A photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel power generation, and in particular to a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition, the method comprising: using a drone to collect terrain images of the area to be arranged, determining the arrangement area based on the exposure rate thereof, and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels; determining the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array, removing photovoltaic panels with conversion rates below a preset standard, and forming a screening array; determining the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panels based on the incident angle of sunlight and adjusting the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array at a distance that does not affect each other to form a photovoltaic panel target array, detecting the actual shading area of ​​each photovoltaic panel, comparing it with the target shading area, starting a cleaning device, and making the actual shading area smaller than the target shading area; determining the difference in output power change of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning, and determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panels based on the standard deviation. The present invention selects the optimal terrain to maximize the overall selection and arrangement of the photovoltaic panels, thereby improving the performance of the entire photovoltaic power generation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for renewable energy increases, photovoltaic panels, as an important part of renewable energy, are expected to maintain steady growth in the market demand for photovoltaic power stations in the next few years. The impact and prospects of renewable energy are of great significance.

[0003] A patent document with Chinese patent application publication number CN117951874A discloses a method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic panels in complex terrain. The method includes: determining terrain information of a destination to be constructed, and forming a terrain map of the destination to be constructed based on the terrain information; determining the elevation angle of the photovoltaic panel, the spacing of the grating, and the angle of light incidence; dividing the terrain map into N terrain cross-sectional maps at preset intervals, where N is a positive integer, and projecting light through the grating onto the terrain cross-sectional map based on the spacing of the grating and the angle of light incidence to form a grating projection map; determining the projection in the grating projection map so that the spacing between the photovoltaic panels matches the spacing of the grating projections to determine the layout plan of the photovoltaic panels on the terrain cross-sectional map, and optimizing the height of the bracket according to the photovoltaic panels at different positions, the terrain height difference, and the orientation.

[0004] The existing technology for arranging photovoltaic panels in complex terrain maximizes the utilization of photovoltaic panels by selecting the best terrain, but does not make reasonable choices and arrangements for the photovoltaic panels as a whole, thus affecting the performance of the entire photovoltaic power generation system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a photovoltaic panel layout method based on image acquisition, which analyzes the mountainous terrain through image acquisition to arrange the placement of photovoltaic panels, and maintains the continuous operation of the entire system by cleaning and inspecting each photovoltaic panel, so as to maximize the utilization of photovoltaic panels in the best terrain while rationally arranging the photovoltaic panels as a whole, thereby improving the performance of the entire photovoltaic power generation system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition, comprising:

[0007] Use drones to collect terrain images of the area to be deployed;

[0008] determining a layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image, and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area;

[0009] Determining a light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array, and determining a target photovoltaic panel array based on the light energy conversion rate;

[0010] Detecting an actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the target photovoltaic panel array, and comparing the actual shielding area with a target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, and starting a cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result, and making the actual shielding area smaller than the target shielding area;

[0011] The output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning is determined, and whether to repair the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the output power change difference and the standard deviation.

[0012] Furthermore, the steps of determining a layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area include:

[0013] Determining identification information of contour lines in the terrain image, and determining a hillside area in the terrain image using the identification information;

[0014] determining a layout area according to an exposure rate in the hillside area;

[0015] Photovoltaic panels are arranged in sequence in the arrangement area to form the initial photovoltaic panel array.

[0016] The step of further determining the layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image includes:

[0017] Segmenting the terrain image into equal areas, determining the brightness value of each minimum unit area, and aggregating adjacent units with the same brightness value to form a number of equal brightness area blocks;

[0018] The equal brightness area block with the largest brightness value is extracted, and the actual area of ​​the equal brightness area block is determined as the layout area.

[0019] Furthermore, the step of determining the light energy conversion efficiency of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array includes:

[0020] The solar power received by each photovoltaic panel is calculated as P0=S0×G, where G is the solar radiation intensity, which refers to the solar radiation energy received per unit area per unit time; S0 is the standard area of ​​each photovoltaic panel;

[0021] Calculate the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel Among them, P i Represents the output power of the i-th photovoltaic panel, where i is a positive integer greater than 0.

[0022] Furthermore, the step of determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight includes:

[0023] Obtaining the latitude of the deployment area based on the GPS positioning function of the drone;

[0024] When the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the deployment area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the deployment area is the largest. The installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle.

[0025] The steps of further determining a mutual non-interference distance between any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjusting the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-interference distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array include:

[0026] Record the incident angle of sunlight hitting the photovoltaic panel;

[0027] Calculate the projection length of any photovoltaic panel's shadow in the vertical direction of the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and set the non-interference distance according to the projection length.

[0028] The installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array is made greater than the mutual non-influence distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array.

[0029] Furthermore, the step of starting a cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result includes:

[0030] Detecting the actual shielding area of ​​the photovoltaic panel surface according to image recognition technology to determine whether the actual shielding area reaches the target shielding area;

[0031] If the actual shielding area is larger than the target shielding area, dry cleaning is performed using a robotic arm with a soft brush to make the actual shielding area smaller than the target shielding area.

[0032] Furthermore, the step of determining the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning includes:

[0033] The power output of the photovoltaic panel before and after cleaning was recorded as P1 and P2;

[0034] Output power change difference = P2-P1.

[0035] The step of further determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panel based on the output power variation difference and the standard deviation includes:

[0036] When the output power variation difference is less than the standard deviation, the photovoltaic panel is inspected based on infrared thermal imaging to identify whether there is an abnormal area;

[0037] If there is an abnormal area, the location of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the location information is repaired according to the location information of the abnormal area.

[0038] The step of further collecting a terrain image of the area to be deployed by the drone includes:

[0039] Generate a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model based on the UAV's laser radar, and use an infrared sensor to detect vegetation or ground temperature data, and store the terrain contour determined based on the three-dimensional terrain model and the data;

[0040] The terrain contour and the data are fused to generate a terrain image.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that the terrain image of the area to be arranged is collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle, the mountainous terrain is accurately captured, the arrangement area is determined according to the exposure rate in the terrain image, so that the maximum light energy utilization is obtained in the arrangement area, and an initial array of photovoltaic panels is set in the arrangement area, the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels is determined, the light energy conversion rate is compared with the preset standard conversion rate, the photovoltaic panels with light energy conversion rates less than the preset standard conversion rate are removed from the initial array of photovoltaic panels, the remaining photovoltaic panels are used as a screening array, and the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array is determined according to the incident angle of sunlight, the mutual non-influence distance of any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle is determined, and the screening array is adjusted based on the mutual non-influence distance. The position of each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic panel target array is determined to form a photovoltaic panel target array, and the photovoltaic panel array is optimized to improve the overall light energy conversion rate; the actual shading area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic panel target array is detected, and the actual shading area is compared with the target shading area to obtain a comparison result, and the cleaning device is started for cleaning according to the comparison result, and the actual shading area is made smaller than the target shading area, thereby reducing the performance degradation caused by shading and improving the reliability of the system. The automated cleaning device reduces the need for manual cleaning, thereby reducing maintenance costs; the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning is determined to ensure that the photovoltaic panel reaches the expected performance level after cleaning, and the photovoltaic panel with performance degradation is discovered and repaired in time to extend the service life of the equipment.

[0042] In particular, the drone's lidar generates a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model to improve the quality and accuracy of image acquisition. The drone's infrared sensor detects vegetation or ground temperature data to provide data information for the subsequent generation of terrain images. The terrain contour and the data information are fused to generate a comprehensive terrain image, which helps to accurately and deeply analyze the terrain image.

[0043] In particular, based on the identification information of the contour lines in the terrain image, an intuitive visual effect of the terrain height change is provided, which is helpful for analyzing the undulations and slopes of the terrain, and the layout area is determined according to the exposure rate in the hillside area, so as to maximize the use of sunlight and improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels. Photovoltaic panels are arranged in sequence in the layout area to form the initial array of photovoltaic panels. By rationally arranging the photovoltaic panels, more photovoltaic panels can be installed in a limited space, thereby improving space utilization.

[0044] In particular, by determining the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels, comparing the light energy conversion rate with the preset standard conversion rate, removing the photovoltaic panels with a light energy conversion rate less than the preset standard conversion rate from the initial array of photovoltaic panels, and using the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array, the overall efficiency of the system is improved, the maintenance and cleaning requirements for inefficient photovoltaic panels are reduced, and maintenance costs are reduced.

[0045] In particular, by obtaining the latitude of the layout area; when the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the layout area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the layout area is the largest, and the installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel. By optimizing the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel, the energy loss caused by improper angle is reduced, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle. By adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the optimal angle, the reception of direct sunlight is maximized, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0046] In particular, by recording the incident angle of sunlight shining on the photovoltaic panel, the projection length of the projected shadow of any photovoltaic panel in the direction perpendicular to the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground is calculated according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the mutual non-influence distance is set according to the projection length, so that the installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array is greater than the mutual non-influence distance to form a photovoltaic panel target array. By reasonably calculating and setting the distance between the photovoltaic panels, it is possible to avoid shadows blocking each other, ensure that each photovoltaic panel can receive sunlight to the maximum extent, and thus improve the power generation efficiency of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0047] In particular, by determining the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning, the cleaning effect is intuitively reflected, providing data support for subsequent photovoltaic panel inspection, and determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panel based on the output power change difference and the standard deviation, thereby ensuring the regular maintenance of the photovoltaic panel and saving manpower inspection costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2A schematic diagram of a process for collecting terrain images of the area to be arranged by a drone in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a process for setting an initial array layout area of ​​photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 A schematic flow chart of the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array of the photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a process for determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in a screening array in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a process for adjusting and screening the position of each photovoltaic panel in an array to form a target photovoltaic panel array in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a process of starting a cleaning device for cleaning according to a comparison result in a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 8 A schematic flow chart of a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition provided by an embodiment of the present invention for determining whether the photovoltaic panel needs to be repaired according to the difference in photovoltaic panel power output before and after cleaning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0057] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0059] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0060] See also Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition, the system comprising:

[0061] Step S100, using a drone to collect a terrain image of the area to be deployed;

[0062] Step S200, determining a layout area based on sunlight utilization efficiency in the terrain image, and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area;

[0063] Step S300, determining the light energy conversion efficiency of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array, comparing the light energy conversion efficiency with a preset standard conversion efficiency, removing photovoltaic panels with light energy conversion efficiency less than the preset standard conversion efficiency from the initial photovoltaic panel array, and using the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array;

[0064] Step S400, determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight;

[0065] Step S500, determining a mutual non-interference distance between any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjusting the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-interference distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array;

[0066] Step S600, detecting the actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the target photovoltaic panel array, and comparing the actual shielding area with the target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, and starting a cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result, and making the actual shielding area smaller than the target shielding area;

[0067] Step S700 , determining the output power variation difference of the target array of photovoltaic panels before and after cleaning, and determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panels based on the output power variation difference and the standard deviation.

[0068] Specifically, in the process of laying out photovoltaic panels, the embodiment of the present invention successively implements efficient screening and laying out of the photovoltaic panel target array through the photovoltaic panel initial array, screening array and photovoltaic panel target array, completing the effective integration of photovoltaic panels with the light environment and geographical location, so that the light energy utilization efficiency at different locations can be significantly improved, thereby improving the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel setting and improving the light energy utilization efficiency.

[0069] Specifically, an embodiment of the present invention collects terrain images of the area to be arranged by a drone, accurately captures the mountainous terrain, determines the arrangement area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image, so as to obtain maximum light energy utilization in the arrangement area, and sets an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the arrangement area, determines the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels, compares the light energy conversion rate with the preset standard conversion rate, removes the photovoltaic panels with a light energy conversion rate less than the preset standard conversion rate from the initial array of photovoltaic panels, uses the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array, and determines the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight, determines the mutual non-influence distance of any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjusts the distance of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-influence distance. The positions of the photovoltaic panels are determined to form a target array of photovoltaic panels, and the photovoltaic panel array is optimized to improve the overall light energy conversion rate; the actual shading area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the target array of photovoltaic panels is detected, and the actual shading area is compared with the target shading area to obtain a comparison result, and the cleaning device is started for cleaning according to the comparison result, and the actual shading area is made smaller than the target shading area, thereby reducing the performance degradation caused by shading and improving the reliability of the system. The automated cleaning device reduces the need for manual cleaning, thereby reducing maintenance costs; the output power change difference of the target array of photovoltaic panels before and after cleaning is determined to ensure that the photovoltaic panels reach the expected performance level after cleaning, and the photovoltaic panels with performance degradation are discovered and repaired in time to extend the service life of the equipment.

[0070] See also Figure 2 As shown, the step of collecting the terrain image of the area to be deployed by the drone includes:

[0071] Step S110, generating a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model based on the UAV's laser radar, and using an infrared sensor to detect vegetation or ground temperature data, storing the terrain contour determined based on the three-dimensional terrain model and the data;

[0072] Step S120 , fusing the terrain contour and the data to generate a terrain image.

[0073] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention generates a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model based on the drone's laser radar and data on vegetation or ground temperature detected by the infrared sensor, stores the terrain contour determined based on the three-dimensional terrain model and the data, and then fuses the terrain contour and the data to generate a terrain image.

[0074] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention generates a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model through the drone's lidar, improves the quality and accuracy of image acquisition, detects vegetation or ground temperature data through the drone's infrared sensor, provides data information for the subsequent generation of terrain images, and fuses the terrain contour and the data information to generate a comprehensive terrain image, which helps to accurately and deeply analyze the terrain image.

[0075] See also Figure 3 As shown, the steps of determining a layout area according to the sunlight utilization efficiency in the terrain image and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area include:

[0076] Step S210, determining identification information of contour lines in the terrain image, and using the identification information to determine a hillside area in the terrain image;

[0077] Step S220, determining a layout area according to the exposure rate in the hillside area;

[0078] Step S230: arranging photovoltaic panels in the arrangement area in sequence to form the initial array of photovoltaic panels. The area of ​​the photovoltaic panels is 1.6m 2 .

[0079] Specifically, the present invention determines the deployment area based on the exposure rate in the terrain image. The terrain image is segmented into equal areas, the brightness value of each minimum unit area is determined, and adjacent units with the same brightness value are aggregated to form a number of equal brightness area blocks. The equal brightness area block with the largest brightness value is extracted, and the actual area of ​​the equal brightness area block is determined as the deployment area.

[0080] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention determines the layout area and sequentially lays out photovoltaic panels based on the identification information of the contour lines in the terrain image and the exposure rate in the hillside area to form the initial photovoltaic panel array. The area of ​​the photovoltaic panel is 1.6m 2 .

[0081] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention provides an intuitive visual effect of terrain height changes based on the identification information of the contour lines in the terrain image, which helps to analyze the undulations and slopes of the terrain, and determines the layout area according to the exposure rate in the hillside area, maximizes the use of sunlight, and improves the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels. Photovoltaic panels are arranged in sequence in the layout area to form the initial array of photovoltaic panels. By rationally arranging the photovoltaic panels, more photovoltaic panels can be installed in a limited space, thereby improving space utilization.

[0082] See also Figure 4 As shown, determining the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array, the step of determining the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array includes:

[0083] Step S310, calculating the solar power received by each photovoltaic panel as P0=S0×G, where G is the solar radiation intensity, which refers to the solar radiation energy received per unit area per unit time; S0 is the standard area of ​​each photovoltaic panel;

[0084] Step S320, calculating the light energy conversion efficiency of each photovoltaic panel Among them, P i Represents the actual output power of the i-th photovoltaic panel, where i is a positive integer greater than 0.

[0085] Specifically, the photovoltaic panels of the embodiment of the present invention are adjusted to an optimal angle according to the incident angle of sunlight, and the light energy conversion efficiency is compared with a standard conversion efficiency of 10%. When the light energy conversion efficiency is lower than the standard conversion efficiency of 10%, the corresponding photovoltaic panels are removed from the initial photovoltaic panel array to form the target photovoltaic panel array. Assuming that the actual output power P of a photovoltaic panel is i The power is 150W and the area S0 is 1.6m 2 , the solar radiation intensity G is 1000W / m 2 .

[0086] Received solar power: P0 = S0 × G = 1.6m 2 ×1000W / m 2 =1600W

[0087] Light energy conversion rate:

[0088] The light energy conversion efficiency of 9.375% is less than the standard conversion efficiency of 10%, so this photovoltaic panel was removed.

[0089] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention determines the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial array of photovoltaic panels, compares the light energy conversion rate with the preset standard conversion rate, removes the photovoltaic panels with light energy conversion rates less than the preset standard conversion rate from the initial array of photovoltaic panels, and uses the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the system and reducing the maintenance and cleaning requirements for inefficient photovoltaic panels, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0090] See also Figure 5 As shown, the step of determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight includes:

[0091] Step S410, obtaining the latitude of the deployment area according to the GPS positioning function equipped by the drone;

[0092] Step S420: When the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the deployment area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the deployment area is the largest. The installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle.

[0093] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention obtains the latitude of the deployment area based on the GPS positioning function equipped with the drone; when the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the deployment area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the deployment area is the largest, and the installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel. By optimizing the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel, the energy loss caused by improper angle is reduced, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle. By adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the optimal angle, the reception of direct sunlight is maximized, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0094] See also Figure 6 As shown, the steps of determining the projected length of any photovoltaic panel at the optimal angle and adjusting the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the projected length to form a target photovoltaic panel array include:

[0095] Step S510, recording the incident angle of sunlight hitting the photovoltaic panel;

[0096] Step S520, calculating the projection length of the shadow cast by any photovoltaic panel in the direction perpendicular to the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and setting the non-interference distance according to the projection length;

[0097] Step S530 : making the installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array greater than the mutual non-influence distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array.

[0098] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention records the incident angle θ of sunlight shining on the photovoltaic panel, assumes the width of the photovoltaic panel is w, calculates the projection length d = wtanθ of the projected shadow of any photovoltaic panel in the direction perpendicular to the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and sets the mutual non-influence distance L according to the projection length, where L = d; when the installation position distance of any adjacent photovoltaic panels in the screening array is greater than the mutual non-influence distance L, a photovoltaic panel target array is formed.

[0099] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention records the incident angle of sunlight shining on the photovoltaic panel, calculates the projection length of the projected shadow of any photovoltaic panel in the direction perpendicular to the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and sets the mutual non-influence distance according to the projection length, so that the installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array is greater than the mutual non-influence distance to form a target array of photovoltaic panels. By reasonably calculating and setting the distance between the photovoltaic panels, it is possible to avoid shadows blocking each other, ensure that each photovoltaic panel can receive sunlight to the maximum extent, and thus improve the power generation efficiency of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0100] See also Figure 7 As shown, the actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic panel target array is detected, and the actual shielding area is compared with the target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, and a cleaning device is started to clean according to the comparison result, and the actual shielding area is made smaller than the target shielding area;

[0101] Step S610: detecting the actual shielding area of ​​the photovoltaic panel surface using image recognition technology to determine whether the actual shielding area reaches the target shielding area;

[0102] Step S620: If the actual shielding area is larger than the target shielding area, a robotic arm with a soft brush is used to perform dry cleaning so that the actual shielding area is smaller than the target shielding area.

[0103] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention detects the actual shading area on the surface of the photovoltaic panel based on the image recognition technology, and compares it with the target shading area of ​​5%. When the actual shading area is larger than the target shading area of ​​5%, a robotic arm with a soft brush is used to perform dry cleaning so that the actual shading area is smaller than the target shading area.

[0104] Specifically, the present invention uses image recognition technology to detect the actual obstruction area of ​​the photovoltaic panel surface in real time, promptly identifying and addressing pollution issues and reducing the impact on power generation efficiency. If the actual obstruction area is greater than the target obstruction area, the cleaning system is activated, using a robotic arm equipped with a soft brush to perform dry cleaning. This avoids the use of water and chemical detergents, reducing environmental impact and minimizing potential damage to the photovoltaic panel during the cleaning process.

[0105] See also Figure 8 As shown, the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning is determined, and whether to repair the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the output power change difference and the standard deviation.

[0106] Step S710, recording the photovoltaic panel power output before and after cleaning as P1 and P2;

[0107] Step S720: Output power change difference = P2 - P1.

[0108] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, if the difference in output power change of the target photovoltaic panel array before and after cleaning is less than a standard deviation of 10W, the photovoltaic panel is repaired. For example, if the output power change of the photovoltaic panel before and after cleaning = P2 - P1 = 4.8W. In this case, if the difference in output power change before and after cleaning is 4.8W < 10W, the photovoltaic panel is inspected using infrared thermal imaging to identify whether there is an abnormal area. If an abnormal area is present, the location information of the abnormal area is used to locate the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the location information is repaired.

[0109] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention intuitively reflects the cleaning effect by determining the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning, providing data support for subsequent photovoltaic panel inspection, and determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panel based on the output power change difference and the standard deviation, thereby ensuring the regular maintenance of the photovoltaic panel and saving manpower inspection costs.

[0110] Thus far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0111] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition, characterized in that: include: Use drones to collect terrain images of the area to be deployed; determining a layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image, and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area; Determining a light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array, comparing the light energy conversion rate with a preset standard conversion rate, removing photovoltaic panels having a light energy conversion rate less than the preset standard conversion rate from the initial photovoltaic panel array, and using the remaining photovoltaic panels as a screening array; determining an optimal angle for each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the incident angle of sunlight; determining a mutual non-interference distance between any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjusting a position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-interference distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array; Detecting an actual shielding area of ​​each photovoltaic panel in the target photovoltaic panel array, and comparing the actual shielding area with a target shielding area to obtain a comparison result, and starting a cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result, and making the actual shielding area smaller than the target shielding area; The output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning is determined, and whether to repair the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the output power change difference and the standard deviation.

2. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of determining a layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image and setting an initial array of photovoltaic panels in the layout area include: Determining identification information of contour lines in the terrain image, and determining a hillside area in the terrain image using the identification information; determining a layout area according to an exposure rate in the hillside area; Photovoltaic panels are arranged in sequence in the arrangement area to form the initial photovoltaic panel array.

3. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of determining the layout area according to the exposure rate in the terrain image comprises: Segmenting the terrain image into equal areas, determining the brightness value of each minimum unit area, and aggregating adjacent units with the same brightness value to form a number of equal brightness area blocks; The equal brightness area block with the largest brightness value is extracted, and the actual area of ​​the equal brightness area block is determined as the layout area.

4. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of determining the light energy conversion efficiency of each photovoltaic panel in the initial photovoltaic panel array comprises: The solar power received by each photovoltaic panel is calculated as P0=S0×G, where G is the solar radiation intensity, which refers to the solar radiation energy received per unit area per unit time; S0 is the standard area of ​​each photovoltaic panel; Calculate the light energy conversion rate of each photovoltaic panel Among them, P i Represents the output power of the i-th photovoltaic panel, where i is a positive integer greater than 0.

5. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of determining the optimal angle of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array according to the incident angle of sunlight includes: Obtaining the latitude of the deployment area based on the GPS positioning function of the drone; When the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is equal to the latitude of the deployment area, the light area received by the photovoltaic panel in the deployment area is the largest. The installation angle is the optimal angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the initial angle of any photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the optimal angle.

6. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps of determining a mutual non-interference distance between any photovoltaic panels at the optimal angle, and adjusting the position of each photovoltaic panel in the screening array based on the mutual non-interference distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array include: Record the incident angle of sunlight hitting the photovoltaic panel; Calculating the projection length of the shadow cast by any photovoltaic panel in the direction perpendicular to the contact line between the photovoltaic panel and the ground according to the incident angle of the photovoltaic panel, and setting the non-interference distance according to the projection length; The installation distance between any two photovoltaic panels in the screening array is made greater than the mutual non-influence distance to form a target photovoltaic panel array.

7. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of starting the cleaning device to perform cleaning according to the comparison result includes: Detecting the actual shielding area of ​​the photovoltaic panel surface according to image recognition technology to determine whether the actual shielding area reaches the target shielding area; If the actual shielding area is larger than the target shielding area, dry cleaning is performed using a robotic arm with a soft brush to make the actual shielding area smaller than the target shielding area.

8. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of determining the output power change difference of the photovoltaic panel target array before and after cleaning includes: The power output of the photovoltaic panel before and after cleaning was recorded as P1 and P2; Output power change difference = P2-P1.

9. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of determining whether to repair the photovoltaic panel according to the output power variation difference and the standard deviation includes: When the output power variation difference is less than the standard deviation, the photovoltaic panel is inspected based on infrared thermal imaging to identify whether there is an abnormal area; If there is an abnormal area, the location of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the location information is repaired according to the location information of the abnormal area.

10. The photovoltaic panel arrangement method based on image acquisition according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of collecting a terrain image of the area to be deployed using the drone includes: Generate a high-precision three-dimensional terrain model based on the UAV's laser radar, and use an infrared sensor to detect vegetation or ground temperature data, and store the terrain contour determined based on the three-dimensional terrain model and the data; The terrain contour and the data are fused to generate a terrain image.

Images