High-precision reciprocating single-shaft oscillation superfinishing machine with positioning assembly

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision reciprocating single-shaft oscillation superfinishing machine with a positioning assembly, a cross-shaped sliding table is mounted on the front half part of the upper end of a base, a single-shaft reciprocating oscillation structure is mounted on the cross-shaped sliding table, a spindle box is mounted on the rear side of the upper end of the base, an electromagnetic chuck is arranged on the front side of the spindle box, and the positioning assembly is mounted on the upper end of the base. A spindle of the spindle box is fixed to the electromagnetic chuck, a center positioning mechanism is installed on the front side of the spindle box through screws, three supporting structures used for workpiece positioning are movably installed on the center positioning mechanism, and a pressing mechanism used for pressing a workpiece is installed between the left supporting structure and the right supporting structure. According to the electromagnetic chuck, the two floating reset pieces and the lower supporting piece are arranged, the circular structure is formed among the two floating reset pieces and the lower supporting piece, the distance between the two reset pieces can be far away from each other, then the workpiece can be rapidly mounted and dismounted, it can be guaranteed that the workpiece is located in the center of the electromagnetic chuck after mounting, and convenience is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polishing machine tools, and in particular to a high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning component. Background Art

[0002] The inner ring of the bearing ring needs to be polished during production and processing, which is usually done with a superfinishing machine. When the existing superfinishing machine is working, the workpiece is generally adsorbed and fixed on the electromagnetic chuck of the spindle, and then the workpiece is driven to rotate by the spindle, and the oilstone is inserted into the inner wall of the bearing ring to polish and grind it.

[0003] In order to ensure that the oilstone can fully polish the inner wall of the bearing ring, it is necessary to ensure that the axis of the bearing ring is in line with the axis of the main shaft. In order to ensure the accuracy of the bearing ring when clamping, a ring with the same outer diameter as the bearing ring is usually set on the front side of the electromagnetic chuck. The bearing ring is inserted into the ring and supported by the support structure below. In order to ensure its radial limit, a roller is usually installed so that the roller contacts the surface of the workpiece to prevent its radial runout. When installing and disassembling the workpiece, it is necessary to frequently disassemble and assemble the support structure and the roller, which makes the operation more complicated. When fixing workpieces of different sizes, multiple rings of different sizes need to be replaced. When installing, it needs to be inserted from front to back so that the workpiece is inserted into the ring and the support structure. The entire device structure is relatively compact, and when the length of the workpiece is large, there may not be enough space for horizontal insertion and installation of the workpiece. To this end, we designed a high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillation super-finishing machine with a positioning component. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning component, which solves the above problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillation super-finishing machine with a positioning assembly comprises a base, a cross slide is installed on the front half of the upper end of the base, a single-axis reciprocating oscillation structure is installed on the cross slide, a mounting frame is installed on the end of the single-axis reciprocating oscillation structure, a clamping frame is installed on the mounting frame for forward and backward sliding, a pressurized compensation cylinder is installed on the mounting frame, a clamping head is installed on the push rod of the pressurized compensation cylinder, an oil stone is clamped between the clamping head and the clamping frame, and the right end of the oil stone passes through the clamping frame and is located at the right end thereof; A spindle box is installed on the rear side of the upper end of the base, an electromagnetic chuck is arranged on the front side of the spindle box, and the spindle of the spindle box is fixed to the electromagnetic chuck, a center positioning mechanism is installed on the front side of the spindle box by screws, the axis of the electromagnetic chuck is colinear with the axis of the spindle and the axis of the center positioning mechanism, three supporting structures for workpiece positioning are movably installed on the center positioning mechanism, and a clamping mechanism for clamping the workpiece is installed between the left and right supporting structures.

[0006] Preferably, the center positioning mechanism comprises a fixed chassis fixed to the front side of the spindle box, the fixed chassis is provided with an annular groove, the outer ring of the fixed chassis is provided with three straight line notches, one of which is located directly below the fixed chassis, and the other two straight line notches are located at the left and right ends of the fixed chassis, and the straight line notches on the two sides are symmetrically arranged with respect to the straight line notch at the bottom, and the intersection point of the center lines of the three straight line notches is located on the axis of the spindle; A fixed cover plate is installed on the front side of the fixed chassis, and three movable cover shells are arranged on the fixed cover plate. The three movable cover shells are respectively located in front of the three straight line gaps, and a mounting gap is opened on the fixed cover plate in front of the straight line gap. The straight line gap is connected with the interior of the movable cover shell through the mounting gap. A movable block is movably installed inside the movable cover shell, and the rear end of the movable block extends into the straight line gap. The three movable blocks have the same distance from the central axis of the rotating disk, and the width of the movable block is the same as the width of the mounting gap and the straight line gap. The movable block can move linearly in the mounting gap, the movable cover shell and the straight line gap.

[0007] Preferably, a rotating disk is rotatably installed in the annular groove, a spiral portion is provided on the front surface of the rotating disk, and a plurality of linearly distributed moving portions are provided on the rear surface of the moving block, and the moving portion is connected to the spiral portion. When the spiral portion rotates with the rotating disk, the spiral portion can enable the moving portion to drive the moving block away from the electromagnetic suction cup or close to the electromagnetic suction cup, and the three moving blocks can move synchronously, and the center of the circular structure formed by them is always colinear with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic suction cup.

[0008] Preferably, a meshing notch is formed at the cut-off portion of the top of the fixed chassis, a plurality of driving tooth grooves are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer ring surface of the rotating disk, a driving motor is installed at the upper end of the spindle box, a driving gear is installed on the output shaft of the driving motor, and the driving gear is meshed with the driving tooth groove through the meshing notch; The front surface of the fixed cover plate is behind the front surface of the electromagnetic chuck, and the fixed cover plate will not interfere with the front side of the electromagnetic chuck. When installing and disassembling the workpiece, the workpiece can move directly along the surface of the electromagnetic chuck from top to bottom or from bottom to top without contacting and colliding with the fixed cover plate.

[0009] Preferably, a guide cover is fixed on the front side of the moving block, and the supporting structure includes two reset members, which are respectively slidably installed in the two guide covers on the left and right sides, and a lower support member is fixed in the lowest guide cover, and support wheels are rotatably installed on the reset members and the lower support members through axle pins, and a circular structure is formed between the three support wheels, and the center of the circular structure is colinear with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic suction cup, and the left and right support wheels move in a straight line along the center line of the left and right straight notches, and the two support wheels are above the center axis of the workpiece.

[0010] Preferably, the reset member comprises a reset block slidably sleeved in the guide cover, a limit cover is fixed on the front side of the reset block, the support wheel is rotatably mounted on the reset block through an axle pin, a limit sliding hole is provided on the reset block, a limit block is slidably placed in the limit sliding hole, the limit block is fixed to the moving block, a reset spring is placed in the limit sliding hole, and two ends of the reset spring are respectively in contact with the limit block and one end of the limit sliding hole close to the support wheel; The structure of the lower support member is the same as that of the reset block. Relative to the reset block, the lower support member is directly fixed on the moving block and cannot slide accordingly. When the left and right reset blocks move inward to the maximum extent, the center of the circular structure formed by the two reset blocks and the three support wheels on the lower support member is collinear with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic suction cup.

[0011] Preferably, the front side surfaces on the left and right movable cover shells are lengthened, and the front side surface of the movable cover shells is provided with a movable sliding hole with a strip structure, and the front side surface of the guide cover is provided with a connecting port, which extends rearward and penetrates through the limit cover to form a limit hole, and the limit hole and the connecting port both coincide with the movable sliding hole, and when the reset member moves inward to reset, the tail end of the limit rod slides in contact with the surface of the reset member, and when the reset member moves to a certain position, the limit rod is inserted into the limit hole, and at this time the three support wheels form a complete circular structure.

[0012] Preferably, the clamping mechanism comprises two limit sleeves respectively fixed on the left and right guide covers, the two limit sleeves are placed outside the movable cover shell through the movable sliding hole, and the limit sleeve is slidably connected to the movable cover shell, the limit sleeve inner cavity is slidably sleeved with a limit pull rod, the rear end of the limit pull rod is inserted into the limit hole through the connecting port, a limit ring is arranged on the limit pull rod in the inner cavity of the limit sleeve, a fixing ring is fixed in the limit sleeve, the limit pull rod is slidably sleeved in the fixing ring, and a limit spring is sleeved on the limit pull rod, and the two ends of the limit spring are in contact with the limit ring and the fixing ring; The entire limit sleeve is fixed above the guide cover of the moving block, and can move with the moving block, thereby ensuring that the limit pull rod can always be inserted into the limit hole. When the limit pull rod is inserted into the limit hole, the reset member is fixed at this time, and the center of the circular structure formed by the three supporting wheels is colinear with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic chuck; The two limit pull rods are slidably sleeved with a fixing sleeve at one end away from the reset member, a pulling rod is welded on the fixing sleeve, an intermediate rod is slidably connected between the two pulling rods, a clamping roller is installed on the pulling rod through an axle pin, and the fixing sleeve can be slidably adjusted on the limit pull rod, so it is suitable for workpieces of various heights, and the fixing sleeve and the limit pull rod are fixed by screws.

[0013] Preferably, a circular groove is provided on the outer ring surface of the limit pull rod, and a limit column is slidably inserted in the circular groove. An ejection spring is abutted between the limit column and the inner end of the circular groove. An opening is provided on the outer ring of the limit sleeve, and the limit column passes through the opening and is placed outside the limit sleeve. The limit column is inserted into the opening to limit the limit pull rod, making it difficult to move, thereby improving safety. The limit pull rod can be pulled by pressing the limit column inward.

[0014] Preferably, the intermediate rod is provided with two groups of symmetrically distributed elongated grooves, a connecting pin is fixed on the side of the pulling rod close to the intermediate rod, the connecting pin is slidably placed in the elongated groove, the pulling rod and the intermediate rod can move relative to each other through the connecting pin, when the moving block moves outward or inward, the pulling rod can move relative to each other, and is suitable for workpieces of various sizes; The left and right ends of the two pulling rods and the middle rod respectively coincide with the center lines of the two right straight notches.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. A center positioning mechanism is installed on the front side of the spindle box, and a plurality of synchronously moving blocks are arranged on the center positioning mechanism. Each moving block is provided with a supporting wheel. The center of the circular structure formed by the three completely fixed supporting wheels is always in line with the axis of the spindle and the electromagnetic chuck, thereby ensuring that the workpiece is at the center of the electromagnetic chuck and the machining accuracy is guaranteed; 2. By setting two floating reset parts and a lower support part, a circular structure is formed between the three, and the distance between the two reset parts can be spread apart from each other, so that the workpiece can be directly clamped from top to bottom, which is convenient for the rapid installation and removal of the workpiece. After installation, the workpiece can also be ensured to be in the center of the electromagnetic chuck, which improves convenience; 3. By arranging a clamping mechanism on the two reset parts, the clamping mechanism can be opened and lengthened with the moving block, which is suitable for workpieces of various sizes. The clamping mechanism can limit the reset part to ensure that the workpiece is in the center of the electromagnetic chuck. Similarly, the clamping mechanism can limit the front end of the workpiece to make it fit on the surface of the electromagnetic chuck, which can also prevent the workpiece from flying out due to a failure of the electromagnetic chuck, thereby improving safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a front and cross-sectional view of a high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning assembly proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The left and right isometric drawings; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A front view of Figure 4 for Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the single-axis reciprocating oscillation structure; Figure 5 for Figure 1 Exploded diagram of the center positioning mechanism, support structure, and clamping mechanism; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of the middle support structure and the fixed cover plate; Figure 7 for Figure 6 The front and rear isometric drawings of the Figure 8 for Figure 6 Exploded view of the support structure; Fig. 9 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the center positioning mechanism, the supporting structure, and the clamping mechanism; Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A partial enlarged view of the middle clamping mechanism; Fig.11 It is the position distribution diagram of the center positioning mechanism, the supporting structure and the clamping mechanism.

[0017] Numbers in the figure: 1, base; 2, cross slide; 3, single-axis reciprocating oscillation structure; 31, mounting frame; 4, pressurized compensation cylinder; 41, oilstone; 42, clamping frame; 43, clamping head; 5, spindle box; 6, electromagnetic chuck; 7, center positioning mechanism; 71, fixed chassis; 711, straight line notch; 72, rotating disk; 721, spiral part; 722, driving tooth groove; 73, fixed cover plate; 74, moving cover shell; 741, moving slide hole; 75, moving block; 751, moving part; 752, guide cover; 753, connecting port; 7 6. Driving gear; 8. Support structure; 81. Reset member; 811. Reset block; 812. Limiting slide hole; 813. Reset spring; 814. Limiting block; 815. Limiting cover; 816. Limiting hole; 82. Support wheel; 83. Lower support member; 9. Clamping mechanism; 91. Pull rod; 911. Connecting pin; 912. Fixing sleeve; 92. Intermediate rod; 921. Elongated groove; 93. Clamping roller; 94. Limiting pull rod; 941. Limiting ring; 942. Fixing ring; 943. Limiting column; 95. Limiting sleeve; 96. Limiting spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0019] Reference Figure 1 - Fig.11 A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillation super-finishing machine with a positioning component comprises a base 1, a cross slide 2 is installed on the front half of the upper end of the base 1, a single-axis reciprocating oscillation structure 3 is installed on the cross slide 2, a mounting frame 31 is installed at the end of the single-axis reciprocating oscillation structure 3, a clamping frame 42 is installed on the mounting frame 31 for sliding back and forth, a pressurized compensation cylinder 4 is installed on the mounting frame 31, a clamping head 43 is installed on the push rod of the pressurized compensation cylinder 4, an oil stone 41 is clamped between the clamping head 43 and the clamping frame 42, and the right end of the oil stone 41 passes through the clamping frame 42 and is at its right end; A spindle box 5 is installed on the rear side of the upper end of the base 1, an electromagnetic suction cup 6 is arranged on the front side of the spindle box 5, and the spindle of the spindle box 5 is fixed to the electromagnetic suction cup 6, and a center positioning mechanism 7 is installed on the front side of the spindle box 5 by screws, the axis of the electromagnetic suction cup 6 is colinear with the axis of the spindle and the axis of the center positioning mechanism 7, and three support structures 8 for workpiece positioning are movably installed on the center positioning mechanism 7, and the three support structures 8 are distributed in a circular array on the center positioning mechanism 7, and a clamping mechanism 9 for clamping the workpiece is installed between the left and right support structures 8.

[0020] The center positioning mechanism 7 includes a fixed chassis 71 fixed to the front side of the spindle box 5, an annular groove is provided on the fixed chassis 71, and three straight notches 711 are evenly provided on the outer ring of the fixed chassis 71, one of the straight notches 711 is located directly below the fixed chassis 71, and the other two straight notches 711 are located at the left and right ends of the fixed chassis 71, and the straight notches 711 on the two sides are symmetrically arranged with respect to the straight notch 711 on the bottom, and the intersection point of the center lines of the three straight notches 711 is on the axis of the spindle, and the center lines of the support wheels 82 on the two upper sides are above the center line of the workpiece, which can press the workpiece downward to prevent it from being disconnected; A fixed cover plate 73 is installed on the front side of the fixed chassis 71, and three movable cover shells 74 are arranged on the fixed cover plate 73. The three movable cover shells 74 are respectively located in front of the three straight line gaps 711, and a mounting gap is opened on the fixed cover plate 73 in front of the straight line gap 711. The straight line gap 711 is connected with the interior of the movable cover shell 74 through the mounting gap. A movable block 75 is movably installed inside the movable cover shell 74, and the rear end of the movable block 75 extends into the straight line gap 711. The three movable blocks 75 are at the same distance from the central axis of the rotating disk 72. The width of the movable block 75 is the same as the width of the mounting gap and the straight line gap 711. The movable block 75 can move linearly in the mounting gap, the movable cover shell 74 and the straight line gap 711.

[0021] A rotating disk 72 is rotatably installed in the annular groove, and a spiral portion 721 is provided on the front surface of the rotating disk 72. A plurality of linearly distributed moving portions 751 are provided on the rear surface of the moving block 75. The moving portion 751 is connected to the spiral portion 721. The spiral line of the spiral portion 721 is an Archimedean spiral. When the spiral portion 721 rotates with the rotating disk 72, the spiral portion 721 can enable the moving portion 751 to drive the moving block 75 away from the electromagnetic suction cup 6 or close to the electromagnetic suction cup 6. The three moving blocks 75 can move equidistantly, and the center of the circular structure formed by them is always colinear with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic suction cup 6.

[0022] The top of the fixed chassis 71 is cut away to form an engagement notch, and the outer ring surface of the rotating disk 72 is provided with a plurality of driving tooth grooves 722 in a circumferential array. A driving motor is installed at the upper end of the spindle box 5, and a driving gear 76 is installed on the output shaft of the driving motor. The driving gear 76 meshes with the driving tooth groove 722 through the engagement notch. The driving motor can rotate the rotating disk 72 through the driving gear 76. When the rotating disk 72 rotates forward, the three moving blocks 75 can approach each other, and the size of the circular structure formed by them is reduced. When the rotating disk 72 rotates reversely, the three moving blocks 75 can move away from each other, and the size of the circular structure formed by them is increased, which is suitable for positioning a variety of sleeve workpieces with different sizes. The front surface of the fixed cover plate 73 is behind the front surface of the electromagnetic suction cup 6. The fixed cover plate 73 will not interfere with the front side of the electromagnetic suction cup 6. When installing and disassembling the workpiece, the workpiece can move directly along the surface of the electromagnetic suction cup 6 from top to bottom or from bottom to top without contacting and colliding with the fixed cover plate 73.

[0023] A guide cover 752 is fixed to the front side of the moving block 75, and the support structure 8 includes two reset members 81, which are slidably installed in the two guide covers 752 on the left and right sides respectively, and a lower support member 83 is fixed in the lowermost guide cover 752. Support wheels 82 are rotatably installed on the reset members 81 and the lower support members 83 through shaft pins, and a circular structure is formed between the three support wheels 82, and the center of the circular structure is collinear with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic chuck 6; The left and right support wheels 82 move linearly along the center lines of the left and right straight notches 711, and the two support wheels 82 are above the center axis of the workpiece. When all three support wheels 82 are fixed, the workpiece can be stably positioned so that it cannot shake.

[0024] The reset member 81 includes a reset block 811 slidably sleeved in the guide cover 752, a limit cover 815 is fixed to the front side of the reset block 811, the support wheel 82 is rotatably mounted on the reset block 811 through an axle pin, a limit sliding hole 812 is provided on the reset block 811, a limit block 814 is slidably placed in the limit sliding hole 812, the limit block 814 is fixed to the moving block 75, a reset spring 813 is placed in the limit sliding hole 812, and two ends of the reset spring 813 are respectively abutted against the limit block 814 and one end of the limit sliding hole 812 close to the support wheel 82; The structure of the lower support member 83 is the same as that of the reset block 811. Compared with the reset block 811, the lower support member 83 is directly fixed on the moving block 75 and cannot slide accordingly. When the left and right reset blocks 811 move inward to the maximum extent, the center of the circular structure formed by the two reset blocks 811 and the three support wheels 82 on the lower support member 83 is in line with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic chuck 6. The reset spring 813 exerts an extrusion force on the reset block 811, so that it always has a tendency to move along the center line of the straight notch 711, and the reset block 811 can also slide accordingly in the guide cover 752, thereby changing the distance between the left and right support wheels 82, so as to facilitate the workpiece to be directly clamped between the three support wheels 82 from top to bottom. When the workpiece is placed, the left and right support wheels 82 will move toward the axis of the electromagnetic suction cup 6 under the action of the reset spring 813, thereby pushing the workpiece so that the axis of the workpiece is colinear with the axis of the electromagnetic suction cup 6 and the main shaft.

[0025] The front surfaces of the left and right movable covers 74 are lengthened, and a movable sliding hole 741 of a strip structure is opened on the front surface of the movable cover 74. A connecting port 753 is opened on the front surface of the guide cover 752. The connecting port 753 extends backward and penetrates the limit cover 815 to form a limit hole 816. The limit hole 816 and the connecting port 753 both overlap with the movable sliding hole 741. When the reset member 81 moves inward to reset, the tail end of the limit rod 94 slides in contact with the surface of the reset member 81. When the reset member 81 moves to a certain position, the limit rod 94 is inserted into the limit hole 816. At this time, the three support wheels 82 form a complete circular structure.

[0026] The clamping mechanism 9 includes two limiting sleeves 95 respectively fixed on the left and right guide covers 752, the two limiting sleeves 95 pass through the movable sliding hole 741 and are placed outside the movable cover shell 74, and the limiting sleeves 95 are slidably connected with the movable cover shell 74, the limiting sleeve 95 inner cavity is slidably sleeved with the limiting pull rod 94, the rear end of the limiting pull rod 94 passes through the connecting port 753 and is inserted into the limiting hole 816, a limiting ring 941 is provided on the limiting pull rod 94 in the inner cavity of the limiting sleeve 95, a fixing ring 942 is fixed in the limiting sleeve 95, the limiting pull rod 94 is slidably inserted in the fixing ring 942, a limiting spring 96 is sleeved on the limiting pull rod 94, and the two ends of the limiting spring 96 are in contact with the limiting ring 941 and the fixing ring 942; The entire limiting sleeve 95 is fixed above the guide cover 752 of the moving block 75, and can move with the moving block 75, thereby ensuring that the limiting pull rod 94 can always be inserted into the limiting hole 816. When the limiting pull rod 94 is inserted into the limiting hole 816, the reset member 81 is fixed at this time, and the center of the circular structure formed by the three supporting wheels 82 is colinear with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic chuck 6; The two limit pull rods 94 are slidably sleeved with a fixed sleeve 912 at one end away from the reset member 81, a pulling rod 91 is welded on the fixed sleeve 912, an intermediate rod 92 is slidably connected between the two pulling rods 91, a clamping roller 93 is rotatably installed on the pulling rod 91 through an axle pin, and the fixed sleeve 912 can be slidably adjusted on the limit pull rod 94, so that it is suitable for workpieces of various heights, and the fixed sleeve 912 and the limit pull rod 94 are fixed by screws.

[0027] A circular groove is provided on the outer ring surface of the limit pull rod 94, and the circular groove is slidably inserted into the limit column 943, and an ejection spring is abutted between the limit column 943 and the inner end of the circular groove. An opening is provided on the outer ring of the limit sleeve 95, and the limit column 943 passes through the opening and is placed outside the limit sleeve 95. The limit column 943 is inserted into the opening to limit the limit pull rod 94, making it difficult to move, thereby improving safety. The limit pull rod 94 can be pulled by pressing the limit column 943 inward.

[0028] Two groups of symmetrically distributed elongated grooves 921 are provided on the middle rod 92. A connecting pin 911 is fixed to the side of the pull rod 91 close to the middle rod 92. The connecting pin 911 is slidably placed in the elongated groove 921. The pull rod 91 and the middle rod 92 can move relative to each other through the connecting pin 911. When the moving block 75 moves outward or inward, the pull rod 91 can move relative to each other, which is suitable for workpieces of various sizes. The left and right ends of the two pulling rods 91 and the middle rod 92 coincide with the center lines of the left and right linear notches 711 , respectively.

[0029] Working principle: In actual use, firstly, the positions between the three support wheels 82 are adjusted according to the actual size of the workpiece, so as to ensure that the support wheels 82 can clamp the workpiece and the axis of the workpiece is in line with the axis of the electromagnetic chuck 6; Specifically, the power of the driving motor is turned on, and the driving motor drives the rotating disk 72 to rotate in the opposite direction through the driving gear 76. When the rotating disk 72 rotates in the opposite direction, the three moving blocks 75 will move away from each other, and the size of the circular structure formed by them will increase, and the pulling rod 91 connected to the left and right moving blocks 75 will move outward accordingly; Then, the screws on the fixing sleeve 912 are loosened. At this time, the fixing sleeve 912 and the pulling rod 91 can move freely. The pulling rod 91 is moved forward away from the supporting wheel 82. Then, the workpiece can be clamped between the three supporting wheels 82 from top to bottom, and the driving motor is driven to make the rotating disk 72 rotate in the opposite direction. The three moving blocks 75 approach each other, and the supporting wheels 82 move synchronously to clamp the workpiece, thereby ensuring that the workpiece is at the center of the electromagnetic chuck 6; Thereafter, the limiting column 943 is pressed inward, and the pulling rod 91 is moved backward so that the clamping roller 93 fits against the front end of the workpiece. Then, the screws are tightened to fix the pulling rod 91 and the fixing sleeve 912 so that they cannot move. This completes the adjustment of the workpiece clamping fixture. The workpiece is pressed against the surface of the electromagnetic suction cup 6. By adjusting the spacing between the three support wheels 82 and the moving block 75, as well as adjusting the position of the pulling rod 91, workpieces of various sizes can be positioned and clamped.

[0030] Then, the power supply of the electromagnetic chuck 6 is turned on to fix the workpiece on the electromagnetic chuck 6. The ultra-precision working process is as follows: the spindle of the spindle box 5 starts and drives the workpiece to rotate through the electromagnetic chuck 6 → the cross slide 2 starts, and the oilstone 41 reaches the specified position according to the process parameters → the single-axis reciprocating oscillation structure 3 starts, and the oilstone 41 starts to oscillate → the pressurized compensating cylinder 4 pressurizes the oilstone 41 according to the process requirements → ultra-precision machining starts → after ultra-precision is completed, the pressurized compensating cylinder 4 is depressurized, the single-axis reciprocating oscillation structure 3 stops, the cross slide 2 is reset, the spindle stops, the electromagnetic chuck 6 is disconnected, and the workpiece is removed.

[0031] When the remaining number of workpieces of the same size are ultra-finished, the middle rod 92 and the pulling rod 91 are pulled forward, and the pulling rod 91 will drive the limiting rod 94 to move forward together, and the tail end of the limiting rod 94 will be separated from the limiting hole 816 on the reset member 81. At this time, the reset member 81 and the left and right supporting wheels 82 can slide and move, and the workpiece can be taken out directly from bottom to top; After that, a new workpiece can be replaced. Specifically, the pulling rod 91 is pulled outward to clamp the workpiece along the surface of the electromagnetic suction cup 6 from top to bottom. When the workpiece contacts the left and right support wheels 82, the support wheels 82 will slide and expand to both sides, so that the workpiece is between the three support wheels 82. Then, the pulling rod 91 is released, the limiting pull rod 94 will move backward, and the two reset members 81 will move toward the axis of the electromagnetic suction cup 6 under the action of the reset spring 813, thereby pushing the workpiece. When the limiting pull rod 94 is inserted into the limiting hole 816, the reset member 81 is fixed at this time, and the center of the circular structure formed by the three support wheels 82 is collinear with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic suction cup 6, so that the axis of the workpiece is collinear with the axis of the electromagnetic suction cup 6 and the main shaft, and the clamping roller 93 will also be pressed on the front end of the workpiece, so that the workpiece fits the surface of the electromagnetic suction cup 6, and then the super-precision operation can be performed again. Repeat the above operation to perform super-precision operation on multiple workpieces.

[0032] By installing a center positioning mechanism 7 on the front side of the spindle box 5, and a plurality of synchronously moving blocks 75 are arranged on the center positioning mechanism 7, each of which is provided with a supporting wheel 82, the center of the circular structure formed by the three completely fixed supporting wheels 82 is always in line with the axis of the spindle and the electromagnetic chuck 6, thereby ensuring that the workpiece is at the center of the electromagnetic chuck 6, thereby ensuring the processing accuracy; By providing two floating reset members 81 and a lower support member 83, a circular structure is formed between the three, and the distance between the two reset members 81 can be spread apart from each other, thereby facilitating the rapid installation and removal of the workpiece, and after installation, the workpiece can also be ensured to be at the center of the electromagnetic chuck 6, thereby improving convenience; By arranging a clamping mechanism 9 on the two reset members 81, the clamping mechanism 9 can be opened and lengthened along with the moving block 75, and is suitable for workpieces of various sizes. The clamping mechanism 9 can limit the reset member 81 to ensure that the workpiece is in the center of the electromagnetic suction cup 6. Similarly, the clamping mechanism 9 can limit the front end of the workpiece to make it fit on the surface of the electromagnetic suction cup 6, and can also prevent the workpiece from flying out due to a failure of the electromagnetic suction cup 6, thereby improving safety.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0034] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning assembly, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (1), wherein a cross slide (2) is installed on the front half of the upper end of the base (1), a single-axis reciprocating oscillating structure (3) is installed on the cross slide (2), a mounting frame (31) is installed on the end of the single-axis reciprocating oscillating structure (3), a clamping frame (42) is installed on the mounting frame (31) for forward and backward sliding, a pressurized compensating cylinder (4) is installed on the mounting frame (31), a clamping head (43) is installed on the push rod of the pressurized compensating cylinder (4), an oil stone (41) is clamped between the clamping head (43) and the clamping frame (42), and the right end of the oil stone (41) passes through the clamping frame (42) and is located at the right end thereof; A spindle box (5) is installed on the rear side of the upper end of the base (1), an electromagnetic suction cup (6) is arranged on the front side of the spindle box (5), and the spindle of the spindle box (5) is fixed to the electromagnetic suction cup (6), a center positioning mechanism (7) is installed on the front side of the spindle box (5) by screws, three support structures (8) for positioning the workpiece are movably installed on the center positioning mechanism (7), and a clamping mechanism (9) for clamping the workpiece is installed between the left and right support structures (8).

2. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center positioning mechanism (7) comprises a fixed chassis (71) fixed to the front side of the spindle box (5), the fixed chassis (71) is provided with an annular groove, and the outer ring of the fixed chassis (71) is provided with three straight line notches (711), one of the straight line notches (711) is located directly below the fixed chassis (71), and the other two straight line notches (711) are located at the left and right ends of the fixed chassis (71), and the two side straight line notches (711) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the bottom straight line notch (711); A fixed cover plate (73) is installed on the front side of the fixed chassis (71), and three movable cover shells (74) are arranged on the fixed cover plate (73). The three movable cover shells (74) are respectively located in front of the three straight line notches (711), and a mounting notch is opened in the fixed cover plate (73) at the front side of the straight line notch (711). The straight line notch (711) is connected to the inside of the movable cover shell (74) through the mounting notch. A movable block (75) is movably installed inside the movable cover shell (74). The three movable blocks (75) are at the same distance from the central axis of the rotating disk (72), and the rear end of the movable block (75) extends into the straight line notch (711).

3. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning component according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rotating disk (72) is rotatably mounted in the annular groove, a spiral portion (721) is provided on the front surface of the rotating disk (72), and a plurality of linearly distributed moving portions (751) are provided on the rear surface of the moving block (75), wherein the moving portions (751) are connected to the spiral portion (721).

4. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning component according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the fixed chassis (71) is cut away to form an engagement notch, the outer ring surface of the rotating disk (72) is provided with a plurality of drive tooth grooves (722) in a circumferential array, a drive motor is mounted on the upper end of the spindle box (5), a drive gear (76) is mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor, and the drive gear (76) is engaged with the drive tooth groove (722) via the engagement notch; The front surface of the fixed cover plate (73) is located behind the front surface of the electromagnetic suction cup (6).

5. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning component according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide cover (752) is fixed to the front side of the moving block (75), and the support structure (8) includes two reset members (81), which are respectively slidably mounted in the two guide covers (752) on the left and right sides, and a lower support member (83) is fixed in the lowermost guide cover (752). Support wheels (82) are rotatably mounted on the reset member (81) and the lower support member (83) via axle pins, and a circular structure is formed between the three support wheels (82), and the center of the circular structure is colinear with the axis of the main shaft and the electromagnetic suction cup (6).

6. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reset member (81) comprises a reset block (811) slidably sleeved in the guide cover (752); a limit cover (815) is fixed to the front side of the reset block (811); the support wheel (82) is rotatably mounted on the reset block (811) via an axle pin; a limit sliding hole (812) is provided on the reset block (811); a limit block (814) is slidably placed in the limit sliding hole (812); the limit block (814) is fixed to the moving block (75); a reset spring (813) is placed in the limit sliding hole (812); two ends of the reset spring (813) are respectively in contact with the limit block (814) and one end of the limit sliding hole (812) close to the support wheel (82).

7. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper front surfaces of the left and right movable covers (74) are lengthened, and a movable sliding hole (741) with a strip-shaped structure is provided on the front surface of the movable cover (74). A connecting port (753) is provided on the front surface of the guide cover (752). The connecting port (753) extends rearward and penetrates the limiting cover (815) to form a limiting hole (816). The limiting hole (816) and the connecting port (753) both overlap with the movable sliding hole (741).

8. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (9) comprises two limiting sleeves (95) respectively fixed on the left and right guide covers (752), the two limiting sleeves (95) are placed outside the movable cover shell (74) through the movable sliding hole (741), and the limiting sleeves (95) are slidably connected to the movable cover shell (74), the inner cavity of the limiting sleeve (95) is slidably sleeved with a limiting pull rod (94) in the front and rear directions, the rear end of the limiting pull rod (94) is inserted into the limiting hole (816) through the connecting port (753), a limiting ring (941) is arranged on the limiting pull rod (94) in the inner cavity of the limiting sleeve (95), a fixing ring (942) is fixed in the limiting sleeve (95), the limiting pull rod (94) is slidably sleeved in the fixing ring (942), and a limiting spring (96) is sleeved on the limiting pull rod (94), and the two ends of the limiting spring (96) are in contact with the limiting ring (941) and the fixing ring (942); The two limit rods (94) are slidably sleeved with a fixing sleeve (912) at one end away from the reset member (81), a pulling rod (91) is welded on the fixing sleeve (912), an intermediate rod (92) is slidably connected between the two pulling rods (91), and a clamping roller (93) is installed on the pulling rod (91) through an axle pin. The fixing sleeve 912 can be slidably adjusted on the limit rod 94, so as to be suitable for workpieces of different heights, and the fixing sleeve 912 and the limit rod 94 are fixed by screws.

9. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer ring surface of the limiting pull rod (94) is provided with a circular groove, the limiting column (943) is slidably inserted into the circular groove, an ejection spring is abutted between the limiting column (943) and the inner end of the circular groove, and the outer ring of the limiting sleeve (95) is provided with an opening, and the limiting column (943) passes through the opening and is placed outside the limiting sleeve (95).

10. A high-precision reciprocating single-axis oscillating superfinishing machine with a positioning assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that: The intermediate rod (92) is provided with two groups of symmetrically distributed elongated grooves (921); a connecting pin (911) is fixed to a side of the pulling rod (91) close to the intermediate rod (92); the connecting pin (911) is slidably placed in the elongated groove (921); The left and right ends of the two pulling rods (91) and the middle rod (92) respectively coincide with the center lines of the left and right linear notches (711).

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