Camellia oleifera "one seedling two use" grafting seedling method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a method for camellia oleifera 'one seedling for two purposes' grafting seedling and application thereof. The camellia oleifera grafting seedling method is simple and easy to implement, the method utilizes small seedling root stock grafting to avoid a large amount of work of removing sprouts before seedling, meanwhile, the small seedling stock grafting widens the time and season of camellia oleifera grafting, thereby greatly improving the effect of the good seed camellia oleifera grafting seedling, fully utilizing the stock resources of camellia oleifera, and realizing the 'one seedling for two purposes' of the camellia oleifera grafting seedling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant asexual propagation, and particularly relates to a method for raising oil-tea camellia seedlings with "one seedling for two purposes" grafting and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Camellia oleifera is a woody oil-bearing tree, one of the world's four major woody edible oil plants, along with oil palm, olive, and coconut. Camellia oil boasts high nutritional value and health benefits, making it a high-quality, safe, and healthy edible oil, known as the "Olive Oil of the East." Camellia oleifera is highly resilient to natural disasters and does not compete with crops like grain and cotton for land, allowing it to be cultivated on barren hills, wasteland, and slopes. Since the early 1980s, through the tireless efforts of camellia researchers, numerous superior clones have been developed. Asexual propagation fully preserves the beneficial traits of the parent trees, resulting in early fruiting, high yields, and stable yields.

[0003] The "camellia oleifera seedling rootstock grafting" method successfully developed by the Subtropical Forestry Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Forestry uses large-grained camellia oleifera seeds after sand storage and germination. The rootstock is a young bud stem that has germinated but has not yet unfolded its leaves, and a cleft grafting method using branches of current year's superior trees and excellent clones as scions has become the main method for large-scale breeding and grafting of camellia oleifera clones. However, this method uses the young bud stem as the rootstock, which will sprout a large number of rootstock buds, greatly increasing the workload of removing the sprouts. Moreover, the grafting time can only be concentrated in late April to May in the late spring and early summer, and the grafting time season is short. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new camellia oleifera grafting seedling raising method to improve the effectiveness of improved camellia oleifera grafting seedling raising. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a method for grafting and raising oil-tea camellia seedlings. This method utilizes small seedling rootstock grafting to eliminate the extensive work of removing sprouts before seedlings mature. Furthermore, the use of small seedling rootstock grafting broadens the time and season for oil-tea camellia grafting, greatly improving the effectiveness of grafting and raising high-quality oil-tea camellia seedlings.

[0005] The present invention also provides an application having the above method.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for grafting and raising oil-tea camellia seedlings is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Cut the camellia seedlings 0.8-1.2 cm below the root neck of the camellia seedlings to obtain the lower root portion and the upper portion of the camellia seedlings; cut the lower root portion of the camellia seedlings longitudinally at the incision to a depth of about 1.0 cm, controlling the length of the lower root portion of the camellia seedlings to 4-5 cm, thereby obtaining a rootstock for root-stock grafting;

[0008] S2, performing root-stock grafting on the rootstock to obtain a Camellia oleifera root-stock grafted seedling;

[0009] S3. Transplanting the upper part of the oil-tea camellia seedling to obtain a transplanted seedling; when the transplanted seedling has a height ≥15 cm and a seedling diameter ≥0.3 cm, grafting onto a seedling rootstock to obtain a oil-tea camellia seedling rootstock grafted seedling.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes cultivating tea oil seedlings, which is as follows: sowing tea oil seeds on a sand bed, covering it with 4-6 cm thick fine sand, covering the surface of the sand bed with a sunshade, watering it thoroughly, and controlling the humidity to 20-30% to allow the tea oil seeds to germinate and allow the tea oil seedlings to grow to 5-10 cm, with 2-3 or more leaves turning green and a root diameter ≥ 0.3 cm, to obtain tea oil seedlings for grafting.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the tea oil seeds are sown during the frost season.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the oil-tea camellia seeds are freshly processed large-fruited oil-tea camellia seeds.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the oil tea seeds further include a disinfection step before sowing.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the disinfection is carried out by immersion disinfection using a 500-800 times carbendazim solution or a 0.1-0.3% potassium permanganate solution.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the sand used to prepare the sand bed is clear river sand.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the sand bed has a height of 20-25 cm and a width of 1.0-1.5 m.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, after the oil-tea camellia seedlings are cultivated, a step of removing the seedlings is further included, and the step includes: soaking the sand bed thoroughly and then pulling out the oil-tea camellia seedlings.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the root stock grafting comprises the following steps:

[0019] (1) Cutting the scion: Select mature spring shoots of Camellia oleifera to make the scion, cut a knife on each side below the bud of the scion, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape to make a Camellia oleifera scion with one leaf and one bud;

[0020] (2) Grafting: insert the cut camellia oleifera scion into the incision of the rootstock, align the cortex of the scion with the leaf bud side and the cortex of the rootstock side for root grafting, and then wrap the interface tightly to obtain a camellia oleifera root-root grafted seedling.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the ear cutting step, the grafted buds are selected from axillary buds or terminal buds with full buds and healthy leaves.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the ear trimming step, a cut is made on each side, and the length of the cut surface formed is 0.8-1.0 cm.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the interface is wrapped tightly with aluminum foil.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of transplanting and planting the grafted camellia rootstock seedlings is also included, and the step comprises: transplanting the grafted camellia rootstock seedlings into a nutrient medium, watering until the medium is moistened, and spraying it with a fungicide solution, and then sealing the medium with a film to control the humidity to be above 90%; after 50-60 days of management, removing the film to harden the seedlings, and carrying out water and fertilizer management. When the height of the camellia seedlings reaches more than 20 cm, they can be planted out.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fungicide comprises carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fungicide is applied at a concentration of 500-800 times.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fungicide is applied in an amount of spraying onto the leaves to drip water.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the transplanting and planting step also includes a disease and insect control step, which includes: spraying a fungicide and an insecticide; the fungicide is sprayed once every 10-15 days, the application concentration is 500-800 times, and the application amount is sprayed to the leaf surface and drips; the insecticide is sprayed once every 20-30 days, the application concentration is 1500-2000 times, and the application amount is sprayed to the leaf surface and drips.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the insecticide includes chlorpyrifos.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the film sealing management process further includes a sunshade step.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shading step is removed after 7-10 days of hardening the seedlings.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the water and fertilizer management includes applying 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer after removing the film and hardening the seedlings, and then applying 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer once every 15-20 days.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 1kg / m 2 .

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 1 kg / m 2 .

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the seedling raising and transplanting step specifically includes transplanting the upper part of the tea oil seedling into a nutrient medium with a transplanting depth of 2-3 cm; after 15-20 days of shading management, removing the shading material, and managing the seedlings until they grow to a seedling height ≥15-20 cm and a seedling diameter ≥0.3 cm.

[0038] In some embodiments of the invention, the nutrient matrix comprises a nutrient bag.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, a fertilizing step is also included after 15-20 days of shading management, and the fertilizing step is as follows: 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer are applied once after 15-20 days of shading management, and then 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer are applied once every 15-20 days.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 1kg / m 2 .

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg / m 2 .

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, the application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 1 kg / m 2 .

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound fertilizer comprises a ternary compound fertilizer.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the seedling stock grafting comprises the following steps:

[0046] 1) Cutting the rootstock: Make a diagonal cut 3-5 cm above the base of the transplanted seedling. The depth of the cut should not exceed 1 / 2 of the seedling diameter. The length of the cut should be 1-1.5 cm, forming a "tongue" shape. Cut the tip of the "tongue" flat to obtain the seedling rootstock.

[0047] 2) Cutting the scion: Select old and mature branches of Camellia oleifera for scion grafting. Cut a knife on each side below the bud of the old and mature branches of Camellia oleifera, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape. Leave one leaf and one bud on the Camellia oleifera scion.

[0048] 3) Grafting: inserting the cut camellia oleifera scion into the incision of the stock, aligning the cortex of the scion with the leaf bud side and the cortex of the seedling stock side, and then wrapping the interface tightly to obtain a camellia oleifera seedling rootstock grafted seedling.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, the interface is wrapped tightly with aluminum foil.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the seedling rootstock grafting also includes a post-grafting management step, which includes sealing the oil tea seedling rootstock grafted seedlings with a film and controlling the humidity to above 90%; after 18-22 days of management, weeding and sprout removal are carried out; after 50-60 days of management, the film can be removed, and water and fertilizer management can be carried out. When the height of the oil tea seedlings reaches more than 20 cm, they can be transplanted and planted.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the film sealing management process further includes a sunshade step.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shading step is removed after most of the new shoots of the oil tea seedlings turn green and mature.

[0053] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an application of the above method is proposed, wherein the application is application in oil-tea camellia grafting seedling cultivation.

[0054] According to some embodiments of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved: the oil-tea grafting seedling raising method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, and utilizes two different parts (root and stem) of a rootstock seedling to join the scion for grafting and raising the seedling. Specifically, by utilizing the seedling rootstock grafting, the extensive work of removing sprouts before seedlings mature is eliminated. At the same time, the use of the seedling rootstock grafting broadens the time and season for oil-tea grafting, thereby greatly improving the effectiveness of high-quality oil-tea grafting seedling raising, fully utilizing the oil-tea rootstock resources, and realizing the "one seedling, two uses" of oil-tea grafting seedling raising. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the "one seedling, two uses" grafting seedling raising method for Camellia oleifera in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of stock cultivation in Example 1 of the present invention, wherein ① and ② are seed disinfection diagrams, ③ and ④ are sowing diagrams, and ⑤ and ⑥ are sand bed seedling removal diagrams;

[0058] Figure 3 Flowchart of the "one seedling, two purposes" grafting seedling raising method for oil tea in Example 1 of the present invention, wherein 1 is a schematic diagram of seedling removal, 2, 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of root grafting, root stock removal and stock opening, 5 is a schematic diagram of flushing, 6 is a schematic diagram of grafting and wrapping, 7 is a schematic diagram of planting and bagging, 8 is a schematic diagram of root stock grafting and seedling formation, 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of transplanting and bagging with the root neck portion (stem seedling segment), 11 is a schematic diagram of seedling stock opening, 12 is a schematic diagram of stock removal, 13 and 14 are schematic diagrams of seedlings grafted onto seedlings, and 15 is a schematic diagram of seedling stock grafting and seedling formation;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the traditional tea oil seedling stock grafting method in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention, wherein ① is a schematic diagram of seedling removal, ②, ③, and ④ are schematic diagrams of stock cutting, ⑤ is a schematic diagram of stock opening, ⑥ is a schematic diagram of cuttings, ⑦ and ⑧ are schematic diagrams of wrapping, and ⑨ is a schematic diagram of seedling stock grafting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the examples are conventional methods; the materials and reagents used are commercially available reagents and materials unless otherwise specified.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] This embodiment provides a method for grafting and raising oil-tea camellia seedlings. The method flow chart is as follows: Figure 1-3 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0064] 1. Fruit Harvesting, Sowing, and Cultivating Seedlings in Sand Beds: On October 23, 2022 (Frost Descent), freshly processed large-fruited camellia seeds were screened for plump, large seeds and sown in a sand bed. A sand bed approximately 20 cm high and 1.0-1.5 m wide was prepared using clean river sand. Seeds, disinfected for approximately 30 seconds with a 700x (500-800x) solution of carbendazim or a 0.2% (0.1-0.3%) potassium permanganate solution, were evenly sown on the bed, flattened to avoid overlap, and covered with approximately 5 cm of clean, fine river sand. Cover with a shade net, water thoroughly, and keep moist (water once daily on sunny days). In May 2023, when the seedlings reach 7 cm (5-10 cm) in height, have two or three or more leaves turning green (mature), and have a root diameter ≥ 0.3 cm, they can be transplanted and prepared for root stock grafting.

[0065] 2. Transplanting seedlings: Starting from the beginning of May, first soak the sand bed for seedlings thoroughly, then pull out high-quality and strong seedlings, and rinse the sand on the roots of the seedlings with clean water for later use.

[0066] 3. Grafting

[0067] (1) Cutting and opening the rootstock: Cut the selected seedling root into two parts about 1 cm below the root neck. The lower root section is used as the rootstock immediately. Then use a single-sided blade to cut the root section at the center axis, with a depth of about 1 cm, and cut it into a root section about 4-5 cm long (4-5 cm is acceptable, 4 cm in this embodiment). The thicker and longer ones can be cut into 2-3 rootstock sections for seedling root-stock grafting; the upper part with the root neck is transplanted into a bag and continued to be cultivated into a seedling with a complete root system for subsequent seedling-stock grafting.

[0068] (2) Grafting of seedlings onto rootstock

[0069] 1) Cutting the scion: After disinfecting the mature spring shoot scion cuttings collected from the oil tea scion garden, select the axillary buds or terminal buds with full buds and healthy leaves on the scion cuttings, cut the lower part of both sides of the leaf buds into two inclined surfaces (into a wedge shape), the cut surface is about 0.8-1.0 cm long (0.8-1.0 cm can be, 0.9 cm in this embodiment), the cut surface is smooth, and then cut at about 0.2 cm above the axillary bud (except for the terminal bud scion) to make a scion with one leaf and one bud.

[0070] 2) Cuttings and Wrapping: Insert the trimmed scion into the cut rootstock, aligning the cortex on the leaf bud side of the scion with the cortex on the rootstock side. Wrap the joint tightly with aluminum foil. Place the grafted seedlings in a plastic basket or pot and cover with a damp towel to keep them moist.

[0071] 3) Planting: Use a bamboo stick to poke small holes and plant the grafted seedlings into the substrate nutrient bags in the simple shade shed prepared in advance. The depth should not exceed the grafting point.

[0072] 4) Set up a small arch shed with film to keep the moisture: Set up a small arch while planting, spray and cover with film to keep the moisture. When the bed is fully planted, water it thoroughly and spray a fungicide solution (500-800 times of carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, etc., this example uses a 700 times carbendazim solution) until the leaves drip, then immediately cover with film and compact it with river sand to seal it.

[0073] 5) Post-grafting management:

[0074] a) Water Management: After grafting, check the humidity in the film shed regularly (humidity requirement: ≥ 90%). Remove the film every 3-5 days in the morning on sunny, hot days to ventilate and rehydrate. If the substrate is insufficiently moist, water it thoroughly and then cover it back with film. If the substrate is too moist due to continuous rain, remove the film after the rain stops to dry out any water droplets on the leaves and then cover it back with film.

[0075] b) Pest and disease control: The small shed is warm and humid, which is prone to diseases. A fungicide (500-800 times of carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, etc., can be sprayed once every 10-15 days (12 days in this embodiment) in combination with water management; insect pests generally occur less frequently, mainly for the control of silkworms (1500-2000 times of chlorcyanamide and chlorpyrifos can be used, and 1800 times is used in this embodiment), and spraying is carried out every 20-30 days (25 days in this embodiment) in combination with disease prevention.

[0076] C) time of removing the film: 50-60 days (55 days in the present embodiment) after grafting, can start in the evening or select cloudy weather to gradually remove the film and harden the seedlings.

[0077] d) Time to remove the shading net: 7-10 days after the film is removed or after the germination is stable, choose the evening or cloudy weather to remove the shading net for seedling hardening.

[0078] e) Fertilization and weeding: After removing the film and hardening the seedlings, apply a thin layer of 0.2% compound fertilizer + 0.2% urea liquid fertilizer (dosage is 1kg / m 2 ), and then apply 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer + 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer every 15-20 days (this embodiment is 0.4% compound fertilizer + 0.4% urea liquid fertilizer, applied once every 18 days, the dosage is 1kg / m 2), weed once before each fertilization, and check and remove the adventitious buds on the rootstock (root buds are rare). If there are grafts that fail to survive, you can keep the rootstock buds and cultivate them into a seedling for grafting on seedling rootstocks.

[0079] f) Transplanting: Manage until March or April of the following year. When the seedlings reach a height of more than 20 cm, they can be transplanted for planting.

[0080] (3) Grafting on seedling rootstock

[0081] 1) Cultivation of seedling rootstock: Transplant the root neck portion of the seedling rootstock grafted with the prepared substrate nutrient bag (specification is 7×11 cm) at a planting depth of 2-3 cm. After planting the full bed, water it enough to establish roots and set up a small arch frame covered with a sunshade net. After 15-20 days (18 days in this embodiment), remove the sunshade net and start light fertilization with 0.2% triple compound fertilizer + 0.1-0.2% (0.1-0.2% is acceptable, 0.1% in this embodiment) urea water fertilizer (dosage is 1 kg / m 2 ), once every 15-20 days (18 days in this embodiment), and after one month, apply 0.4% (0.3-0.5%) of ternary compound fertilizer water (dosage is 1kg / m 2 ). Manage and cultivate until September-October, when the seedlings grow to a height ≥15-20cm and a diameter ≥0.3cm, they can be used for seedling rootstock grafting.

[0082] 2) Opening the Stock: Make a shallow, downward, diagonal cut about 3-5 cm above the base of the seedling (no deeper than 1 / 2 the seedling diameter). The cut should be about 1.2 cm long, forming a "tongue" shape. Then, trim the tip of the tongue flat below the cut. This is a modified method for opening the stock for seedlings and is quicker and more convenient than first breaking the stock and then opening it.

[0083] 3) Wrap grafting: insert the cut scion (preparation method is the same as (2) seedling root stock grafting) into the cut of the seedling root stock, and ensure that the cambium layer of the scion with leaf buds is aligned with the cambium layer of the root stock, and then wrap the interface tightly with aluminum foil.

[0084] 4) Set up a small film shed to keep moisture

[0085] Place the grafted seedlings in the seedbed under the simple shade canopy in a timely manner, arrange them neatly into rows, set up small arches while placing them, spray them one by one, and cover them with a film to keep them moist. After the rows are filled, water them thoroughly and spray them once with a fungicide solution (500-800 times diluted carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, etc., in this embodiment, a 700-times diluted carbendazim solution) and immediately cover them with a film. Compact and seal them with river sand on all sides.

[0086] 5) Management after grafting

[0087] Check the moisture every 3-5 days in the morning within one month after grafting. Depending on the water shortage, spray water for light or water for heavy. After 20 days, weed and remove sprouts in combination with the moisture check, and do it once a month thereafter. After 50-60 days, the stock and scion have healed firmly and the scion has sprouted and leaves have spread. At this time, the film can be removed and fertilizer can be applied. Specifically, 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer + 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is applied every 15-20 days (this embodiment is 0.4% compound fertilizer + 0.4% urea liquid fertilizer, applied once every 18 days, the dosage is 1kg / m 2 ), and the shade net can be removed after most of the new shoots turn green and mature. Then strengthen fertilizer and water management (all routine management), and from March to May of the following year, when the seedlings are ≥20cm tall, they can be planted.

[0088] Comparative Example 1

[0089] This comparative example provides a method for grafting traditional oil-tea camellia bud stock, the flow chart is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0090] (1) Cultivating sprout stock: In late October (Frost Descent), freshly processed large-fruited tea oil seeds are selected and large and plump seeds are sown on a sand bed. Use clean river sand to make a sand bed about 20 cm high and 1.0-1.5 m wide. Sow seeds that have been disinfected with 700 times (500-800 times) of carbendazim solution or 0.2% (0.1-0.3%) potassium permanganate solution evenly on the bed, flatten to avoid overlapping, and then cover with about 5 cm thick clean water and fine river sand, and then cover with a light-shielding net. After being thoroughly watered, keep it moist. When the sprouts grow to 3-5 cm in height and the root diameter is ≥0.3 cm in late April of the following year, they can be removed and prepared as sprout stock for grafting.

[0091] (2) Transplanting seedlings: Starting from late April, first soak the sand bed for seedlings thoroughly, then pick out high-quality and strong seedlings, rinse the sand off the seedlings with clean water and set aside.

[0092] (3) Cutting and opening the anvil: Cut off the selected sprout stem about 1-2 cm above the root neck, leaving 4-5 cm of the root (cut off the excess part) and then use a single-sided blade to cut the central axis of the sprout stem, about 1 cm deep.

[0093] (4) Cutting the scion: After disinfecting the mature spring shoot scion collected from the scion field, select the axillary buds or terminal buds with full buds and healthy leaves on the scion, cut the lower part of both sides of the leaf bud into two inclined surfaces (into a wedge shape), the cut surface is about 0.8-1.0 cm long (0.8-1.0 cm is acceptable, and 0.9 cm is used in this embodiment), and the cut surface is smooth. Then cut at about 0.2 cm above the axillary bud (except for the terminal bud scion) to make a scion with one leaf and one bud.

[0094] (5) Cuttings and wrapping: Insert the cut scion into the cut stock, aligning the cortex of the scion with the leaf bud side and the stock side. Then wrap the joint tightly with aluminum foil. Place the grafted seedlings in a plastic basket or pot and cover with a wet towel to keep them moist.

[0095] (6) Planting: Use a bamboo stick to poke small holes and plant the grafted seedlings into the substrate nutrient bags in the simple shade shed prepared in advance. The depth should not exceed the grafting point.

[0096] (7) Post-planting management: During this period, a small film arch shed is set up to keep the soil moist, water the soil, and remove weeds. After 20 days, weed and remove sprouts in combination with moisture checks. This is done once a month thereafter. Pest and disease control, fertilization, and other work are carried out in a timely manner (all routine management). Management should continue until March or April of the following year. When the seedlings reach a height of more than 20 cm, they can be planted.

[0097] Test example

[0098] This test example tested the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and the comparison results of the two methods are shown in Table 1 below.

[0099] Table 1

[0100]

[0101] As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention makes full use of the rootstock resources of Camellia oleifera. The use of seedling rootstock grafting eliminates the large amount of work of sprout removal before seedling growth. The use of seedling rootstock grafting broadens the time and season for Camellia oleifera grafting, thereby greatly improving the effectiveness of grafting and raising seedlings of improved Camellia oleifera varieties.

[0102] While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Various modifications may be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by a person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof may be combined with one another unless there is a conflict.

Claims

1. A method for grafting and raising oil-tea camellia seedlings, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Cut the camellia seedlings 0.8-1.2 cm below the root neck of the camellia seedlings to obtain the lower root portion and the upper portion of the camellia seedlings; cut the lower root portion of the camellia seedlings longitudinally at the incision to a depth of about 1.0 cm, controlling the length of the lower root portion of the camellia seedlings to 4-5 cm, thereby obtaining a rootstock for root-stock grafting; S2, performing root-stock grafting on the rootstock to obtain a Camellia oleifera root-stock grafted seedling; S3, transplanting the upper portion of the oil-tea camellia seedling to obtain a transplanted seedling; when the transplanted seedling has a height of ≥15 cm and a seedling diameter of ≥0.3 cm, grafting the seedling onto a small stock to obtain a grafted oil-tea camellia seedling; The seedling raising and transplanting specifically includes: transplanting the upper end portion of the oil tea seedling into a nutrient medium at a transplanting depth of 2-3 cm; after shading for 15-20 days, removing the shading material, and managing the seedling until the seedling grows to a height of ≥15-20 cm and a seedling diameter of ≥0.3 cm; The method further comprises the step of fertilizing after 15-20 days of sunshading management, wherein the step of fertilizing is as follows: applying 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer once after 15-20 days of sunshading management, and applying 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer once every 15-20 days thereafter.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further includes the steps of cultivating tea oil seedlings, which are as follows: sowing tea oil seeds on a sand bed, then covering it with 4-6 cm thick fine sand, then covering the surface of the sand bed with a sunshade, watering it thoroughly, and controlling the humidity at 20-30% to allow the tea oil seeds to germinate and the tea oil seedlings to grow to 5-10 cm, with 2-3 or more leaves turning green and a root diameter ≥ 0.3 cm, thereby obtaining tea oil seedlings for grafting.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The root-stock grafting comprises the following steps: (1) Cutting the scion: Select mature spring shoots of Camellia oleifera to make the scion, cut a knife on each side below the bud of the scion, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape to make a Camellia oleifera scion with one leaf and one bud; (2) Grafting: insert the cut camellia oleifera scion into the incision of the rootstock, align the cortex of the scion with the leaf bud side and the cortex of the rootstock side for root grafting, and then wrap the interface tightly to obtain a camellia oleifera root-root grafted seedling.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method also includes the steps of transplanting and planting the grafted oil-tea tree root stock seedlings, which include: transplanting the grafted oil-tea tree root stock seedlings into a nutrient medium, watering the medium until it is moist, spraying it thoroughly with a fungicide solution, and then sealing it with a film to control the humidity to be above 90%; after 50-60 days of management, removing the film to harden the seedlings, and performing water and fertilizer management. When the oil-tea tree seedlings reach a height of more than 20 cm, they can be planted out.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The application amount of the 0.1%-0.3% urea liquid fertilizer and the 0.1%-0.3% compound fertilizer is 0.8-1.2kg / m 2 The application amount of the 0.3-0.5% compound fertilizer and 0.3-0.5% urea liquid fertilizer is 0.8-1.2kg / m 2 .

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seedling stock grafting comprises the following steps: 1) Cutting the rootstock: Make a diagonal cut 3-5 cm above the base of the transplanted seedling. The depth of the cut should not exceed 1 / 2 of the seedling diameter. The length of the cut should be 1-1.5 cm, forming a "tongue" shape. Cut the tip of the "tongue" flat to obtain the seedling rootstock. 2) Cutting the scion: Select old and mature branches of Camellia oleifera for scion grafting. Cut a knife on each side below the bud of the old and mature branches of Camellia oleifera, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape. Leave one leaf and one bud on the Camellia oleifera scion. 3) Grafting: inserting the cut camellia oleifera scion into the incision of the rootstock, aligning the cortex of the scion with the leaf bud side and the cortex of the seedling rootstock side, and then wrapping the interface tightly to obtain a camellia oleifera grafted seedling.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seedling rootstock grafting also includes a post-grafting management step, which includes: sealing the oil tea seedling rootstock grafted seedlings with a film and controlling the humidity to be above 90%; weeding and removing sprouts after 18-22 days of management; removing the film after 50-60 days of management, and carrying out water and fertilizer management. When the oil tea seedlings reach a height of more than 20 cm, they can be planted.

8. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in oil-tea camellia grafting seedling cultivation.

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