Mining method
By dividing coal rock into a backhoe layer and a hook layer, and using the backhoe and hook operation method, the problems of low mining efficiency and inability to recover triangular coal in the existing technology are solved, and efficient mining and effective utilization of resources are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411744424.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, when the coal rocks in open-pit coal mines are separated, the hydraulic backhoe will rewind the goods many times and work repeatedly, the mining work efficiency is low, and the triangular coal cannot be recycled, resulting in waste of resources.
By dividing the coal rock to be excavated into multiple excavation layers and dividing each excavation layer into a backhoe layer and a hook layer, first perform backhoe operation, then perform hook operation, and finally perform coal excavation to avoid repeated rework and secondary reflow.
It effectively avoids repeated rework of excavation, no secondary reflow is required, reduces mining costs, saves working time, improves mining efficiency, and facilitates mining of triangular coal, avoids waste of resources.
Smart Images
Figure CN119531879A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of triangular coal mining, and in particular to a mining method. Background Art
[0002] At present, backhoe excavators are widely used earthmoving excavators. Backhoe excavators mainly refer to excavators that move the bucket and dipper arm to the rear and lower part of the machine for excavation. In the specific working process, the backhoe excavator moves backwards, and the bucket is forced to cut the soil from top to bottom. The operation is flexible and the rotation speed is fast. The cutting force of the backhoe excavator is strong and it is used in a variety of working conditions.
[0003] However, in the existing open-pit coal mines, when separating coal from rock, hydraulic backhoes are often used for multiple dumping, which results in repeated work and low mining efficiency. Moreover, triangular coal cannot be recycled, and coal resources are wasted every time the bridge is dismantled. Summary of the invention
[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a mining method to solve the technical problem of low mining efficiency of the mining method in the prior art.
[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mining method, comprising:
[0006] Dividing the coal rock to be excavated along the height direction to divide the coal rock to be excavated into multiple excavation layers;
[0007] Dividing each of the multiple excavation layers into a backhoe layer and a hook layer along a height direction, wherein the backhoe layer is located above the hook layer;
[0008] First, the backhoe operation is performed on the backhoe layer in each excavation layer, and then the hook operation is performed on the hook layer in each excavation layer, and finally coal excavation is performed on each excavation layer.
[0009] Further, firstly, a backhoe operation is performed on the backhoe layer in each excavation layer, then a hook operation is performed on the hook layer in each excavation layer, and finally, coal excavation is performed on each excavation layer, including:
[0010] In the backhoe layer, a backhoe operation is performed on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer according to a predetermined direction, and after the backhoe of the backhoe layer is completed, a hook operation is performed on the interface between the rock and the coal in the hook layer to form a hook area;
[0011] After completing the hooking operation at the interface between the rock and the coal in the hooking layer, the remaining coal in the excavation layer is mined in the distribution direction from the coal to the rock.
[0012] Further, when the backhoe layer performs a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, the mining method further comprises:
[0013] A backhoe excavator is used to perform backhoe operations on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction. The preset backhoe area of the backhoe operation on the coal area of the backhoe layer is larger than the occupied area of the backhoe excavator, so that the backhoe excavator can perform a hook operation in the preset backhoe area.
[0014] Further, when the backhoe layer performs a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, the mining method further comprises:
[0015] Allow a preset safe distance between the operating edge of the backhoe and the boundary of the rocky area of the backhoe layer.
[0016] Furthermore, the mining method also includes:
[0017] The preset safety distance in the lower excavation layer of two adjacent excavation layers is greater than the preset safety distance in the upper excavation layer of two adjacent excavation layers.
[0018] Further, when the backhoe layer performs a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, the mining method further comprises:
[0019] Backhoe at maximum digging depth with some rock and some coal in the backhoe layer.
[0020] Further, the multiple excavation layers include a first excavation layer, and the first excavation layer is located at the top of the coal rock to be excavated; and a backhoe operation is performed on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction at the backhoe layer, including:
[0021] The backhoe operation is performed along the rock distribution direction from the coal to be excavated to the coal rock to be excavated.
[0022] Further, the plurality of excavation layers include a second excavation layer, the second excavation layer being located below the top of the coal rock to be excavated; performing a backhoe operation on a portion of the rock and a portion of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction at the backhoe layer, including:
[0023] The backhoe operation is performed along the distribution direction of the rock to be excavated from the coal rock to the coal to be excavated from the coal rock.
[0024] Further, the remaining coal in the excavation layer is mined according to the distribution direction of the coal to the rock, including:
[0025] The remaining coal in the excavation layer is mined using an electric shovel.
[0026] Furthermore, the mining method also includes:
[0027] The hook area in the lower excavation layer of the two adjacent excavation layers is located at a side of the hook area in the upper excavation layer of the two adjacent excavation layers close to the rock area.
[0028] The technical solution of the present invention can avoid repeated excavation and rework, and does not require secondary dumping, which effectively reduces the mining cost, saves working time, improves the mining efficiency, and facilitates the mining of triangular coal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:
[0030] Figure 1 A flow chart of a mining method provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;
[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of specific steps of a mining process provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a mining method, which includes: dividing the coal rock to be excavated along the height direction to divide the coal rock to be excavated into multiple excavation layers; dividing each of the multiple excavation layers into a backhoe layer and a hook layer along the height direction, and the backhoe layer is located above the hook layer; first performing a backhoe operation on the backhoe layer in each excavation layer, and then performing a hook operation on the hook layer in each excavation layer, and finally performing coal excavation on each excavation layer.
[0034] By adopting the mining method provided in this embodiment, all flat plates are mined at one time, avoiding repeated excavation and rework. There is no need for secondary dumping, which effectively reduces mining costs, saves working time, and improves mining efficiency.
[0035] In this embodiment, the backhoe layer in each excavation layer is first backhoe operated, then the hook layer in each excavation layer is hooked, and finally the coal is excavated in each excavation layer, including: backhoeing part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction in the backhoe layer, and after completing the backhoeing of the backhoe layer, the hooking operation is performed on the interface between the rock and the coal in the hook layer to form a hooking area; after completing the hooking operation on the interface between the rock and the coal in the hook layer, the remaining coal in the excavation layer is mined along the distribution direction from the coal to the rock. Such a method can facilitate the effective excavation of the coal in the coal rock to be excavated. Specifically, the coal in the coal rock to be excavated in this embodiment is triangular coal.
[0036] Specifically, when the backhoe layer performs a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, the mining method further includes: using a backhoe excavator to perform a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, and the preset backhoe area of the backhoe operation on the coal area of the backhoe layer is larger than the occupied area of the backhoe excavator, so that the backhoe excavator performs a hook pulling operation in the preset backhoe area. By adopting such a method, it is possible to improve the operational safety of the backhoe excavator during the hook pulling operation, so as to facilitate the stable hook pulling operation.
[0037] In this embodiment, when the backhoe layer performs a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, the mining method further includes: providing a preset safety distance between the edge of the backhoe operation and the boundary of the rock area of the backhoe layer. By adopting such a method, a predetermined safety platform can be left to prevent the backfill material from collapsing, thereby ensuring the safety of mining.
[0038] Specifically, the mining method further includes: the preset safety distance in the lower excavation layer of two adjacent excavation layers is greater than the preset safety distance in the upper excavation layer of two adjacent excavation layers. This method can further improve the safety of mining and avoid collapse above.
[0039] In this embodiment, when the backhoe layer performs a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, the mining method further includes: performing a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer at a maximum excavation depth. This method can facilitate better excavation and improve mining efficiency.
[0040] It should be noted that the "maximum excavation depth" here can be understood as the maximum excavation depth that does not affect the structural stability of the layer and does not cause collapse.
[0041] Specifically, the multiple excavation layers include a first excavation layer, which is located at the top of the coal rock to be excavated; in the backhoe layer, a backhoe operation is performed on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer according to a predetermined direction, including: a backhoe operation is performed along the distribution direction of the coal from the coal rock to be excavated to the rock from the coal rock to be excavated. This method can facilitate smooth backhoe operation.
[0042] In this embodiment, the multiple excavation layers include a second excavation layer, which is located below the top of the coal rock to be excavated; a backhoe operation is performed on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, including: performing a backhoe operation along the distribution direction from the rock to be excavated to the coal in the coal rock to be excavated.
[0043] Specifically, the remaining coal in the excavation layer is mined along the distribution direction of the coal to the rock, including: using an electric shovel to excavate the remaining coal in the excavation layer. This method can improve the efficiency of coal mining.
[0044] In this embodiment, the mining method further includes: the hook area in the lower excavation layer of two adjacent excavation layers is located on the side of the hook area in the upper excavation layer of the two adjacent excavation layers close to the rock area. With this method, it is possible to smoothly excavate the triangular coal, ensure the full recovery of the triangular coal, and avoid waste of the coal area.
[0045] See attached Figure 2 As shown in the figure, when removing the middle bridge in an open-pit mine, a hydraulic backhoe is used to operate according to the following process:
[0046] According to step ①, the width of coal mining is about 15 meters, and the width of rock mining is about 40 meters. The excavation depth can be as deep as the maximum depth, and the excavation direction is as shown by the arrow (the purpose of coal mining is to make room for the backhoe to stand in step ②, and the same applies to ④, ⑦ and ①).
[0047] After completing step ①, the backhoe moves to the location of step ② to carry out the hook pulling operation of step ②. The depth is determined by the maximum depth or the thickness of the upper coal layer, and the mining direction is as indicated by the arrow (steps ⑤ and ⑧ are the same as ②).
[0048] Step ③, follow the direction of the arrow and mine the upper coal layer to a position close to the safety platform (Steps ⑥ and ⑨ are the same as ③, but be careful to leave a safety platform of about 5 meters to prevent the backfill material from collapsing).
[0049] It should be noted that in step ③, the overall location can be taken at a position on one side of the security platform close to the next level of the corresponding area.
[0050] exist Figure 1In the figure, the operation ranges of steps ①, ②, ④, ⑤, ⑦ and ⑧ have been correspondingly illustrated in the closed square area in the figure, and the square area corresponding to each of the above steps includes part of the coal seam and part of the rock layer.
[0051] Specifically, in steps ③, ⑥, and ⑨, an electric shovel can be used for excavation, which will make the excavation more efficient and more cost-effective.
[0052] Hydraulic backhoes are mainly used to assist mining operations in large open-pit mines. Because of their flexible deployment and the ability to work with various large mining trucks, they have a wide range of applications. The hydraulic backhoe is used in the optimized mining process of coal-rock separation at the intermediate bridge, which is technically feasible, safe, and economically reasonable, and can be well applied.
[0053] Specifically, if after the first step is completed, the backhoe dumps the goods for the second time, and the electric shovel loads the truck after the hook is pulled, there will be problems of time-consuming work and waste of costs. In addition, there is a problem that the triangular coal cannot be recycled, which wastes resources.
[0054] Specifically, for the sake of safety and convenience of operation, both step ④ and step ⑦ are carried out in the opposite direction of step ①. Specifically, when mining in step ①, the operation is carried out on a flat ground, and there are no high steps around; while in step ④ and step ⑦, there are already high steps in the direction of the rock (because the upper coal has been mined); if it is still mined in the direction of step ①, the place where the backhoe stands will be dug out, and the backhoe will be forced to the bottom of the high step, which is very dangerous, because the materials used to build the middle bridge are backfill materials, which are prone to collapse. By adopting the opposite direction, the backhoe can be mined while staying away from the high step, and its own safety is guaranteed. When performing steps ④ and ⑦, there are already high steps in the direction of the rock. When operating again, for safety reasons, a safety platform needs to be reserved under the high step. If it is still mined in the direction of step ①, the size of the safety platform cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, by setting the above different mining directions, the safety of mining can be effectively guaranteed.
[0055] Specifically, the overall height of the coal rock to be excavated is h, and the overall height of the coal rock to be excavated is divided into three equal parts, namely, an upper coal layer, a middle coal layer and a lower coal layer, and excavation operations are gradually performed on the upper coal layer, the middle coal layer and the lower coal layer.
[0056] Specifically, the average thickness of the coal rock to be excavated can be 45 meters, and the upper coal layer, middle coal layer and lower coal layer are set to 15-meter steps respectively, and large equipment is used for operation. Specifically, the specific size can be flexibly adjusted according to different step heights, and different equipment models and sizes, without deliberate control.
[0057] From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: all triangular coal can be recovered, resource waste can be avoided, efficiency can be improved, the number of equipment investments can be reduced as much as possible, and costs can be reduced. All flat plates are mined once to avoid repeated rework. There is no need for secondary dumping, which wastes costs and time. Compared with bridge dismantling by electric shovel, this process can recover about 10,000 tons of triangular coal, and requires an additional 50,000 m of stripping. 3 Rocks are dumped nearby, and the transportation distance is about 0.5 km. At present, the profit of a ton of coal is about 260 yuan / ton, and the transportation cost of a 326-ton truck in an open-pit mine is about 2 yuan / (km*m 3 ), hydraulic shovel excavation cost is about 1 yuan / m 3 From the above data, it can be calculated that this process can save costs = 1*260-5*1-5*0.5*2 = 2.5 million yuan.
[0058] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0059] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the application. Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual proportional relationships. The technology, methods and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.
[0060] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application; the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.
[0061] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.
[0062] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application.
[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A mining method, characterized in that: include: Dividing the coal rock to be excavated along the height direction to divide the coal rock to be excavated into multiple excavation layers; Dividing each of the plurality of digging layers into a backhoe layer and a drag hook layer along a height direction, wherein the backhoe layer is located above the drag hook layer; First, a backhoe operation is performed on the backhoe layer in each excavation layer, and then a hook operation is performed on the hook layer in each excavation layer, and finally, coal excavation is performed on each excavation layer.
2. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of first performing a backhoe operation on the backhoe layer in each excavation layer, then performing a hook operation on the hook layer in each excavation layer, and finally performing coal excavation on each excavation layer comprises: Performing a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction in the backhoe layer, and performing a hook operation on the interface between the rock and the coal in the hook layer after completing the backhoe operation on the backhoe layer to form a hook area; After completing the hooking operation at the interface between the rock and the coal in the hooking layer, the remaining coal in the excavation layer is mined in the distribution direction from the coal to the rock.
3. The mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the backhoe layer performs a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, the mining method further comprises: A backhoe excavator is used to perform a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction at the backhoe layer, and a preset backhoe area of the backhoe operation on the coal area of the backhoe layer is larger than the occupied area of the backhoe excavator, so that the backhoe excavator performs the hook operation in the preset backhoe area.
4. The mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the backhoe layer performs a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, the mining method further comprises: A preset safety distance is provided between the operating edge of the backhoe and the boundary of the rocky area of the backhoe layer.
5. The mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mining method further comprises: The preset safety distance in the lower excavation layer of the two adjacent excavation layers is greater than the preset safety distance in the upper excavation layer of the two adjacent excavation layers.
6. The mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the backhoe layer performs a backhoe operation on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer in a predetermined direction, the mining method further comprises: The backhoe operation is performed at the maximum excavation depth partially on the rock and partially on the coal in the backhoe layer.
7. The mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multiple excavation layers include a first excavation layer, which is located on the top of the coal rock to be excavated; and the backhoe operation is performed on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoe layer according to a predetermined direction at the backhoe layer, including: A backhoe operation is performed along the rock distribution direction from the coal to be excavated to the coal rock to be excavated.
8. The mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of excavation layers include a second excavation layer, the second excavation layer being located below the top of the coal rock to be excavated; The backhoeing operation is performed on part of the rock and part of the coal in the backhoeing layer according to a predetermined direction, comprising: A backhoe operation is performed along the distribution direction from the rock to be excavated to the coal in the coal rock to be excavated.
9. The mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mining of the remaining coal in the excavation layer according to the distribution direction from coal to rock includes: The remaining coal in the excavation layer is mined using an electric shovel.
10. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mining method further comprises: The hook area in the lower excavation layer of the two adjacent excavation layers is located at a side of the hook area in the upper excavation layer of the two adjacent excavation layers close to the rock area.