conveying separation device (3) after, primary conveying separation device (3) is connected secondary conveying separation device (5) after, secondary conveying separation device (5) is connected collection device (6), traveling device (7) is located at the bottom of whole machine, it is connected with primary conveying separation device (3) by primary rotating support (27), it is connected with secondary conveying separation device (5) by secondary mounting seat (37), it is connected with collection device (6) by turnover frame (39), it is connected with cab (4) by bolt connection, caterpillar chassis is used, the outermost width of caterpillar chassis is not greater than the working width of excavating device (2), the position of engine uses the form of rear, traveling speed uses stepless speed change mode to adjust; The excavating device (2) includes a shovel plate (20), a side shovel (18), a grid (19), an excavating mounting plate (16), a vibration shaft (17), an eccentric wheel (13), an eccentric connecting rod (14) and an eccentric swing rod (15), the shovel plate (20) is composed of two triangular shovels and a reinforced bottom plate, the two ends of the triangular shovel are welded together with the side shovel (18); the side shovel (18) is a long rectangular plate with a blade on one side, the lower end of the side shovel (18) is welded with the triangular shovel, the upper end of the side shovel (18) is holed, and the vibration shaft (17) passing through the hole is welded together, the two ends of the vibration shaft (17) are installed on the excavating mounting plate (16) through bearings, and one end is connected with the eccentric swing rod (15) through a flange plate; the excavating mounting plate (16) is connected with the primary conveying separation device (3) by bolt fixation, the eccentric swing rod (15) is connected with the eccentric connecting rod (14) through a joint bearing, the eccentric connecting rod (14) is connected with the eccentric wheel (13) through a joint bearing, the eccentric swing rod (15), the eccentric connecting rod (14), the eccentric wheel (13) and the vibration shaft (17) constitute the vibration mechanism of the excavating device (2), the rotating eccentric wheel (13) converts the rotary motion into the swing of the side shovel (18) and the shovel plate (20) through the eccentric connecting rod (14), the eccentric swing rod (15) and the vibration shaft (17), to realize the reciprocating vibration of the excavating shovel plate (20) and the side shovel (18). The primary conveying and separating device (3) comprises a primary rod chain (21), a primary side plate (22), a primary soil crushing tooth roller (23), a primary triangular vibration block (24), a primary soil crushing strip roller (23), a primary driving wheel (26), a primary rotating support (27), a primary hydraulic lifting support (29) and a primary separating transmission system (28). The primary rod chain (21) is a rod chain conveying vibration chain, and the conveying inclination angle is within 30°. The primary side plate (22) is located on both sides of the primary conveying and separating device (3). The primary soil crushing tooth roller (23) is connected with the primary side plate (22) through a bearing. The primary soil crushing tooth roller (23) comprises a cylinder and soil crushing teeth. The primary triangular vibration block (24) is located in the middle of the primary rod chain (21) and realizes the vibration of the primary rod chain (21) through its rotation. Three corners of the primary triangular vibration block (24) are provided with bearings and are in contact with the primary rod chain (21) through the bearings. The primary soil crushing strip roller (25) is installed on the primary side plate (22) through a bearing. The primary soil crushing strip roller (25) is located behind the primary soil crushing tooth roller (23) and above the primary rod chain (21). The gap between the primary soil crushing strip roller (25) and the primary rod chain (21) is smaller than the gap between the primary soil crushing tooth roller (23) and the primary rod chain (21). The primary driving wheel (26) is installed on the primary side plate (22) through a shaft and is used for driving the rotation of the primary rod chain (21). The primary rotating support (27) is installed on the traveling device (7) in a left-right double-layer plate reinforced and inner-outer double-bearing combined manner. The primary hydraulic lifting support (29) is located at the middle position of the lower part of the primary conveying and separating device (3) and is used for installing a lifting hydraulic device. The primary separating transmission system (28) is a chain transmission system. The shape of the soil crushing tooth is a U-shaped tooth, which is distributed at intervals of 200 mm in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder and is distributed around the cylinder at intervals of 120° in the transverse direction. The primary rod chain (21) is a rod chain conveying vibration chain with a pitch of 50 mm.

2. The front-mounted ophiopogon combined harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth limiting device comprises a depth limiting roller (9), a rotating arm (10), a depth limiting rotating shaft (8), a depth adjusting oil cylinder (11) and a depth limiting connecting frame (12). The depth limiting roller (9) is a cylinder, which is installed on the rotating arm (10) through bearings at both ends and can rotate around the center line of the cylinder. The rotating arm (10) is connected to the depth limiting rotating shaft (8). The rotating arm (10) at the lower end of the depth limiting rotating shaft (8) is connected to the depth limiting roller (9), and the rotating arm (10) at the upper end is connected to the depth adjusting oil cylinder (11). The depth limiting rotating shaft (8) is installed on the depth limiting connecting frame (12) through a bearing.

3. The front-mounted ophiopogon combined harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary conveying and separating device (5) comprises a secondary bar chain (30), a secondary side plate (33), a secondary triangular vibration block (32), a secondary front soil crushing strip roller (31), a secondary rear soil crushing strip roller (34), a secondary driving wheel (35), a secondary mounting seat (37) and a secondary separating transmission system (36). The secondary side plate (33) is located at two sides of the secondary conveying and separating device (5), the secondary triangular vibration block (32) is located in the middle of the secondary bar chain (30), three corners of the secondary triangular vibration block (32) are provided with bearings, the secondary bar chain (30) is contacted through the bearings, and the friction between the secondary triangular vibration block (32) and the secondary bar chain (30) is reduced; the secondary front soil crushing strip roller (31) and the secondary rear soil crushing strip roller (34) are composed of a circular tube and a middle cylinder, are installed on the secondary side plate (33) through bearings and are located above the secondary bar chain (30), the gap between the secondary rear soil crushing strip roller (34) and the secondary bar chain (30) is smaller than the gap between the secondary front soil crushing strip roller (31) and the secondary bar chain (30); the secondary driving wheel (35) is installed on the secondary side plate (33) through a shaft and is used for driving the secondary bar chain (30) to rotate; the secondary mounting seat (37) is connected with the walking device (7) in a bolt connection mode; and the secondary separating transmission system (36) is a chain transmission system.

4. The front-mounted ophiopogon combined harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collecting device (6) comprises a collecting box (40), a turnover frame (39) and a turnover oil cylinder (38). The collecting box (40) is an open-top cuboid box body composed of a thin plate and a steel pipe and is connected with the turnover frame (39) through a pin shaft; one end of the turnover oil cylinder (38) is connected with the walking device (7) and the other end is connected with the collecting box (40), the turnover of the collecting box (40) is realized through the extension and retraction of the oil cylinder, the turnover frame (39) is connected with the walking device (7) and fixes the whole collecting box (40).

5. The front-mounted ophiopogon combined harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shovel plate (20) is composed of two triangular shovels and a reinforcing bottom plate.

6. A front-mounted ophiopogon combined harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pitch of the secondary bar chain (30) is 50 mm, and the conveying inclination angle is 45°.

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