Engine energy-saving device and method for hydrogen production using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of energy conservation of automobile engines, and specifically relates to an engine energy-saving device and method for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles. The device includes a special water storage tank, an ultrasonic water mist generator, and micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles. The special water storage tank is separated by a permeable partition into an ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen production chamber. The ultrasonic water mist generator is placed 3 mm - 5 mm below the liquid level in the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber to atomize water through external power supply. Micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles are placed at the bottom of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber to react with water to generate hydrogen. Part of the hydrogen dissolves in water, and part is stored in the gas storage chamber above the liquid level. An air outlet is provided at the top of the special water storage tank and connected to the engine intake pipe. The water mist and hydrogen enter the cylinder with the engine intake to participate in the work, thereby eliminating the surplus fuel injection volume and reducing the heat transfer loss in the cylinder. This application improves the thermal efficiency of the automobile engine, suppresses knocking, reduces the occurrence of incomplete combustion, and thus reduces fuel consumption and harmful gas emissions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation of automobile engines. Specifically, it relates to an engine energy-saving device and method for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles. Background Art

[0002] Currently, internal combustion engine-driven vehicles still have deficiencies in terms of energy utilization efficiency and environmental pollution. The main reason is that the actual working efficiency of internal combustion engine-driven vehicles is relatively low. This means that most of the energy of the fuel cannot be effectively converted into mechanical energy. The main reasons are heat loss, pumping loss, combustion loss, and mechanical loss during the operation of the internal combustion engine.

[0003] To improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines, various solutions have been proposed in the prior art, such as hybrid technology, start-stop technology, cylinder water injection, EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) technology, and variable compression ratio technology. These technologies have improved the working efficiency of internal combustion engines and reduced emissions to a certain extent, but such technologies are complex in structure and relatively costly. In particular, they cannot effectively solve the pumping loss problem in the part-load condition of the engine and the energy loss caused by the enrichment of the air-fuel mixture in the full-load condition.

[0004] In addition, heat loss accounts for most of the total loss, which mainly includes body heat dissipation and exhaust heat energy loss. To keep the engine body working properly, the engine needs to be cooled by a cooling medium. To further improve the thermal work conversion efficiency of the working medium, some researchers have proposed the technology of spraying water into the cylinder or air passage. For example, BMW in Germany has adopted an in-cylinder water injection system in the B38 engine of the BMW 1 Series. The patent CN117780528A of SAIC Motor Corporation Limited proposes an engine water injection control method and device. Air passage water injection is to spray water mist into the intake manifold with a sprayer, and the intake manifold quickly turns into water vapor through evaporation. When the water evaporates, the temperature of the air behind the compressor will be significantly reduced, thereby reducing the intake air temperature, improving the charging efficiency, and reducing the tendency of knocking.

[0005] The technology of spraying water into the cylinder or air passage can effectively solve the engine heat loss problem, but it also requires an additional high-pressure water injection system. This increases the difficulty in structural layout and also increases the cost. Therefore, designing a water supply device with a simple structure and low cost has a positive effect on the popularization of engine energy-saving technology.

[0006] In addition, in order to further improve the thermal work conversion efficiency of internal combustion engines, the combustion speed of the in-cylinder mixture needs to be further accelerated. Hydrogen blending technology is considered an effective means to improve the combustion efficiency and cleanliness of internal combustion engines. The combustion speed of hydrogen is seven times that of gasoline and natural gas. Research shows that when hydrogen is blended into traditional internal combustion engines, it can not only accelerate the combustion speed, making the combustion process closer to the ideal constant-pressure heating cycle, but also reduce heat transfer losses and improve the efficiency of converting thermal energy into mechanical work.

[0007] Currently, there are mainly two implementation schemes for hydrogen blending technology in internal combustion engines. The first type is through an independent hydrogen blending system, which stores gaseous or liquid hydrogen in an on-vehicle hydrogen storage tank and adjusts the hydrogen blending amount according to needs through a gas supply ratio control device. However, this technology has many problems: gaseous hydrogen needs to be stored under high pressure, liquid hydrogen requires an extremely low-temperature environment, and the storage and transportation equipment must meet high safety standards, resulting in a complex system and high costs. In addition, the hydrogen storage tank and gas supply device occupy limited space in the vehicle, especially in small passenger cars, where installation and layout are difficult.

[0008] The second type is to produce hydrogen in real time through an on-vehicle hydrogen production system for use in internal combustion engines. For example, Patent CN201710766208.8 discloses an on-vehicle hydrogen production device based on microwave reforming of methane steam. The technical solution of this patent uses alcohol reforming technology to convert substances such as methanol or ethanol into hydrogen through catalytic reactions; Patent CN202311312416.2 discloses a hydrogen-oxygen assisted combustion energy-saving engine. The technical solution of this patent uses electrolysis technology to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. Although this type of technology avoids the risk of high-pressure hydrogen storage and simplifies the storage equipment, there are still several deficiencies: First, the hydrogen production equipment itself has a complex structure and high technical requirements; second, the hydrogen production process requires additional energy supply, whether it is thermal energy or electrical energy, which will lead to a decrease in the overall energy efficiency; finally, the on-vehicle hydrogen production equipment occupies a large space, especially affecting the structural layout in compact vehicles.

[0009] In summary, although the existing hydrogen blending technology in internal combustion engines has improved the engine efficiency and cleanliness to a certain extent, its complexity and space requirements limit its wide application in compact vehicles such as passenger cars. Designing an energy-saving device and implementation method for engines that can solve the above problems is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an engine energy-saving device and method for hydrogen production using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles. The principle of the device design can be summarized as "one bottle with two chambers, the same liquid for two purposes". One bottle with two chambers means using a special water storage bottle. By installing a permeable partition, the volume of the special water storage bottle is divided into two chambers. One is the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber, and the other is the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber. The water mist and hydrogen generated in the bottle can flow freely between the two chambers. The same liquid for two purposes means that the water in the special water storage bottle undergoes different physical and chemical phenomena in the two chambers, generating two completely different substances, and the water in the bottle can also flow freely between the two chambers. The ultrasonic water mist generator is used to generate normal temperature water mist, and the micro-hydrogen production mineral particles are used to generate hydrogen, which is inhaled into the engine together with fresh air during the engine intake process. Hydrogen accelerates the combustion process, improves the sufficiency of fuel combustion and the engine efficiency; the normal temperature water mist has a high density and a stronger vaporization heat absorption capacity, which can better reduce the intake temperature and improve the charging efficiency. Especially at the engine's external characteristics, it can avoid fuel-air enrichment, reduce fuel consumption. In addition, it can prevent knocking, ensure stable combustion, and make up for the pumping loss caused by intake vacuum, improve fuel economy, and reduce harmful gas emissions.

[0011] On the one hand, the present invention provides an engine energy-saving device for hydrogen production using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles, including a special water storage tank, micro-hydrogen production mineral particles, and an ultrasonic water mist generator; a permeable partition is provided inside the special water storage tank, and the permeable partition divides the special water storage tank into an ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen production chamber; the special water storage tank is filled with water, and the micro-hydrogen production mineral particles are placed at the bottom of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber. The micro-hydrogen production mineral particles are used to react with water to produce hydrogen. The special water storage tank is provided with a first air outlet connected to the engine intake pipe and a second air outlet connected to the atmospheric environment.

[0012] The ultrasonic water mist generator is located 3 mm - 5 mm below the liquid level of the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber of the special water storage tank, and is used to atomize liquid water into normal temperature gaseous water mist, so that the generated water mist and hydrogen are inhaled into the cylinder through the first air outlet during the engine intake process and participate in the work as working medium.

[0013] In a preferred implementation, further, the ultrasonic water mist generator is located inside the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber, and it is internally provided with a liquid level sensor; the first air outlet is located at the top of the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and is sealed by a mist outlet bottle cap. The top of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber is provided with a second air outlet and is sealed by a hydrogen production chamber bottle cap.

[0014] In a preferred implementation, further, the permeable partition is provided with neatly arranged fine holes, and the pore diameter is smaller than the diameter of the micro-hydrogen production mineral particles, so as to facilitate the free passage of water mist and gas.

[0015] In a preferred implementation, further, the dedicated water storage tank further includes a conduit and a water injection pipe assembly. The bottom of the conduit is inserted into the hydrogen production chamber of mineral particles through a second air outlet. The bottom of the water injection pipe assembly is inserted into the conduit, and its top extends out from the second air outlet. The outlet end is funnel-shaped, and an air filter is installed at the cylindrical part of the end.

[0016] In a preferred implementation, further, the water injection pipe assembly includes an upper water injection pipe, a lower water injection pipe, and a one-way valve. The upper water injection pipe and the lower water injection pipe are connected through the one-way valve. The air filter is installed at the top of the upper water injection pipe for filtering the air entering the dedicated water storage tank. The one-way valve is used to prevent the water in the dedicated water storage tank from being squeezed out due to excessive pressure in the tank.

[0017] In a preferred implementation, further, a first groove and a second groove are respectively provided at the bottoms of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the hydrogen production chamber of mineral particles. The ultrasonic water mist generator is seated in the first groove.

[0018] In a preferred implementation, further, several fine holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the conduit, and the diameter of the fine holes is smaller than the diameter of the hydrogen production mineral particles. The bottom end of the conduit is seated in the second groove, and the top end of the conduit is inserted into the mouth of the hydrogen production chamber but does not extend out of the mouth.

[0019] In a preferred implementation, further, it further includes a mist one-way valve, a solenoid valve, and a mist output pipe; both ends of the mist output pipe are respectively connected to the first air outlet and the engine intake pipe, and the mist one-way valve and the solenoid valve are sequentially arranged on the mist output pipe from the first air outlet end to the engine intake pipe end.

[0020] In a preferred implementation, further, the connection end of the mist output pipe and the engine intake pipe is located behind the engine throttle valve.

[0021] On the other hand, the present invention further provides a method of using the engine energy-saving device described in any one of the above. The method includes:

[0022] Step 1: Build an engine test bench, install the engine energy-saving device on the engine, calibrate it under different working conditions, determine the supply amount of the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture that meets the engine performance requirements or conforms to the predetermined emission standards, generate a solenoid valve opening control MAP according to the calibration results, and store the MAP in the engine controller;

[0023] Step 2: Based on the signals real-time feedback from the rotational speed sensor, throttle sensor, exhaust temperature sensor and tail gas oxygen concentration sensor, the engine controller searches the control MAP to obtain the solenoid valve opening control value corresponding to the supply amount of the water mist and hydrogen mixture that meets the engine performance requirements or conforms to the predetermined emission standards under the current working condition;

[0024] Step 3: The engine controller monitors the water volume in the water storage tank in real time based on the liquid level sensor. When the water volume is sufficient, it sets the supply amount of the water mist and hydrogen mixture according to the engine speed and load, and adjusts its working intensity by regulating the supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator; when the water volume is insufficient, it stops power supply and triggers a water replenishment prompt;

[0025] Step 4: The engine controller detects the exhaust temperature T and the excess air coefficient λ in real time. When T exceeds the set maximum limit value and λ is lower than the minimum limit value, it is adjusted by increasing the supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator and the solenoid valve opening until λ reaches the set value λ = 1 and T returns below the limit value, or the adjustment amount reaches the upper limit. At the same time, the detection signal is fed back to the controller to form a closed-loop control.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] First, the engine energy-saving device of the present invention atomizes water through an ultrasonic water mist generator and inhales it into the engine together with hydrogen. Hydrogen has a high combustion speed and calorific value, which can accelerate the fuel combustion process, improve the completeness of combustion, thereby increasing the power output and efficiency of the engine. The generated normal-temperature water mist quickly vaporizes in a high-temperature environment, absorbing a large amount of heat, which reduces the combustion chamber temperature. This cooling effect can avoid the occurrence of knocking, ensure the smooth combustion of fuel, thereby reducing incomplete combustion phenomena, reducing fuel consumption, and reducing the emissions of harmful gases such as NOx and HC through the auxiliary combustion of hydrogen and water mist, which helps environmental protection and meets more stringent emission standards; when the engine operates at partial load, the water mist in a gaseous state is beneficial to reducing the vacuum degree behind the throttle valve, reducing pumping losses, and increasing the high-efficiency working area of the engine, which is very beneficial to broadening the working range of a hybrid engine or a range extender;

[0028] Second, in the preferred implementation mode, the present invention separates the special water storage tank into an ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen production chamber through a permeable partition, so that the water atomization and hydrogen generation are carried out in a relatively independent environment, avoiding mutual interference, thereby ensuring that the generation processes of water mist and hydrogen are more stable and efficient. The aperture of the first fine holes on the permeable partition is smaller than the diameter of the micro-hydrogen production mineral particles, effectively preventing the mineral particles from entering the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and avoiding the blockage problem of the particles to the ultrasonic water mist generator or other components, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment;

[0029] Thirdly, in the preferred implementation, the present invention designs a buoy to keep the ultrasonic water mist generator at an optimal depth of 3 mm - 5 mm below the liquid level all the time. When operating at a shallow water level, it can more efficiently vibrate water molecules into tiny water mist particles, ensuring the fineness and uniformity of the water mist, thereby improving the mixing effect of the water mist with air and hydrogen;

[0030] Fourthly, in the preferred implementation, the bottom of the conduit of the present invention extends into the hydrogen production chamber of mineral particles through the second air outlet, and the bottom of the water injection pipe assembly extends into the conduit, avoiding gas accumulation or blockage of mineral particles. Through the one-way valve between the upper water injection pipe and the lower water injection pipe, it ensures that air can only enter the special water storage tank unidirectionally, preventing gas from flowing out and ensuring the stability of the hydrogen generation process; The air filter is installed at the top of the upper water injection pipe, effectively filtering the air entering the special water storage tank, preventing impurities or pollutants in the external air from entering the system, and ensuring the purity of the entire hydrogen generation and water atomization process;

[0031] Fifthly, in the preferred implementation, the first groove of the present invention keeps the ultrasonic water mist generator in the low liquid level area of the special water storage tank all the time. Even when the water level in the special water storage tank is relatively low, water can still gather in the groove, ensuring that the water mist generator can continue to work, improving the utilization rate of the stored water in the tank, and avoiding atomization interruption or efficiency decline caused by too low liquid level. The distribution position of the second fine holes at the bottom of the lower water injection pipe is flush with the pit entrance of the second groove. Such an arrangement can prevent the hydrogen generated in the water storage tank from escaping to the outside atmosphere through the water injection pipe;

[0032] Sixthly, in the preferred implementation, the hydrogen and air of the present invention are mixed after the throttle valve and then enter the cylinder. Since the combustion speed of hydrogen is faster than that of conventional fuel, it can promote the full combustion of fuel, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and reducing the harmful substance emissions caused by incomplete combustion;

[0033] Seventhly, the engine energy-saving implementation method of the present invention dynamically adjusts the supply of hydrogen and water mist through the engine controller in combination with the exhaust temperature sensor and the throttle sensor to achieve efficient combustion and emission reduction. By calibrating the optimal supply amount of the water mist and hydrogen mixture through the engine bench test, a control MAP is formed to ensure that the air supply accurately matches the engine demand under different working conditions. Taking the exhaust temperature as a correction parameter, the solenoid valve opening can be adjusted according to the temperature fluctuation to avoid knocking caused by high temperature or combustion efficiency decline caused by low temperature. This method automatically optimizes the combustion efficiency, reduces fuel consumption, and effectively reduces emissions under different loads and speeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the engine energy-saving device for producing hydrogen with ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the implementation method of the engine energy-saving device for hydrogen production using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Among them, 1 - special water storage tank; 2 - micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles; 3 - conduit; 4 - water injection pipe assembly; 401 - upper water injection pipe; 402 - lower water injection pipe; 403 - one-way valve; 5 - hydrogen production chamber bottle cap; 6 - air filter; 7 - permeable partition; 8 - mist outlet bottle cap; 9 - ultrasonic water mist generator; 10 - mist one-way valve; 11 - engine controller; 12 - solenoid valve; 13 - throttle valve; 14 - engine intake pipe; 15 - cylinder; 16 - exhaust temperature sensor; 17 - tail gas oxygen concentration sensor. Specific implementation manner

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] The orientation terms such as up, down, left, right, front and back in this application document are established based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings. If the drawings are different, the corresponding positional relationship may also change accordingly, so it cannot be understood as a limitation of the protection scope.

[0039] In this application, the terms "installation", "connection", "engagement", "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or can communicate with each other, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, a connection inside two components, or an interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] Refer to the accompanying specification Figure 1, this invention describes an engine energy-saving device for hydrogen production using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles. The device includes a special water storage tank 1 and an ultrasonic water mist generator 9 disposed inside the special water storage tank 1. An osmotic partition 7 is provided inside the special water storage tank 1, and the osmotic partition 7 divides the special water storage tank 1 into an ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen production chamber. The special water storage tank 1 is filled with water, and micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 are placed at a certain height at the bottom of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber. The micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 are used to react with water to produce hydrogen. The ultrasonic water mist generator 9 is maintained at a certain depth below the liquid level of the special water storage tank 1 through a buoy, so as to ensure the stability of the continuous atomization effect of water. The special water storage tank 1 is provided with a first air outlet connected to the engine intake pipe 14. The water in the special water storage tank 1 is atomized by the ultrasonic water mist generator 9, and the generated normal temperature water mist carries the hydrogen produced by the reaction of the mineral particles. The first air outlet is used to introduce the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture into the engine intake pipe and participate in the engine combustion as a working medium, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. When the engine is running, the negative pressure in the engine cylinder sucks the water mist and hydrogen in the special water storage tank 1 into the engine intake system through the intake pipe 14. On the one hand, this device provides sufficient reaction space for the contact between the micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 and water, ensuring continuous hydrogen production; on the other hand, the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 efficiently atomizes the water in the special water storage tank 1. Due to the generation of water mist and hydrogen, the pressure in the water storage tank is higher than the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the engine intake pipe. Hydrogen and water mist are guided into the engine intake pipe and mixed with fuel for combustion, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the fuel and achieving the effect of energy conservation.

[0042] Preferably, the height of the micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 in the special water storage tank 1 ≤ one-fourth of the height of the special water storage tank 1. The first air outlet of the special water storage tank 1 is located at the top of its box body.

[0043] The micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 are selected as ceramic-based mineral particles containing highly active metals. These metals are doped inside the ceramic-based mineral particles and can slowly decompose water molecules when in contact with water, generating hydrogen and metal hydroxides. The main principle is to rely on the displacement reaction of active metals such as magnesium ( ), etc. with water ( ), generating hydrogen ( ), and magnesium hydroxide ( ). Its basic chemical reaction equation is:

[0044]

[0045] Comparison with traditional hydrogen production methods: Traditional hydrogen production methods such as electrolysis of water, steam reforming of natural gas, or catalytic cracking of fossil fuels usually require high-temperature and high-pressure environments or consume a large amount of electrical energy. This not only results in high energy costs but also typically releases a large amount of carbon dioxide, making it difficult to achieve true energy-saving goals. The mineral particles of the present invention react with water to produce hydrogen without heating or a high-pressure environment and can occur at normal temperature and pressure, greatly reducing energy consumption. Utilizing abundant metal resources in nature (such as magnesium or aluminum), the reaction device has a simple structure, the reaction process is easy to control, without the need for complex catalysts or reaction devices, and no harmful gases are emitted during the hydrogen generation process. By-products such as magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) are harmless to the environment.

[0046] In a preferred implementation, to further improve the reaction stability and service life of the mineral particles, a nanoscale coating is applied to the particle surface. The coating generally consists of oxides, hydroxides, or other nanoparticles with high stability, such as aluminum oxide ( ), titanium dioxide ( ), or rare earth element oxides. The nanocoating is used to prevent the mineral particles from forming an inactive oxide layer (i.e., a passivation layer) too quickly when reacting with water. This passivation layer would prevent water molecules from further contacting the metal, thus significantly reducing the hydrogen release rate. It can delay this passivation phenomenon, ensure the continuous activity of the particles, and control the rate at which water molecules penetrate to the metal surface, thereby achieving controllability and uniformity of hydrogen release.

[0047] The ultrasonic water mist generator 9 converts electrical energy into mechanical vibration energy to vibrate the water in the dedicated water storage tank 1 into fine normal-temperature water mist particles without heating and vaporization. Specifically, the ultrasonic water mist generator utilizes piezoelectric crystals or vibration elements. When a low-voltage power supply (usually 12V or 24V) is connected through the control circuit, the piezoelectric crystals generate high-frequency vibrations, usually in the range of 1.7 MHz to 2.4 MHz. These high-frequency vibrations form high-speed fluctuations in the water, causing water molecules to be vibrated into tiny atomized particles. These fine water mist particles are inhaled into the intake pipe 14 of the engine through the first air outlet of the dedicated water storage tank 1 and then enter the engine cylinder to mix with air and participate in combustion work.

[0048] The ultrasonic water mist generator 9 is connected to the engine controller 11 through a signal line. It is equipped with a liquid level sensor inside. When the liquid level in the dedicated water storage tank drops to a certain level, the liquid level sensor feeds back a signal to the engine controller 11. The engine controller 11 will disconnect the power supply switch of the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 to prevent dry burning damage and feed back the signal to the entire vehicle to remind the driver to replenish water in a timely manner.

[0049] The function of the buoy is to keep the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 at a depth of about 3 - 5 millimeters below the liquid level of the dedicated water storage tank. This depth control ensures that the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 is always immersed at an appropriate liquid level. As the liquid level in the dedicated water storage tank changes, the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 can maintain the best atomization state, ensuring continuous and stable water mist generation. In this embodiment, when the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 is working, the liquid level in the dedicated water storage tank 1 gradually drops, and the distance between the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 and the liquid level always remains unchanged, always staying at 3 - 5 mm.

[0050] By adopting the engine energy-saving device of this embodiment and combining the technologies of ultrasonic water mist and hydrolysis of mineral particles to produce hydrogen, hydrogen is generated through the chemical reaction between mineral particles and water, without the support of external electric energy, reducing the electric energy consumption of the engine. Compared with the traditional electrolytic water hydrogen production system, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, especially suitable for environments with limited electric energy or small vehicles, helping to reduce fuel consumption and the load on the engine electrical system. In addition, compared with the traditional electrolytic water hydrogen production system where water is fully decomposed into dry hydrogen and oxygen during electrolysis, the normal temperature water mist particles generated in this invention enter the engine cylinder 15 and quickly vaporize in the high-temperature environment, absorbing a large amount of heat. This cooling effect can reduce the combustion temperature in the cylinder 15, thereby reducing the occurrence of knocking (also known as engine knocking) and the generation of nitrogen oxides. Since knocking will cause incomplete fuel combustion, reducing the power of the engine and increasing wear. After vaporization, the water mist acts as a working medium for doing work and participates in the expansion work of the cylinder, which is beneficial to improving the effective thermal efficiency of the engine. Therefore, the cooling effect of the water mist can ensure more stable and complete combustion of the fuel, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and the power output of the engine.

[0051] Embodiment 2

[0052] This embodiment includes all the structures of Embodiment 1, and the permeable partition 7 is provided with neatly arranged first fine holes for the free passage of the water mist in the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and the gas in the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber. The aperture of the first fine holes is smaller than the diameter of the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2. In this embodiment, the permeable partition 7 is made of a rollable plastic plate, the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 are selected with a diameter of 3 mm, and the aperture of the first fine holes of the permeable partition 7 is 1 - 2 mm.

[0053] Since the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber are connected through the system of the permeable partition 7, the liquid levels in the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber are at the same horizontal plane. The ultrasonic water mist generator 9 and the buoy are located in the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber, and the first air outlet is arranged at the top of the ultrasonic water mist generation chamber.

[0054] With the structure of this embodiment, the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the hydrogen production chamber of mineral particles are separated by the permeable partition 7, enabling the generation of ultrasonic water mist and the hydrolysis reaction of mineral particles to proceed in a relatively independent environment. The design of the permeable partition 7 also allows the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the hydrogen production chamber of mineral particles to share the same liquid level, thus simplifying the liquid level control. The design of the first fine pores of the permeable partition 7 allows water mist and gas to pass through freely without disturbing the distribution or reaction process of mineral particles, thereby ensuring the independence and stability of hydrogen generation and water mist generation and optimizing the overall reaction efficiency. The aperture of the first fine pores of the permeable partition 7 is smaller than the diameter of the mineral particles (1 - 2 mm for the first fine pores and 3 mm for the mineral particles), effectively preventing the mineral particles from entering the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and avoiding problems such as blockage or equipment damage caused by particle entry, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the entire device.

[0055] Embodiment 3

[0056] Based on Embodiment 2, the engine energy-saving device further includes a conduit 3, a water injection pipe assembly 4, a hydrogen production chamber bottle cap 5, an air filter 6, and a mist outlet bottle cap 8. Among them, the mist outlet bottle cap 8 is connected to the first air outlet.

[0057] The top of the hydrogen production chamber of mineral particles is provided with a second air outlet, which is used to discharge excess gas during the operation of the device to maintain the pressure balance within the system. The conduit 3 extends into the hydrogen production chamber of mineral particles through the second air outlet, maintaining a certain distance from the bottom surface. This spacing is smaller than the diameter of the micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2, thereby preventing the particles from entering the conduit 3 through the gap and ensuring that the conduit will not be blocked by the particles. The top end of the conduit 3 is inserted into the bottle mouth of the hydrogen production chamber but does not protrude from the bottle mouth, and is externally provided with threads. The hydrogen production chamber bottle cap 5 firmly fixes the conduit inside the hydrogen production chamber of mineral particles by screwing with the threads at the top of the conduit, ensuring the sealing and stability of the entire device. The hydrogen production chamber bottle cap 5 has a central hole communicating with the conduit 3, and the bottom of the water injection pipe assembly 4 extends into the interior of the conduit 3 through this central hole, and its top protrudes from the second air outlet.

[0058] The water injection pipe assembly 4 includes a water injection pipe and a check valve 403. The water injection pipe consists of two sections: an upper water injection pipe 401 and a lower water injection pipe 402. These two sections of pipes are connected by the check valve 403, which is used to prevent the water in the special water storage tank 1 from overflowing due to excessive pressure in the tank. The outlet end of the upper water injection pipe 401 is in a funnel-shaped structure, which is used to limit the penetration depth of the water injection pipe assembly in the conduit 3. The upper and lower parts of the outlet end are in a columnar structure, and an air filter 6 is installed at the columnar structure at the upper part of the outlet end. The air filter 6 is used to filter the air entering the special water storage tank 1 to ensure that the air is clean and free of impurities, avoiding impurities entering the system and affecting the hydrogen production efficiency or causing blockage. When the liquid level in the special water storage tank 1 drops, the special water storage tank 1 needs to replenish air. When the outside air enters the interior of the special water storage tank 1, it first needs to be filtered by the air filter 6, then flows through the check valve, and enters the special water storage tank 1 through the bottom end of the lower water injection pipe.

[0059] The outer diameters of the upper water injection pipe and the lower water injection pipe are the same, and the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the conduit 3. Several second fine holes with a diameter of 1-2 mm are evenly arranged on the pipe wall of the conduit 3, and the pore diameter of the fine holes is smaller than the diameter of the mineral particles 1. The design of these fine holes facilitates the inflow and outflow of water and gas in the special water storage tank 1 into and out of the conduit 3.

[0060] When the liquid level of the special water storage tank 1 drops, the system needs to supplement outside air to balance the internal pressure. The outside air is filtered by the air filter 6 and then enters the upper water injection pipe of the water injection pipe assembly, then passes through the check valve and enters the lower water injection pipe, and finally enters the interior of the special water storage tank 1. The design of the check valve can prevent the liquid inside the special water storage tank from flowing back to the outside through the water injection pipe assembly when the pressure is higher than the outside atmospheric pressure, ensuring the stability and safety of the system.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] On the basis of Example 3, a first groove is provided at the bottom of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber in this embodiment, and a second groove is provided at the bottom of the hydrogen production chamber with mineral particles. The depth of the first groove is the same as the height of the ultrasonic water mist generator 9, and the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 will fall into the first groove. The bottom of the conduit 3 extends into the second groove. The distribution position of the second fine holes at the bottom of the conduit 3 is flush with the entrance of the pit of the second groove. The first groove and the second groove are in a cylindrical structure, and the diameter of the second groove is slightly larger than the diameter of the conduit 3, which can prevent the micro-hydrogen production mineral particles 2 from entering the conduit 3 and blocking the gap between the water injection pipe assembly 4 and the conduit 3, thereby causing obstruction to the insertion and extraction of the water injection pipe assembly 4.

[0063] With the structure of this embodiment, when the water in the dedicated water storage tank 1 gradually decreases, the function of the first groove is to gather the residual water in the groove, enabling the ultrasonic water mist generator to continue to work efficiently. Since the depth of the groove is the same as the height of the water mist generator, when the water in the dedicated water storage tank is almost exhausted, the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 will sink into the groove, ensuring that the water mist generator can make full use of the water volume in the tank to extend the working time of the device. This ensures that when the water volume in the dedicated water storage tank is close to exhaustion, the device can still maintain a certain output, guaranteeing the continuous operation of the system and avoiding the problem of incomplete atomization due to too low water volume. The distribution position of the second fine holes at the bottom of the water injection pipe is flush with the entrance of the concave pit of the second groove. This arrangement can prevent the hydrogen generated in the water storage tank 2 from escaping to the outside atmosphere through the water injection pipe.

[0064] Embodiment 5

[0065] Based on Embodiment 4, the engine energy-saving device further includes a mist one-way valve 10, a solenoid valve 12, and a mist output pipe. The two ends of the mist output pipe are respectively connected to the first air outlet of the dedicated water storage tank 1 and the engine intake pipe 14. On the mist output pipe, a mist one-way valve 10 and a solenoid valve 12 are sequentially arranged from the first air outlet end to the engine intake pipe 14 end. The solenoid valve 12 is connected to the engine controller 11 through a signal line. A throttle valve 13 is provided on the engine intake pipe 14. The connection end of the mist output pipe and the engine intake pipe 14 is located at the rear end of the air entering the throttle valve 13, and after being mixed with the air in the engine intake pipe 14, it enters the cylinder 15 together to participate in the thermal cycle, and the supply of the mist is controlled according to the corresponding control method.

[0066] The engine energy-saving device further includes an exhaust temperature sensor 16, a throttle sensor, and a tail gas oxygen concentration sensor 17. The throttle sensor is installed on the throttle valve 13 to directly monitor the opening and position of the throttle valve. By detecting the change in the opening of the throttle valve, data is transmitted to the engine controller 11. In this way, the engine controller 11 can adjust the intake air volume and fuel supply according to the opening of the throttle valve, thereby optimizing the performance and emission level of the engine. The exhaust temperature sensor 16 and the tail gas oxygen concentration sensor 17 are installed on the exhaust pipe. The exhaust temperature sensor 16 is used to monitor the exhaust temperature in real time. The exhaust temperature sensor 16 provides exhaust temperature data to the engine controller 11 to adjust relevant parameters according to the temperature, ensuring that the engine operates within a suitable temperature range, thereby optimizing the combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. The tail gas oxygen concentration sensor 17 is used to measure the oxygen concentration in the tail gas. The oxygen concentration data is sent to the engine controller 11 to help determine whether the combustion is complete and adjust the fuel injection volume to optimize the combustion effect and reduce emissions. The tail gas oxygen concentration sensor 17 and the exhaust temperature sensor 16 work together to provide important feedback on the combustion process.

[0067] With the structure of this embodiment, through the connection between the solenoid valve 12 and the engine controller 11, the controller can accurately control the supply amounts of hydrogen and water mist according to the operating state of the engine (such as load, speed, etc.). This enables the supply of hydrogen and water mist to be adjusted in real time according to actual needs, avoiding excessive supply or waste of hydrogen, improving the combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. The design of the mist check valve 10 ensures that hydrogen and water mist can only flow into the engine intake pipe 14 unidirectionally, preventing gas from flowing back into the dedicated water storage tank 1 or other system components, ensuring the safety and reliability of the device, especially in the case of engine backfire or pressure fluctuations in the intake pipe. Hydrogen and air are mixed after the throttle valve 13 and then enter the cylinder 15. Since the combustion speed of hydrogen is faster than that of conventional fuel, it can promote the full combustion of fuel, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and reducing harmful emissions caused by incomplete combustion, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC). At the same time, the exhaust gas temperature sensor 16 and the exhaust gas oxygen concentration sensor 17 cooperate with the adjustment of the engine controller to provide real-time exhaust gas temperature and oxygen concentration data, further optimizing the combustion process to ensure that the combustion occurs in the best state, achieving higher energy efficiency and lower emission levels.

[0068] Embodiment 6

[0069] Combining the above Embodiments 1 - 5, the present invention describes an implementation method of an engine energy-saving device for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles. In this method, the engine controller 11 makes decisions on the working states of the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 and the solenoid valve 12 based on the exhaust gas temperature sensor 16, the throttle sensor, and the exhaust gas oxygen concentration sensor 17.

[0070] The method includes:

[0071] Step 1: Build an engine test bench and install the engine energy-saving device on the engine. Calibrate it under different working conditions to determine the supply amounts of the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture that meet the engine performance requirements or comply with the predetermined emission standards. Generate a solenoid valve opening control MAP according to the calibration results and store this MAP in the engine controller.

[0072] The purpose of Step 1 is to accurately calibrate the supply amounts of the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture that can meet the engine performance requirements or reach the predetermined emission standards under different working conditions by building an engine test bench and installing the engine energy-saving device, thereby optimizing the supply strategy of hydrogen and water mist. By generating and storing the solenoid valve opening control MAP, the engine controller can accurately control the supply amounts, achieve efficient combustion, improve fuel economy, and reduce harmful emissions.

[0073] It should be noted that the Electromagnetic Valve Opening Control MAP is a mapping table between the opening of the electromagnetic valve and the supply amount set according to the operating conditions of the engine (such as load, speed, etc.). By recording the optimal opening position of the electromagnetic valve under different operating conditions, it controls the supply amounts of hydrogen and water mist to ensure that the engine can achieve the best combustion effect and emission performance under various operating conditions. Through the connection with the engine controller, this MAP enables the electromagnetic valve to adjust the opening according to real-time data, thereby dynamically regulating the supply of hydrogen and water mist, optimizing the combustion efficiency and reducing emissions.

[0074] Specifically, first, set up an engine test bench for testing to ensure that it has sufficient load-bearing capacity and stability to support the installation and operation of the engine and related equipment. Engine test bench tests need to use specialized engine test bench test equipment in the laboratory, including sensors that can accurately measure engine performance parameters and a computer control system. The sensors include torque sensors, temperature sensors, exhaust gas analyzers, oxygen concentration sensors, etc., which are used to collect engine performance and emission data. The computer control system is used to record and process test data in real time. Install and adjust the intake and exhaust equipment to simulate the operating conditions of different working conditions (idle speed, part load, full load, etc.). Fix the engine to the test bench and connect the energy-saving device composed of an ultrasonic water mist generator, a hydrogen supply device, an electromagnetic valve, a mist check valve, etc. Check the tightness of all connecting pipelines to ensure that there is no leakage in the water mist and hydrogen supply systems, and calibrate the working states of relevant equipment.

[0075] The test variables of the engine test bench test include the water mist supply amount, the hydrogen supply amount, and the engine load and speed. During the experiment, by adjusting the working frequency and output of the ultrasonic water mist generator, the engine performance data under different water mist supply conditions are obtained. By controlling the reaction rate of the mineral particle hydrogen production device or the opening of the supply channel, the hydrogen supply amount is adjusted, and the influence on the combustion efficiency and emissions is recorded. Adjust the engine operating parameters, such as speed and load, to cover the common operating condition range, including idle speed, part load, and full load states: the speed increment is set to 200 r / min to gradually increase the engine speed for testing. The load increment is set to 5% of the external characteristic torque to simulate the actual operating conditions from idle speed to full load.

[0076] At each working condition point, adjust the following variables:

[0077] Water mist supply amount: By adjusting the working frequency and output of the ultrasonic water mist generator, test the engine performance and emission data under different water mist supply conditions.

[0078] Hydrogen supply: By adjusting the reaction rate of the hydrogen production device with mineral particles or the opening degree of the supply channel, the combustion efficiency and emissions under different hydrogen supply conditions are tested.

[0079] Use precision instruments to record in real time the main parameters of the engine under different water mist and hydrogen supply amounts, including fuel consumption rate, emission data, engine output power, and exhaust temperature. The fuel consumption rate measures the fuel consumption per unit time. The emission data records the concentrations of harmful substances such as NOx, CO2, and HC in the exhaust gas. The engine output power measures the output power of the engine under different loads. The exhaust temperature monitors the temperature change of the exhaust system to evaluate the combustion state.

[0080] Based on the test data, generate a solenoid valve opening control MAP. The specific process includes: taking the engine speed and load as input variables and the supply amounts of water mist and hydrogen as output variables to establish a multi-dimensional mapping relationship. Each MAP unit records the optimal opening position of the solenoid valve under specific working conditions, as well as the corresponding supply amounts of water mist and hydrogen.

[0081] Determine the control strategy of the MAP: Under high load conditions, increase the hydrogen supply amount to enhance the combustion efficiency; under low load conditions, reduce the supply amount to reduce unnecessary energy consumption and waste.

[0082] Load the generated control MAP into the engine controller and write a control program: The control program enables the engine controller to detect in real time the working condition parameters such as speed and load, quickly look up the table and output corresponding control instructions. Through the signal connection with the solenoid valve, dynamically adjust the supply amounts of water mist and hydrogen. Verify the applicability of the MAP through multiple tests, and optimize its response speed and accuracy under special working conditions (such as sudden acceleration or sudden deceleration). Adjust the algorithm of the control program (such as PID control) to improve the stability and accuracy of the supply adjustment, and ensure that the engine achieves the best combustion effect within the full working condition range.

[0083] Step 2: Based on the signals real-time feedback by the speed sensor, throttle sensor, exhaust temperature sensor, and exhaust gas oxygen concentration sensor, the engine controller looks up the control MAP to obtain the solenoid valve opening control value corresponding to the supply amount of the water mist and hydrogen mixture that meets the engine performance requirements or conforms to the predetermined emission standards under the current working condition.

[0084] The purpose of Step 2 is to monitor the operating state of the engine in real time through sensors, and use the feedback data as the basis for looking up the control MAP, so that the engine controller (ECU) can accurately obtain the solenoid valve opening control value corresponding to the optimal supply amount of the water mist and hydrogen mixture under the current working condition, thereby dynamically adjusting the supply strategy to ensure that the engine achieves efficient combustion, optimized performance, and reduced emissions under various working conditions.

[0085] Specifically, all sensor data is transmitted to the engine controller via the CAN bus.

[0086] The speed sensor is installed at the engine crankshaft or flywheel position to monitor the rotational speed of the crankshaft in real time and transmit the r / min (revolutions per minute) data to the ECU. The speed signal reflects the load status and operating speed of the engine and serves as an important reference for adjusting the water mist and hydrogen supply amounts to ensure efficient combustion of the engine under different loads. The throttle sensor is installed at the throttle position to monitor the opening angle of the throttle and send the throttle opening percentage data to the ECU. The throttle signal indicates the driver's throttle input, directly affecting the intake air volume and fuel demand. This signal is used to dynamically adjust the water mist and hydrogen supply to match the fuel combustion demand and achieve the best combustion efficiency. The exhaust temperature sensor is installed in the exhaust pipe to measure the exhaust temperature and transmit the temperature data to the ECU in real time. The exhaust temperature signal reflects the thermal state in the combustion chamber and is an important basis for controlling the water mist supply amount. Through the temperature signal, the water mist amount can be adjusted to reduce high temperature and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions while optimizing the combustion efficiency. The exhaust gas oxygen concentration sensor is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe to detect the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and feedback the oxygen concentration signal to the ECU to determine whether the combustion is complete and assist in the fuel adjustment strategy.

[0087] Each sensor transmits the collected signals to the engine controller in the form of voltage, current, or digital signals. The signal processing module in the ECU calibrates and filters the data of each sensor to eliminate noise interference and ensure the accuracy and real-time nature of the data.

[0088] The ECU uses the processed sensor signals as input variables (lookup quantities), such as speed, load, exhaust temperature, and exhaust gas oxygen concentration. According to the structure of the control MAP (multi-dimensional mapping table), using the input variables as indexes, the supply amount data of the water mist and hydrogen mixture corresponding to the current working condition is found. The output value of each unit in the MAP includes the water mist supply amount, hydrogen supply amount, and solenoid valve opening degree. The water mist supply amount is used to optimize the atomization degree and supply rate of the water mist according to the engine combustion demand. The hydrogen supply amount is used to determine the optimal hydrogen ratio to improve the combustion efficiency and reduce harmful emissions. The solenoid valve opening degree corresponds to the control instruction for the supply amount and is used to dynamically adjust the opening degree of the solenoid valve.

[0089] Based on the lookup result of the MAP, the ECU generates a solenoid valve opening degree control instruction and sends the instruction to the solenoid valve control module via a signal line. After receiving the instruction, the solenoid valve precisely adjusts the opening degree to achieve the supply amount of the water mist and hydrogen mixture matching the current working condition.

[0090] As the engine operating conditions change in real time (such as fluctuations in speed, load, or exhaust temperature), the sensor continuously feeds back the latest data, and the ECU dynamically searches for the control MAP. The ECU adjusts the solenoid valve opening according to the real-time data to ensure that the water mist and hydrogen supply always match the engine's demand. Through closed-loop control, it is ensured that the system can achieve optimized combustion and emissions under different operating conditions such as idle speed, partial load, and high load.

[0091] Step 3: The engine controller continuously monitors the water volume in the water storage tank based on the liquid level sensor. When the water volume is sufficient, it sets the supply volume of the water mist and hydrogen mixture according to the engine speed and load, and adjusts its working intensity by regulating the supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator; when the water volume is insufficient, it stops the power supply and triggers a water replenishment reminder.

[0092] The purpose of Step 3 is to ensure that the ultrasonic water mist generator accurately adjusts the supply volume of the water mist and the working intensity of the generator according to the engine operating conditions (such as speed and load) when the water volume in the water storage tank is sufficient by continuously monitoring the water volume in the water storage tank, so as to achieve the best combustion effect, improve the engine performance and reduce emissions; at the same time, when the water volume is insufficient, stop the water mist supply in time and issue a water replenishment reminder to avoid abnormal operation or damage of the device and improve the safety and reliability of the system.

[0093] Step 3 includes:

[0094] Step 3.1: Liquid level monitoring and start condition judgment.

[0095] The engine controller analyzes the sensor data in real time (including speed, throttle opening, exhaust temperature, and electronic throttle opening) to continuously monitor the water level height of the water storage tank and judge whether the working conditions of the ultrasonic water mist generator are met. When the water volume in the water storage tank is sufficient, the engine controller combines the parameters such as speed, load, and exhaust temperature with the start condition logic expression:

[0096] The start condition of the ultrasonic water mist generator can be described by a logic expression:

[0097]

[0098] Where: represents the working state of the ultrasonic water mist generator, 1 means start, and 0 means off; represents the engine speed (r / min, revolutions per minute); represents the set speed threshold; represents the exhaust temperature (°C); represents the set temperature threshold.

[0099] When condition 1 is met, the engine controller starts the ultrasonic water mist generator; when the water storage tank level is insufficient or other conditions are not met, the engine controller stops the power supply of the ultrasonic water mist generator, triggers a water replenishment prompt, and stores and outputs relevant status signals to avoid abnormal operation of the device due to insufficient water volume.

[0100] Step 3.2: Regulate the water mist intensity according to the PWM signal.

[0101] After the ultrasonic water mist generator is started, the engine controller adjusts the supply current according to the settings in the control MAP through the PWM signal (Pulse Width Modulation signal), dynamically adjusts the vibration intensity of the ultrasonic water mist generator, and thus accurately controls the water mist generation amount. The specific process is as follows:

[0102] 1. Real-time collect the operating condition data of the engine (such as speed, load, exhaust temperature, etc.), and find the current required water mist supply amount through the control MAP and vibration intensity .

[0103] It should be noted that the engine controller continuously receives sensor data (such as speed, load, exhaust temperature, etc.), and determines the current operating condition of the engine based on these parameters. The engine controller uses these operating condition parameters as indexes to find the corresponding water mist supply amount and vibration intensity setting values in the control MAP. For example, if the engine is operating at a high load and a high exhaust temperature, the control MAP may provide a relatively high water mist supply amount. According to the water mist supply amount and vibration intensity setting values obtained from the look-up table, the engine controller calculates the supply current required for the ultrasonic water mist generator, converts the supply current into a PWM signal, and controls the vibration intensity of the water mist generator by adjusting the duty cycle of the signal. The higher the duty cycle, the greater the vibration intensity of the water mist generator, and the more water mist is generated; the lower the duty cycle, the smaller the vibration intensity and the less water mist is generated. The engine controller continuously looks up the control MAP and adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signal to maintain the optimal water mist generation rate.

[0104] The water mist amount generated by the ultrasonic water mist generator per unit time can be expressed as follows:

[0105]

[0106] In the formula: represents the water mist amount generated per unit time (unit: L / s or g / s), that is, the target water mist amount generated through the PWM signal; represents the water mist amount generated per unit vibration frequency, which is a proportional coefficient determined through experiments; Represents the vibration frequency of the water mist generator (unit: Hz).

[0107] It should be noted that to determine the experimental method is as follows: Operate the ultrasonic water mist generator at different vibration frequencies f, and use a precise flow meter or weighing device to measure the target water mist amount corresponding to each frequency , and plot the relationship curve between the frequency f and the target water mist amount . Assuming a linear relationship between the two, calculate the slope through linear fitting, that is, the water mist amount generated per unit vibration frequency.

[0108] 2. The PWM duty cycle D represents the percentage of the vibration intensity, that is, the ratio of f to the maximum vibration frequency . Calculate the duty cycle D of the PWM signal:

[0109]

[0110] It should be noted that usually the operating frequency range of the ultrasonic water mist generator, including the maximum vibration frequency, is provided in the technical specifications of the equipment manufacturer.

[0111] Use closed-loop control logic: The engine controller continuously monitors the deviation e(t) = between the actual supply flow rate and the target value -[[]]END]] , and adopt the PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the PWM signal duty cycle D to make approach , ensuring the stability of the water mist supply amount. The output formula of the PID controller is:

[0112]

[0113] Where is the duty cycle at the current moment; , , are the proportional, integral, and differential gain coefficients (obtained through experimental debugging); is the deviation between the actual supply flow rate and the target value; is the cumulative deviation, used to eliminate the steady-state error; is the deviation change rate, used to improve the dynamic response.

[0114] When the working conditions change drastically (such as sudden changes in engine speed or load), directly changing the duty cycle may cause fluctuations in the supply amount. Therefore, a smooth adjustment area is set, and the linear interpolation method is used to gradually adjust the target supply amount for a smooth transition.

[0115] The assumed operating condition changes at time and the new target supply amount is . The linear interpolation formula is:

[0116] , where t

[0117] Among them, is the target supply amount before the change; is the target supply amount after the change; T is the interpolation time period, which is used to control the speed of smooth adjustment.

[0118] Set the interpolation constraint:

[0119] When t < , ; when t ≥ , .

[0120] Furthermore, according to the smoothly adjusted target supply amount , calculate the vibration frequency and the corresponding duty cycle :

[0121]

[0122] =

[0123] Among them, is the proportionality coefficient between the water mist generation amount and the vibration frequency; is the maximum vibration frequency.

[0124] Generate a PWM signal according to the adjusted to control the ultrasonic water mist generator and achieve dynamic closed-loop adjustment to avoid the influence of supply fluctuations on the engine performance.

[0125] Step 3.3: Solenoid valve opening control.

[0126] The engine controller determines the target hydrogen supply amount by looking up the MAP according to the current operating condition, and calculates the opening A of the solenoid valve:

[0127]

[0128] In the formula: represents the opening of the solenoid valve (percentage, %); represents the hydrogen supply amount set in the MAP; represents the flow coefficient of the solenoid valve, that is, the water mist flow that the solenoid valve can provide at a specific opening, usually calibrated through experiments.

[0129] The engine controller generates a PWM signal, dynamically adjusts the solenoid valve supply current according to the opening demand, and monitors the actual supply flow rate in real time and the target hydrogen supply volume deviation. The closed-loop control logic is adopted to adjust the duty cycle D of the PWM signal to ensure that the gas supply volume of the solenoid valve is always consistent with the current operating condition requirements. Under low load or other special conditions, the engine controller reduces the hydrogen supply volume by reducing the opening of the solenoid valve to avoid energy waste. When the operating condition changes violently, a smooth transition adjustment strategy is adopted, combined with the control MAP and the current feedback signal, to gradually optimize the opening of the solenoid valve and maintain the stability and efficiency of the gas supply.

[0130] For example, the data collected by the sensor includes an engine speed of 3500 r / min, a throttle opening of 80%, and an exhaust gas temperature of 700°C. The engine control system identifies that the engine is in a high-load operating condition based on this data, looks up the control MAP, and obtains the required hydrogen supply volume of 2.0 L / s. Assuming that the flow coefficient of the solenoid valve is 0.05, the solenoid valve opening A is calculated to be 40% through calculation. The engine controller generates a PWM signal with a duty cycle of 40% to control the solenoid valve opening, so that more hydrogen is supplied to the engine to improve the combustion efficiency.

[0131] Step 4: The engine controller continuously detects the exhaust gas temperature T and the excess air coefficient λ. When T exceeds the set maximum limit value and λ is lower than the minimum limit value, it is adjusted by increasing the supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator and the opening of the solenoid valve until λ reaches the set value of λ = 1 and T returns below the limit value, or the adjustment amount reaches the upper limit. At the same time, the detection signal is fed back to the controller to form a closed-loop control.

[0132] The purpose of Step 4 is to dynamically adjust the supply volume of the water mist and hydrogen mixture by continuously detecting the exhaust gas temperature T and the excess air coefficient λ, ensuring that the engine can quickly return to a safe and efficient operating state under high load or abnormal operating conditions. Through the closed-loop control logic, the supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator and the opening of the solenoid valve are accurately adjusted to avoid thermal damage caused by excessive exhaust gas temperature and incomplete combustion caused by too low excess air coefficient, thereby optimizing the combustion efficiency, reducing energy consumption and emissions, and achieving the best energy-saving effect and safety performance of the engine operation.

[0133] Specifically, the temperature sensor installed in the exhaust pipe continuously monitors the exhaust gas temperature T. The sensor converts T into an electrical signal and transmits it to the engine controller (ECU). The detection range of the exhaust gas temperature T is usually 0°C to 1000°C, and the resolution is controlled within ±1°C.

[0134] Detect the oxygen content in the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas oxygen concentration sensor and calculate the excess air coefficient:

[0135]

[0136] When λ < 1, it indicates that the mixture is too rich; when λ > 1, it indicates that the mixture is too lean. The oxygen concentration detection accuracy of the sensor needs to be within the range of ±0.01 to ensure the accuracy of real-time feedback.

[0137] Set the control objectives and limit conditions:

[0138] Control objective: The exhaust gas temperature T is controlled below the set maximum limit value (usually set to 800 °C). The excess air coefficient λ is controlled above the minimum limit value (usually set to λ = 1).

[0139] Limit condition: When the adjustment amount of the water mist and hydrogen supply reaches the maximum capacity of the equipment operation, the system stops adjusting and issues a warning signal.

[0140] Furthermore, the closed-loop control of the adjustment parameters:

[0141] First, calculate the exhaust gas temperature deviation and the excess air coefficient deviation , , When > 0 and > 0, start the adjustment logic. Otherwise, maintain the current supply amount.

[0142] The adjustment logic includes the adjustment of the water mist supply amount and the hydrogen supply amount.

[0143] The adjustment of the water mist supply amount is based on and Increase the supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator. The adjustment formula is:

[0144]

[0145] Among them, is the new supply current; is the current supply current; and are the adjustment gain coefficients of the exhaust gas temperature and the excess air coefficient respectively.

[0146] The adjustment of the hydrogen supply amount is to increase the solenoid valve opening:

[0147]

[0148] Among them, is the new solenoid valve opening; is the current solenoid valve opening; is the gain coefficient related to the excess air ratio.

[0149] Set the maximum supply capacity limit: ≤ , ≤ . When the supply amount reaches the upper limit and still cannot meet the control target, a warning signal is triggered.

[0150] Furthermore, determine the closed-loop control logic. The system continuously detects the new exhaust gas temperature T and the excess air ratio , and updates the deviation and . Repeat the adjustment logic until T ≤ and ≥ . Use the PID control algorithm to reduce the oscillation during the adjustment process and improve the dynamic response ability:

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] The exception handling mechanism includes the exception handling for sensor failures and supply capacity overlimits. When the detection signals of the exhaust gas temperature sensor or the oxygen concentration sensor are abnormal (such as exceeding the physical range or signal loss), the system switches to the default safety mode, stops the supply of water mist and hydrogen, and issues a fault warning. When the supply amount reaches the maximum capacity of the equipment and cannot meet the control target, an alarm is triggered to prompt the user to check the engine operating status.

[0154] Example 7

[0155] This example uses a naturally aspirated gasoline engine with a medium displacement. The specific configuration is a four-cylinder in-line internal combustion engine with a displacement of 2.0 liters, a maximum power of 110 kW (150 hp), a compression ratio of 10.5:1, a liquid-cooled cooling system, and a port fuel injection (PFI) fuel injection method. In order to study the influence of ultrasonic water mist and water hydrogen production technology on the engine performance, the engine performance was tested with and without installing this energy-saving device.

[0156] Experimental method: In a laboratory environment, install the engine on a test bench and ensure that all sensors and measuring instruments are correctly connected. Connect the fuel supply system and check the engine status to ensure there is no oil leakage or other abnormalities. The energy-saving device is installed as follows: Integrate the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen production device with mineral particles into the engine intake system, check the power supply and water connection of the device, and ensure that the ultrasonic water mist generator and micro-hydrogen production mineral particles are in the best working condition. Debug the device to ensure its stable operation under different engine conditions. Compare and test the power performance, fuel economy, and exhaust temperature of the engine at different speeds (1000 - 6000 r / min).

[0157] The torque test process includes: Setting the speed range: Gradually adjust the engine speed to the experimentally set range (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000 r / min). Keep the engine running stably for a period of time at each speed point, measure the output torque through a torque sensor, and record the data. Repeat the test 3 times for each data point to obtain the average value and reduce errors. Compare the torque data with and without the installed device to analyze the impact of the device on power performance.

[0158] The fuel consumption rate test process includes: Measuring the fuel consumption rate (g / kW·h) of the engine at each speed point using a high-precision flowmeter. Ensure that there are no fluctuations in the fuel supply system to guarantee the accuracy of the measurement data. Record the fuel consumption data with and without the installed device and calculate the energy-saving rate of both.

[0159] The exhaust temperature test includes: Install a high-precision temperature sensor at the engine exhaust port to monitor the exhaust temperature in real time. To improve data accuracy, use a high-temperature-resistant sensor to avoid environmental temperature interference. Run the engine at each speed and record the data after the exhaust temperature stabilizes. Repeat the data collection 3 times for each speed point to ensure stability.

[0160] The water consumption test process includes: Measuring the water consumption of the device through a water flow sensor and recording the water consumption data at each speed point. Ensure that the water mist generator is working properly and the water mist particles are evenly distributed. Gradually increase the engine speed and monitor the change in water consumption to analyze the water consumption characteristics of the device under different loads.

[0161] Finally, organize and summarize all the experimental data, calculate the torque increase, the percentage reduction in fuel consumption rate, the decrease in exhaust temperature, and the water consumption change law. The experimental data is shown in Table 1.

[0162] Table 1

[0163]

[0164] From Table 1 we can see that:

[0165] Torque (N•m) comparison results: At all test speeds, the engine torque increased after installing the energy-saving device of this application, especially in the medium and high speed range. For example: at 5000 r / min, it was 183.0N•m when the device was not installed, and it was 191.8 N•m after the device was installed, an increase of 8.8 N•m (about 4.8%). At 3500 r / min, it was 169.8 N•m when the device was not installed, and it was 176.5 N•m after the device was installed, an increase of 6.7 N•m (about 3.9%). The increase in torque shows that the energy-saving device improves the combustion efficiency, and the auxiliary combustion of hydrogen improves the heat energy conversion rate, so that the engine can output more power under the same working conditions, especially at medium and high speeds.

[0166] Fuel consumption rate (g / kW·h) comparison results: After installing the energy-saving device of this application, the fuel consumption rate of the engine is significantly reduced, especially at high speed. For example: at 6000 r / min, it is 337.2g / kW·h when the device is not installed, and it is 265.9 g / kW·h after the device is installed, which is a decrease of 71.3 g / kW·h (about 21.1%). At 4500 r / min, it is 300.6 g / kW·h when the device is not installed, and it is 244.3 g / kW·h after the device is installed, which is a decrease of 56.3 g / kW·h (about 18.7%). The reduction in fuel consumption rate shows that the device significantly improves fuel utilization. The participation of hydrogen makes combustion more complete and reduces fuel waste. At the same time, the cooling effect of water mist reduces knocking, which helps to improve overall fuel economy.

[0167] Comparison results of exhaust temperature (K): The exhaust temperature decreased overall, especially in the high speed range. For example, at 6000 r / min, it was 1048.1 K without the device installed, and 1018.0 K after the device was installed, a decrease of 30.1 K. At 4000 r / min, it was 1002.9 K without the device installed, and 990.4 K after the device was installed, a decrease of 12.5 K. The decrease in exhaust temperature shows that the vaporization heat absorption effect of water mist is significant, which reduces the temperature in the combustion chamber, thereby reducing the risk of knocking and improving emission characteristics. This cooling effect has positive significance for the long-term operation and environmental performance of the engine.

[0168] Analysis result of water consumption (kg / h): The water consumption gradually increases from 0.6 kg / h at 1000 r / min to 7.4 kg / h at 6000 r / min, showing a water mist output that matches the engine load. The water consumption increases with the increase in speed, indicating that the device can dynamically adjust the water mist output according to the engine load to ensure sufficient cooling effect and combustion optimization at high loads.

[0169] In the engine energy-saving control method of the present invention, under different operating states of the engine, the controller comprehensively considers the speed, load (feedback through throttle opening), and exhaust temperature, and dynamically adjusts the supply of the hydrogen and water mist mixture. Hydrogen supply may be increased at high loads and low speeds to improve combustion efficiency, while under high-temperature and high-load conditions, the amount of water mist is increased to cool the combustion chamber and control emissions. The whole process is automated to ensure that the engine can maintain efficient combustion and low emissions under different operating conditions.

[0170] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific structures and characteristics known in the solutions is not described in detail here. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. An engine energy-saving device for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles, characterized in that: The invention comprises a special water storage tank (1), micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles (2) and an ultrasonic water mist generator (9); a permeable partition (7) is provided in the special water storage tank (1), and the permeable partition (7) divides the special water storage tank (1) into an ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen-producing chamber; the special water storage tank (1) contains water, and the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles (2) are placed at the bottom of the mineral particle hydrogen-producing chamber, and the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles (2) are used to react with water to generate hydrogen; the special water storage tank (1) is provided with a first air outlet connected to an engine air intake pipe and a second air outlet connected to the atmospheric environment; The ultrasonic water mist generator (9) is located 3 mm to 5 mm below the liquid level of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber of the dedicated water storage tank (1), and is used to atomize liquid water into gaseous water mist at room temperature, so that the generated water mist and hydrogen are sucked into the cylinder through the first air outlet during the engine intake process and participate in work as a working medium; The dedicated water storage tank (1) further comprises a conduit (3) and a water injection pipe assembly (4); the bottom of the conduit (3) is inserted into the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber through the second gas outlet; the bottom of the water injection pipe assembly (4) is inserted into the conduit (3) and the top thereof extends out from the second gas outlet; the outlet end is funnel-shaped, and an air filter (6) is installed at the columnar portion of the end; the water injection pipe assembly (4) comprises an upper water injection pipe (401), a lower water injection pipe (402) and a one-way valve (403); the upper water injection pipe (401) and the lower water injection pipe (402) are connected via the one-way valve (403); the air filter (6) is installed at the top of the upper water injection pipe and is used to filter the air entering the dedicated water storage tank (1); the one-way valve (403) is used to prevent the water in the dedicated water storage tank (1) from being squeezed out due to excessive pressure in the tank; It also includes a mist output pipe, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the first air outlet and the engine air intake pipe, and the connection end of the mist output pipe and the engine air intake pipe is located behind the engine throttle.

2. The engine energy saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic water mist generator (9) is located in the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and has a built-in liquid level sensor; the first air outlet is located at the top of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and is sealed by a mist outlet bottle cap (8); the top of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber is provided with a second air outlet and is sealed by a hydrogen production chamber bottle cap (5).

3. The engine energy saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable partition (7) is provided with neatly arranged fine pores, the pore diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles (2), so as to facilitate the free passage of water mist and gas.

4. The engine energy saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottoms of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the mineral particle hydrogen producing chamber are respectively provided with a first groove and a second groove, and the ultrasonic water mist generator (9) is seated in the first groove.

5. The engine energy saving device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of fine holes are arranged on the wall of the conduit (3), the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the hydrogen-producing mineral particles. The bottom end of the conduit (3) is seated in the second groove, and the top end of the conduit (3) is inserted into the bottle mouth of the hydrogen-producing chamber but does not extend out of the bottle mouth.

6. The engine energy saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a mist check valve (10) and a solenoid valve (12), wherein the mist check valve (10) and the solenoid valve (12) are arranged in sequence on the mist output pipe from the first air outlet end to the engine air intake pipe end.

7. A method for implementing the engine energy saving device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Specifically include: Step 1: Build an engine test bench and install the engine energy-saving device on the engine. Calibrate under different working conditions to determine the supply amount of the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture that meets the engine performance requirements or meets the predetermined emission standards. Generate a solenoid valve opening control MAP based on the calibration results and store the MAP in the engine controller. Step 2: The engine controller searches for the control MAP based on the real-time feedback signals from the speed sensor, throttle sensor, exhaust temperature sensor and exhaust oxygen concentration sensor, and obtains the solenoid valve opening control value corresponding to the water mist and hydrogen mixture supply amount that meets the engine performance requirements or meets the predetermined emission standards under the current working conditions; Step 3: The engine controller monitors the water level in the water tank in real time based on the liquid level sensor. When the water level is sufficient, the supply amount of the water mist and hydrogen mixture is set according to the engine speed and load, and the working intensity of the ultrasonic water mist generator is adjusted by regulating the power supply current; when the water level is insufficient, the power supply is stopped and a water replenishment prompt is triggered; Step 4: The engine controller detects the exhaust temperature T and the excess air coefficient λ in real time. When T exceeds the set upper limit and λ is lower than the lower limit, it adjusts by increasing the power supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator and the opening of the solenoid valve until λ reaches the set value λ=1 and T recovers below the limit, or the adjustment amount reaches the upper limit. At the same time, the detection signal is fed back to the controller to form a closed-loop control.

Images