Air-to-ground communication

Abstract

One disclosure of the present disclosure provides a UE that performs communication. The UE comprises: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions and operatively and electrically connectable to the one or more processors, where operations performed by the one or more processors based on the instructions comprise the steps of: receiving a system information message from a serving cell; and transmitting an uplink signal based on the timing advance value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to radio communications. Background Art

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for implementing high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE goals, including those aimed at reducing user and supplier costs, improving service quality, and expanding and improving coverage and system capacity. 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, simple structure, open interfaces, and sufficient power consumption of terminals as upper layer requirements.

[0003] Development of requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems has begun in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP. 3GPP must identify and develop technical components for successful standardization of new RATs that will meet both immediate market needs and longer-term requirements set forth by the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process in a timely manner. In addition, NR should be able to use any spectrum band in the range of at least up to 100 GHz that can be used for wireless communications even in the more distant future.

[0004] The goal of NR is a single technology framework that addresses all use cases, requirements and deployment scenarios, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. NR should be inherently forward compatible.

[0005] Communication between an aircraft or airplane and a base station on the ground is being discussed. The aircraft or airplane may be referred to as an air-to-ground (ATG) user equipment (UE), for example. However, due to the timing delay between the base station on the ground and the ATG UE, efficient communication has not been achieved in the past. Summary of the invention

[0006] Technical Solution

[0007] In one aspect, a UE for performing communication is provided. The UE includes: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories, the one or more memories storing instructions and being electrically coupled to the one or more processors in operation, wherein the instructions are executed by the one or more processors, and wherein the operations performed based on the execution of the instructions by the one or more processors include: receiving a system information message from a serving cell; and sending an uplink signal based on a timing advance value.

[0008] In another aspect, a method is provided and includes performing operations by a UE.

[0009] In one aspect, a serving cell for performing communication is provided. The serving cell includes: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories, the one or more memories storing instructions and being electrically coupled to the one or more processors in operation, wherein the instructions are executed by the one or more processors, and wherein the operations performed based on the execution of the instructions by the one or more processors include: sending a system information message to a UE; and receiving an uplink signal from the UE.

[0010] In another aspect, a method is provided that includes performing actions on a serving cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0012] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0013] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0014] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0015] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0016] Figure 6 An example schematically illustrating the relationship between uplink timing and downlink timing is shown.

[0017] Figure 7 An example of performing ATG communication is illustrated.

[0018] Figure 8a and Figure 8b An example of UL and DL overlapping due to delay according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0019] Fig. 9 A first example of a method for calculating propagation delay is illustrated.

[0020] Fig.10 A second example of a method for calculating propagation delay is illustrated.

[0021] Fig.11 An example of scheduling restriction based on propagation delay according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0022] Fig.12An example of a process of enabling or disabling deriveSSB-IndexFromCell by a network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0023] Fig.13 An example of a process in which a UE enables or disables deriveSSB-IndexFromCell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0024] Fig.14 An example of SMTC window and SS / PBCH block (SSB) (or synchronization signal block) configuration according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0025] Fig.15 An example of operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following techniques, devices and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access) systems, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) systems, TDMA (time division multiple access) systems, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) systems, SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems, and MC-FDMA (multi-carrier frequency division multiple access) systems. CDMA can be implemented by wireless technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented by wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (Wi MAX), IEEE 802.20, or E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA for downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA for uplink (UL).

[0027] The following techniques, devices and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. The evolutions of 3GPP LTE include LTE-A (Advanced), LTE-A Pro and / or 5G NR (New Radio).

[0028] For ease of description, the implementation of the present disclosure is mainly described with respect to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0029] For terms and techniques not specifically described among the terms and techniques used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to the present disclosure.

[0030] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B, or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0031] In the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma (,) may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0032] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as being the same as "at least one of A and B".

[0033] In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0034] In addition, the brackets used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when it is shown as "control information (ie, PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0035] The technical features described separately in one drawing of the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0036] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0037] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks and / or functional blocks.

[0038] Although a user equipment (UE) is illustrated by way of example in the drawings, the illustrated UE may be referred to as a terminal, a mobile equipment (ME), etc. In addition, the UE may be a portable device such as a notebook computer, a mobile phone, a PDA, a smart phone, and a multimedia device, or may be a non-portable device such as a PC or a vehicle-mounted device.

[0039] In the following, UE is used as an example of a wireless communication device (or wireless device or wireless equipment) capable of wireless communication. The operation performed by the UE may be performed by a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless device, a wireless equipment, etc. In the following, AMF may refer to an AMF node, SMF may refer to an SMF node, and UPF may refer to a UPF node.

[0040] The base station used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and may also be referred to as an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, and a next-generation NodeB (gNB).

[0041] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0042] Figure 1 The 5G usage scenarios shown in are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to Figure 1 Other 5G usage scenarios not shown.

[0043] The three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) category.

[0044] Some use cases may require multiple categories for optimization, and others may focus only on key performance indicators (KPIs). 5G supports these various use cases with a flexible and reliable approach.

[0045] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access and covers a large number of two-way operations in the cloud and augmented reality as well as media and entertainment applications. Data is one of the core driving forces of 5G, and in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be provided for the first time. In 5G, it is expected that the data connection provided by the communication system will be used as an application to simply process voice. The main reason for the increase in traffic is due to the increase in content size and the increase in the number of applications that require high data transmission rates. As more devices are connected to the Internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile Internet access will be more widely used. These many applications require connectivity in an always-on state to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in mobile communication platforms and can be applied to both operations and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that accelerates the growth of uplink data transmission rates. 5G is also used for remote cloud operations. When using a tactile interface, 5G requires lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good experience for users. Entertainment (e.g., cloud games and video streaming) is another core element that increases the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets anywhere, including in high mobility environments such as trains, vehicles and airplanes. Other use cases are augmented reality for entertainment and information search. In this case, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0046] Additionally, one of the most anticipated 5G use cases involves the ability to smoothly connect embedded sensors in all fields (i.e., mMTC). The number of potential Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expected to reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one of the categories that plays a major role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

[0047] URLLC includes new services that will transform industries (e.g., autonomous vehicles) through remote control of key infrastructure and ultra-reliable / available low-latency links. To control smart grids, automate industry, enable robotics, and control and regulate drones, the level of reliability and latency is critical.

[0048] 5G is a means of providing streaming services estimated at a few hundred megabits per second to a gigabit per second, and can complement fiber to the home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such fast speeds are needed to deliver 4K or higher (6K, 8K and higher) resolution TV as well as virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include virtually immersive sports games. Specific applications may require special network configurations. For example, for VR games, gaming companies need to merge core servers into network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0049] Along with many use cases for mobile communications for vehicles, it is expected that cars will become a new important driving force in 5G. For example, the entertainment of passengers requires high simultaneous capacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This is because future users continue to expect high-quality connections regardless of their location and speed. Another use case in the automotive field is the AR dashboard. The AR dashboard enables the driver to identify objects in the dark in addition to the objects seen from the front window, and displays the distance to the object and the movement of the object by overlapping the information told to the driver. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between cars and other connected devices (e.g., devices attached to pedestrians). The safety system guides alternative behavior processes so that drivers can drive more safely, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. The next stage will be remote control or autonomous vehicles. This requires very high reliability and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will only focus on abnormal traffic that cannot be recognized by the vehicle. The technical requirements of autonomous vehicles require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to increase traffic safety to a level that humans cannot reach.

[0050] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, known as smart societies, will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks of smart sensors will identify conditions for cost and energy-saving maintenance in cities or homes. Similar configurations can be performed for individual homes. Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances are all wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically have low data transfer rates, power, and costs. However, certain types of devices may require real-time HD video to perform monitoring.

[0051] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is distributed at a higher level, requiring automatic control of a distributed sensor network. Smart grids collect information and use digital information and communication technologies to connect sensors to each other to act according to the collected information. Since this information can include the behavior of power supply companies and consumers, smart grids can improve the distribution of fuels such as electricity by methods with efficiency, reliability, economic viability, production sustainability and automation. Smart grids can also be considered as another sensor network with low latency.

[0052] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-health) are one of the 5G use cases. The health segment contains many applications that can enjoy the benefits of mobile communications. The communication system can support telemedicine that provides clinical treatment in distant places. Telemedicine can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to medical services that are not continuously available in remote rural areas. Telemedicine is also used to perform important treatments and save lives in emergency situations. Wireless sensor networks based on mobile communications can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0053] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in the field of industrial applications. Cabling is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity in many industrial fields. However, in order to achieve this replacement, wireless connections need to be established with latency, reliability and capacity similar to cables, and the management of wireless connections needs to be simplified. When it comes to connecting to 5G, low latency and very low error probability are new requirements.

[0054] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, which allow inventory and packages to be tracked anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight use cases typically require low data rates, but require location information with wide range and reliability.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 , the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, a base station (BS) 200, and a network 300. Figure 1A 5G network is shown as an example of a network of the communication system 1, but implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system and may be applied to future communication systems other than the 5G system.

[0056] The BS 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0057] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that perform communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or LTE), and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an IoT device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. A vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like. Handheld devices may include smart phones, smart boards, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0058] In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a tablet personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the field of the fourth industrial revolution.

[0059] A UAV may be, for example, an aircraft that is flown by wireless control signals without humans on board.

[0060] VR devices may include, for example, devices for realizing objects or backgrounds of a virtual world. AR devices may include, for example, devices realized by connecting objects or backgrounds of a virtual world to objects or backgrounds of a real world. MR devices may include, for example, devices realized by merging objects or backgrounds of a virtual world into objects or backgrounds of a real world. Holographic devices may include, for example, devices for realizing 360-degree stereoscopic images by recording and reproducing stereoscopic information using an interference phenomenon of light generated when two lasers meet, called holography.

[0061] Public safety devices may include, for example, image relay devices or image devices wearable on a user's body.

[0062] MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation, for example. For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0063] For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating or correcting an injury or disorder. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of inspecting, replacing or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for surgery, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid or a device for surgery.

[0064] For example, a safety device may be a device installed to prevent possible danger and maintain safety. For example, a safety device may be a camera, a closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0065] For example, a FinTech device may be a device that can provide financial services such as mobile payment. For example, a FinTech device may include a payment device or a point of sale (POS) system.

[0066] Weather / environmental devices may include, for example, devices for monitoring or predicting weather / environmental conditions.

[0067] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. The AI ​​technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a super 5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., side link communication) with each other without passing through the BS 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). An IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0068] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BS 200. In this document, wireless communication / connection may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS 200 / wireless devices 100a to 100f may send / receive radio signals to each other through wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may send / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, various configuration information configuration processes for sending / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and at least a portion of a resource allocation process may be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0069] AI means the field that studies artificial intelligence or methods that can create it, and machine learning refers to the field that defines the various problems addressed in the field of AI and methods to solve them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a task through steady experience with the task.

[0070] A robot means a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task by its own ability. Specifically, a robot that has the ability to recognize the environment and make self-determination to perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. According to the purpose or field of use, robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. The robot can perform various physical operations such as moving the robot joints using actuators or motors. The movable robot also includes wheels, brakes, propellers, etc. on the drive, allowing it to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0071] Autonomous driving means the technology of self-driving, and autonomous vehicles mean vehicles that are driven without user control or with minimal user control. For example, autonomous driving may include keeping lane movement, automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), automatically driving along a set route, and automatically setting a route when a destination is set. Vehicles include vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped with electric motors, and may include trains, motorcycles, etc. as well as cars. Autonomous vehicles can be regarded as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0072] Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology only provides objects and backgrounds of the real world through computer graphics (CG) images. AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of real object images. MR technology is a CG technology that combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that they show real objects and virtual objects together. However, the difference is that in AR technology, virtual objects are used as a complementary form of real objects, while in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used as the same characteristics.

[0073] NR supports multiple parameter sets (and / or multiple subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15kHz, wide areas can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if the SCS is 30kHz / 60kHz, dense cities, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths can be supported. If the SCS is 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0074] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges, namely, FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may vary. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 1. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "below 6 GHz range", FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range", and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 may include FR 2-1 and FR 2-2 as shown in the examples of Tables 1 and 2.

[0075] [Table 1]

[0076]

[0077] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 may include an unlicensed frequency band. The unlicensed frequency band can be used for various purposes (e.g., for communication of vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving)).

[0078] [Table 2]

[0079]

[0080] Here, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, which may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be referred to as various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate a personal area network (PAN) associated with low-power / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to as various names.

[0081] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0082] Reference Figure 2 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 may transmit / receive radio signals to / from an external device through various RATs (eg, LTE and NR).

[0083] exist Figure 2 In the example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Figure 1 At least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f} and / or {BS200 and BS200}.

[0084] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 106 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 101 ), and / or one or more antennas 108 .

[0085] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 102 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 104 ). Figure 2 It is exemplarily shown that the memory 104 is included in the processing chip 101. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be placed outside the processing chip 101.

[0086] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process the information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then send a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0087] The memory 104 may be operatively connected to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store software code 105 implementing instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0088] In this document, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0089] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 206 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 201 ), and / or one or more antennas 208 .

[0090] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (eg, processor 202 ) and at least one memory (eg, memory 204 ). Figure 2 It is exemplarily shown that the memory 204 is included in the processing chip 201. Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be placed outside the processing chip 201.

[0091] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then send a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0092] The memory 204 may be operatively connected to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store software code 205 implementing instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0093] In this document, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0094] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by (but not limited to) one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the description, function, process, suggestion, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, process, suggestion, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed in the present disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, and provide the generated signal to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 according to the description, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information.

[0095] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using software or firmware in the form of codes, commands and / or command sets.

[0096] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, register, flash memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0097] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can send user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, suggestion, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in the present disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, suggestion, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in the present disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and send and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can send user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0098] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0099] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals so as to process the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals into RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may up-convert OFDM baseband signals into OFDM signals through their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive the OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal to an OFDM baseband signal through its (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202 .

[0100] In an implementation of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in an uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in a downlink (DL). Within an implementation of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. In the following, for ease of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as a UE and the second wireless device 200 acts as a BS. For example, a processor 102 connected to, installed on, or started in the first wireless device 100 may be configured to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure, or to control a transceiver 106 to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. A processor 202 connected to, installed on, or started in the second wireless device 200 may be configured to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure, or to control a transceiver 206 to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0101] In this disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a Node B (NB), an eNodeB (eNB), or a gNB.

[0102] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0103] Can be based on use cases / services (see Figure 1 ) Wireless devices are implemented in various forms.

[0104] Reference Figure 3, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to Figure 2 The wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present invention may be configured by various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130 and an additional component 140. The communication unit 110 may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Figure 2 One or more processors 102 and 202 and / or Figure 2 One or more memories 104 and 204. For example, the transceiver 114 may include Figure 2 One or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or Figure 2 The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface via the communication unit 110, or store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface via the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0105] The additional component 140 may be variously configured according to the type of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional component 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be in the form of (but not limited to) a robot ( Figure 1 100a), vehicles ( Figure 1 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Figure 1 100c), handheld device ( Figure 1 100d), household appliances ( Figure 1 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 1 100f), digital broadcasting terminal, holographic device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, FinTech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Figure 1 400), BS( Figure 1in the form of wireless devices 100 and 200), network nodes, etc. The wireless devices 100 and 200 can be used in mobile or fixed positions according to usage examples / services.

[0106] In Figure 3 , various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 can be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part of them can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130 and 140) can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 can be configured by RAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0107] <Working frequency bands of NR>

[0108] The working frequency bands in NR are as follows.

[0109] The working frequency bands in Table 3 below are the working frequency bands converted (refarmed) from the working frequency bands of LTE / LTE-A. This can be referred to as the FR1 band.

[0110] [Table 3]

[0111]

[0112] The following table shows the NR working frequency bands defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band.

[0113] [Table 4]

[0114]

[0115] <Overview of 6G systems>

[0116] The 6G (wireless communication) system has purposes such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The conception of the 6G system may include four aspects such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity", and "universal connectivity", and the 6G system may meet the requirements shown in Table 5 below. That is, Table 5 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0117] [Table 5]

[0118] Peak data rate per device 1Tbps E2E Latency 1ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km / hr Satellite Integration completely AI completely Autonomous Vehicles completely XR completely Tactile communication completely

[0119] The 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communications, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0120] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0121] The 6G system will have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than the 5G wireless communication system. In 6G communication, URLLC (a key feature of 5G) will become a more important technology by providing an end-to-end delay of less than 1ms. At this time, unlike the frequently used regional spectrum efficiency, the 6G system can have much better volumetric spectrum efficiency (volumetricspectrum efficiency). The 6G system can provide advanced battery technology for energy collection and very long battery life. Therefore, in the 6G system, mobile devices may not need to be charged separately. In addition, in 6G, new network features may be as follows.

[0122] -Satellite integrated network: To provide global mobile groups, 6G will be integrated with satellites. Integrating ground waves, satellites, and public networks into one wireless communication system may be very important for 6G.

[0123] -Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, and wireless evolution can be updated from "connecting things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or every step of the signal processing process described below).

[0124] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks can deliver power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0125] -Ubiquitous super 3-dimemtion connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions from drones and very low earth orbit satellites will establish super 3D connectivity ubiquitously in 6G.

[0126] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements can be as follows

[0127] -Small cell network: The idea of ​​small cell network is introduced to improve the throughput, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency in cellular systems to improve the quality of received signals. Therefore, small cell network is a basic feature for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Therefore, 6G communication systems will also adopt the characteristics of small cell network.

[0128] -Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous network will be another important feature of 6G communication system. Multi-layer network composed of heterogeneous networks will improve the overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0129] - High Capacity Backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by a high capacity backhaul network in order to support high capacity traffic. High speed optical fiber and Free Space Optics (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

[0130] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0131] -Software and virtualization: Software and virtualization are two important features that are the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability and programmability. In addition, shared physical infrastructure can share billions of devices.

[0132] <Core Implementation Technology of 6G System>

[0133] AI

[0134] The most important and latest technology to be introduced in the 6G system is AI. The 4G system does not involve AI. The 5G system will support partial or very limited AI. However, the 6G system will support AI for full automation. In 6G, advances in machine learning will create smarter networks for real-time communications. In the case where AI is introduced into communications, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use many analyses to determine ways to perform complex target operations. That is, AI can improve efficiency and reduce processing delays.

[0135] Time-consuming tasks such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can even play an important role in M2M, machine-to-man, and man-to-machine communications. In addition, AI can be a fast communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, smart cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0136] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems in the application layer or network layer, but deep learning has been concentrated in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, this research has gradually developed to the MAC layer and the physical layer, and specifically, attempts have begun to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms instead of traditional communication frameworks in basic signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, it may include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mechanisms, AI-based resource scheduling and allocation, etc.

[0137] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and can be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in MIMO systems.

[0138] Machine learning refers to a series of operations to train a machine in order to create a machine that can perform tasks that cannot be performed by humans or are difficult to perform by humans. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be roughly divided into three methods, that is, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0139] Neural network learning is to minimize the output error. Neural network learning refers to the process of repeatedly inputting training data into the neural network, calculating the error between the output of the neural network and the target for the training data, backpropagating the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in order to reduce the error and update the weight of each node of the neural network.

[0140] Supervised learning can use training data marked with the correct answer, and unsupervised learning can use training data that is not marked with the correct answer. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data can be marked with categories. The marked training data can be input to the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network can be compared with the label of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is back-propagated from the neural network backward (that is, from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node of each layer of the neural network can be updated according to the back-propagation. The change in the updated connection weight of each node can be determined according to the learning rate. The calculation of the neural network for the input data and the back-propagation of the error can configure the learning cycle (epoch). The learning data is applied differently according to the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stages of learning of the neural network, a high learning rate can be used to improve efficiency so that the neural network quickly ensures a certain level of performance, and in the later stages of learning, a low learning rate can be used to improve accuracy.

[0141] The learning method can vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in order to accurately predict the data sent from the transmitter in the receiver in the communication system, supervised learning can be used instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning to perform learning.

[0142] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be regarded as the most basic linear model. However, the paradigm of machine learning using a neural network structure with high complexity (such as an artificial neural network) as a learning model is called deep learning.

[0143] The neural network core used as the learning method can generally include a deep neural network (DNN) method, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, a recurrent Boltzmann machine (RNN) method, and a spiking neural network (SNN). Such a learning model is applicable.

[0144] THz (Terahertz) Communication

[0145] The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using (sub-THz) sub-THz communications with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves (also called submillimeter radiation) generally indicate a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz, where the corresponding wavelength is in the range of 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band range (sub-THz band) is considered to be the main part of the THz band for cellular communications. With the addition of the sub-THz band to the millimeter wave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity is increased. 300GHz to 3THz in the defined THz band is in the far infrared (IR) band. The band from 300GHz to 3THz is part of the optical band, but it is on the boundary of the optical band and just behind the RF band. Therefore, the band from 300GHz to 3THz has similarities with RF.

[0146] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0147] The main characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth supporting very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with devices and BSs operating in this frequency band. Therefore, advanced adaptive deployment techniques that can overcome range limitations can be used.

[0148] Massive MIMO

[0149] One of the core technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is MIMO technology. When MIMO technology improves, spectrum efficiency also improves. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beamforming and management technology suitable for THz bands should be considered to enable data signals to be sent through one or more paths.

[0150] Holographic Beamforming

[0151] Beamforming is a signal processing process that adjusts an antenna array to send a radio signal in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has multiple advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that is significantly different from MIMO systems because this uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a very effective method for efficiently and flexibly sending and receiving signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0152] Optical Wireless Technology

[0153] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to carry signals. OWC that operates in the visible light band (e.g., 390nm to 750nm) is often referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations can utilize light emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal area networks, and vehicle-mounted networks.

[0154] VLC has multiple advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is idle / licensed and can provide a wide bandwidth (THz level bandwidth). Second, VLC rarely causes significant interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications, such as airplanes and hospitals. Third, VLC has advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium (i.e., visible light) of VLC-based networks cannot pass through walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, which can protect the privacy and sensitive information of users. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, thereby eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0155] Free space optics (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (such as air), external space, and vacuum to send data wirelessly for telecommunications or computer networks. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate at near infrared frequencies (750nm-1600nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10Gbit / s), providing a potential solution to the backhaul bottleneck.

[0156] In addition to RF-based communications for all possible devices to access networks, these OWC technologies are also planned to be used for 6G communications. These networks will connect access networks to backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technologies have been in use since 4G communication systems, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as optical fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication based on optical bands are already well-known technologies. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide extremely high data rates, low latency, and secure communications.

[0157] Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is also based on optical bands and can be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to illuminate an object and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure the distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving of cars.

[0158] FSO Backhaul Network

[0159] The characteristics of the transmitter and receiver of the FSO system are similar to those of the optical fiber network. Therefore, the data transmission of the FSO system is similar to that of the optical fiber system. Therefore, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connection in 6G system together with the optical fiber network. When using FSO, even very long-distance communication is possible at a distance of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports a large number of backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as oceans, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connections.

[0160] Non-terrestrial network (NTN)

[0161] 6G systems will integrate terrestrial and aerial networks to support vertically extended user communications. 3D BS will be delivered via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity quite different from traditional 2D networks. NR sees non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as a way to achieve this. NTNs are networks or network segments that use RF resources on satellites (or UAS platforms). For NTNs that provide access to user devices, there are two common scenarios: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of NTNs.

[0162] - One or more sat gateways connecting the NTN to the public data network.

[0163] -GEO satellites are fed by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite target range (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one sat gateway.

[0164] - Non-GEO satellites that are continuously served by one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between the continuously served satellite gateways for a duration sufficient to allow mobility anchoring and handoff.

[0165] -Feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0166] - A service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0167] - Satellites (or UAS platforms) that can implement transparent payloads or regenerative (with onboard processing) payloads. Beams generated by satellites (or UAS platforms) typically generate multiple beams for a given service area, depending on the field of view. The footprint of the beam is typically elliptical. The field of view of a satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna pattern and the minimum angle of attack.

[0168] - Transparent Payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification so the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0169] - Regenerative payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is effectively the same as having all or part of the base station functionality (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0170] - For satellite deployment, optionally, an Inter-Satellite Link (ISL). This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. The ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0171] - User equipment is served by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target coverage area.

[0172] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional or local services.

[0173] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide coverage in both the northern and southern hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beam generation, and links between satellites.

[0174] Quantum communication

[0175] Quantum communication is the next generation of communication technology, which can overcome the limitations of traditional communication (such as security and high-speed computing, etc.) by applying quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communication. Quantum communication provides a means of generating, sending, processing and storing information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0 and 1 according to the binary bit information used in existing communication technology. In conventional communication technology, wavelength or amplitude is used to send information between the transmitter and the receiver, but in quantum communication, photons as the smallest light unit are used to send information between the transmitter and the receiver. Specifically, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used for polarization or phase difference of photons (light), so quantum communication has the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security. In addition, quantum communication can also use quantum entanglement under certain conditions to achieve ultra-high-speed communication.

[0176] No cell communication

[0177] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is key in 6G systems. As a result, users can move seamlessly from one network to another without having to create any manual configuration on their devices. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will destroy the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes too many handovers in dense networks, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and ping-pong effects. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of this and provide better QoS.

[0178] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which a large number of geographically distributed antennas (APs) cooperate to serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and CPU". A single terminal is served by a collection of multiple APs (called an AP cluster). There are many ways to form an AP cluster, among which the method of configuring an AP cluster to significantly help improve the reception performance of a terminal is called a terminal-centric clustering method, and when using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By adopting this device-centric AP clustering technology, the device is always at the center of the AP cluster, so there is no inter-cluster interference that may occur when the device is located at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies as well as different heterogeneous radios in the device.

[0179] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0180] WIET uses the same field and waves as wireless communication systems. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery charging wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communications.

[0181] Integration of wireless communications and sensing

[0182] Autonomous wireless networks are the ability to continuously detect dynamically changing environmental states and exchange information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

[0183] Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0184] In 6G, the density of access networks will be huge. Each access network is connected by optical fiber and backhaul connections (such as FSO networks). In order to cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access network and the backhaul network.

[0185] Big Data Analysis

[0186] Big data analytics is a complex process used to analyze various large data sets or big data. The process finds information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer dispositions to ensure complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used in 6G systems to process massive amounts of data.

[0187] Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0188] There is a large body of research that considers the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is called a smart radio environment (SRE) or intelligent radio environment (IRE) to highlight its fundamental difference from past design and optimization criteria. Various terms have been proposed for SRE-enabled reconfigurable smart antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) technology, including reconfigurable metasurfaces, smart large smart surfaces (SLIS), large smart surfaces (LIS), reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), and intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS).

[0189] In the case of THz band signals, there are many shadow areas caused by obstacles due to the strong nature of the signal, and RIS technology is important for expanding the communication area by installing RIS near these shadow areas to enhance communication stability and realize additional value-added services. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can change the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. Although RIS can be regarded as an extension of massive MIMO, it has an array structure and working mechanism different from massive MIMO. RIS also has the advantage of lower power consumption because it works as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, which means that it only passively reflects signals without using active RF chains. In addition, each of the passive reflectors in RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, which may be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift with the help of the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to increase the received signal power.

[0190] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are RIS that can adjust transmission characteristics and refraction characteristics, and these RIS are mainly used for O2I (outdoor to indoor). Recently, STAR-RIS (simultaneous transmission and reflection RIS) that provides transmission while reflecting has also been actively studied.

[0191] metaverse

[0192] Metaverse is a portmanteau of the words "meta" meaning virtual, transcendent, and "universe" meaning space. Generally speaking, the metaverse is a three-dimensional virtual space where the same social and economic activities as in the real world are common.

[0193] Extended Reality (XR), a key technology to enable the Metaverse, is the fusion of virtual and real, which can extend the reality experience and provide a unique sense of immersion. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0194] Autonomous driving, self-driving

[0195] For perfect autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to notify each other of dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location information and signal change time. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate with various elements on the road and share information, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), for autonomous driving.

[0196] In order to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technologies are necessary. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond delivering warning or guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operations and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations, and the amount of information that needs to be sent and received will be large, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0197] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)

[0198] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will be an important factor in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, UAV technology is used to provide high-speed data wireless connections. The base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connectivity. UAV has specific features not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as easy deployment, strong line of sight links, and freedom of controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunication infrastructure is economically unfeasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle this situation. UAVs will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology contributes to three basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve many purposes, such as improved network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is considered to be one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0199] Blockchain

[0200] Blockchain will be an important technology for managing large amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores the same copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This can exist without being managed by a centralized agency or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides multiple functions, such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

[0201] <Timing ahead;TA>

[0202] The following describes the timing advance (TA) associated with the transmission of a signal on a specific carrier (e.g., NR UL signal transmission or NR V2X or SL signal transmission).

[0203] 1. The symbols and abbreviations related to the timing advance value are shown below.

[0204] -T s : The default time unit. Note that T c Can also replace T s Used as a default time unit. For example, in NR-based communications, Tc can be used as the default time unit.

[0205] -N TA: The timing offset between the uplink and downlink at the terminal, expressed as T s Indicated as a unit

[0206] -N TA offset : Fixed timing advance offset, expressed in T s Indicated as a unit

[0207] -N TA，SL : The timing offset between the timing reference frame at the terminal and the side link, expressed as T s Indicated as a unit

[0208] 2. Framework structure

[0209] In the time domain, the size of each field can be expressed in terms of the number of time units, for example, T s =1 / (15000×2048) seconds. Note that if Tc is used, then T c =T s / 64

[0210] Downlink transmission, uplink transmission and sidelink transmission can be configured with T f =307200×T s = A radio frame of duration 10 ms.

[0211] Below, two radio frame structures may be supported.

[0212] - Type 1: For FDD

[0213] -Type 2: Suitable for TDD

[0214] In addition to the primary cell, transmissions in multiple cells can be aggregated with up to four secondary cells. In multi-cell aggregation, different frame structures can be used in different serving cells.

[0215] 3. Uplink-Downlink Frame Timing

[0216] Figure 6 An example schematically illustrating the relationship between uplink timing and downlink timing is shown.

[0217] like Figure 6 As shown, the transmission of uplink radio frame number i from the terminal can arrive as early as (N TA +N TAoffset )×Ts seconds. (Where 0<=N TA <=20412)

[0218] Here, for LTE, for frame structure type 1, N TAoffsetis '0Ts(=0us)', and for frame structure type 2, N TAoffset It can be '624Ts(=20us)'.

[0219] For NR, the following can be applied

[0220] For frame structure type 1 and frame structure type 2, if NR and LTE do not coexist in the same frequency band corresponding to frequency range 1, N TAoffset Can be equal to '25600Tc (= 400Ts = 13us)';

[0221] For frame structure type 1, when NR and LTE coexist in the same frequency band corresponding to frequency range 1, N TAoffset May correspond to '0Tc (=0Ts=0us)';

[0222] For frame structure type 2, when NR and LTE coexist in the same frequency band corresponding to frequency range 1, N TAoffset Can be equal to '39936Tc (= 624Ts = 20us)';

[0223] For frame structure type 2, for NR in the frequency band corresponding to frequency range 2, N TAoffset It can be equal to '13792Tc (=215.5Ts=7us)'.

[0224] <Present Disclosure>

[0225] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0226] The communication between an aircraft or airplane on the ground and a base station on the ground is being discussed. The aircraft or airplane may be referred to as an air-to-ground (ATG) user equipment (UE), for example. However, due to the timing delay between the base station on the ground and the ATG UE, efficient communication has not been conventionally achieved. For example, according to the prior art, in air vehicle communication in NR and communication based on the TDD frequency band, there is no prior art regarding the behavior of the terminal and / or the behavior of the network taking into account the large cell coverage.

[0227] The present disclosure describes various examples for solving problems caused by timing delays in NR-based communications between a terrestrial network and an ATG UE (e.g., an aircraft, airplane, etc.). For example, various examples of terminal (e.g., UE) behavior and / or network behavior for solving timing advance problems caused by timing delays and neighbor cell measurement problems caused by timing delays are described herein.

[0228] For example, in an airborne communication environment with an inter-site distance (ISD) of up to 300 kilometers, communication may be based on a TDD frequency band. In this case, the long delay between the terminal and the network may cause various problems. For example, timing problems, UL / DL overlap problems, measurement behavior problems, etc. may occur. In order to solve these problems, various examples of the present disclosure will describe an example of a method for calculating TA, an example of scheduling restrictions for avoiding UL / DL overlap, and / or an example of performing measurement operations on neighboring cells.

[0229] In 5G and / or 6G, communications between ground-based base stations (e.g., gNBs) and ground-based terminals (e.g., UEs), as well as communications between ground-based stations and flying vehicles such as aircraft (e.g., air-to-ground UEs (ATG UEs)) may be considered.

[0230] Reference Figure 7 The example in describes an example of air-to-ground (ATG) communication.

[0231] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0232] Figure 7 An example of performing ATG communication is illustrated.

[0233] Reference Figure 7 , showing an ATG UE moving in the air, a gNB and a UE located on the ground.

[0234] Figure 7 The example in shows an example of communication between a ground base station and an ATG UE (an aircraft such as an airplane). The ISD between base stations can be 200 km to 300 km. Considering the ISD of 200km-300km between base stations, operators can configure a large cell radius per base station to serve airborne vehicles (e.g., ATG UE). If the ATG UE is an airplane, the ATG UE can have an altitude of 5km to 15km and a travel speed of up to about 1200km / h. Therefore, the ATG UE has a communication environment different from that of a traditional ground terminal.

[0235] Considering the altitude and cell radius of the ATG UE, the distance between the gNB and the ATG UE can be in the range of 150km to 200km. For example, the distance between the gNB and the ATG UE (150km to 200km) can be similar to the distance from the cell center to the cell edge. Since the distance between the gNB and the ATG UE is in the range of 150km to 200km, it can be assumed that the time delay between the gNB and the ATG UE is in the range of 500usec to 670usec. For example, a time delay of 500usec to 670usec may occur when the signal propagates within a distance of 150km to 200km. If a 15kHz subcarrier spacing (SCS) is used, this 500usec-670usec time delay may result in a time delay of half a time slot. Due to the time delay of 500usec to 670usec, a time delay of one time slot may occur when a 30kHz SCS is used. This time delay may cause scheduling problems in the gNB and timing advance in the ATG UE.

[0236] Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described using an aircraft that performs communication based on a TDD frequency band as an example of an ATG UE. However, this is for illustrative purposes only, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to aircraft that perform communication based on TDD, that is, the present disclosure can also be applied to communication based on FDD and other types of ATG UEs.

[0237] Referring now to FIG. 8 , an example in which an uplink (UL) signal and a downlink (DL) signal overlap due to a time delay is described.

[0238] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0239] Figure 8a and Figure 8b An example of UL and DL overlapping due to delay according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0240] exist Figure 8a and Figure 8b In the example of , ATG Rx means ATG UE reception. ATG Tx means ATG UE transmission. gNB Tx means transmission by gNB. gNB Rx means gNB reception. Latency may refer to the time delay before a signal sent between the ATG UE and the gNB arrives due to the distance between the ATG UE and the gNB.

[0241] As mentioned above, in ATG communications, a time delay of 500usec to 670usec may occur when the signal propagates over a distance of 150km to 200km. If a 15kHz subcarrier spacing (SCS) is used, the delay can be as much as half a time slot. If a 30kHz SCS is used, the time delay can be as much as one time slot. Figure 8a The example in shows an example when 15kHz SCS is used, and Figure 8b The example in shows an example when 30kHz SCS is used.

[0242] consider Figure 8a When using 15kHz SCS, the length of a time slot can be 1ms. Assuming a time delay of 500usec to 670usec, the delay can be about half the length of a time slot, such as Figure 8a As shown in the example. Specifically, due to the delay, the DL signal sent by the gNB at T1 can be received by the ATG at time T1a. For example, the difference between T1 and T1a is the delay time. The UL signal of the N+1 time slot sent by the ATG UE at T1a can be received by the gNB at T2. The signal of the N+2 time slot sent by the gNB at time T3 can be received by the ATG UE at time T3a.

[0243] consider Figure 8b When using 30kHz SCS, the length of one time slot may be 0.5ms. Assuming a time delay of 500usec to 670usec occurs, a delay of the length of 1 time slot may occur, such as Figure 8b As shown in the example of . Specifically, due to the delay, the DL signal of time slot N-1 sent by the gNB at time T1 can be received by the ATG at time T2, that is, the difference between T1 and T2 is the delay time. The UL signal of time slot N+1 sent by the ATG UE at time T2 can be received by the gNB at time T3. The signal of time slot N+2 sent by the gNB at time T4 can be received by the ATG UE at time T5.

[0244] like Figure 8a and 8b As shown in the example in , it can be assumed that the time delay between gNB and ATG UE is 500usec. Then, if the terminal (e.g., ATG UE) needs to advance the timing (T TA ) is applied to UL transmission, then N should be set according to the cell radius TA For example, N TA The value may be a value for adjusting the timing of signal transmission of the terminal so that the base station can receive the signal transmitted by the terminal at the same timing. As the cell radius increases, the distance between base stations increases and the delay increases, so NTA The range of values ​​that should adjust the terminal's transmission timing increases. TA As the range of values ​​increases, signaling overhead may increase. For example, the base station sends a regular N to the UE based on a 6-bit TA command file. TA Based on conventional N TA , the time can be adjusted between -16.3usec and +16.3usec. Since the cell radius of ATG communication can be 200 kilometers, a timing adjustment of + / -300usec or more is possible. Compared with the conventional + / -16.3usec, more bits need to be defined to represent + / -300usec. In addition, due to the high speed of the aircraft, N may need to be updated frequently. TA This may result in high signaling overhead according to the prior art.

[0245] On the other hand, as described in various examples of the present disclosure, based on N TA_specific , the terminal can compensate for the long delay between the base station and the terminal by calculating (estimating) its own delay. In addition, in different examples of the present disclosure, the existing N TA , and even if the aircraft speed is higher and the network does not update N more frequently TA , since the terminal continues to compensate for the delay, since N TA The resulting signaling will not increase.

[0246] Therefore, instead of increasing N TA The present disclosure proposes to calculate the delay between the gNB and the terminal (for example, N TA,specific ) and use N TA,specific For example, the gNB and / or the terminal may calculate the delay between the gNB and the terminal (e.g., N TA,specific ). Note that the delay in this article may refer to the propagation delay. Then, the gNB and / or the terminal may calculate the delay (e.g., N TA,specific ) is applied to T TA (T TA =N TA_offset +N TA +N TA,specific ). The calculation of N is described in this disclosure. TA,specific Two example methods (first example and second example) of Fig. 9 The example in describes a first example of the method. Fig.10 A second example of the method is described in Example 1.

[0247] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0248] Fig. 9 A first example of a method for calculating propagation delay is illustrated.

[0249] Reference Fig. 9 , a first example of a method for calculating propagation delay is shown. The first example is that a network (e.g., gNB) calculates propagation delay (N TA,specific ) example.

[0250] The terminal may notify the gNB of the terminal's location information (e.g., position, route, speed, altitude, etc.). The gNB may calculate N based on the location information sent by the terminal. TA,specific For example, the gNB can calculate N based on the terminal's location information (e.g., location, route, speed, altitude, etc.) and the gNB's location information. TA,specific Then, the gNB can send N TA,specific .

[0251] The gNB can periodically notify the terminal of N TA,specific .

[0252] Alternatively, the gNB may calculate N based on the location information provided by the terminal. TA,specific , and gNB can TA,specific Transmitted to the terminal. When gNB transmits N TA,specific Afterwards, the terminal can directly update N based on the terminal's location information (eg, location, route, speed, altitude, etc.). TA,specific The terminal can also update its N TA,specific Applied to T TA .

[0253] The receive timing correction from the gNB for the UL transmission from the terminal can be performed at N TA In this case, the gNB may request the terminal to re-request the terminal's positioning information (e.g., positioning, route, speed, altitude, etc.). Optionally, the terminal may report the updated N to the gNB. TA,specific For example, if a base station (e.g., gNB) wishes to use a delay time to communicate with a terminal, the base station may request an updated N from the terminal. TA,specific For example, when the base station performs operations related to scheduling restrictions based on the delay with the terminal, the base station may request an updated N from the terminal. TA,specific .

[0254] according to Fig. 9 For example, the network (e.g., gNB) may calculate the propagation delay (e.g., N ) between the gNB and the UE based on the UE location information reported by the UE and the location information of the (serving) gNB. TA,specific ).

[0255] Specifically, Fig. 9 An example in is described as follows. Note that the network may be, for example, a gNB. Note that in the disclosure of this document, UE may be used interchangeably with terminal. Also, as disclosed herein, UE may refer to ATG UE.

[0256] 1) The network may send a request message to the UE for requesting the UE's location information (eg, location, route, speed, altitude, etc.).

[0257] 2) The UE may send location information (eg, location, route, speed, altitude, etc.) to the network.

[0258] 3) The network can calculate the propagation delay (e.g., N TA,specific For example, the network may calculate the propagation delay (eg, N) based on the location information of the UE (eg, location, route, speed, altitude, etc.) and the location information of the network. TA,specific ).

[0259] 4) The network can send information related to propagation delay to the UE (e.g., N TA,specific ).

[0260] 5) The UE may send an uplink signal. Based on the timing advance, the UE may determine the transmission timing of the uplink signal. For example, the UE may apply the timing advance (e.g., T TA ) to send an uplink signal. For example, the UE may transmit an uplink signal based on T TA =N TA_offset +N TA +N TA,specific To determine T TA .

[0261] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0262] Fig.10 A second example of a method of calculating a propagation delay is illustrated.

[0263] The gNB may notify the terminal of the location information of the gNB. The terminal may calculate N based on the terminal's location information (e.g., location, route, speed, altitude, etc.). TA,specific For example, the terminal may calculate N based on the terminal's location information (e.g., location, route, speed, altitude, etc.) and the gNB's location information. TA,specific Optionally, the terminal can report N to the gNB. TA,specificFor example, if a base station (e.g., gNB) wants to use the delay time to communicate with the terminal, the base station may request an updated N from the terminal. TA,specific For example, when the base station performs operations related to scheduling restrictions based on the delay with the terminal, the base station may request an updated N from the terminal. TA,specific .

[0264] according to Fig.10 For example, the UE may calculate the propagation delay (e.g., N ) between the gNB and the UE based on the UE location information broadcasted by the network and the location information of the (serving) gNB. TA,specific ).

[0265] The receive timing correction from the gNB for the UL transmission from the terminal can be performed at N TA The value is outside the configured range. In this case, the gNB may request the terminal to re-request the terminal's location information (e.g., positioning, route, speed, altitude, etc.). Optionally, the terminal may report the updated N to the gNB. TA,specific .

[0266] Detailed example Fig.10 Examples in .

[0267] 1) The network can send a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0268] 2) The network may send a system information message. For example, the network may broadcast a system information message. The system information message may include the location information of the gNB.

[0269] 3) The UE can calculate the propagation delay (e.g., N TA,specific For example, the UE may calculate the propagation delay (eg, N) based on the UE's location information (eg, location, route, speed, altitude, etc.) and the network's location information. TA,specific ).

[0270] 4) The network may send a timing advance command message to the UE. The timing advance command message may instruct the UE to apply the timing advance (e.g., N TA ). For example, when the base station receives a signal sent by the UE and the timing of the reception by the UE is different from the timing expected by the base station, the base station may send a timing advance command message.

[0271] 5) The UE may send an uplink signal. Based on the timing advance, the UE may determine the transmission timing of the uplink signal. For example, the UE may apply the timing advance (e.g., T TA ) to send an uplink signal. For example, the UE may transmit an uplink signal based on T TA =N TA_offset +N TA +N TA,specific To determine TTA .

[0272] Hereinafter, based on one embodiment of the present disclosure, an example of scheduling restriction is described.

[0273] In the case of TDD, due to the long delay between gNB and terminal, T TA must be considered to be higher than FDD’s T TA Then, it may happen that the terminal does not receive the DL symbol or DL ​​slot preceding the UL slot or UL symbol.

[0274] For example, depending on the distance between the gNB and the terminal, the terminal may not be able to receive DL signals or send UL signals within 14 symbols, such as Figure 8b Alternatively, the propagation delay may affect 2 time slots.

[0275] The propagation delay between the gNB and the terminal (e.g., N TA,specific ) to determine the scheduling restriction symbol. For example, the gNB may determine the scheduling restriction symbol based on the propagation delay between the gNB and the terminal (e.g., N TA,specific ) to determine the scheduling restriction symbol. Here, the scheduling restriction symbol may represent a symbol that is restricted from scheduling. Based on the propagation delay information, the gNB may schedule a DL signal or a UL signal (e.g., an allocated DL symbol). For example, the gNB may allocate DL symbols and / or UL symbols based on the propagation delay.

[0276] The terminal may measure the propagation delay between the gNB and the terminal and send the propagation delay to the gNB. Alternatively, the gNB may infer the propagation delay based on the location information of the terminal (e.g., location, route, speed, altitude, etc.). The gNB may schedule a DL time slot or DL ​​symbol before a UL time slot or UL symbol without having the propagation delay information. For example, the gNB may schedule a DL time slot or DL ​​symbol before a UL time slot or UL symbol without considering the propagation delay. In this case, because the terminal applies a long TA to UL transmission, a DL signal may not be received. For example, Figure 8b As shown in the example in , the ATG UE may send a UL signal in UL slot N+1 at timing T2 with a TA of 1 slot length, and the gNB may send a DL signal in DL slot N-1 at timing T1 without considering the propagation delay. Then, during the time between T2 and T3, the ATG UE may not receive the DL signal of slot N-1 because it needs to send a UL signal, as shown in FIG. Figure 8b as shown in the example.

[0277] Considering these situations, for the corresponding DL time slot or corresponding symbol (for example, a time slot or symbol on the downlink that overlaps with the uplink transmission time, if TA is applied to the uplink transmission), the terminal may exclude or may not be expected to receive / measure the transmission of the reference signal for RRM measurement or configuration change, RRC signal, MAC CE, etc. For example, the base station may exclude the transmission of signals (such as reference signals for RRM measurement or RRC signals for configuration change / MAC CE, etc.) on the DL time slot or symbol, or may not expect the terminal to receive / measure these signals when these signals are transmitted.

[0278] In some cases, the terminal may not be able to send a UL signal in order to receive a DL signal. In this case, a delay may be added to the feedback (e.g., CSI / measurement report) sent by the terminal. In the portion where the UL signal with TA overlaps with the DL signal, the scheduling of DL symbols and UL symbols may be partially restricted. For example, if the base station performs scheduling restrictions on the UL slot / symbol, the UL slot / symbol with limited scheduling may prevent the terminal from sending a CSI / measurement report. As a result, a feedback delay of a delay in the feedback (e.g., CSI / measurement report) from the terminal may occur. Here, for DL ​​symbols and UL symbols, a base station that performs partial scheduling restrictions may be represented as follows, for example. The base station may not restrict the scheduling of only DL in the overlapping portion, but may restrict the scheduling of specific symbols of DL and specific symbols of UL in the overlapping symbols. For example, the base station may restrict the scheduling of DL and UL symbols at a specific ratio (e.g., 50:50) for DL ​​and UL overlapping segments. The ratio may be configured by the base station.

[0279] like Figure 8b As shown in the example, when using 30kHz SCS, at timing T2, the terminal can send the UL signal of time slot N+1. After the terminal sends the UL signal on time slot N+1, the terminal can receive the DL signal of time slot N at T3. At this time, the terminal can perform a Tx to Rx switching operation at T3. Considering the switching time of the terminal, the terminal may not send some UL symbols or receive some DL symbols. The switching time may be, for example, 13usec. For example, considering the error time of receiving the DL time slot boundary, the terminal may not send or receive 1 symbol in the UL or DL ​​symbols.

[0280] In the following, reference is made to Fig.11 The example of describes the process associated with scheduling constraints based on propagation delay.

[0281] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0282] Fig.11 An example of scheduling restriction based on propagation delay according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0283] Reference Fig.11 , a flow chart related to scheduling constraints based on propagation delay is shown.

[0284] The UE may not be expected to send or receive control signaling, data and / or UL signals on scheduling restricted symbols or scheduling restricted time slots.

[0285] The following describes in more detail Fig.11 Examples in .

[0286] 1) The network can send MIB.

[0287] 2) The network may send a system information message. For example, the network may broadcast a system information message. The system information message may include the location information of the gNB.

[0288] 3) The network may send a message to the UE requesting information related to propagation delay.

[0289] 4) The UE can calculate the propagation delay. For example, the UE can calculate the propagation delay in the same way as previously calculated. Fig.10 The propagation delay is calculated in the same way as described in step 3 of the example.

[0290] 5) The UE may send information related to the propagation delay to the network.

[0291] 6) The network may perform scheduling restrictions based on propagation delay. For example, the network may determine scheduling restrictions for downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) based on information related to propagation delay. And, the network may determine the DL time slots and / or symbols and UL time slots and / or symbols for which scheduling is restricted.

[0292] 7) The network may send a DL signal to the UE. The network may perform DL transmission based on the scheduling restriction. For example, the network may not assign control signals and / or data to DL time slots with scheduling restrictions and / or signals with scheduling restrictions. For example, the network may not expect the UE to send UL signaling on UL time slots and / or signals with scheduling restrictions.

[0293] An example of using deriveSSB-IndexFromCell based on propagation delay according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is described below. For example, an example of considering propagation delay in enabling or disabling deriveSSB-IndexFromCell to receive or measure signals from neighboring cells is described below.

[0294] In an ATG environment, the cell radius is larger than the cell radius in a traditional terrestrial network environment. Therefore, depending on the location of the terminal, the difference in the timing of receiving signals from the serving cell and the neighboring cell can be as high as one time slot or more. For example, the difference between the timing of receiving a signal from the serving cell and the timing of receiving a signal from the neighboring cell (i.e., neighbor cell) can exceed one time slot.

[0295] Therefore, even in a TDD environment, the serving cell may not always enable deriveSSB-IndexFromCell (or deriveSSB-IndexFromCellInter), and the terminal may always need to perform physical broadcast channel (PBCH) detection for neighboring cells. Here, deriveSSB-IndexFromCell (or deriveSSB-IndexFromCellInter) may be information indicating that the terminal derives the reception timing of the neighboring cell from the reception timing of the serving cell. For example, if the reception timing of the serving cell and the reception timing of the neighboring cell are approximately the same, the serving cell may enable deriveSSB-IndexFromCell (or deriveSSB-IndexFromCellInter) and send deriveSSB-IndexFromCell (or deriveSSB-IndexFromCellInter) to the terminal. For example, in a conventional terrestrial communication environment, when performing TDD-based communication, the cell radius is relatively smaller than the cell radius in an ATG environment. In a conventional terrestrial communication environment, when performing TDD-based communication, the serving cell may enable deriveSSB-IndexFromCell (or deriveSSB-IndexFromCellInter), and the terminal may not perform PBCH detection for neighboring cells.

[0296] The terminal can also measure the propagation delay with the neighboring cell. Note that adjacent cells and neighboring cells can be used interchangeably in this article. In this case, if the propagation delay difference between the serving cell and the neighboring cell is less than or equal to a specific amount of time (e.g., half a time slot), the terminal and / or the network can enable deriveSSB-IndexFromCell. In other words, when deriveSSB-IndexFromCell is enabled, the terminal can skip the PBCH detection operation for the neighboring cell. Based on the propagation delay difference, the tolerance of deriveSSB-IndexFromCell is set to a specific number of symbols (e.g., 6 symbols). A specific tolerance is allowed because the reception timing of the serving cell cannot be exactly the same when applied to its neighbors. For example, tolerance can mean such a tolerance that the timing of the terminal receiving the signal of the serving cell in the same time slot and the timing of the neighbor receiving the signal of the serving cell in the same time slot are almost the same. For reference, in a conventional communication environment, a tolerance of 1 symbol is allowed. The tolerance can vary according to the configured SCS.

[0297] Alternatively, if the propagation delay difference is lower than a specific value, the gNB may also indicate to the terminal whether the terminal uses deriveSSB-IndexFromCell. Here, the propagation delay difference may refer to the difference between the propagation delay of the signal sent by the serving cell to the terminal and the propagation delay of the signal sent by the neighbor cell to the terminal. Alternatively, if the propagation delay difference is lower than a specific value, the terminal may determine whether to apply deriveSSB-IndexFromCell based on the propagation delay difference. In order to enable the terminal to make a decision, the gNB may indicate a specific threshold (based on the propagation delay difference) to the terminal, or may configure a specific threshold to the device. Alternatively, the gNB may preconfigure a specific threshold (e.g., a threshold based on the propagation delay difference) to the terminal, or may preconfigure a specific threshold to the terminal so that the terminal can decide whether to use deriveSSB-IndexFromCell. For FDD bands, deriveSSB-IndexFromCell may also be used with this information. For example, even when communication is performed based on the FDD band, deriveSSB-IndexFromCell may be used based on a certain threshold value (eg, a threshold value based on a propagation delay difference).

[0298] The terminal may also report the propagation delay difference to the serving gNB. For example, if the terminal knows the location information of the serving gNB and the location information of the neighboring gNB, the terminal may obtain the propagation delay difference by calculating the distance between the terminal and the serving gNB. For example, the terminal may calculate the propagation delay difference by calculating the distance between the terminal and the serving gNB and the distance between the terminal and the neighboring gNB. Then, the terminal may report the propagation delay difference to the serving gNB. In another example, if the terminal does not know the location information of the gNB, the terminal may infer the propagation delay difference based on the timing difference between the neighboring cell and the serving cell, based on the synchronization timing information of the SSB of the neighboring cell. Then, the terminal may report the propagation delay difference to the serving gNB.

[0299] In the following, we will base on Fig.12 Examples and Fig.13 to describe a specific example of enabling or disabling deriveSSB-IndexFromCell. Fig.12 and Fig.13 is an example of a procedure for enabling or disabling deriveSSB-IndexFromCell to measure signals of neighboring cells. Fig.12 The examples in are examples of networks with deriveSSB-IndexFromCell enabled or disabled. For example, Fig.13 An example of this is an example of UE enabling or disabling deriveSSB-IndexFromCell.

[0300] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0301] Fig.12 An example of a process of enabling or disabling deriveSSB-IndexFromCell by a network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0302] 1) The network (eg, serving cell) may send the MIB.

[0303] 2) The network may send a system information message. For example, the network may broadcast a system information message. The system information message may include the location information of the gNB.

[0304] 3) The network may send a message to the UE requesting information related to the propagation delay difference.

[0305] 4) The UE may calculate the propagation delay difference. For example, the UE may calculate the propagation delay difference as previously described with reference to various examples.

[0306] 5) The UE may send the propagation delay information difference to the network.

[0307] 6) The network may enable or disable deriveSSB-IndexFromCell based on the propagation delay information difference. For example, the network may enable or disable deriveSSB-IndexFromCell based on the propagation delay difference as previously described with reference to various examples.

[0308] 7) The network may send an indication related to deriveSSB-IndexFromCell to the UE. For example, the indication related to deriveSSB-IndexFromCell may include information for enabling or disabling deriveSSB-IndexFromCell.

[0309] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0310] Fig.13 An example of a process in which a UE enables or disables deriveSSB-IndexFromCell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0311] 1) The network (eg, serving cell) may send the MIB.

[0312] 2) The network may send a system information message. For example, the network may broadcast a system information message. The system information message may include the location information of the gNB.

[0313] 3) The network may send a message to the UE requesting information related to the propagation delay difference.

[0314] 4) The UE may calculate the propagation delay difference. For example, the UE may calculate the propagation delay difference as previously described with reference to various examples.

[0315] 5) The UE may send information related to the propagation delay difference to the network.

[0316] exist Fig.13 In the example of , the UE can decide whether to apply deriveSSB-IndexFromCell based on the propagation delay difference.

[0317] 6) The network may send a threshold value related to the propagation delay difference to the UE. For example, the threshold value related to the propagation delay difference may refer to a specific threshold value (eg, a threshold value based on the propagation delay difference), as previously described in various examples.

[0318] 7) The UE may enable or disable deriveSSB-IndexFromCell based on information related to the propagation delay difference. For example, the UE may enable or disable deriveSSB-IndexFromCell based on the propagation delay difference and a threshold, as previously described with reference to various examples.

[0319] exist Fig.12 Example or Fig.13 In the example of , if deriveSSB-IndexFromCell is enabled, the terminal can determine the reception timing of the neighboring cell based on the reception timing of the serving cell. In this case, the terminal may not perform the operation of detecting the PBCH of the neighboring cell. If deriveSSB-IndexFromCell is disabled, the terminal may perform the operation of detecting the PBCH of the neighboring cell to determine the reception timing of the neighboring cell.

[0320] The following describes an example of performing measurement on a neighboring cell based on a SS / PBCH block measurement timing configuration (SMTC) window based on a propagation delay difference. For example, an example of setting the SMTC window based on a propagation delay difference is described.

[0321] The serving gNB may also set the SMTC for the neighboring cells individually based on the propagation delay difference. Alternatively, the serving gNB may configure the SMTC window that may include all SSBs of the neighboring cells based on the propagation delay difference.

[0322] Based on the configuration for SSB, the serving gNB may configure the timing of SSB measurement of neighboring cells via SMTC. For example, based on the configuration for SSB, the serving gNB may set SMTC so that the UE can measure SSB of neighboring cells within the SMTC window. For FR1, the maximum number of times (maximum number of SSB settings) to set SSB within the frequency band (e.g., L max ). Here, the maximum number of SSB sets may mean the maximum number of SSBs set within a 5 ms long SMTC window. SSBs may be set in a maximum of 4 time slots. For example, the maximum length of an SSB may be set to be up to 4 time slots.

[0323] [Table 6]

[0324] Carrier frequency range of PCell / PSCell <![CDATA[L max ]]> FR1, carrier frequency range ≤ 3GHz 4 FR1, carrier frequency range>3GHz 8

[0325] Table 6 shows an example of the maximum number of SSBs set for FR1 according to the range of the frequency band. If the carrier frequency band is 3 GHz or less, the maximum number is 4. If the carrier frequency range is higher than 3 GHz, the maximum number is 8. For example, if the frequency range is 3 GHz or less, a maximum of four SSBs can be sent within a 5 ms SMTC window. For example, if the frequency range is greater than 3 GHz but less than or equal to 6 GHz, a maximum of 8 SSBs can be sent within a 5 ms SMTC window.

[0326] Reference Fig.14 An example of the SMTC window and SSB settings is described below.

[0327] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0328] Fig.14 An example of SMTC window and SS / PBCH block (SSB) (or synchronization signal block) configuration according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0329] Reference Fig.14 In the example of , the illustrated SMTC window duration may include both the SSB of the serving cell and the SSB of the neighboring cell.

[0330] For example, Fig.14 As shown in the example in , if the SCS is 15kHz, the propagation delay difference between the serving cell and the neighboring cell can be within 1 millisecond (one time slot). In this case, the 5 millisecond SMTC duration can be used to measure the two SSBs of the neighboring cell. In other words, when the propagation delay difference is lower than a specific value (e.g., Tmeas = 1 millisecond), the gNB can set measurements (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), etc.) based on the SSB of the neighboring cell to the terminal. For example, if the serving gNB sets the SMTC window to have a length of 5 milliseconds, the propagation delay difference can be lower than a specific value. In this case, the serving gNB can require the terminal to perform measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, etc.) based on the SSB of the neighboring cell within the SMTC window. If the propagation delay difference is greater than T meas , the terminal does not perform any measurement. If the device has a propagation delay difference greater than T meas If measurements are performed while the

[0331] The above description of SMTC configuration is also applicable to the configuration of measurement gaps. The description of SMTC configuration may include, for example, setting whether to perform measurements on the SSB of the neighboring cell within the SMTC window. For example, the serving cell may enable the UE to perform inter-frequency measurements on a neighboring cell that uses a frequency band different from that of the serving cell by setting a measurement gap. The serving cell may configure the UE to perform inter-frequency measurements on neighboring cells based on whether the propagation delay difference is greater than a threshold.

[0332] According to the discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle length set for the terminal, the gNB can send a reference distance for the measurement time to the terminal so that the terminal can start measuring neighboring cells when the distance from the gNB exceeds a certain distance. When the reference distance set by the gNB and one of the S criteria conditions (RSRP / RSRQ of the serving cell) are met, the terminal can start measuring neighboring cells. Note that based on the S criteria, the UE can evaluate the signal strength and quality of the current serving cell and the neighboring (or neighboring) cell based on a predefined threshold to determine whether cell reselection is required.

[0333] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The designation of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures is for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific designations used in the following figures.

[0334] Fig.15 An example of operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0335] also, Fig.15 The operation of the UE and / or the operation of the base station illustrated in the example is only illustrative. In the scope of the present disclosure, the behavior of the UE and / or the behavior of the base station is not limited to Fig.15 Examples of, and the UE and / or the base station can perform any of the actions previously described in various examples of the present disclosure. It is worth noting that, as described in various examples of the present disclosure, the UE can be a terminal, an ATG UE. As described in various examples of the present disclosure, the base station can be a gNB, a network, a serving cell, a serving gNB, etc.

[0336] For example, the UE may perform any or all of the UE behaviors previously described in the various examples of the present disclosure. For example, the base station may perform any or all of the network operations, serving cell operations, gNB operations, and serving gNB operations previously described in the various examples of the present disclosure.

[0337] In step S1501, a base station may send a downlink signal to a UE. Here, the base station may refer to a serving cell. For example, the UE may receive a system information message from the serving cell. The system information message may include location information of the serving cell.

[0338] The base station may also send a message to the UE for requesting information related to the location of the UE. The UE may send information related to the location of the UE to the base station.

[0339] Based on various examples of the present disclosure, the propagation delay may be calculated by the UE or the base station. For example, as described in various examples of the present disclosure, the propagation delay may be calculated by the UE, or the propagation delay may be calculated by the base station. For example, the UE or the base station may calculate the propagation delay based on the location information of the serving cell and the information related to the location of the UE. Here, the information related to the location of the UE may include at least one of the location, route, speed and / or altitude of the UE.

[0340] The base station may also send a timing advance command message to the UE. Based on receiving the timing advance command message, the UE may apply the timing advance value to the transmission of the uplink signal.

[0341] If the base station calculates the propagation delay, the UE may receive information related to the propagation delay between the base station and the UE from the base station.

[0342] In one example, the UE may receive a request message from a serving cell requesting information related to propagation delay. In this case, the UE may calculate the propagation delay based on the received request message. The UE may then send information related to the propagation delay to the serving cell. Based on the information related to the propagation delay sent by the UE, the serving cell may limit downlink and / or uplink scheduling for the UE. Depending on the timing of uplink transmission with propagation delay, the UE may not expect to send an uplink signal or receive a downlink signal within an interval where the transmission of an uplink signal and the reception of a downlink signal overlap.

[0343] In step S1502, the UE may send an uplink signal to the base station. The UE may apply a timing advance value to the timing of sending the uplink signal. Based on the timing advance value, the UE may send the uplink signal. Here, the timing advance value may be configured based on a propagation delay between the serving cell and the UE, as described in various examples of the present disclosure.

[0344] The present disclosure can have various effects.

[0345] For example, in a TDD band-based aircraft communication environment, communication can be performed efficiently and / or accurately. For example, in such a communication environment, the timing accuracy of the terminal's transmitted and received signals can be improved. For example, in such a communication environment, data loss can be avoided by limiting the overlap between UL and DL. In such a communication environment, measurement accuracy can be improved, for example, by effectively establishing measurement bins.

[0346] The effects that can be obtained from the specific examples of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art can understand or infer from the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those effects explicitly set forth herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or inferred from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0347] For reference, the operation of the terminal (eg, UE) described in this specification may be performed by Figures 1 to 4 For example, a terminal (eg, UE) may be Figure 2 The first device 100 or the second device 200 of the present disclosure may be a first device 100 or a second device 200. For example, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) of the present disclosure may be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operation of the terminal of the present disclosure may be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) that can be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The one or more processors 102 or 202 control the one or more memories 104 or 204 and the one or more transceivers 106 or 206, and may perform the operation of the terminal of the present disclosure by executing the instructions / programs stored in the one or more memories 104 or 204.

[0348] In addition, the instructions for performing the operation of the terminal described in the present disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having the instructions recorded thereon. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. Furthermore, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in the present disclosure of this specification.

[0349] For reference, the operation of the network node or base station (e.g., NG-RAN, gNB, PCell, SCell, serving cell, serving gNB, network, etc.) of the present disclosure may be described below. Figures 1 to 3 For example, a network node or base station may be Figure 2 The first device 100 or Figure 2The second device 200 of the present disclosure. For example, the operation of the network node or base station of the present disclosure may be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operation of the terminal of the present disclosure may be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) that can be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The one or more processors 102 or 202 may perform the operation of the network node or base station of the present disclosure by controlling one or more memories 104 or 204 and one or more transceivers 106 or 206 and executing the instructions / programs stored in the one or more memories 104 or 204.

[0350] In addition, instructions for executing the operations of the network node or base station described in the present disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. And, the instructions recorded in the storage medium are executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform the operations of the network node or base station.

[0351] In the above, the preferred embodiments have been exemplarily described, but the present disclosure of this specification is not limited to such specific embodiments, and thus, modifications, changes, or improvements may be made.

[0352] In the above exemplary system, the method is described as a series of steps or blocks based on the flowchart, but is not limited to the order of the steps described, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps as described above. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps shown in the flowchart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included, or one or more steps of the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the rights.

[0353] The claims of this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. A user equipment UE for performing communication, the UE comprising: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; as well as One or more computer memories operatively connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions that upon execution by the one or more processors perform operations comprising: receiving a system information message from a serving cell; and sending an uplink signal based on the timing advance value, The timing advance value is based on a propagation delay between the serving cell and the UE.

2. The UE according to claim 1, in, The system information message includes location information of the serving cell, The operation further includes: Propagation delay is calculated based on the location information of the serving cell and information related to the location of the UE.

3. The UE according to claim 2, in, The information related to the location of the UE includes one or more of a location, a route, a speed, and / or an altitude of the UE.

4. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The operations also include: receiving a timing advance command message from the serving cell, Based on receiving the timing advance command message, the timing advance value is applied to the transmission of the uplink signal.

5. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The operations also include: receiving, from the serving cell, a message requesting information related to the location of the UE; and The information related to the location of the UE is sent to the serving cell.

6. The UE according to claim 5, wherein: The operations also include: Information related to a propagation delay between the serving cell and the UE is received from the serving cell.

7. The UE according to claim 2, wherein: The operations also include: A request message for requesting the information related to the propagation delay is received from the serving cell.

8. The UE according to claim 7, in, The propagation delay is calculated based on receiving the request message.

9. The UE according to claim 7, wherein: The operations also include: sending information related to the propagation delay to the serving cell, The information related to the propagation delay is used by the serving cell to restrict scheduling of the uplink or scheduling of the downlink.

10. The UE according to claim 7, Based on the uplink transmission timing to which the propagation delay is applied, the UE is not expected to transmit the uplink signal or receive the downlink signal in an overlapping interval between transmission of the uplink signal and reception of a downlink signal.

11. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a user equipment UE and comprising the following steps: receiving a system information message from a serving cell; as well as sending an uplink signal based on the timing advance value, The timing advance value is based on a propagation delay between the serving cell and the UE.

12. A serving cell for performing communication, the serving cell comprising: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; as well as One or more computer memories operatively connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions that upon execution by the one or more processors perform operations comprising: Sending a system information message to a user equipment UE; and receiving an uplink signal from the UE, The uplink signal is sent by the UE based on a timing advance value, and The timing advance value is based on a propagation delay between the serving cell and the UE.

13. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a serving cell and comprising the steps of: Sending a system information message to a user equipment UE; as well as receiving an uplink signal from the UE, The uplink signal is sent by the UE based on a timing advance value, and The timing advance value is based on a propagation delay between the serving cell and the UE.

14. A device in a communication system, the device comprising: one or more processors; as well as One or more computer memories operatively connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions that upon execution by the one or more processors perform operations comprising: receiving a system information message from a serving cell; and sending an uplink signal based on the timing advance value, The timing advance value is based on a propagation delay between the serving cell and the UE.

15. A non-transitory computer readable medium (CRM) storing instructions, the instructions, upon being executed by one or more processors, performing operations, the operations comprising: receiving a system information message from a serving cell; as well as sending an uplink signal based on the timing advance value, The timing advance value is based on a propagation delay between the serving cell and the UE.

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