A mechanized preparation method for mining and crushing low-grade thin ore bodies

Abstract

This invention provides a mechanized mining preparation method for low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies. The stope structure is simple to arrange, easy to implement, requires minimal cutting work, and utilizes fully mechanized equipment. The mining method is safe, economical, and advanced. By arranging cutting work at the ore-rock interface and using mechanized equipment, cutting costs are significantly reduced. This method achieves the mining of low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies while ensuring safety, mechanized mining, and mine profitability, thus avoiding the waste of low-grade ore resources. This invention provides a mechanized mining preparation method for low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies, utilizing in-vein cutting work without employing external vein-to-vein cross-cutting or external segmented haulage roadways, achieving safe, economical, and mechanized mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a mechanized method for preparing for mining and crushing low-grade thin ore bodies. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the mining of fractured, low-grade, thin ore bodies in both metallic and non-metallic mines, these ore bodies are considered difficult to mine. Due to technological limitations and mining costs, most mines choose not to mine them or use stratified caving methods to extract only a small portion of the ore, resulting in the discarding of most of the low-grade ore and a significant waste of mineral resources. How to achieve safe, economical, and efficient mining of fractured, low-grade, thin ore bodies while ensuring profitability is a challenge facing mines both domestically and internationally. The fracturing, low-grade, and thin nature of these ore bodies makes mechanized mining even more difficult.

[0003] In conclusion, existing mining techniques cannot achieve the mining of low-grade, broken, thin ore bodies while ensuring safety, mechanized mining, and mine profitability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem to be solved by this invention is to find a low-cost and mechanized mining preparation method that can be used to mine low-grade broken thin ore bodies by means of in-vein mining and cutting engineering without using external vein transfer and external segmented transport roadways, so as to achieve safe, economical and mechanized mining.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a mechanized preparation method for mining low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Construct a cross-vein transport roadway from the lower plate to expose the upper and lower plates of the ore body. Then, construct an advanced ventilation and filling shaft near the ore-rock interface in the upper plate. This advanced ventilation and filling shaft connects the cross-vein transport roadways of the upper and lower plates.

[0007] Step 2: Construct a tunneling trolley transfer chamber and a loader transfer chamber respectively at the hanging wall of the ore body;

[0008] Step 3: The ore body in the mining areas on both sides of the cross-vein transport roadway is mined by roadway excavation. When mining the first layer, the mining area on the left side of the cross-vein transport roadway is mined ahead of the mining area on the right side. After the mining area on the left side is mined, a backfilling retaining wall is constructed, and then the goaf is cemented and backfilled.

[0009] Step 4: After the mining on the right side is completed, a pedestrian shaft and a ore release shaft are constructed outside the footwall of the ore body. The excavated waste rock is transported by a loader to the junction of the left and right mining areas to construct a waste rock cushion slope.

[0010] Step 5: Construct upward shallow holes at the tunneling trolley transfer chamber and loader transfer chamber of this layer. The waste rock that collapses after the explosive blasting is used to fill the space of the tunneling trolley transfer chamber and loader transfer chamber of this layer, and at the same time, the tunneling trolley transfer chamber and loader transfer chamber of the next layer are naturally formed.

[0011] Step 6: The loader transfers the ore to the loader transfer chamber of the next layer via the waste rock cushion slope. The drilling rig reaches the left stop via the waste rock cushion slope and drills horizontal blast holes in the left stop. The ore that collapses after blasting is transported to the ore release shaft in the lower footing.

[0012] Step 7: After the left stope has been mined back to the length of one rock drilling rig, the right stope will begin to be filled with backfill material;

[0013] Step 8: Repeat the above steps in the left and right mining areas until both mining areas in the middle section are completed.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment: the preparation works are arranged within the vein or at the ore-rock interface.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment: the mining equipment used in the preparation method includes a rock drilling rig and a loader.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment: the rock drilling rig and the loader only serve two adjacent mining areas, and after the ore bodies in both mining areas are completely mined, they leave through the cross-vein transport roadway in the upper and middle sections.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment: during blasting, the drilling rig and the loader are placed in the tunneling rig transfer chamber and the loader transfer chamber, respectively.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] This invention provides a mechanized mining preparation method for low-grade fractured thin ore bodies. The stope structure is simple to arrange, easy to implement, and requires less mining and cutting work. All mining is carried out using mechanized equipment, making the mining method safe, economical, and advanced. By arranging mining and cutting work at the ore-rock interface and using mechanized equipment, mining and cutting costs are significantly reduced. This method enables the mining of low-grade fractured thin ore bodies while ensuring safe, mechanized mining and mine profitability, thus avoiding the waste of low-grade ore resources. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a front view of the mining site of the present invention (II).

[0021] Figure 2 This is a side view of the mining area of ​​the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3This is a side view of the mining area of ​​the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the layered mining of the mining area in this invention, shown in Figure IV-IV.

[0024] Figure 5 VV is the bottom structure of the mining area in this invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1-Stage transport roadway; 2-Through-vein transport roadway; 3-Advanced ventilation and filling shaft; 4-Pedestrian support shaft along the route; 5-Mineral discharge shaft along the route; 6-Transfer chamber for tunneling trolley; 7-Transfer chamber for loader; 8-Filling retaining wall; 9-Waste rock cushion slope; 10-Ore body; 11-Filling body; 12-Horizontal blast hole; 13-Collapsed ore. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top / bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "equipped", "sleeved / connected", "connected", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a wall-mounted connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] This implementation example is a gold mine in Shanxi Province, where gold is the main product. The ore body is located at a depth of 500m to 1000m, with a strike length of 200m to 300m, an average thickness of 1.0m to 1.5m, a dip angle of 70° to 90°, and a gold grade of 1.2 to 1.8g / t. It is a low-grade, steeply dipping, fractured, and thin ore body. Early mining employed the layered caving method, but later, due to high loss rates, high safety risks, and high mining costs, the company suffered continuous losses and has now ceased production. This invention seeks an economical and efficient preparation system and mining method that, without using external vein-to-vein cross-cutting or external segmented haulage roadways, utilizes in-vein mining and cutting engineering for mechanized mining of such low-grade, fractured, steeply dipping, thin ore bodies, achieving safe, economical, and advanced mining.

[0030] The mining layout of this invention is simple and easy to implement, with fewer mining and cutting operations. All mining is carried out using mechanized equipment, making the mining method safe, economical, and advanced. By arranging mining and cutting operations at the ore-rock interface and using mechanized equipment, mining and cutting costs are significantly reduced. Low-grade, broken, and thin ore bodies can be mined while ensuring safe, mechanized mining and mine profitability, thus avoiding the waste of low-grade ore resources.

[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 A mechanized mining preparation system for low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies includes: a stage haulage roadway 1, a cross-vein haulage roadway 2, an advanced ventilation and backfilling riser 3, a walkway shaft 4, a ore chutes 5, a trolley transfer chamber 6, a loader transfer chamber 7, a backfilling retaining wall 8, a waste rock cushion slope 9, the ore body 10, the backfill body 11, horizontal blast holes 12, and caving ore 13. Its features are:

[0032] Step 1: Construct the cross-vein transport roadway 2 from the lower plate external stage transport roadway 1 to expose the upper and lower plates of the ore body. Then, construct an advanced ventilation and filling well 3 near the ore-rock interface in the upper plate. This advanced ventilation and filling well 3 connects the cross-vein transport roadway 2 of the upper and lower stages.

[0033] Step 2: Construct a tunneling trolley transfer chamber 6 and a loader transfer chamber 7 respectively at the hanging wall of the ore body;

[0034] Step 3: Mining the ore body 10 in the two mining areas on both sides of the cross-vein transport roadway 2 by roadway excavation. When mining the first layer, the mining area on the left side of the cross-vein transport roadway 2 is mined ahead of the mining area on the right side. After the mining area on the left side is mined, a filling retaining wall 8 is constructed, and then the goaf is cemented and filled.

[0035] Step 4: After the mining on the right side is completed, a pedestrian shaft 4 and a ore release shaft 5 are constructed outside the footwall of the ore body. The excavated waste rock is transported by a loader to the junction of the left and right mining areas to construct the waste rock cushion slope 9.

[0036] Step 5: Construct shallow upward holes at the tunneling trolley transfer chamber 6 and the loader transfer chamber 7 in this layer. The debris that collapses after the explosive blasting can fill the space of the tunneling trolley transfer chamber 6 and the loader transfer chamber 7 in this layer, and at the same time naturally form the tunneling trolley transfer chamber 6 and the loader transfer chamber 7 in the next layer.

[0037] Step 6: The loader transfers the ore through the waste rock cushion slope 9 to the loader transfer chamber 7 of the next layer. The drilling rig reaches the left mining area through the waste rock cushion slope 9 and drills horizontal blast holes 12 in the left mining area. The ore 13 that collapses after blasting is transported to the ore release shaft 5 of the lower footing.

[0038] Step 7: After the left stope has been mined back to the length of one rock drilling rig, the right stope will begin to be filled with filling material 11;

[0039] Step 8: Repeat the above steps in the left and right mining areas until both mining areas in the middle section are completed.

[0040] The aforementioned mechanized mining preparation system and method for crushing low-grade thin ore bodies is characterized in that: all preparation works are arranged within the vein or at the ore-rock interface, and no external segmented transport roadway or layered cross-vein transport roadway is required during the mining of layered ore bodies;

[0041] The aforementioned mechanized mining preparation system and method for crushing low-grade thin ore bodies is characterized in that: all major mining equipment is small-scale mechanized equipment, including rock drilling rigs and loaders.

[0042] The aforementioned mechanized mining preparation system and method for crushing low-grade thin ore bodies is characterized in that: the rock drilling rig and the loader only serve two adjacent mining areas, and can only leave through the cross-vein transport roadway in the upper and middle sections after all the ore bodies in the two mining areas have been mined.

[0043] The aforementioned mechanized mining preparation system and method for crushing low-grade thin ore bodies is characterized in that: during blasting, the drilling rig and the loader must be parked separately in the tunneling rig transfer chamber and the loader transfer chamber, respectively.

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any technically equivalent modifications made based on the content of this specification shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing for the mechanized mining of low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct a cross-vein transport roadway from the lower plate to expose the upper and lower plates of the ore body. Then, construct an advanced ventilation and filling shaft near the ore-rock interface in the upper plate. This advanced ventilation and filling shaft connects the cross-vein transport roadways of the upper and lower plates. Step 2: Construct a tunneling trolley transfer chamber and a loader transfer chamber respectively at the hanging wall of the ore body; Step 3: The ore body in the mining areas on both sides of the cross-vein transport roadway is mined by roadway excavation. When mining the first layer, the mining area on the left side of the cross-vein transport roadway is mined ahead of the mining area on the right side. After the mining area on the left side is mined, a backfilling retaining wall is constructed, and then the goaf is cemented and backfilled. Step 4: After the mining on the right side is completed, a pedestrian shaft and a ore release shaft are constructed outside the footwall of the ore body. The excavated waste rock is transported by a loader to the junction of the left and right mining areas to construct a waste rock cushion slope. Step 5: Construct upward shallow holes at the tunneling trolley transfer chamber and loader transfer chamber of this layer. The waste rock that collapses after the explosive blasting is used to fill the space of the tunneling trolley transfer chamber and loader transfer chamber of this layer, and at the same time, the tunneling trolley transfer chamber and loader transfer chamber of the next layer are naturally formed. Step 6: The loader transfers the ore to the loader transfer chamber of the next layer via the waste rock cushion slope. The drilling rig reaches the left stop via the waste rock cushion slope and drills horizontal blast holes in the left stop. The ore that collapses after blasting is transported to the ore release shaft in the lower footing. Step 7: After the left stope has been mined back to the length of one rock drilling rig, the right stope will begin to be filled with backfill material; Step 8: Repeat the above steps in the left and right mining areas until both mining areas in the middle section are completed.

2. The method for preparing for mechanized mining of low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation works are located within the vein or at the junction of ore and rock.

3. The method for preparing for mechanized mining of low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mining equipment used in the aforementioned preparation method includes rock drilling rigs and loader.

4. The method for preparing for mechanized mining of low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drilling rig and loader only serve the two adjacent mining areas. After the ore bodies in both mining areas are completely mined, they leave through the cross-vein transport roadway in the upper and middle sections.

5. The method for preparing for mechanized mining of low-grade, fractured, thin ore bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that: During blasting, the drilling rig and the loader are placed in the tunneling rig transfer chamber and the loader transfer chamber, respectively.

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