Self-driven plasma jet ignition combustion-supporting system and method

Abstract

According to the self-driven plasma jet ignition combustion-supporting system and method, a liquid fuel supply unit provides fuel for the jet ignition combustion-supporting system, and the fuel enters a heating buffer tank through a main electromagnetic valve and then is divided into two paths to be buffered through electromagnetic valves and enter a plasma cavity through the electromagnetic valves; fuel passing through the buffer tank sequentially passes through the buffer tank and the electromagnetic valve to enter the plasma cavity, fuel gas entering the plasma cavity forms jet plasma between the central electrode and the plasma shell, the pre-combustion chamber is ignited to form jet flame, and the air supplementing opening supplements air and fuel mixture for the pre-combustion chamber. The power supply is respectively connected with the central electrode and grounded to provide plasma forming conditions and energy for the jet plasma, and the medium is used for isolating the central electrode and the plasma shell and guiding the discharge gas, so that the stability adjustment of the plasma is realized. The method has the advantages of being high in scene adaptability, free of carbon emission, efficient, easy to expand and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of energy application, and in particular relates to a self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system and method. Background Art

[0002] Greenhouse gas emissions have led to global warming and sea level rise, which has endangered the safety of the world. The internal combustion engine is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. It is also the most widely used power device with high thermal efficiency, high power density per unit volume and unit weight. It is widely used in mobile devices such as automobiles, locomotives, ships, agricultural machinery, engineering machinery and military vehicles. The internal combustion engine uses traditional fossil fuels to burn and produces a large amount of CO2 and pollutants. Its development faces huge challenges and it is urgent to find clean and efficient alternative fuels.

[0003] Hydrogen energy is an efficient, clean, carbon-free fuel, but its storage, transportation and safety are still bottlenecks in its development. Hydrogen and nitrogen obtained from the atmosphere are synthesized into ammonia through the Haber process (HB). Ammonia is used as a high-quality hydrogen storage and energy storage carrier. It is easy to liquefy for transportation and storage, and has high safety. It is widely regarded as a more promising clean fuel. However, ammonia has low chemical activity, poor combustion characteristics, high ignition point (651 ℃), high ignition energy (8 mJ), low flame combustion speed (10 cm / s), and low calorific value (18.8 MJ / kg). When used, it requires a high compression ratio or external ignition trigger to ensure that the mixture is ignited. The combustion characteristics of ammonia can be improved by adding combustion aids (oxygen-enriched combustion, hydrogen (hydrogen or ammonia cracking to produce hydrogen), natural gas, diesel and other hydrocarbon fuels), but this method still has practical problems.

[0004] How to achieve efficient combustion in the engine is also a problem that has long plagued the engine field. The traditional engine ignition method is spark ignition, but the spark ignition method has a small ignition range and low energy. The multi-point ignition method in the form of a pre-combustion chamber effectively increases the ignition area, but the plasma used is still a traditional spark plug igniter, which fails to fundamentally solve the engine's needs for efficient and large-area ignition. In particular, there is still a large need for technological innovation in the use of engines fueled by ammonia. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve the plasma ignition energy and effective ignition area, and at the same time increase the service life of the igniter, the present invention provides a self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system and method, which utilizes the thermal effect, transport effect, and kinetic effect of jet plasma to accelerate the chemical reaction in the combustion chamber. The ignition energy is large, and the ignition and flameout limits can be effectively expanded, the reliability and stability of ignition can be improved, and the ignition and stable combustion of fuels with low combustion characteristics can be directly realized. Multiple jets are used to form a larger ignition area, thereby improving combustion efficiency.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] A self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system, comprising a liquid fuel supply unit, a main solenoid valve, a heating buffer tank, a first solenoid valve, a first buffer tank, a second buffer tank, a second solenoid valve, a third solenoid valve, a fourth solenoid valve, a plasma housing, a medium, a pre-combustion chamber, an air supply port, a central electrode, a power supply, a ground, a temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a cooler;

[0008] The liquid fuel supply unit provides fuel for the system. The fuel enters the heating buffer tank through the main solenoid valve, and then is divided into two paths to enter the second buffer tank through the first solenoid valve and the plasma cavity through the fourth solenoid valve. The fuel passing through the second buffer tank enters the plasma cavity through the first buffer tank and the third solenoid valve in sequence. The fuel gas entering the plasma cavity forms the jet plasma between the central electrode and the plasma shell, ignites the air and fuel mixture in the pre-combustion chamber to form a jet flame, and the air supply port replenishes the air and fuel mixture for the pre-combustion chamber. The power supply is respectively connected to the central electrode and the ground to provide plasma formation conditions and energy for the jet plasma. The medium is used to isolate the central electrode and the plasma shell and guide the discharge gas to achieve state adjustment of the plasma. The main solenoid valve, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are respectively used to control the opening and closing of the corresponding gas circuits; the cooler is used to adjust the temperature and pressure of the gas in the second buffer tank; the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are installed in the heating buffer tank and the first buffer tank, and are respectively used to display the pressures of the heating buffer tank and the first buffer tank; the temperature sensor is installed on the heating buffer tank, and is used to monitor the temperature of the heating buffer tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the power supply may be a direct current, high frequency and high voltage, radio frequency, very high frequency or microwave power supply, and may be a continuous or pulsed power supply, the pulse frequency may be 1 Hz-1 MHz, and the duty cycle may be 0%-100%.

[0010] Further, the jet plasma is related to the power supply and can be arc plasma, microwave plasma, DBD plasma, radio frequency plasma, sliding arc plasma, corona discharge plasma or rotating arc plasma.

[0011] Furthermore, the medium may be a high temperature and high voltage resistant insulating material such as quartz, polytetrafluoroethylene, alumina, zirconia ceramics, bakelite, etc.

[0012] Furthermore, the fuel provided by the liquid fuel supply unit may be zero-carbon fuel, low-carbon fuel or fossil fuel, such as ammonia, methanol, natural gas, gasoline, diesel, liquefied gas, hydrogen, etc.

[0013] Furthermore, the stable working gas pressure of the plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system can be normal pressure, or any pressure between normal pressure and 1 thousand atmospheres, and the number of jet flames can be any value between 1 and 1000.

[0014] Furthermore, the cooler may be gas cooling or liquid cooling, and the heating buffer tank V2 may be heated by electricity or by a high-temperature gas heat source.

[0015] Furthermore, the plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system can be applicable to engines, gas turbines, generators, coal-fired boilers, cement decomposition furnaces, cement kiln converters, gas boilers, ship power systems, metal smelting systems, chemical plants, etc.

[0016] Furthermore, the two fuel paths separated from the heating buffer tank may be supplied to the plasma chamber separately, or the two fuel paths may be supplied to the plasma chamber together.

[0017] The present invention also provides a self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting method, comprising: the fuel provided by the liquid fuel supply unit enters the heating buffer tank via the main solenoid valve control, the first solenoid valve is closed, the temperature and pressure in the tank are increased by heating the heating buffer tank, and after the temperature and pressure in the tank reach the set value, the first solenoid valve or the fourth solenoid valve is opened to allow the fuel in the heating buffer tank to enter the plasma cavity via the fourth solenoid valve, or the fuel in the heating buffer tank enters the second buffer tank via the first solenoid valve and then enters the first buffer tank, and after the second pressure sensor on the first buffer tank reaches the set value, the third solenoid valve is opened, and the fuel enters the plasma cavity again; in the case where the pressure and temperature of the second buffer tank are unbalanced The second buffer tank and the heating buffer tank form a balance through the cooler and the second solenoid valve to achieve the function of adjusting the temperature and pressure of the heating buffer tank and the second buffer tank. The fuel entering the plasma cavity forms a swirl through the medium, and the power supply is started. The fuel forms the jet plasma between the central electrode and the plasma shell, and the jet plasma ignites the fuel-air mixture in the pre-combustion chamber. After the fuel-air mixture is ignited, an instantaneous high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated, and the combustion gas is sprayed to multiple small holes below the pre-combustion chamber to form a jet flame. When the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is formed, the external fuel and air mixture of the pre-combustion chamber is sucked into the pre-combustion chamber through the air supply port to intensify combustion, thereby achieving the effects of jet ignition and combustion support.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention utilizes plasma ignition and combustion-supporting technology to achieve rapid and efficient ignition of fuels with low combustion characteristics;

[0020] 2. The present invention utilizes jet flame to increase ignition energy and effective ignition area;

[0021] 3. The present invention has the advantages of strong scene adaptability, zero carbon emissions, high efficiency, and easy expansion. It is suitable for the ignition and combustion assistance of internal combustion engines, external combustion engines, and burners in application scenarios such as ammonia fuel power, electricity, chemical industry, cement construction, smelting, transportation, and shipping. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system of the present invention.

[0023] Among them, the figure markings are: liquid fuel supply unit Am1, main solenoid valve g1, heating buffer tank V2, first solenoid valve g2, first buffer tank V1, second buffer tank V3, second solenoid valve g3, third solenoid valve g4, fourth solenoid valve g5, plasma shell E2, medium D1, pre-combustion chamber V4, air supply port A1, 1st jet flame f1-nth jet flame fn, center electrode E1, power supply Ep1, ground Ep2, jet plasma pls, temperature sensor T1, first pressure sensor P1, second pressure sensor P2, cooler C1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system of the present invention includes a liquid fuel supply unit Am1, a main solenoid valve g1, a heating buffer tank V2, a first solenoid valve g2, a first buffer tank V1, a second buffer tank V3, a second solenoid valve g3, a third solenoid valve g4, a fourth solenoid valve g5, a plasma shell E2, a medium D1, a pre-combustion chamber V4, an air supply port A1, the first jet flame f1-the nth jet flame fn, a central electrode E1, a power supply Ep1, a ground Ep2, a jet plasma pls, a temperature sensor T1, a first pressure sensor P1, a second pressure sensor P2, and a cooler C1.

[0026] The liquid fuel supply unit Am1 provides fuel for the system. The fuel enters the heating buffer tank V2 through the main electromagnetic valve g1, and then is divided into two paths and enters the second buffer tank V3 through the first electromagnetic valve g2 respectively. The second buffer tank V3 is welded to the outer side of the outlet end of the plasma shell E2, and enters the plasma cavity through the fourth electromagnetic valve g5. The fuel passing through the second buffer tank V3 enters the plasma cavity through the first buffer tank V1 and the third electromagnetic valve g4 in turn. The fuel gas entering the plasma cavity forms the jet plasma pl between the central electrode E1 and the plasma shell E2. s, ignites the air and fuel mixture in the pre-combustion chamber V4 to form the first jet flame f1-the nth jet flame fn, the air supply port A1 is on the upper side of the pre-combustion chamber V4, replenishes the air and fuel mixture for the pre-combustion chamber V4, the power supply Ep1 is respectively connected to the central electrode E1 and the ground Ep2, provides plasma formation conditions and energy for the jet plasma pls, the medium D1 is fixed between the central electrode E1 and the plasma shell E2, and is used to isolate the central electrode E1 and the plasma shell E2 and guide the discharge gas to achieve state adjustment of the plasma pls. The main solenoid valve g1, the first solenoid valve g2, the second solenoid valve g3, the third solenoid valve g4 and the fourth solenoid valve g5 are respectively arranged between the ammonia tank and the heating buffer tank V2, between the heating buffer tank V2 and the second buffer tank V3, between the second buffer tank V3 and the heating buffer tank V2, between the first buffer tank V1 and the plasma chamber, and between the heating buffer tank V2 and the plasma chamber, and are respectively used to control the opening and closing of the corresponding gas circuits. The cooler C1 is arranged between the second buffer tank V3 and the heating buffer tank V2, and is used to adjust the temperature and pressure of the gas in the second buffer tank V3. The first pressure sensor P1 and the second pressure sensor P2 are installed in the heating buffer tank V2 and the first buffer tank V1, and are respectively used to display the pressures of the heating buffer tank V2 and the first buffer tank V1. The temperature sensor T1 is installed on the heating buffer tank V2, and is used to monitor the temperature of the heating buffer tank V2.

[0027] Preferably, the power source Ep1 may be a direct current, high frequency and high voltage, radio frequency, very high frequency or microwave power source, and may be a continuous or pulsed power source, the pulse frequency may be 1 Hz-1 MHz, and the duty cycle may be 0%-100%.

[0028] Preferably, the jet plasma pls can be arc plasma, microwave plasma, DBD plasma, radio frequency plasma, sliding arc plasma, corona discharge plasma or rotating arc plasma.

[0029] Preferably, the medium D1 can be a high temperature and high voltage resistant insulating material such as quartz, polytetrafluoroethylene, alumina, zirconia ceramics, bakelite, etc.

[0030] Preferably, the fuel provided in the liquid fuel supply unit Am1 may be zero-carbon fuel, low-carbon fuel or fossil fuel, such as ammonia, methanol, natural gas, gasoline, diesel, liquefied gas, hydrogen and the like.

[0031] Preferably, the stable working gas pressure of the plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system can be normal pressure, or any pressure between normal pressure and 1 thousand atmospheres, and the number n of the first jet flame f1 to the nth jet flame fn can be any value between 1 and 1000.

[0032] Preferably, the cooler C1 can be gas-cooled or liquid-cooled, and the heating buffer tank V2 can be heated by electricity or a high-temperature gas heat source.

[0033] Preferably, the plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system can be applicable to engines, gas turbines, generators, coal-fired boilers, cement decomposition furnaces, cement kiln converters, gas boilers, ship power systems, metal smelting systems, chemical plants, etc.

[0034] Preferably, the two fuel paths separated from the heating buffer tank V2 can be supplied to the plasma chamber separately, or the two fuel paths can be supplied to the plasma chamber together.

[0035] The present invention also provides a self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting method, comprising:

[0036] The fuel provided by the liquid fuel supply unit Am1 enters the heating buffer tank V2 through the control of the main solenoid valve g1, the first solenoid valve g1 is closed, and the temperature and pressure in the tank are increased by heating the heating buffer tank V2. After the temperature and pressure in the tank reach the set value, the first solenoid valve g2 or the fourth solenoid valve g5 is opened to allow the fuel in the heating buffer tank V2 to enter the plasma chamber through the fourth solenoid valve g5, or the fuel in the heating buffer tank V2 enters the second buffer tank V3 and then enters the first buffer tank V1 through the first solenoid valve g2. After the second pressure sensor P2 on the first buffer tank V1 reaches the set value, the third solenoid valve g4 is opened, and the fuel enters the plasma chamber again; in the case of an imbalance in pressure and temperature in the second buffer tank V3, the second buffer tank V3 and the heating buffer tank V2 are connected through the The cooler C1 and the second solenoid valve g3 form a balance to achieve the function of adjusting the temperature and pressure of the heating buffer tank V2 and the second buffer tank V3. The fuel entering the plasma cavity forms a swirl through the medium D1, and the power supply Ep1 is started. The fuel forms the jet plasma pls between the central electrode E1 and the plasma shell E2. The jet plasma pls ignites the fuel-air mixture in the precombustion chamber V4. After the fuel-air mixture is ignited, an instantaneous high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated, and the combustion gas is sprayed to multiple small holes below the precombustion chamber V4 to form the first jet flame f1-the nth jet flame fn. When the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is formed, the external fuel and air mixture of the precombustion chamber V4 is sucked into the precombustion chamber V4 through the air supply port A1 to intensify the combustion, thereby achieving the effects of jet ignition and combustion assistance.

[0037] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the invention, as well as some embodiments of its application. A person skilled in the art may make several modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the invention, and all of these belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system, characterized in that: It includes a liquid fuel supply unit, a main solenoid valve, a heating buffer tank, a first solenoid valve, a first buffer tank, a second buffer tank, a second solenoid valve, a third solenoid valve, a fourth solenoid valve, a plasma housing, a medium, a pre-combustion chamber, a gas supply port, a central electrode, a power supply, a ground, a temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a cooler; The liquid fuel supply unit provides fuel for the system. The fuel enters the heating buffer tank through the main solenoid valve, and then is divided into two paths, entering the second buffer tank through the first solenoid valve and entering the plasma cavity through the fourth solenoid valve. The fuel passing through the second buffer tank enters the plasma cavity through the first buffer tank and the third solenoid valve in turn. The fuel gas entering the plasma cavity forms the jet plasma between the central electrode and the plasma shell, ignites the air and fuel mixture in the pre-combustion chamber to form a jet flame, and the air supply port replenishes the air and fuel mixture for the pre-combustion chamber. The power supply is connected to the central electrode and the ground, respectively. The jet plasma provides plasma formation conditions and energy, the medium is used to isolate the central electrode and the plasma shell and guide the discharge gas to adjust the state of the plasma, the main solenoid valve, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are respectively used to control the opening and closing of the corresponding gas circuits, the cooler is used to adjust the temperature and pressure of the gas in the second buffer tank, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are installed in the heating buffer tank and the first buffer tank, and are respectively used to display the pressures of the heating buffer tank and the first buffer tank, and the temperature sensor is installed on the heating buffer tank to monitor the temperature of the heating buffer tank.

2. A self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply is a direct current, high frequency and high voltage, radio frequency, very high frequency or microwave power supply, or a continuous or pulsed power supply, with a pulse frequency of 1 Hz-1 MHz and a duty cycle of 0%-100%.

3. The self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet plasma is arc plasma, microwave plasma, DBD plasma, radio frequency plasma, sliding arc plasma, corona discharge plasma or rotating arc plasma.

4. The self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium is a high temperature and high voltage resistant insulating material, including quartz, polytetrafluoroethylene, alumina, zirconia ceramics or bakelite.

5. The self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel provided by the liquid fuel supply unit is zero-carbon fuel, low-carbon fuel or fossil fuel.

6. The self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stable working pressure of the plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system is normal pressure, or any pressure between normal pressure and 1 thousand atmospheres, and the number n of the first jet flame f1 to the nth jet flame fn is any value between 1 and 1000.

7. The self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooler is gas cooling or liquid cooling, and the heating buffer tank is heated by electric heating or high-temperature gas heat source heating.

8. The self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system is suitable for engines, gas turbines, generators, coal-fired boilers, cement decomposition furnaces, cement kiln converters, gas boilers, ship power systems, metal smelting systems or chemical plants.

9. The self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion-supporting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two fuel paths separated from the heating buffer tank are supplied to the plasma chamber separately, or the two fuel paths are supplied to the plasma chamber together.

10. A self-driven plasma jet ignition and combustion supporting method, characterized in that: include: The fuel provided by the liquid fuel supply unit enters the heating buffer tank through the main solenoid valve control, the first solenoid valve is closed, the temperature and pressure in the tank are increased by heating the heating buffer tank, after the temperature and pressure in the tank reach the set value, the first solenoid valve or the fourth solenoid valve is opened, so that the fuel in the heating buffer tank enters the plasma chamber through the fourth solenoid valve, or the fuel in the heating buffer tank enters the second buffer tank and then enters the first buffer tank through the first solenoid valve, after the second pressure sensor on the first buffer tank reaches the set value, the third solenoid valve is opened, and the fuel enters the plasma chamber again; in the case of pressure and temperature imbalance in the second buffer tank, the second buffer tank and the heating buffer tank are The flushing tank forms a balance through the cooler and the second solenoid valve to achieve the function of adjusting the temperature and pressure of the heating buffer tank and the second buffer tank. The fuel entering the plasma cavity forms a swirl through the medium, and the power supply is started. The fuel forms the jet plasma between the central electrode and the plasma shell, and the jet plasma ignites the fuel-air mixture in the pre-combustion chamber. After the fuel-air mixture is ignited, instantaneous high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated, and the combustion gas is sprayed to multiple small holes below the pre-combustion chamber to form a jet flame. When the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is formed, the external fuel and air mixture of the pre-combustion chamber is sucked into the pre-combustion chamber through the air supply port to intensify combustion, thereby achieving the effects of jet ignition and combustion support.

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