Method for breeding high-carotenoid-content watermelons based on fruit LAB value and application
By measuring the LAB value of watermelon fruits and exploring its correlation with carotenoids, the problem of difficult to judge the carotenoid content in watermelons is solved, and the rapid breeding of watermelons with high carotenoids is achieved, which improves its functional quality.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411730355.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to quickly judge the content of carotenoids in watermelons, resulting in the functional quality of watermelons being often overlooked in breeding.
By measuring the LAB value of watermelon fruits, and exploring the correlation between the LAB value of watermelons of different pulp colors and carotenoid types and content, high-performance liquid chromatography and other methods were used to determine the types and content of carotenoids, and then quickly breed watermelon materials containing high carotenoids.
A method to quickly judge the carotenoid content of watermelon is realized, helping to breed watermelons with high nutrients and improving their functional quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN119534353A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding high-carotenoid watermelons based on fruit LAB values and application thereof. Background Art
[0002] Watermelon occupies an important position in the production and consumption of fruits and vegetables in my country. Its juicy and delicious fruit is deeply loved by consumers. With the improvement of living standards, consumers' functional demand for food is also increasing. Fruit color is one of the important agronomic traits of watermelon. At present, the color of watermelon flesh is bright red, pink, yellow, orange, etc. Carotenoids not only give watermelon a special color, but also are the main functional components of watermelon. Carotenoids are a general term for an important class of natural pigments and are the main source of vitamin A in the body. Since the human body cannot synthesize carotenoids by itself, it must be ingested from the outside. Carotenoids also have antioxidant effects, especially lycopene, which can be used as a free radical scavenger to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Watermelon is rich in carotenoids and has been considered a new functional food in recent years. Eating watermelon flesh has a certain effect on preventing pancreatic cell death.
[0003] In vegetable crops, carotenoids mainly exist in the form of β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, etc. The differences in the composition and accumulation of carotenoids lead to different flesh colors of watermelons, and the functional components contained in watermelons of different flesh colors are also different. It has been reported that orange-yellow watermelons contain a large amount of β-carotene and a small amount of lycopene, red-fleshed watermelons accumulate a large amount of lycopene, and light yellow-fleshed watermelons mainly contain neoxanthin and violaxanthin. Since the detection method of carotenoids is relatively complicated, its content cannot be judged during the field breeding process. Therefore, the functional quality of watermelon is often ignored in breeding.
[0004] In view of the above problems, a method for quickly judging the carotenoid content of watermelon is provided, which is of great significance for breeding watermelons containing high nutrients and improving functional quality. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and application for breeding watermelons containing high carotenoids based on fruit LAB value. The method can assist in breeding watermelon materials containing high nutrients by exploring the correlation between watermelon fruit LAB value and carotenoid content.
[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0007] The invention provides a method for breeding high-carotenoid watermelons based on fruit LAB values. The method comprises the steps of detecting the LAB values of watermelons using a colorimeter, and breeding high-carotenoid watermelons based on the measured LAB values of watermelons and the correlation between the LAB values and the content and type of carotenoids during the development of watermelons with different flesh colors.
[0008] Furthermore, the watermelons include red-fleshed watermelons, yellow-fleshed watermelons and orange-fleshed watermelons; and the carotenoids include lycopene, β-carotene and lutein.
[0009] Furthermore, the lycopene content in the red-fleshed watermelon is positively correlated with the A value in the LAB value of the watermelon fruit, the lutein content in the yellow-fleshed watermelon is positively correlated with the B value in the LAB value of the watermelon fruit, and the β-carotene and lutein contents in the orange-fleshed watermelon are positively correlated with the A value in the LAB value of the watermelon fruit.
[0010] The present invention also provides a method for exploring the correlation between the LAB value of watermelons with different flesh colors and the types and contents of carotenoids, comprising the following steps:
[0011] (1) Observe the changes in flesh color of watermelons with different flesh colors during fruit development and measure their LAB values;
[0012] (2) Use HPLC to measure the types and contents of carotenoids in watermelons with different flesh colors;
[0013] (3) Conduct a correlation analysis between the LAB values of the watermelons with different flesh colors obtained in step (1) and the carotenoid content of the watermelons with different flesh colors obtained in step (2) during fruit development.
[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the LAB value is measured by using a colorimeter to detect the color change of the flesh during fruit development, and the flesh color is characterized by CIELAB parameters, three points at different positions on the cross section of the watermelon fruit are taken, the LAB values are recorded, and the average value of the three points is calculated, which is the LAB value of the watermelon fruit;
[0015] The CIELAB parameters include a brightness index L, a red-green index A, and a yellow-blue index B.
[0016] Furthermore, in step (2), the specific steps of the high performance liquid chromatography measurement are as follows:
[0017] The changes in carotenoid types in watermelons with different flesh colors during fruit development were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The changes in carotenoid content in watermelons with different flesh colors during fruit development were determined according to GB 5009.83-2016 National Food Safety Standard-Determination of Carotene, GB 5009.248-2016 and National Food Safety Standard-Determination of Lutein in Food.
[0018] Furthermore, in step (3), a step of using the Pearson correlation coefficient R to represent the correlation between the two is also included.
[0019] The present invention also provides an application of the correlation results obtained by the method for exploring correlation in combination with the breeding method in breeding watermelons containing high carotenoids. The application includes judging the correlation between the LAB value and carotenoids of the watermelon species to be tested based on the obtained correlation results, and then breeding watermelons containing high carotenoids based on the measured watermelon LAB value.
[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the inventors measured the LAB value of watermelon fruit, as well as the types and contents of carotenoids in watermelons with different flesh colors, and calculated the correlation between the two, thereby clarifying the correlation between the LAB value of watermelons with different flesh colors and the types and contents of carotenoids, and used the measured LAB value of watermelon fruit to quickly breed watermelon materials with high carotenoid content. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0023] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of the fruit development of four different flesh watermelons at different days after pollination; wherein, G42 is a red flesh watermelon, 23XZ-9 is a pink flesh watermelon, Lanxin is a yellow flesh watermelon, and 23XZ-8 is an orange flesh watermelon;
[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the changes in LBA values of fruits of four watermelons with different flesh colors provided by the present invention at different days after pollination;
[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the changes in the types and contents of carotenoids in the fruits of watermelons with different flesh colors provided by the present invention at different days after pollination;
[0026] Figure 4The figure is a schematic diagram of the correlation analysis between the LAB value and the carotenoid content of watermelons with different flesh colors provided by the present invention; wherein the numerical value represents the Pearson correlation coefficient (R), ** represents p<0.01, and * represents p<0.05. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and the embodiments are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. If specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or according to the product specifications. If the manufacturers of reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.
[0028] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are now described.
[0029] The following examples are used to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0030] Example 1
[0031] This embodiment provides a method for exploring the correlation between LAB values of watermelons with different flesh colors and the types and contents of carotenoids, comprising the following steps:
[0032] (1) Observe the changes in flesh color of watermelon fruits with different flesh colors during their development and measure their LAB values
[0033] The color changes of the flesh of watermelons with different flesh colors during their development were observed. At the same time, a colorimeter was used to detect the changes in the flesh color during fruit development. The flesh color was characterized by CIELAB parameters (brightness index L, red-green index A, and yellow-blue index B). Three points at different positions on the cross section of the watermelon fruit were taken, the LAB values were recorded, and the average value of the three points was calculated, which was the LAB value of the watermelon fruit.
[0034] Among them, the fruit development processes of watermelons with different flesh colors are red flesh G42, pink flesh 23XZ-9, yellow flesh blue core and orange flesh 23XZ-8 at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days, 35 days, 42 days and 49 days after pollination.
[0035] (2) The changes in carotenoid types in watermelons with different flesh colors during fruit development were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. The changes in carotenoid content in watermelons with different flesh colors during fruit development were measured according to GB 5009.83-2016 National Food Safety Standard - Determination of Carotene, GB 5009.248-2016 and National Food Safety Standard - Determination of Lutein in Food.
[0036] (3) Correlation analysis between LAB value and carotenoid content of watermelon with different flesh colors
[0037] The correlation between LAB value and carotenoid content in the development process of watermelon with different flesh colors was analyzed, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (R) was used to express the correlation between the two.
[0038] In step (1), the color of the watermelon flesh changes during its development as follows: Figure 1 As shown by Figure 1 It can be seen that the flesh color of watermelons with different flesh colors changes differently during fruit development. At 7DAP (days after pollination, the same below), the flesh color of the four watermelons is white. The red-fleshed G42 begins to turn red near the carpel at 14DAP, and the red color deepens as the fruit develops. At 35DAP, the color tends to be stable. The pink-fleshed 23XZ-9 and the orange-fleshed 23XZ-8 show obvious color near the carpel at 21DAP, and the flesh color tends to be stable at 42DAP. The yellow-fleshed Lanxin has no obvious color before 21DAP, and begins to turn yellow near the carpel at 28DAP. As the fruit develops, the yellow color of the flesh gradually becomes brighter, but the overall color change is not obvious.
[0039] During the development of watermelon fruit, the LAB value is Figure 2 As shown in the figure, at 7 DAP, the LAB values of the four flesh watermelons were close to 0. The LAB change trends of G42 with red flesh and 23XZ-9 with pink flesh during fruit development were similar. The L value reached the maximum value at 14 DAP, then gradually decreased and stabilized after 35 DAP. The increase in B value was not obvious. G42 tended to be stable after 14 DAP, and 23XZ-9 tended to be stable after 21 DAP. The A values of G42 and 23XZ-9 gradually increased with fruit development, and G42 increased after 14 DAP. The A value increased significantly after 1 DAP, and the A value of 23XA-9 increased significantly after 21 DAP. The LAB values of the yellow-fleshed blue core and the orange-fleshed 23XZ-8 showed similar trends during fruit development. The L value reached its maximum value at 7 DAP, and the change range was not obvious as the fruit developed. The A value remained basically unchanged during fruit development and was small. The B value gradually increased after 14 DAP, reached its maximum value at 28 DAP, and then stabilized. In the over-mature stage (49 DAP), the B value showed a downward trend. It can be seen that Figure 2 The results show that the color changes of red-fleshed watermelons (red flesh, pink flesh, etc.) during fruit development are mainly characterized by changes in A value.
[0040] In step (2), the types of carotenoids during the development of watermelon fruit are as follows Figure 3 As shown by Figure 3It can be seen that the carotenoid composition of watermelons with different flesh colors is different during the development of the fruit. The red-fleshed G42 mainly accumulates lycopene and β-carotene during the development. Lycopene begins to accumulate at 14DAP, reaches the maximum at 42DAP, and begins to decrease in the over-ripe period. The content of β-carotene in G42 is less than that of lycopene, and β-carotene begins to accumulate after 21DAP and tends to be stable after 42DAP. A trace amount of lutein is also detected in the over-ripe period of G42 fruit (49DAP). Similar to G42, the pink-fleshed 23XZ-9 also mainly accumulates lycopene and β-carotene during the development of the fruit. Unlike G42, the lycopene of 23XZ-9 begins to accumulate after 21DAP, reaches the maximum at 42DAP, and then begins to decrease. The β-carotene begins to accumulate after 28DAP, and the content gradually increases during the fruit development period. Although 23XZ-9 accumulated lycopene later than G42, there was no significant difference in the maximum lycopene content between the two. Only a small amount of lutein was detected in the yellow-fleshed blue core during fruit ripening, and it began to accumulate after 21DAP. The orange-fleshed 23XZ-8 mainly accumulated β-carotene and a small amount of lutein during fruit development. β-carotene began to accumulate after 14DAP and reached its maximum value at 42DAP. At 21DAP, 23XZ-8 began to accumulate a small amount of lutein, and its content did not change significantly during fruit development. It can be seen that Figure 3 The results showed that red-fleshed watermelons (red-fleshed, pink-fleshed, etc.) mainly accumulated lycopene and a small amount of β-carotene during fruit development, yellow-fleshed watermelons mainly accumulated a small amount of lutein, and orange-fleshed watermelons mainly accumulated β-carotene and a small amount of lutein.
[0041] In step (3), the correlation between LAB value and carotenoid content of watermelon fruits with different flesh colors is as follows: Figure 4 As shown by Figure 4 It can be seen that the lycopene and β-carotene contents in G42 fruit development were positively correlated with the A value (R=0.89 and R=0.85, p<0.01), the lycopene content in 23XZ-9 fruit was positively correlated with the A value (R=0.95, p<0.01), and the correlation between the β-carotene content and the LAB value was not significant. The lutein content in Lanxin fruit was positively correlated with the B value (R=0.85, p<0.05), and the β-carotene content in 23XZ-8 was positively correlated with the A value and B value (R=0.96, p<0.01; R=0.81, p<0.05), and the lutein content was also positively correlated with the A value (R=0.85, p<0.05). Figure 4The results of the correlation analysis show that the lycopene content in red-fleshed watermelons (including red-fleshed and pink-fleshed watermelons, etc.) is positively correlated with the A value of the fruit, the lutein content in yellow-fleshed watermelons is positively correlated with the B value, and the β-carotene and lutein contents in orange-fleshed watermelons are positively correlated with the A value.
[0042] In summary, watermelons with different flesh colors contain different nutrients. Red-fleshed watermelons (including red flesh, pink flesh, etc.) are mainly lycopene, and also contain a small amount of β-carotene, and the lycopene content in the fruit is positively correlated with the A value of the fruit. Yellow flesh mainly contains a small amount of lutein, and orange-fleshed watermelons mainly contain β-carotene and a small amount of lutein, and its content is positively correlated with the A value.
[0043] Test Example 2
[0044] The LAB values and carotene contents of 10 red-fleshed materials and 8 orange-fleshed materials at the fruit maturity stage were measured using the method in Example 1. The 10 materials and 8 materials were sorted according to the A value. The results are shown in Table 1:
[0045] Table 1 LAB values and carotenoid contents of different watermelon materials
[0046]
[0047]
[0048] In Table 1, red-fleshed watermelons mainly contain lycopene and a small amount of β-carotene, and orange-fleshed watermelons mainly contain β-carotene. The lycopene content in red-fleshed watermelons is positively correlated with the fruit A value, and the β-carotene content in orange-fleshed watermelons is positively correlated with the fruit A value.
[0049] Although the correlation between the carotenoid content and the A value content of some fruits in Table 1 deviates, the non-compliance ratio is less than 5%, so it can still be proved that the present invention can breed high-carotenoid watermelons based on the fruit LAB value.
[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for breeding watermelons containing high carotenoids based on fruit LAB value, characterized in that: The method for breeding high-carotenoid watermelons comprises the steps of using a colorimeter to detect the LAB value of the watermelons, and breeding high-carotenoid watermelons based on the measured LAB value of the watermelons and the correlation between the LAB value and the content and type of carotenoids during the development of watermelons with different flesh colors.
2. The method for breeding high-carotenoid watermelon based on fruit LAB value according to claim 1, characterized in that: The watermelons include red-fleshed watermelons, yellow-fleshed watermelons and orange-fleshed watermelons; the carotenoids include lycopene, β-carotene and lutein.
3. The method for breeding high-carotenoid watermelon based on fruit LAB value according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lycopene content in the red-fleshed watermelon is positively correlated with the A value in the LAB value of the watermelon fruit, the lutein content in the yellow-fleshed watermelon is positively correlated with the B value in the LAB value of the watermelon fruit, and the β-carotene and lutein contents in the orange-fleshed watermelon are positively correlated with the A value in the LAB value of the watermelon fruit.
4. A method for exploring the correlation between LAB values of watermelons with different flesh colors and the types and contents of carotenoids, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Observe the changes in flesh color of watermelons with different flesh colors during fruit development and measure their LAB values; (2) Use high performance liquid chromatography to measure the types and contents of carotenoids in watermelons with different flesh colors; (3) Conduct a correlation analysis between the LAB values of the watermelons with different flesh colors obtained in step (1) and the carotenoid content of the watermelons with different flesh colors obtained in step (2) during fruit development.
5. The method for exploring the correlation between LAB values of watermelons with different flesh colors and carotenoid types and contents according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (1), the LAB value is measured by using a colorimeter to detect the color change of the flesh during fruit development, and the CIELAB parameters are used to characterize the flesh color. Three points at different positions on the cross section of the watermelon fruit are taken, the LAB values are recorded, and the average value of the three points is calculated, which is the LAB value of the watermelon fruit. The CIELAB parameters include a brightness index L, a red-green index A, and a yellow-blue index B.
6. The method for exploring the correlation between LAB values of watermelons with different flesh colors and carotenoid types and contents according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the specific steps of the HPLC measurement include using HPLC to measure the changes in the types of carotenoids in watermelons with different flesh colors during fruit development, and measuring the changes in the carotenoid content in watermelons with different flesh colors during fruit development according to GB 5009.83-2016 "National Food Safety Standard - Determination of Carotene" GB 5009.248-2016 and "National Food Safety Standard - Determination of Lutein in Food".
7. The method for exploring the correlation between LAB values of watermelons with different flesh colors and carotenoid types and contents according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (3), the step of using the Pearson correlation coefficient R to represent the correlation between the two is also included.
8. An application of the correlation result obtained by the method according to any one of claims 4 to 7 in combination with the method according to claim 1 in breeding high carotenoid watermelons, characterized in that: The application includes judging the correlation between the LAB value and carotenoids of the watermelon species to be tested according to the correlation result obtained by the method described in any one of claims 4 to 7, and then breeding watermelons containing high carotenoids according to the measured watermelon LAB value.