Liquid fertilizer for improving tomato fruit saccharic acid quality and application

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid fertilizer for improving tomato fruit saccharic acid quality and application, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The liquid fertilizer for improving the tomato fruit saccharic acid quality provided by the invention is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 42 to 47 percent of organic nutrient solution, 10 to 15 percent of water-soluble macroelement compound, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of natural organic acid, 3.5 to 4.5 percent of plant source amino acid compound, 3 to 5 percent of compound biostimulant, 0.02 to 0.07 percent of polyglutamic acid and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of sugar alcohol medium trace element compound liquid, and 28-33% of sterile water. Through optimized formula design, the organic liquid fertilizer is rich in plant nutrition and bioactive substances, can effectively improve the healthy growth state of tomatoes, and meanwhile, remarkably improves the fruit quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a liquid fertilizer for improving the sugar and acid quality of tomato fruits and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In facility agriculture, tomatoes are an important economic crop, and improving the quality of their fruits is of great significance to enhancing market competitiveness. However, traditional fertilization methods often make it difficult to accurately control the amount of water and fertilizer applied, resulting in low fertilizer utilization, serious waste of resources, and limited effect on improving the sugar-acid ratio of fruits.

[0003] With the continuous development of precision agriculture technology, intelligent drip irrigation systems combined with sensor technology provide new solutions for facility cultivation. Real-time monitoring of soil moisture and crop growth status to achieve precise management of water and fertilizer has become the key to improving crop quality and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. Studies have shown that the rational application of macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can promote crop growth, but excessive application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, often leads to a decline in fruit quality. In contrast, organic fertilizers, with their rich organic matter and natural nutrients, can improve soil structure, enhance crop resistance, and improve crop quality. Organic fertilizers, combined with new ingredients such as biostimulants and plant-derived amino acids, show certain potential in improving the sugar-acid ratio of tomato fruits. However, the application effects of existing research results often vary greatly due to the large differences in fertilizer formulations and fertilization methods, and a unified and effective solution has not yet been formed.

[0004] At the same time, the development of precision agriculture technology has provided new breakthroughs for facility cultivation. The intelligent drip irrigation system combined with sensor technology can monitor soil moisture and crop growth status in real time, and achieve precise management of water and fertilizer. This type of technology can effectively meet the nutritional needs of tomatoes at different growth stages by accurately controlling irrigation frequency and fertilizer concentration, improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and significantly improve the sugar-acid ratio of fruits.

[0005] Despite this, there is still a lack of a special liquid fertilizer product specifically for improving the sugar and acid quality of greenhouse-cultivated tomatoes on the market, and the optimization solution combined with intelligent drip irrigation technology also needs to be further improved. Therefore, at this stage, an innovative special liquid fertilizer and precision drip irrigation fertilization method are urgently needed to meet the high-quality production needs of greenhouse-cultivated tomatoes. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid fertilizer for improving the sugar-acid quality of tomato fruit, and to combine it with a precision drip irrigation and fertilization method to achieve a significant increase in the sugar-acid ratio of tomato fruit in facility cultivation and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources. It can significantly improve the sugar-acid ratio of the fruit, improve its flavor and quality, and achieve synchronous precision irrigation and fertilization control.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The invention provides a liquid fertilizer for improving the sugar and acid quality of tomato fruit. The liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in weight percentage: 42-47% of organic nutrient solution, 10-15% of water-soluble macroelement compound, 1.5-2.5% of natural organic acid, 3.5-4.5% of plant-derived amino acid complex, 3-5% of composite biostimulant, 0.02-0.07% of polyglutamic acid, 0.2-0.4% of complex liquid of trace elements in sugar alcohol, and 28-33% of sterile water.

[0009] Preferably, the organic nutrient solution is obtained by fermenting astragalus, and the preparation steps include: crushing fresh astragalus plants, adding 3-5% molasses and 0.1-0.2% Bacillus subtilis by weight, and the concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 1.8-2.2×10 10 CFU / g, and anaerobically fermented at 20-30°C for 4-6 weeks. After the fermentation is completed, it is naturally precipitated for 2-3 days, and the supernatant is the organic nutrient solution.

[0010] Preferably, the water-soluble macro-element compounding agent is 5-7% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-15% potassium sulfate and 8-12% potassium nitrate.

[0011] Preferably, the natural organic acid is one or both of citric acid and acetic acid.

[0012] Preferably, the plant-derived amino acids are one or more of lysine, phenylalanine and valine.

[0013] Preferably, the composite biostimulant is one or more of humic acid, seaweed extract, and chitosan.

[0014] Preferably, the trace element complex liquid in the sugar alcohol is one or more of sugar alcohol boron, sugar alcohol calcium, and sugar alcohol zinc.

[0015] The present invention also provides an application of the liquid fertilizer in improving the sugar and acid quality of tomato fruits grown in a facility.

[0016] Preferably, the liquid fertilizer is applied in the tomato cultivation process by precision drip irrigation. The liquid fertilizer is drip-irrigated after the tomatoes are transplanted and the seedlings have grown. The liquid fertilizer is drip-irrigated once a day, and the amount of each drip irrigation is 100-150 ml / plant. The liquid fertilizer is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:400-600 during drip irrigation. Clean water is drip-irrigated 9-10 hours after the liquid fertilizer is drip-irrigated. The amount of clean water for drip irrigation is 45%-50% of the evaporation amount of the tomatoes the day before.

[0017] The liquid fertilizer product for improving the sugar-acid ratio of tomato fruit provided by the present invention is rich in multiple key ingredients such as plant-derived amino acids, natural organic acids, biostimulants, etc., which can effectively improve the sugar-acid ratio of tomato fruit and significantly improve the flavor of the fruit. Combined with the precision drip irrigation fertilization method, it can not only effectively reduce fertilizer waste, but also greatly improve fertilization efficiency, ensuring that the flavor and nutritional quality of tomatoes reach the best state. The method is environmentally friendly, easy to operate, suitable for large-scale facility agricultural production, and has the following significant advantages:

[0018] Improve fruit flavor: The special liquid fertilizer of the present invention is rich in a variety of plant nutrients and bioactive substances, which can effectively promote the synthesis of sugar and organic acids in tomato fruits, significantly improve the sugar-acid ratio of the fruit, thereby improving the flavor and taste of tomatoes and making them more attractive.

[0019] Improve fertilizer utilization: Through precise drip irrigation and fertigation technology, the amount of fertilizer applied can be accurately controlled to avoid waste and environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization. At the same time, the utilization efficiency of fertilizer can be improved to ensure that nutrients are fully absorbed by crops.

[0020] Enhance market competitiveness: This special liquid fertilizer product and drip irrigation fertilization method are suitable for a variety of facility-cultivated tomato varieties, especially small and medium-sized tomato varieties. After adjustment according to the fertilizer requirements of different tomato varieties, it can significantly improve the fruit quality of tomatoes, enhance the quality of commercial fruits, and make them more competitive in the market.

[0021] Promoting sustainable agricultural development: The special liquid fertilizer used in the present invention is derived from natural materials, which can effectively improve the facility cultivation environment, reduce the dependence of crops on chemical fertilizers, avoid pollution problems caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and meet the requirements of sustainable agricultural development.

[0022] The precision drip irrigation and fertilization method of the present invention combines an intelligent drip irrigation system and sensor technology, monitors soil moisture and nutrient conditions in real time according to the growth requirements and environmental conditions of facility-cultivated tomatoes, and dynamically adjusts the drip irrigation frequency and liquid fertilizer concentration. By accurately controlling the supply and ratio of water and fertilizer, the healthy growth of tomato plants and the significant improvement of the sugar-acid ratio of the fruit are achieved. This method not only simplifies the irrigation and fertilization operation, but also improves the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources, providing strong support for the high-quality production of facility-cultivated tomatoes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A special liquid fertilizer product for improving the sugar and acid quality of tomato fruits cultivated in facilities, according to weight, quantitatively weigh 22.10kg of organic nutrient solution, 6.30kg of water-soluble macroelement compound (containing 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15% potassium sulfate and 10% potassium nitrate), 1.05kg of citric acid, 1.79kg of lysine and phenylalanine complex (lysine and phenylalanine weight ratio is 1:1), 2.10kg of humic acid, 0.02kg of polyglutamic acid, 0.14kg of sugar alcohol boron, and 16.50kg of sterile water. After weighing according to the above proportions, add them into a mixer, and stir them thoroughly to obtain the special liquid fertilizer for improving the sugar and acid quality of tomato fruits cultivated in facilities in this embodiment.

[0026] Among them, the organic nutrient solution is prepared after fermentation of astragalus. The specific preparation process is: collect fresh astragalus plants, cut and crush them before flowering, and then add 4% molasses and 0.1% Bacillus subtilis by weight for biological anaerobic fermentation. This process needs to maintain the temperature in the range of 20-30°C for 5 weeks, during which it is necessary to stir and discharge the gas regularly. After the fermentation is completed, let the fermentation liquid settle naturally for 3 days, then filter to remove the residue, and the resulting supernatant is the required organic nutrient solution.

[0027] The experiment was conducted in a facility horticulture farm in Minhang District, Shanghai. The tomato variety used was Longzhu (early-maturing, unlimited-growth cherry tomato), and the cultivation method was substrate sand culture. The greenhouse area was 1000m 2 Tomato seedlings were raised on August 28, 2023, and transplanted on September 19, 2023. A patch drip irrigation belt was laid in the greenhouse cultivation trough, with a dripper spacing of 0.3m and a flow rate of 2L·h -1 , working pressure: 0.5-1.5bar. One drip irrigation belt is laid in each cultivation trough, with the dripper facing upward. Each cultivation trough is equipped with 4 moisture sensors to monitor the moisture content of the substrate in real time. Every day, the water balance method is used to simply calculate the evapotranspiration of tomatoes in the greenhouse: evapotranspiration ET = irrigation volume Ir - the absolute value of the change in the substrate water storage volume ΔS. Among them, the irrigation volume Ir is calculated by the irrigation time of the fertilizer machine × the drip irrigation flow rate, and the absolute value of the change in the substrate water storage volume ΔS is calculated by the substrate water content before irrigation every morning - the substrate water content before irrigation the next morning.

[0028] The experiment set up 1 experimental group and 2 control groups, the experimental group (T1) was the special liquid fertilizer group of the present invention, and the control group 1 (T CK1 ) is a commercially available balanced water-soluble fertilizer (15-15-15+TE), and the control group 2 (T CK2) is a commercially available high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (15-6-35+TE). A total of 20 cultivation troughs were set up in the greenhouse, each of which was 43m long and 1.5m apart. 180 plants were planted in each cultivation trough, and a total of 3,600 tomato plants were cultivated. Three cultivation troughs were randomly selected as the experimental group, and another 6 cultivation troughs were randomly selected for the control group test. Both the experimental group and the control group were set up for 3 repetitions. The experimental group added the prepared special liquid fertilizer to the fertilizer tank of the intelligent fertilizer applicator. After the tomato seedlings were transplanted and slowed down, they were diluted at 1:500 and drip-irrigated. The daily amount of fertilizer dilution for each cultivation trough was 20L. Drip irrigation of fertilizer dilution was performed once at 7-8 am every day, and drip irrigation of clean water was performed once at 4-5 pm. The irrigation quota of the fertilizer applicator was set to 1 / 2 of the evaporation ET of the previous day. Drip irrigation was performed every day during the entire growth period after transplanting and slowing down the seedlings. The test results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

[0029] Table 1 Effects of different fertilization treatments on tomato growth

[0030] deal with Plant height / cm Stem diameter / mm Number of internodes T1 120.27±2.19a 11.30±0.25b 24.00±1.15a <![CDATA[T CK1 ]]> 116.80±1.20a 12.50±0.20a 22.70±0.90a <![CDATA[T CK2 ]]> 110.40±2.20b 10.30±0.20b 21.30±0.90a

[0031] Table 2 Effects of different fertilization treatments on tomato yield

[0032]

[0033] Table 3 Effects of different fertilization treatments on tomato fruit quality

[0034]

[0035] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the application of special liquid fertilizer (T1) increased the plant height, number of internodes and total number of fruits of tomatoes compared with the control balanced water-soluble fertilizer and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and the theoretical total yield of tomatoes increased by 41.14% and 5.07% respectively.

[0036] The fruits of the experimental group and the control group were tested at the tomato maturity stage, and the test items included total sugar, total acid, sugar-acid ratio, amino acid and Vc content. The experimental results showed that after applying the special liquid fertilizer of the present invention, the total sugar content, sugar-acid ratio and amino acid content of tomato fruits were higher than those of the two control water-soluble fertilizers, and the sugar-acid ratio increased by 17.34% and 13.77% respectively compared with the control balanced water-soluble fertilizer and the control high potassium water-soluble fertilizer.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A special liquid fertilizer product for improving the sugar and acid quality of greenhouse tomato fruits

[0039] According to weight, 21.00 kg of organic nutrient solution, 7.20 kg of water-soluble macronutrient compound (containing 7% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10% potassium sulfate and 8% potassium nitrate), 0.75 kg of acetic acid, 1.75 kg of valine complex, 1.50 kg of chitosan, 0.01 kg of polyglutamic acid, 0.10 kg of calcium sugar alcohol, and 17.69 kg of sterile water are quantitatively weighed. After weighing according to the above proportions, add them into a mixer and stir them thoroughly to obtain the special liquid fertilizer used in this embodiment to improve the sugar and acid quality of facility tomato fruits.

[0040] Among them, the organic nutrient solution is prepared after fermentation of astragalus. The specific preparation process includes: collecting fresh astragalus plants, cutting and crushing them before flowering, and then adding 5% molasses and 0.2% Bacillus subtilis for biological anaerobic fermentation. This process needs to maintain the temperature within 30°C for 6 weeks, during which time it needs to be stirred regularly and the gas discharged. After the fermentation is completed, let the fermentation liquid settle naturally for 2 days, then filter to remove the residue, and the resulting supernatant is the required organic nutrient solution.

[0041] The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in an agricultural park in Fengxian District, Shanghai. The tomato variety used was "Qingxia 66" (early-maturing, unlimited-growth cherry tomato), which was cultivated in a substrate sand culture method. The greenhouse area was 320m 2 The tomato seedlings were raised on August 20, 2023, and transplanted on September 7, 2023. There are 12 cultivation troughs in the greenhouse, each 35 meters long. The cultivation troughs are laid with patch-type drip irrigation tapes, with a dripper spacing of 0.3 meters and a flow rate of 2L·h -1 , the working pressure is maintained at 0.5-1.5bar. A drip irrigation belt is laid in each cultivation trough, and the dripper is facing upward to ensure that water drips evenly. Each cultivation trough is equipped with 3 moisture sensors to monitor the moisture content of the substrate in real time. The water balance method is used to simply calculate the evapotranspiration (ET) of tomatoes in the greenhouse: evapotranspiration ET = irrigation volume Ir-absolute value of change in substrate water storage ΔS. Among them, the irrigation volume Ir is calculated based on the irrigation time of the fertilizer applicator and the drip irrigation flow rate, and the absolute value of the change in substrate water storage ΔS is calculated by comparing the substrate moisture content before irrigation in the morning of each day and before irrigation in the morning of the next day.

[0042] The experimental design includes two experimental groups and two control groups. Experimental group 1 (T1): the special liquid fertilizer of the present invention is applied, and the irrigation amount is determined according to the calculated Ir; Experimental group 2 (T2): the special liquid fertilizer of the present invention is also applied, but the irrigation amount is reduced by 10% each time compared with T1; Control group 1 (T CK1 ): A certain brand of balanced water-soluble fertilizer (15-15-15+TE) was applied, and the irrigation amount was the same as T1; control group 2 (T CK2): Apply a certain brand of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (15-6-35+TE), and the irrigation amount is the same as T1. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a total of 12 cultivation troughs, each 35m long and 1m between troughs. 150 tomatoes were planted in each cultivation trough, totaling 1,350. To ensure the reliability of the data, 3 repetitions were set for both the experimental and control groups. The experimental group added the prepared special liquid fertilizer to the fertilizer tank of the intelligent fertilizer applicator. After the tomato seedlings were transplanted and slowed down, it was diluted at 1:500 for drip irrigation, 120ml of fertilizer dilution per plant, and 25L of fertilizer dilution per cultivation trough per day. Drip irrigation of fertilizer dilution was carried out from 7 to 8 am every day, and drip irrigation of clean water was carried out from 4 to 5 pm. Regarding the amount of irrigation, the amount of each irrigation of T1, TCK1 and TCK2 was set to 1 / 2 of the evapotranspiration ET of the previous day, while the irrigation amount of T2 was 90% of T1. Drip irrigation was carried out every day after the seedlings were transplanted and grown. The test results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[0043] Table 4 Growth and yield of tomatoes under different fertilization treatments

[0044]

[0045] As can be seen from Table 4, when special liquid fertilizer was applied under the same irrigation quota (T1), the plant height, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of tomatoes were lower than those of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the control group, but compared with the first two controls, the tomato yield increased by 12.97% and 2.75% respectively; when the special liquid fertilizer was applied to reduce the irrigation quota by 10% (T2), the tomato yield decreased by 3.23% compared with the T1 group.

[0046] Table 5 Effects of different fertilization treatments on tomato fruit quality

[0047]

[0048] The fruits of the experimental group and the control group were tested during the tomato ripening period, and the test items included nitrate content, Vc content, total sugar, total acid and sugar-acid ratio. The experimental results showed that after applying the above-mentioned special liquid fertilizer of the present invention under different irrigation quotas, the nitrate content and Vc content of tomato fruits were lower than those of the control balanced water-soluble fertilizer, but higher than those of the control high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the sugar-acid ratio was higher than those of the two control water-soluble fertilizers. When the special liquid fertilizer was applied and the irrigation quota was reduced by 10%, the Vc content and sugar-acid ratio of tomato fruits increased by 6.60% and 3.78% respectively.

[0049] It can be seen that the use of the special liquid fertilizer and the drip irrigation method of the present invention significantly improves the sugar-acid ratio of greenhouse tomatoes. The tomato fruit flavor of the experimental group is sweeter and has a better taste than that of the control group, which is suitable for market promotion.

[0050] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid fertilizer for improving the sugar and acid quality of tomato fruit, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in weight percentage: 42-47% organic nutrient solution, 10-15% water-soluble macro-element compound, 1.5-2.5% natural organic acid, 3.5-4.5% plant-derived amino acid complex, 3-5% compound biostimulant, 0.02-0.07% polyglutamic acid, 0.2-0.4% complex solution of trace elements in sugar alcohol, and 28-33% sterile water.

2. Liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic nutrient solution is obtained by fermenting astragalus, and the preparation steps include: crushing fresh astragalus plants, adding 3-5% molasses and 0.1-0.2% Bacillus subtilis by weight, wherein the concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 1.8-2.2×10 10 CFU / g, and anaerobically fermented at 20-30°C for 4-6 weeks. After the fermentation is completed, it is naturally precipitated for 2-3 days, and the supernatant is the organic nutrient solution.

3. Liquid fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water-soluble macro-element compounding agent is 5-7% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-15% of potassium sulfate and 8-12% of potassium nitrate.

4. Liquid fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The natural organic acid is one or both of citric acid and acetic acid.

5. Liquid fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plant-derived amino acids are one or more of lysine, phenylalanine and valine.

6. Liquid fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The composite biostimulant is one or more of humic acid, seaweed extract and chitosan.

7. The liquid fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that The trace element complex liquid in the sugar alcohol is one or more of sugar alcohol boron, sugar alcohol calcium and sugar alcohol zinc.

8. Use of the liquid fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in improving the sugar and acid quality of tomato fruits grown in facilities.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid fertilizer is applied in the tomato cultivation process by a precision drip irrigation method. The liquid fertilizer is drip-irrigated after the tomatoes are transplanted and the seedlings have grown. The liquid fertilizer is drip-irrigated once a day, and the amount of each drip irrigation is 100-150 ml / plant. The liquid fertilizer is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:400-600 during drip irrigation. Clean water is drip-irrigated 9-10 hours after the liquid fertilizer is drip-irrigated. The amount of the clean water for drip irrigation is 45%-50% of the evaporation amount of the tomatoes the previous day.

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