Data Transmission Method, Device, and Equipment Based on Payload Data Pilot Pattern

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of multi-carrier communication systems, and discloses a data transmission method, device and equipment based on a pilot pattern of payload data. The method is applied to an MIMO-PLC system. The time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in a sub-carrier are used to obtain the positions of the pilot element and zero element in a two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid. The pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid are grouped to obtain a first payload data pilot pattern of a first transmission port among multiple transmission ports. Based on the orthogonality between sub-carriers, according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, a second payload data pilot pattern of other transmission ports among the multiple transmission ports is determined. Based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot pattern, pilots are inserted into a payload data signal to be transmitted, and the payload data signal to be transmitted is transmitted based on the sub-carriers, wherein the position of the zero element indicates that the corresponding sub-carrier does not carry the payload data signal to be transmitted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of multi - carrier communication systems, and in particular, to a data transmission method, apparatus, and device based on a payload data pilot pattern. Background Art

[0002] Power line communication (PLC) technology superimposes data signals on the current transmission of power lines to achieve data sending and receiving without additional wiring.

[0003] In a MIMO - PLC system (Multiple - Input Multiple - Output Power Line Communication system), achieving accurate data channel estimation and signal detection is the key to ensuring the high - performance operation of the system. Designing an effective method for designing the data channel pilot pattern of a MIMO - PLC system is crucial.

[0004] In a traditional SISO - PLC system, the signal frame structure of the protocol data unit (Presentation Protocol Data Unit, PPDU) sent by the physical layer consists of a preamble, frame control, and payload data. There is no separate pilot in the payload data. When performing channel estimation, the preamble signal needs to be reused. However, after introducing MIMO, the beamforming through which the preamble signal passes and the precoding used by the data channel are different. The channel estimated based on the preamble sequence includes beamforming. Directly applying the pilot insertion method in SISO - PLC to the MIMO - PLC system will result in a large estimation error. Therefore, a pilot pattern design method specifically for the MIMO - PLC system needs to be designed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present specification aim to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. For this purpose, the embodiments of the present specification propose a data transmission method, apparatus, and device based on a payload data pilot pattern.

[0006] The embodiments of the present specification provide a data transmission method based on a payload data pilot pattern. The method is applied to a MIMO - PLC system, and the MIMO - PLC system includes a power line communication terminal. The power line communication terminal includes a plurality of transmission ports. The method includes:

[0007] Obtain the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in a two - dimensional time - frequency resource grid according to the time - frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the sub - carriers; wherein, the two - dimensional time - frequency resource grid is composed of sub - carriers that are continuous in the frequency domain and symbols that are continuous in the time domain;

[0008] Aggregate the pilot elements and zero elements in the two - dimensional time - frequency resource grid to obtain the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port among the plurality of transmission ports;

[0009] Based on the orthogonality between subcarriers, determine the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports among the multiple transmit ports according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port;

[0010] Based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot pattern, insert pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted, and transmit the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers, where the zero element position indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0011] In one embodiment, before obtaining the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarrier, it includes:

[0012] In the time domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, determine the symbols including pilot elements and the symbols including zero elements.

[0013] In one embodiment, before obtaining the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarrier, it includes:

[0014] In the frequency domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, determine the frequency subcarriers including pilot elements and the frequency subcarriers including zero elements.

[0015] In one embodiment, before obtaining the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarrier, it includes:

[0016] In the spatial domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, determine the subcarriers including pilot elements.

[0017] In one embodiment, the step of determining the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports among the multiple transmit ports according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port based on the orthogonality between subcarriers includes:

[0018] Replace the symbols including pilot elements in the first transmit port with symbols including zero elements;

[0019] Replace the symbols including zero elements in the first transmit port with symbols including pilot elements;

[0020] Aggregate all pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports.

[0021] In one embodiment, based on the orthogonality between subcarriers, determining the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports among the multiple transmit ports according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port includes:

[0022] Replacing the frequency subcarriers including pilot elements in the first transmit port with frequency subcarriers including zero elements;

[0023] Replacing the frequency subcarriers including zero elements in the first transmit port with frequency subcarriers including pilot elements;

[0024] Aggregating all the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports.

[0025] In one embodiment, based on the orthogonality between subcarriers, determining the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports among the multiple transmit ports according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port includes:

[0026] Using the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port as the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports.

[0027] In one embodiment, the other transmit ports include a second transmit port. Based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot pattern, inserting pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted and transmitting the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers includes:

[0028] Inserting first pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted based on the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port and transmitting the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers;

[0029] Inserting second pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted based on the second payload data pilot pattern of the second transmit port and transmitting the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers, where the second pilots are orthogonal to the first pilots.

[0030] An embodiment of this specification provides a data transmission device based on a payload data pilot pattern. The device is applied to a MIMO-PLC system, the MIMO-PLC system includes a power line communication end, the power line communication end includes multiple transmit ports, and the device includes:

[0031] An element position determination module, configured to obtain the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in a two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in subcarriers; wherein, the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid is composed of subcarriers that are continuous in the frequency domain and symbols that are continuous in the time domain;

[0032] The first pilot pattern determination module is configured to aggregate pilot elements and zero elements in a two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain a first payload data pilot pattern of a first transmission port among the plurality of transmission ports;

[0033] The second pilot pattern determination module is configured to determine a second payload data pilot pattern of other transmission ports among the plurality of transmission ports based on the orthogonality between subcarriers and according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port;

[0034] The pilot insertion and transmission module is configured to insert pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot pattern, and transmit the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers, wherein the zero element position indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0035] In one embodiment, before obtaining the positions of the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers, it includes: in the time domain, determining symbols including pilot elements and symbols including zero elements based on the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0036] In one embodiment, before obtaining the positions of the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers, it includes: in the frequency domain, determining frequency subcarriers including pilot elements and frequency subcarriers including zero elements based on the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0037] In one embodiment, before obtaining the positions of the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers, it includes: in the spatial domain, determining subcarriers including pilot elements based on the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0038] The present invention provides a computer device, which includes: a memory, and one or more processors communicatively connected to the memory; instructions executable by the one or more processors are stored in the memory, and when the instructions are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors are enabled to implement the steps of the method according to any one of the above embodiments.

[0039] The embodiments of the present specification provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0040] An embodiment of this specification provides a computer program product, which includes instructions. When the instructions are executed by a processor of a computer device, the computer device can execute the steps of the method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0041] In the above embodiment of the specification, the data transmission method based on the pilot pattern of payload data is applied to a MIMO-PLC system. The MIMO-PLC system includes a power line communication end, and the power line communication end includes a plurality of transmission ports. First, the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid are obtained according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers. Then, the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid are aggregated to obtain the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port among the plurality of transmission ports. Then, based on the orthogonality between subcarriers, according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, the second payload data pilot patterns of other transmission ports among the plurality of transmission ports are determined. Finally, based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot patterns, pilots are inserted into the payload data signal to be transmitted, and the payload data signal to be transmitted is transmitted based on the subcarriers. Among them, the zero element position indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be transmitted. By inserting pilots on the payload data channel, the MIMO channel characteristics can be accurately estimated, which helps to reduce the channel estimation error, and further improves the overall performance of the communication system and the reliability of data transmission. In addition, by using the orthogonality between subcarriers, designing an appropriate pilot pattern can effectively reduce the interference between subcarriers. Description of the Drawings

[0042] Figure 1a It is a schematic diagram of the PPDU signal frame structure provided according to the embodiment of this specification;

[0043] Figure 1b It is a schematic diagram of the payload data channel transmission provided according to the embodiment of this specification;

[0044] Figure 1c It is a schematic diagram of the control data channel transmission provided according to the embodiment of this specification;

[0045] Figure 1d It is a schematic diagram of the preamble signal channel transmission provided according to the embodiment of this specification;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of the data transmission method based on the payload data pilot pattern provided according to the embodiment of this specification;

[0047] Figure 3a It is a schematic diagram of the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port in the time domain for an indoor MIMO system provided according to the embodiment of this specification;

[0048] Figure 3b Schematic diagram of the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port in the time domain for an outdoor MIMO system provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0049] Figure 4a Schematic diagram of the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port in the frequency domain for an indoor MIMO system provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0050] Figure 4b Schematic diagram of the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port in the frequency domain for an outdoor MIMO system provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0051] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port in the spatial domain provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0052] Figure 6a Schematic diagram of the process for determining the second payload data pilot pattern provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0053] Figure 6b Schematic diagram of the payload data pilot pattern of the second transmission port in the time domain for an indoor MIMO system provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0054] Figure 6c Schematic diagram of the payload data pilot pattern of the second transmission port in the time domain for an outdoor MIMO system provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0055] Figure 6d Schematic diagram of the payload data pilot pattern of the third transmission port in the time domain for an outdoor MIMO system provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0056] Figure 7a Schematic diagram of the process for determining the second payload data pilot pattern provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0057] Figure 7b Schematic diagram of the payload data pilot pattern of the second transmission port in the frequency domain for an indoor MIMO system provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0058] Figure 7c Schematic diagram of the payload data pilot pattern of the second transmission port in the frequency domain for an outdoor MIMO system provided according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0059] Figure 7dSchematic diagram of the pilot pattern of the payload data of the third transmission port in the frequency domain for an outdoor MIMO system provided according to the embodiments of this specification;

[0060] Figure 8a Schematic diagram of the pilot pattern in which the pilot occupies all the frequency domain resources of the first time domain symbol provided according to the embodiments of this specification;

[0061] Figure 8b Schematic diagram of the pilot pattern in which the pilot occupies part of the frequency domain resources of the first time domain symbol provided according to the embodiments of this specification;

[0062] Figure 8c Schematic diagram of the pilot pattern in which the pilot is periodically inserted into the payload data in the time domain provided according to the embodiments of this specification;

[0063] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the data transmission device based on the payload data pilot pattern provided according to the embodiments of this specification;

[0064] Figure 10 Internal structure diagram of the computer device provided according to the embodiments of this specification. Detailed implementation manners

[0065] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0066] With the development of communication systems and the significant increase in the number of terminal devices, the application of Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology in various communication systems has become increasingly common. Traditional Power Line Communication (PLC) systems usually adopt a Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) architecture, and such systems only use the differential mode signals of two power lines for data transmission. However, most household power lines actually adopt a three-wire configuration including a phase wire, a neutral wire, and a ground wire, which creates favorable conditions for introducing MIMO technology.

[0067] Using three conductors in the home power line, the MIMO-PLC system can transmit signals simultaneously through multiple transmit ports and receive ports, thus significantly increasing the capacity of data transmission. Specifically, by implementing MIMO technology on the three-wire power line, a channel capacity gain of approximately twice that of the traditional SISO-PLC system can be achieved under the same transmission bandwidth. This improvement enables the MIMO-PLC system to support higher data rates and more reliable communication performance, meeting the growing communication needs.

[0068] In a traditional single-input single-output (SISO) power line communication (PLC) system, the physical layer transmitted protocol data unit (PPDU, Physical Protocol Data Unit) has a specific signal frame structure. Please refer to Figure 1a , the PPDU signal frame structure is as Figure 1a shown:

[0069] Preamble: Used for synchronization and signal detection, including two sub-parts, namely the Short Training Field (STF) and the Long Training Field (LTF).

[0070] Physical Header (PHR): Includes the control word (PHR Control Signal, SIG), which is used to indicate the type of the frame and other control information.

[0071] Physical Service Data Unit (PSDU): Carries the actual data content.

[0072] During the transmission process, the PPDU signal is carried by one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Each OFDM symbol carries a part of the PPDU signal information, enabling the signal to be divided into multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain, thus achieving efficient spectrum utilization and anti-interference capabilities.

[0073] During the MIMO transmission process, the data channel transmission involves the following steps: Please refer to Figure 1b, after the payload data bits are modulated, they are layer-mapped to form multiple (e.g., two) parallel transmission signals to improve the transmission rate. Then, MIMO precoding is used to adjust the amplitude and phase of each signal path to adapt to the characteristics of the wireless channel. After that, resource mapping is performed on the signals, and the signals are mapped to the corresponding carrier frequency resources, and the frequency-domain signals are converted into time-domain discrete signals through IFFT transformation. To cope with the inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by the multipath channel, a cyclic prefix (CP) is added to the time-domain signal. Next, the signal sampling rate is adjusted through the digital front end (DFE), and finally, the digital signal is converted into an analog signal through the analog front end (AFE). After passing through the isolation transformer, the signal is sent through a three-phase four-wire system.

[0074] The MIMO beamforming process of the control signal is as follows: Please refer to Figure 1c , first, the control data bit stream is modulated to form a single-path signal. This single-path signal is weighted and adjusted in power and phase through a 2x1 beamforming matrix, thereby generating two parallel signal paths (the two paths still transmit the same information). Resource mapping is performed on the signals, and these signals are mapped to the corresponding carrier frequency resources, and through IFFT processing similar to the data channel, the frequency-domain signals are converted into time-domain signals. To mitigate the inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation, a cyclic prefix (CP) is added to the time-domain signal. The processed signal is adjusted in sampling rate through the digital front end (DFE), and then converted into an analog signal through the analog front end (AFE). Finally, after passing through the isolation transformer, the signal is sent through a three-phase four-wire system.

[0075] For the transmission of the preamble signal, please refer to Figure 1d , without passing through the modulation module, the preamble signal is weighted and adjusted in power and phase through a 2x1 beamforming matrix, thereby generating two parallel signal paths (the two paths still transmit the same information). Resource mapping is performed on the signals, and these signals are mapped to the corresponding carrier frequency resources, and through IFFT processing similar to the data channel, the frequency-domain signals are converted into time-domain signals. To mitigate the inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation, a cyclic prefix (CP) is added to the time-domain signal. The processed signal is adjusted in sampling rate through the digital front end (DFE), and then converted into an analog signal through the analog front end (AFE). Finally, after passing through the isolation transformer, the signal is sent through a three-phase four-wire system.

[0076] In a traditional single-input single-output (SISO) power line communication (PLC) system, since the payload data part does not contain dedicated pilots, channel estimation relies on the preamble signal. The preamble signal provides preliminary information about the channel to the receiving end, thus supporting the restoration of the transmitted signal. In a SISO system, the preamble signal is defined at the transmitting end and also recognized at the receiving end. By using this known preamble signal at the receiving end, the transmitted frame control information and payload data can be restored simultaneously.

[0077] Compared with the traditional SISO-PLC system, the introduction of MIMO technology can achieve a higher data transmission rate in the PLC system. However, with multiple transceiver port configurations, the received signal at any receiving port is a superposition of signals from multiple different transmitting ports. If one hopes to correctly identify the transmitted signal, the attenuation information of all channels needs to be obtained through channel estimation.

[0078] After the introduction of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, the design of the power line carrier communication (PLC) system becomes more complex. Especially in a MIMO-PLC system, the preamble signal and the data channel are processed differently, which affects the accuracy of channel estimation.

[0079] In a MIMO-PLC system (multiple-input multiple-output power line communication system), the preamble signal usually undergoes beamforming processing, while the data channel uses different precoding techniques. This processing method results in different beamforming effects for the preamble signal and precoding effects in the data channel. Therefore, the channel estimation method based on the preamble sequence is not applicable in a MIMO-PLC system because it cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of the data channel.

[0080] Specifically, when a MIMO system transmits multi-stream signals, the preamble signal is divided into multiple paths through beamforming, while the payload data is divided into different paths through precoding processing. Since beamforming and precoding are two different signal processing techniques, the propagation characteristics of the preamble signal after beamforming are different from those of the precoding propagation of the payload data. This means that relying solely on the preamble signal for channel estimation may lead to large errors, thus affecting system performance.

[0081] To accurately estimate the channel state of the payload data, pilot signals must be inserted separately into the payload data. This method can provide more accurate channel estimation and signal detection, thus more accurately restoring the original transmitted signal in the received signal.

[0082] Based on this, an embodiment of this specification provides a data transmission method based on a pilot pattern of payload data. This method is applied to a MIMO-PLC system, and the MIMO-PLC system includes a power line communication terminal, where the power line communication terminal includes multiple transmission ports. First, the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid are obtained according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers. Then, the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid are aggregated to obtain the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port among the multiple transmission ports. Then, based on the orthogonality between subcarriers, according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, the second payload data pilot patterns of the other transmission ports among the multiple transmission ports are determined. Finally, based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot patterns, pilots are inserted into the payload data signal to be transmitted, and the payload data signal to be transmitted is transmitted based on the subcarriers, where the position of the zero element indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be transmitted. By inserting pilots on the payload data channel, the MIMO channel characteristics can be accurately estimated, which helps to reduce the channel estimation error, and further improves the overall performance of the communication system and the reliability of data transmission. In addition, by utilizing the orthogonality between subcarriers, designing an appropriate pilot pattern can effectively reduce the interference between subcarriers.

[0083] An embodiment of this specification provides a data transmission method based on a pilot pattern of payload data. Please refer to Figure 2 , this method is applied to a MIMO-PLC system. The MIMO-PLC system includes a power line communication terminal, and the power line communication terminal includes multiple transmission ports. This method may include the following steps:

[0084] S210. Obtain the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers.

[0085] S220. Aggregate the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port among the multiple transmission ports.

[0086] Among them, the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid is composed of subcarriers that are continuous in the frequency domain and symbols that are continuous in the time domain.

[0087] Specifically, in a communication system, especially in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, the time-frequency resource grid is a two-dimensional grid used to represent each time symbol period and each subcarrier. Specifically, the vertical axis of the grid represents the frequency domain, where each entry corresponds to a subcarrier; the horizontal axis represents the time domain, where each entry corresponds to a symbol period. The entire grid is formed by the interweaving of multiple subcarriers and symbol periods, forming a matrix.

[0088] In an OFDM system, pilot elements are an important part for channel estimation and compensation. Their positions in the time-frequency resource grid can be adjusted according to the system design requirements. Pilot elements are usually predefined or arranged according to specific protocol rules to ensure that the system can correctly estimate the channel state and perform compensation. Zero elements are usually used to specify that certain subcarriers do not transmit any data (i.e., the signal is zero) within a specific time symbol period, which helps to reduce interference. For example, zero elements can be used to create guard intervals to prevent inter-symbol interference (ISI) or inter-carrier interference (ICI).

[0089] When setting the size of the time-frequency resource grid, first, the number of subcarriers included in each OFDM symbol and the number of symbols in each time slot need to be determined. For example, an OFDM system may use 64 subcarriers and divide each time slot into 10 symbol periods, thus forming a 64x10 time-frequency grid.

[0090] Next, the specific positions of each pilot element in the grid need to be determined. For example, according to the system specifications or protocols, certain frequency-domain subcarriers and time symbol periods may be designated as the positions of pilot signals. The distribution of these pilot elements is usually determined during the system design phase and may be adjusted according to factors such as network load and channel conditions.

[0091] In addition, it is necessary to decide which subcarriers are set to zero within a specific symbol period according to the system design requirements. This setting is to avoid interference and optimize spectrum usage.

[0092] Finally, the positions of all pilot elements and zero elements are summarized to form a complete set of time-frequency resource points. According to these sets, a pattern can be constructed to obtain the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port among multiple transmission ports. The first payload data pilot pattern shows the specific configuration in the time-frequency resource grid of the first transmission port, including the specific layout of pilot elements and zero elements.

[0093] S230. Based on the orthogonality between subcarriers, according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, determine the second payload data pilot patterns of the other transmission ports among the multiple transmission ports.

[0094] S240. Based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot patterns, insert pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted, and transmit the payload data signal to be transmitted based on the subcarriers.

[0095] Among them, the zero element position indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0096] Specifically, by using the principle of orthogonality between subcarriers, analyze how the pilot pattern of the first transmission port affects other transmission ports. The orthogonality of subcarriers ensures that signals on different subcarriers do not interfere with each other. According to the pilot pattern of the first transmission port, determine the second payload data pilot patterns of other transmission ports among multiple transmission ports. These pilot patterns should avoid interference and use the principle of orthogonality to reduce cross-interference.

[0097] Prepare the payload data signal to be transmitted. This signal includes the actual data payload. According to the first payload data pilot pattern defined for the first transmission port, insert pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted at the first transmission port. According to the second payload data pilot patterns of other transmission ports, insert pilots into the payload data signals to be transmitted at other transmission ports. Modulate the payload data signal after inserting pilots to prepare it for transmission in the OFDM system. Map the modulated signal to subcarriers and allocate it according to the predetermined OFDM structure. Each subcarrier will carry certain data and pilot information, and transmit the OFDM symbol to the receiving end through the medium. Among them, the zero-element position indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be transmitted, so as to reduce the interference between multiple transmission ports and maintain the orthogonality of the signal. In this process, the pilot symbols in the signal will help the receiving end perform channel estimation and compensation, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.

[0098] In the above embodiments, the data transmission method based on the payload data pilot pattern is applied to the power line communication terminal, where the power line communication terminal includes multiple transmission ports. First, obtain the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers to get the positions of the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid. Then, aggregate the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port among multiple transmission ports. Then, based on the orthogonality between subcarriers, according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, determine the second payload data pilot patterns of other transmission ports among multiple transmission ports. Finally, based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot patterns, insert pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted, and transmit the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers, where the zero-element position indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be transmitted. By inserting pilots on the payload data channel, the MIMO channel characteristics can be accurately estimated, which helps to reduce the channel estimation error, and further improve the overall performance of the communication system and the reliability of data transmission. In addition, by using the orthogonality between subcarriers, designing appropriate pilot patterns can effectively reduce the interference between subcarriers.

[0099] It should be noted that in a MIMO-PLC (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Power Line Communication) system, the bandwidth requirements of the payload data signal and the frame control signal are different. Generally, the payload data signal needs to support a larger bandwidth because they carry more data content and require a higher data transmission rate.

[0100] In some embodiments, before obtaining the positions of the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers, it may include: in the time domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, determining the symbols including pilot elements and the symbols including zero elements.

[0101] Specifically, in a wireless communication system, the fading characteristics of the channel have a significant impact on the signal transmission quality. The slow fading channel is characterized by the slow change of the channel impulse response within the symbol period, which means that the channel parameters can be considered constant for a period of time. Such characteristics simplify signal processing, especially time-domain estimation methods, because time-domain estimation methods can utilize the stability of the channel for effective estimation, thereby reducing the need for frequency-domain processing.

[0102] In the time domain, the trade-off between the rapidity of signal estimation and system overhead is particularly important. The slow fading channel allows for a stable estimation of the channel state over a longer period because the channel characteristics change slowly. In such an environment, the design and use of pilot signals become particularly crucial. The presence of pilot signals enables the received signal to be interpolated without the need in the frequency domain, which can reduce the computational complexity and improve the speed of signal processing. However, pilot signals are not sensitive to frequency-selective fading, which means they are not effective in estimating a rapidly changing channel with frequency selectivity, but in a slow fading channel, this insensitivity does not pose a problem.

[0103] Therefore, in the time domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, determine which symbols in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid insert pilot elements and which symbols insert zero elements. Such a design helps to reduce system overhead while ensuring signal transmission quality. The insertion of pilot elements can help the receiving end estimate the characteristics of the channel, while the insertion of zero elements helps to reduce signal interference, lower power consumption, and meet orthogonality.

[0104] Exemplarily, PLC MIMO applications can be divided into indoor and outdoor scenarios. For indoor MIMO systems, they utilize the live wire, neutral wire, and ground wire in indoor power lines for data transmission. After introducing wireless MIMO technology, on the basis of the original single-channel transmission of the live wire and neutral wire, new communication paths between the live wire and the ground wire, and between the neutral wire and the ground wire are added. This configuration supports a maximum MIMO combination of 2 transmit and 4 receive, that is, 2 antennas are used at the transmitting end and 4 antennas are used at the receiving end, which can effectively improve the data transmission rate and the overall performance of the system. For the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, in the time domain, pilot elements or zero elements are inserted into each subcarrier at a certain time, that is, inserted into one symbol. Please refer to Figure 3a , along the time axis, pilot elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the first symbol, payload data signals to be transmitted are carried in each subcarrier of the second and third symbols, zero elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the fourth symbol, and payload data signals to be transmitted are carried in each subcarrier of the fifth and sixth symbols. The above symbol arrangement repeats to form a six-symbol period. This periodic arrangement is repeated on the time axis, enabling systematic optimization of signal transmission and channel estimation.

[0105] Outdoor MIMO systems utilize the three-phase power supply lines of the power grid (including three-phase live wires, neutral wire, and ground wire) to introduce wireless MIMO technology, forming multiple transmission channels. In this setup, the maximum supported MIMO combination is 3 transmit and 4 receive, that is, 3 antennas are used at the transmitting end and 4 antennas are used at the receiving end. Such a configuration allows the system to process more data streams simultaneously, improving the transmission rate and system performance. To meet the requirements of different application scenarios, a PSDU (Protocol Data Unit) pilot structure applicable to MIMO-PLC systems can be designed for transmitting 3-stream data signals. When designing, it is necessary to ensure that the pilot structure can effectively support the orthogonality of the system, that is, different data streams can remain non-interfering during signal transmission. For the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, in the time domain, pilot elements or zero elements are inserted into each subcarrier at a certain time, that is, inserted into one symbol. Please refer to Figure 3b , along the time axis, pilot elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the first symbol, payload data signals to be transmitted are carried in each subcarrier of the second and third symbols, zero elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the fourth symbol, payload data signals to be transmitted are carried in each subcarrier of the fifth, sixth, and seventh symbols, zero elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the eighth symbol, and payload data signals to be transmitted are carried in each subcarrier of the ninth symbol.

[0106] In the above embodiments, in the time domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, symbols including pilot elements and symbols including zero elements are rationally designed to more efficiently utilize spectrum resources and improve the spectral efficiency of data transmission.

[0107] In some embodiments, before obtaining the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers, it may include: in the frequency domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, determining the frequency subcarriers including pilot elements and the frequency subcarriers including zero elements.

[0108] Specifically, in a wireless communication system, especially under fast fading channel conditions, signal transmission faces great challenges. In such an environment, specific technologies are needed to ensure the effective transmission and reception of signals. Signal processing in the frequency domain is an effective method because it allows the use of the frequency selectivity characteristics of the channel to optimize signal transmission.

[0109] Selective fading means that the signal will experience different degrees of attenuation at different frequencies, which is caused by multipath propagation and the characteristics of the channel. In a fast fading channel, the fading characteristics of the signal change rapidly, so a technology that can quickly adapt to these changes is needed. To cope with this rapid change, signal processing is performed in the frequency domain by carefully arranging the insertion of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to adapt to the changes in channel conditions.

[0110] Therefore, in the frequency domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, it is determined which frequency subcarriers in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid insert pilot elements and which frequency subcarriers insert zero elements. The insertion of pilot elements is for channel estimation and signal synchronization at the receiving end, while the insertion of zero elements may be to avoid transmitting signals on certain subcarriers, which may be due to the need to avoid interference sources in the spectrum or meet specific spectrum mask requirements.

[0111] Exemplarily, for an indoor MIMO system, in the frequency domain, a pilot element or a zero element is inserted into a certain frequency subcarrier, that is, a pilot element or a zero element will be inserted into this frequency subcarrier at each moment. Please refer to Figure 4a , along the frequency axis, pilot elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the first frequency subcarrier, the payload data signal to be transmitted is carried in each subcarrier of the second frequency subcarrier, and zero elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the third frequency subcarrier. Pilot elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the fourth frequency subcarrier, the payload data signal to be transmitted is carried in each subcarrier of the fifth frequency subcarrier, and zero elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the sixth frequency subcarrier. The payload data signal to be transmitted is carried in each subcarrier of the seventh frequency subcarrier.

[0112] For an outdoor MIMO system, please refer to Figure 4b , along the frequency axis, pilot elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the first frequency subcarrier, the payload data signal to be transmitted is carried in each subcarrier of the second frequency subcarrier, and zero elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the third frequency subcarrier. The payload data signal to be transmitted is carried in each subcarrier of the fourth frequency subcarrier, zero elements are inserted into each subcarrier of the fifth frequency subcarrier, and the payload data signal to be transmitted is carried in each subcarrier of the sixth frequency subcarrier.

[0113] In the above embodiments, in the frequency domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, the frequency subcarriers including pilot elements and the frequency subcarriers including zero elements are reasonably designed, so as to more efficiently utilize the spectrum resources and improve the spectrum efficiency of data transmission.

[0114] In some embodiments, before obtaining the positions of the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarrier, it may include: in the spatial domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, determining the subcarriers including pilot elements.

[0115] Specifically, in the spatial domain design, by distributing the pilot signals in the time and frequency directions, the frequency shift and time delay problems of the system signals can be solved simultaneously. The advantage of this method is that it can comprehensively consider the changes of the signals in time and frequency, thereby improving the adaptability of the system.

[0116] Therefore, in the spatial domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, it is determined which subcarriers in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid insert pilot elements. This process involves precise control of the time-frequency distribution of the signals to ensure accurate channel estimation and signal synchronization at the receiving end, so as to effectively cancel the interference and errors caused by channel changes.

[0117] Exemplarily, in the spatial domain, pilot elements or zero elements are inserted into a certain subcarrier. Please refer to Figure 5 , along the time and frequency axes, with the subcarrier where the first frequency subcarrier intersects the first symbol as the origin, the coordinates increase sequentially along the time direction coordinate and also increase sequentially along the frequency direction coordinate. Therefore, pilot elements are inserted into the subcarrier at (0, 0), pilot elements are inserted into the subcarrier at (2, 1), pilot elements are inserted into the subcarrier at (4, 2), pilot elements are inserted into the subcarrier at (6, 3), and pilot elements are inserted into the subcarrier at (8, 4). The payload data signal to be transmitted is carried in the remaining subcarriers.

[0118] In the above embodiments, in the spatial domain, based on the payload data signal to be transmitted, the subcarriers including pilot elements are reasonably designed, so as to more efficiently utilize the spectrum resources and improve the spectrum efficiency of data transmission.

[0119] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 6a , based on the orthogonality between subcarriers, determining the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports among a plurality of transmit ports according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port may include the following steps:

[0120] S610. Replace the symbols including pilot elements in the first transmit port with symbols including zero elements.

[0121] S620. Replace the symbols including zero elements in the first transmit port with symbols including pilot elements.

[0122] S630. Aggregate all the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports.

[0123] Specifically, in a wireless communication system, orthogonality is a key concept, which ensures that signal components do not interfere with each other, thereby improving the quality and reliability of communication. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology is based on this orthogonality. By dividing the channel into multiple orthogonal sub-channels in the frequency domain, the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other, enabling efficient utilization of spectrum resources, reducing the interference between subcarriers, and greatly improving the spectrum utilization rate.

[0124] In a MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system, orthogonality is equally crucial. The MIMO technology uses multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver to achieve multipath propagation and spatial multiplexing of signals, so as to improve the performance of the communication system. The MIMO system can utilize technologies such as space diversity, spatial multiplexing, and space-time coding to improve the reliability and coverage of signals, while significantly enhancing the system capacity and spectrum utilization rate.

[0125] In the time domain, replacing the symbols including pilot elements in the first transmit port with symbols including zero elements will make the signals at these positions have no pilot information. On the contrary, replacing the symbols including zero elements in the first transmit port with symbols including pilot elements, all the symbols that were originally zero elements will now contain pilot information. After the above symbol replacement operations, a new set of pilot and zero elements will be formed in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid. Then, aggregate all the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports.

[0126] Exemplarily, for an indoor MIMO system, it supports a 2 transmit and 4 receive MIMO combination, that is, 2 antennas are used at the transmitting end and 4 antennas are used at the receiving end. The design of this structure should ensure the orthogonality of the system, that is, there is no interference between different signal streams. To meet this requirement, it is necessary to ensure that the signals of the two transmitting ports can maintain orthogonality in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid, so as to achieve the best signal isolation and data transmission effect. For the second payload data pilot pattern of the second transmitting port, please refer to Figure 6b , along the time axis, replace the pilot elements with zero elements in each subcarrier of the first symbol, carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each subcarrier of the second and third symbols, replace the zero elements with pilot elements in each subcarrier of the fourth symbol, and carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each subcarrier of the fifth and sixth symbols. The above symbol arrangement repeats to form a six-symbol period. This periodic arrangement is repeated on the time axis, so that signal transmission and channel estimation can be systematically optimized.

[0127] The MIMO combination supported by the outdoor MIMO system is 3 transmit and 4 receive, that is, 3 antennas are used at the transmitting end and 4 antennas are used at the receiving end. During the design, it is necessary to ensure that the pilot structure can effectively support the orthogonality of the system, that is, during signal transmission, different data streams can remain non-interfering with each other. For the second transmitting port, please refer to Figure 6c , along the time axis, replace the pilot elements with zero elements in each subcarrier of the first symbol, carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each subcarrier of the second and third symbols, replace the zero elements with pilot elements in each subcarrier of the fourth symbol, carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each subcarrier of the fifth, sixth, and seventh symbols, insert zero elements in each subcarrier of the eighth symbol, and carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each subcarrier of the ninth symbol.

[0128] For the third transmitting port, please refer to Figure 6d , along the time axis, replace the pilot elements with zero elements in each subcarrier of the first symbol, carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each subcarrier of the second and third symbols, insert zero elements in each subcarrier of the fourth symbol, carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each subcarrier of the fifth, sixth, and seventh symbols, replace the pilot elements with zero elements in each subcarrier of the eighth symbol, and carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each subcarrier of the ninth symbol.

[0129] In the above embodiments, the symbols including pilot elements in the first transmission port are replaced with symbols including zero elements, and the symbols including zero elements in the first transmission port are replaced with symbols including pilot elements. By aggregating all the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid, the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmission ports is obtained, meeting the system's requirement for orthogonality.

[0130] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 7a , based on the orthogonality between subcarriers, according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, determining the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmission ports among multiple transmission ports may include the following steps:

[0131] S710. Replace the frequency subcarriers including pilot elements in the first transmission port with frequency subcarriers including zero elements.

[0132] S720. Replace the frequency subcarriers including zero elements in the first transmission port with frequency subcarriers including pilot elements.

[0133] S730. Aggregate all the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmission ports.

[0134] Specifically, in a MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system, orthogonality is also crucial. The MIMO technology uses multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver to achieve multipath propagation and spatial multiplexing of signals, thereby improving the performance of the communication system. The MIMO system can utilize techniques such as space diversity, spatial multiplexing, and space-time coding to improve the reliability and coverage of signals, while significantly enhancing the system's capacity and spectrum utilization rate.

[0135] In the frequency domain, replacing the frequency subcarriers including pilot elements in the first transmission port with frequency subcarriers including zero elements will result in signals at these positions having no pilot information. Conversely, replacing the frequency subcarriers including zero elements in the first transmission port with frequency subcarriers including pilot elements, all the symbols that were originally zero elements will now contain pilot information. After the above symbol replacement operations, a new set of pilot and zero elements will be formed in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid. Then, by aggregating all the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid, the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmission ports is obtained.

[0136] Exemplarily, for an indoor MIMO system, for the second transmission port, referring to Figure 7b, along the frequency axis, replace the pilot elements with zero elements in each sub - carrier of the first frequency sub - carrier, carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each sub - carrier of the second frequency sub - carrier, and replace the zero elements with pilot elements in each sub - carrier of the third frequency sub - carrier. Replace the pilot elements with zero elements in each sub - carrier of the fourth frequency sub - carrier, carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each sub - carrier of the fifth frequency sub - carrier, and replace the zero elements with pilot elements in each sub - carrier of the sixth frequency sub - carrier. Carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each sub - carrier of the seventh frequency sub - carrier.

[0137] For the outdoor MIMO system, for the second transmission port, please refer to Figure 7c , along the frequency axis, replace the pilot elements with zero elements in each sub - carrier of the first frequency sub - carrier, carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each sub - carrier of the second frequency sub - carrier, and replace the zero elements with pilot elements in each sub - carrier of the third frequency sub - carrier. Carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each sub - carrier of the fourth frequency sub - carrier, insert zero elements in each sub - carrier of the fifth frequency sub - carrier, and carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each sub - carrier of the sixth frequency sub - carrier.

[0138] For the third transmission port, please refer to Figure 7d , along the frequency axis, replace the pilot elements with zero elements in each sub - carrier of the first frequency sub - carrier, carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each sub - carrier of the second frequency sub - carrier, and insert zero elements in each sub - carrier of the third frequency sub - carrier. Carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each sub - carrier of the fourth frequency sub - carrier, replace the zero elements with pilot elements in each sub - carrier of the fifth frequency sub - carrier, and carry the payload data signal to be transmitted in each sub - carrier of the sixth frequency sub - carrier.

[0139] In the above - mentioned embodiments, replace the frequency sub - carriers including pilot elements in the first transmission port with frequency sub - carriers including zero elements, and replace the frequency sub - carriers including zero elements in the first transmission port with frequency sub - carriers including pilot elements. Aggregate all the pilot elements and zero elements in the two - dimensional time - frequency resource grid to obtain the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmission ports, which meets the system's requirement for orthogonality.

[0140] In some embodiments, based on the orthogonality between sub - carriers, according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, determining the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmission ports among multiple transmission ports may include the following steps: using the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port as the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmission ports.

[0141] Specifically, in a system with multiple transmit ports, since the pilot sequences of each port are designed to be orthogonal, which means they are independent in the signal space and do not interfere with each other. Therefore, the same pilot pattern can be used in all transmit ports to simplify the system design and implementation. This method utilizes the orthogonal property of the pilots, enabling the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port to be directly applied to the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports. This consistency not only ensures that the pilot signals do not interfere with each other between different ports but also simplifies the system synchronization and decoding processes, thereby improving the transmission efficiency and stability of the entire system.

[0142] In the above embodiment, using the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port as the second payload data pilot pattern of other transmit ports meets the system's requirement for orthogonality.

[0143] In some embodiments, other transmit ports include a second transmit port. Based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot pattern, inserting pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted and transmitting the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers may include: inserting a first pilot into the payload data signal to be transmitted based on the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port and transmitting the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers. Inserting a second pilot into the payload data signal to be transmitted based on the second payload data pilot pattern of the second transmit port and transmitting the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers.

[0144] Wherein, the second pilot is orthogonal to the first pilot.

[0145] Specifically, when the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port is the same as the second payload data pilot pattern of the second transmit port, the pilots are predefined known signals that are inserted into the data transmission so that the receiver can use them to estimate the characteristics of the channel, such as phase offset and delay spread. For the first transmit port, according to the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmit port, a first pilot is inserted into the payload data signal to be transmitted. For the second transmit port, according to the second payload data pilot pattern of the second transmit port, a second pilot that is orthogonal to the first pilot is inserted into the payload data signal to be transmitted. The payload data signal after inserting the pilots is modulated to prepare it for transmission in the OFDM system. The modulated signal is mapped onto subcarriers and allocated according to a predetermined OFDM structure. Each subcarrier will carry certain data and pilot information, and the OFDM symbol is transmitted through the medium to the receiving end. During this process, the pilot symbols in the signal will help the receiving end perform channel estimation and compensation, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.

[0146] In the above embodiments, based on the first payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port, the first pilot is inserted into the payload data signal to be transmitted, and the payload data signal to be transmitted is transmitted based on subcarriers. Based on the second payload data pilot pattern of the second transmission port, the second pilot is inserted into the payload data signal to be transmitted, and the payload data signal to be transmitted is transmitted based on subcarriers, improving the performance of the communication system, especially in terms of the accuracy of channel estimation and the system's multipath resistance ability.

[0147] It should be noted that pilot design mainly considers two aspects: the selection of pilot form and the orthogonality design of pilot symbols. First of all, these two aspects do not conflict with each other and can be optimized and designed independently. The above embodiments of the specification specifically illustrate the orthogonality design of pilots. The selection of pilot form is described as follows:

[0148] The selection of pilot form involves how to allocate pilot resources to balance the rapidity of signal estimation and system overhead. Specifically, please refer to Figure 8a , the payload data pilot can occupy all the frequency domain resources in the frequency domain resources of the first time-domain signal to provide the most comprehensive channel information, thereby improving the accuracy of signal estimation, but it will also bring a large system overhead, including higher bandwidth and computational burden. On the other hand, the pilot can also only occupy part of the frequency domain resources. Please refer to Figure 8b , which can reduce the system overhead, but may reduce the accuracy of signal estimation. When designing the pilot pattern, the position of the pilot on the subcarriers is not fixed, and the appropriate pilot position and density need to be selected according to specific requirements and constraints.

[0149] When the physical block (PHY Block, PB) for payload data transmission is large, taking the case of transmitting a signal with 1 stream in MIMO as an example, to ensure the reliability and performance of signal transmission, please refer to Figure 8c , in addition to inserting a pilot in the first time-domain symbol, a pilot also needs to be inserted in the (K / 2 + 1)-th time-domain symbol, where K represents the total number of time-domain symbols occupied by the current transmission block. Such a design can improve the accuracy of channel estimation and ensure that there is sufficient pilot information throughout the transmission block.

[0150] For special cases, when the data channel uses 2-stream (or more streams) data transmission, the pilots for each stream must be configured separately to ensure that the channel estimation of each stream signal can be accurately supported. In contrast, if the data channel only has single-stream data, the pilots in the PHR can be reused for channel estimation, thus simplifying the system design and reducing the overhead.

[0151] An embodiment of this specification provides a data transmission device 900 based on a pilot pattern of payload data. The device is applied to an MIMO-PLC system, which includes a power line communication terminal. The power line communication terminal includes a plurality of transmission ports. Please refer to Figure 9 The data transmission device 900 based on the pilot pattern of payload data includes: an element position determination module 910, a first pilot pattern determination module 920, a second pilot pattern determination module 930, and a pilot insertion and transmission module 940.

[0152] The element position determination module 910 is configured to obtain the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in a two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in a subcarrier; wherein, the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid is composed of subcarriers with continuous frequency domains and symbols with continuous time domains;

[0153] The first pilot pattern determination module 920 is configured to aggregate the pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain a first payload data pilot pattern of a first transmission port among the plurality of transmission ports;

[0154] The second pilot pattern determination module 930 is configured to determine second payload data pilot patterns of other transmission ports among the plurality of transmission ports based on the orthogonality between subcarriers according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmission port;

[0155] The pilot insertion and transmission module 940 is configured to insert pilots into the payload data signal to be transmitted based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot pattern, and transmit the payload data signal to be transmitted based on subcarriers, where the position of the zero element indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0156] In some embodiments, before obtaining the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in a subcarrier, it includes: in the time domain, determining symbols including pilot elements and symbols including zero elements based on the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0157] In some embodiments, before obtaining the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in a subcarrier, it includes: in the frequency domain, determining frequency subcarriers including pilot elements and frequency subcarriers including zero elements based on the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0158] In some embodiments, before obtaining the positions of pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid based on the time-frequency domain positions of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarriers, it includes: in the spatial domain, determining subcarriers including pilot elements based on the payload data signal to be transmitted.

[0159] For the specific description of the data transmission device based on the payload data pilot pattern, reference can be made to the description of the data transmission method based on the payload data pilot pattern in the foregoing, which will not be elaborated here.

[0160] Embodiments of this specification provide a computer device, which may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as Figure 10 shown. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen, and an input device connected through a system bus. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal in a wired or wireless manner, and the wireless manner can be implemented through WIFI, a carrier network, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a data transmission method based on a payload data pilot pattern. The display screen of the computer device may be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device may be a touch layer covered on the display screen, or may be a button, a trackball, or a touchpad provided on the housing of the computer device, or may also be an external keyboard, a touchpad, or a mouse, etc.

[0161] Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 10 the structure shown in

[0162] is only a block diagram of some parts of the structure related to the solution disclosed in this specification, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution disclosed in this specification is applied. Specifically, the computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine some components, or have different component arrangements.

[0163] An embodiment of this specification provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method in any of the above embodiments.

[0164] Note that the logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a definite sequence list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be specifically implemented in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other systems that can fetch instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions), or used in combination with these instruction execution systems, apparatuses, or devices. For the purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium include the following: an electrical connection part having one or more wirings (electronic device), a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium can even be paper or other suitable media on which a program can be printed, as the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other media, followed by editing, interpretation, or otherwise processing as appropriate, and then storing it in a computer memory.

Claims

1. A data transmission method based on a payload data pilot pattern, characterized in that: The method is applied to a MIMO-PLC system, the MIMO-PLC system includes a power line communication terminal, the power line communication terminal includes a plurality of transmission ports, and the method includes: According to the time-frequency domain position of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarrier, the position of the pilot element and the zero element in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid is obtained; wherein the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid is composed of subcarriers continuous in the frequency domain and symbols continuous in the time domain; Aggregating pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain a first payload data pilot pattern for a first transmitting port among the multiple transmitting ports; Based on the orthogonality between the subcarriers, and according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmitting port, determining a second payload data pilot pattern of other transmitting ports among the multiple transmitting ports; Based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot pattern, a pilot is inserted into a payload data signal to be sent, and the payload data signal to be sent is transmitted based on a subcarrier, wherein the zero element position indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be sent.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining, according to the time-frequency domain position of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarrier, before the position of the pilot element and the zero element in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid includes: In the time domain, based on the payload data signal to be sent, symbols including pilot elements and symbols including zero elements are determined.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The obtaining, according to the time-frequency domain position of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarrier, before the position of the pilot element and the zero element in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid includes: In the frequency domain, based on the payload data signal to be sent, frequency subcarriers including pilot elements and frequency subcarriers including zero elements are determined.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining, according to the time-frequency domain position of each pilot element and zero element in the subcarrier, before the position of the pilot element and the zero element in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid includes: In the spatial domain, based on the payload data signal to be sent, a subcarrier including a pilot element is determined.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The determining, based on the orthogonality between the subcarriers and according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmitting port, second payload data pilot patterns of other transmitting ports among the multiple transmitting ports comprises: Replacing symbols including pilot elements in the first transmission port with symbols including zero elements; Replacing symbols including zero elements in the first transmission port with symbols including pilot elements; All pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid are aggregated to obtain second payload data pilot patterns of other transmission ports.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The determining, based on the orthogonality between the subcarriers and according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmitting port, second payload data pilot patterns of other transmitting ports among the multiple transmitting ports comprises: replacing a frequency subcarrier including a pilot element in the first transmission port with a frequency subcarrier including a zero element; replacing a frequency subcarrier including zero elements in the first transmission port with a frequency subcarrier including pilot elements; All pilot elements and zero elements in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid are aggregated to obtain second payload data pilot patterns of other transmission ports.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The determining, based on the orthogonality between the subcarriers and according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmitting port, second payload data pilot patterns of other transmitting ports among the multiple transmitting ports comprises: The payload data pilot pattern of the first sending port is used as the second payload data pilot pattern of other sending ports.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The other transmitting ports include a second transmitting port, and the inserting a pilot into a payload data signal to be transmitted based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot pattern, and transmitting the payload data signal to be transmitted based on a subcarrier, comprises: inserting a first pilot into a payload data signal to be sent based on a first payload data pilot pattern of the first sending port, and transmitting the payload data signal to be sent based on a subcarrier; Based on the second payload data pilot pattern of the second transmitting port, a second pilot is inserted into the payload data signal to be transmitted, and the payload data signal to be transmitted is transmitted based on a subcarrier, wherein the second pilot is orthogonal to the first pilot.

9. A data transmission device based on a payload data pilot pattern, characterized in that: The device is applied to a MIMO-PLC system, the MIMO-PLC system includes a power line communication terminal, the power line communication terminal includes a plurality of transmission ports, and the device includes: An element position determination module, used to obtain the position of the pilot element and the zero element in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain position of each pilot element and the zero element in the subcarrier; wherein the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid is composed of subcarriers continuous in the frequency domain and symbols continuous in the time domain; A first pilot pattern determination module, configured to aggregate pilot elements and zero elements in a two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid to obtain a first load data pilot pattern of a first sending port among the multiple sending ports; A second pilot pattern determining module, configured to determine, based on orthogonality between subcarriers and according to the payload data pilot pattern of the first transmitting port, second payload data pilot patterns of other transmitting ports among the plurality of transmitting ports; A pilot insertion and transmission module is used to insert a pilot into a payload data signal to be sent based on the first payload data pilot pattern and the second payload data pilot pattern, and transmit the payload data signal to be sent based on a subcarrier, wherein the zero element position indicates that the corresponding subcarrier does not carry the payload data signal to be sent.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that The method of obtaining the position of the pilot element and the zero element in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain position of each pilot element and the zero element in the subcarrier includes: in the time domain, based on the payload data signal to be sent, determining the symbols including the pilot elements and the symbols including the zero elements.

11. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that The method of obtaining the position of the pilot element and the zero element in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain position of each pilot element and the zero element in the subcarrier includes: in the frequency domain, based on the payload data signal to be sent, determining the frequency subcarrier including the pilot element and the frequency subcarrier including the zero element.

12. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that The method of obtaining the position of the pilot element and the zero element in the two-dimensional time-frequency resource grid according to the time-frequency domain position of each pilot element and the zero element in the subcarrier includes: in the spatial domain, based on the payload data signal to be sent, determining the subcarrier including the pilot element.

13. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

14. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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