Cultivation method for interplanting macadamia nuts and stropharia rugosoannulata

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for interplanting macadamia nuts and stropharia rugoso-annulata, and relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to the cultivation method comprising the following steps of (1) forest land selection, (2) pretreatment, (3) sowing and (4) management after sowing. The method is convenient to operate and easy to implement, the economic benefits of forest farmers are improved by adopting the macadamia nut and stropharia rugoso-annulata interplanting technology, and the method is suitable for popularization.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to the field of planting technology, and in particular to a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and stropharia cap mushrooms. [Background technology]

[0002] Stropharia rugosoannulata. Belongs to the phylum Basidiomycetes, class Hymenomycetes, order Agaricales, family Strophariaceae, genus Stropharia, also known as wrinkled Stropharia, wine-red Stropharia, and Pseudomonas fasciatus. Commonly used trade names include red pine mushroom and red pine mushroom. It is a typical grass-rot fungus. Stropharia has a bright appearance, thick stalk and fat cap, and a crisp and smooth taste. It has the reputation of "meat among vegetarians". The fruiting body of Stropharia is rich in crude fiber, amino acids, polysaccharides, proteins and other nutrients, and has anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, blood sugar lowering, and coronary heart disease improvement effects. The cultivation technology of Stropharia is simple and extensive, and the source of cultivation raw materials is rich, and it can make full use of the open space in the forest for interplanting.

[0003] Macadamia spp., also known as macadamia nuts, Australian walnuts, Queensland nuts, etc., belong to the genus Macadamia in the family Proteaceae. It is a perennial evergreen tree native to the subtropical rainforest area along the southeastern coast of Queensland and northeastern New South Wales, Australia (5°-32° south latitude). It is a domesticated oil-bearing tree species cultivated worldwide. It is one of the most advanced nuts in the world and is known as the "king of nuts".

[0004] At present, people generally use sawdust, straw, wheat straw, bagasse, cottonseed shells and other raw materials to cultivate Stropharia rugosa. There are no reports on the relevant technology of using macadamia nut peel to cultivate edible fungi. Macadamia nut peel refers to the green outer skin of macadamia nut. Macadamia nut fruit can be divided into three parts: green skin, shell and kernel. The kernel is edible. The green skin of macadamia nut accounts for 45% to 60% of the weight of fresh fruit. The green skin and shell are by-products of macadamia nut processing.

[0005] The green peel of macadamia nuts contains a variety of active ingredients such as protein, soluble sugar, tannin, phenols, etc. However, at present, macadamia nut peels are rarely used in fertilizers, and most of them are discarded, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the surrounding environment. It is urgently needed to be effectively developed and utilized. [Summary of the invention]

[0006] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method of intercropping macadamia nuts and Stropharia rugosa, and to improve the economic benefits of forest farmers by adopting the intercropping technology of macadamia nuts and Stropharia rugosa.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for intercropping macadamia nuts and Stropharia rugosa comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia nut forests with a tree age of 3-4 years and a canopy density of 0.5-0.8;

[0010] (2) Pretreatment: clean weeds and stones from the forest land, level the land, and then sprinkle the fungicide composition into the soil, and then make ridges with a bed width of 80-100 cm, a ridge height of 15-20 cm, and a ridge spacing of 45-60 cm;

[0011] (3) Sowing: Spread the culture medium on the ridges with a thickness of 15-20 cm. Water thoroughly one day before sowing to ensure that the water content of the culture medium is 60-65%. Sowing is carried out by spot sowing. Break the Stropharia occidentalis into blocks and spread them on the ridges, placing 3-4 blocks in each row with an interval of 4-6 cm.

[0012] (4) Management after sowing: Spray water at appropriate times during the cultivation of Stropharia officinalis to control the moisture content of the culture medium to 60-65%, pay attention to pest control, and harvest in time after maturity.

[0013] In the present invention, further, the bactericidal composition in step (2) is prepared by mixing crushed macadamia nut shells, ginger and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 3-4:1:2-3, then adding EM bacteria in an amount of 0.05-0.1 times the mass of the mixture, and naturally fermenting for 10-12 hours, then crushing the fermented product to pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve, and then adding bacterial fertilizer, and continuing natural fermentation for 2-3 hours to obtain the bactericidal composition.

[0014] In the present invention, further, the culture medium in step (3) is prepared by mixing and crushing 20-30 parts by weight of macadamia nut skins, 22-32 parts by weight of miscellaneous wood chips, 22-32 parts by weight of bagasse and 3-5 parts by weight of rice bran, adding 1-2 parts by weight of lime, and fermenting at a temperature of 55-65°C. In the early stage of fermentation, the compost is turned over once every 1-2 days, and a total of 2-3 times. The culture medium can be obtained after 10-15 days of fermentation.

[0015] In the present invention, further, in the step (3), after the bacterial strains are sown, the culture medium is covered with a covering thickness of 5-7 cm, followed by 3-5 cm of soil, and then covered with 2-3 cm of straw, and the layers are compacted to make the material surface in a turtle back shape, and then water is sprayed immediately.

[0016] In the present invention, further, the post-sowing management also includes turning the mushroom residue of the Stropharia officinalis into the soil on the spot after the Stropharia officinalis is harvested to improve soil fertility.

[0017] In the present invention, further, the bacterial fertilizer is prepared by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N of the organic fertilizer to 25-30:1 using glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content in the organic fertilizer to 2+ The content is 5-7%; then, the adjusted organic fertilizer is inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum at an inoculation amount of 15-20%, and fermented at 28°C for 14 days to obtain the bacterial fertilizer.

[0018] The composition of organic fertilizer is organic matter 40.1%, organic carbon 22.9%, water 21.21%, N 1.4%, P 2 O 5 1.32%, KCl1.35%, S 0.27%, Ca 2.32%, Fe 14.76%, Cu 6.38×10 -3 %, Zn 0.05%, Mg 0.01%, C / N 16.35, pH 7.0. After the spore suspension of Trichoderma harzianum was prepared, it was inoculated, that is, the Trichoderma harzianum strain was inoculated into the PSA plate, cultured at 28°C for 7 days, sterile water was added, and the spores were scraped off and collected to obtain a concentration of 1.28×10 8 CFU / mL of Trichoderma harzianum spore suspension.

[0019] In the present invention, further, the culture medium is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of macadamia nut skins, 28 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 28 parts of sugarcane bagasse and 4 parts of rice bran.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention proposes a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and stropharia, and for the first time proposes a model of intercropping stropharia under macadamia nut forests, which has no land cost and indirectly increases its economic benefits. The macadamia nut forest has a certain canopy density and can provide a good growth environment for stropharia. Firstly, the under-forest simulated wild cultivation technology can make full use of the cool and moist microenvironment in the forest, and then efficiently utilize the under-forest space, so that the cultivated fungi not only have high yield but also good quality. Secondly, planting stropharia and other fungi can digest a part of the green skin and shell of macadamia nuts, making full use of macadamia nut processing waste, which improves the ecological environment to a certain extent. In addition, after the harvested fungus residue is decomposed, its residue can effectively promote the growth of macadamia nut trees and improve the economic benefits of forest farmers.

[0022] 2. The present invention turns processing waste such as macadamia nut peels into treasure and recycles them, extending the macadamia nut planting and processing industry chain while expanding the planting chain of the edible fungus industry and increasing economic benefits. Macadamia nuts can be processed by local enterprises, and the transportation distance of waste from processing enterprises to plantations is short, the cost of raw materials is low, and production costs are saved. Sawdust saves 200 yuan per ton, and the cost per bag is reduced by 0.20-0.25 yuan / bag compared with the original conventional formula. In addition, the macadamia nut peel is rich in nutrients, and the green peel is soft and breathable after crushing, which promotes the growth of edible fungus mycelium; the macadamia nut shell has a hard texture and a long time for nutrient release, which can increase the late yield of Stropharia rugosa; sugarcane bagasse is not only rich in nutrients and has good moisture retention performance, but also has a reasonable combination of several raw materials, stable yield before, during and after fruiting, good quality, and high conversion rate, which improves economic benefits by more than 0.25 yuan / bag compared with conventional formulas.

[0023] 3. After years of research on fungus cultivation, the applicant considered that the giant puffball could be cultivated under forests in combination with its growth habits, and after screening, chose macadamia nut forests as the cultivation forests. However, during implementation, the applicant discovered that the soil where macadamia nuts have been planted for many years is prone to breed fungi such as Phytophthora camphora and Diplodia due to reasons such as moist soil. Therefore, the effect after direct planting was not ideal, mainly due to the influence of some fungi, resulting in a low mushroom yield, which ultimately led to a decrease in the yield of the giant puffball. Based on this, the applicant compared chemical disinfectants and biological control methods and found that the effect of chemical disinfectants was not good, which may lead to drug residues in Pleurotus ostreatus and reduce the content of organic matter in the soil. Before sowing Pleurotus ostreatus, the present application first used a bactericidal composition to treat the soil. The bactericidal composition was obtained by fermenting and crushing a combination of "macadamia shell + ginger + cassia seed" + continuing to ferment the bacterial fertilizer for a short time. The use of the bactericidal composition can kill most of the soil microorganisms (fungi) that are not conducive to the growth of macadamia trees and Pleurotus ostreatus, and can improve the soil. The components of the bactericidal composition of the present application are natural and safe, will not lead to drug residues in Pleurotus ostreatus, and will not cause damage to the soil. After the above soil pre-treatment, the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium grows rapidly and vigorously after sowing, and can also increase the mushroom yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, ultimately increasing the yield of the product and obtaining better economic benefits. Therefore, the present invention has outstanding technical effects.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 The germination of Stropharia rugosodium mycelium cultivated in the manner of Example 2 of the present application is shown.

[0025] Figure 2 The growth condition of the Stropharia rugosa cultivated in the manner of Example 2 of the present application after fruiting. [Specific implementation method]

[0026] The following embodiments may help those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but shall not limit the present invention in any way.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and Stropharia rugosa, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0029] (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia nut forests with a tree age of 3-4 years and a canopy density of 0.5; the spacing between trees in the forest rows should be 5 meters (plant spacing) * 6 meters (row spacing) or more. It is advisable to choose forest land near water sources, without water accumulation, and with convenient drainage. It is best to choose loam or slightly sandy soil areas rich in humus, loose and fertile, with good air permeability;

[0030] (2) Pretreatment: clearing weeds and stones from the forest land, leveling the land, and then spreading the fungicide composition into the soil, and then making ridges with a bed width of 80 cm, a ridge height of 15 cm, and a ridge spacing of 45 cm; wherein the fungicide composition is prepared by mixing crushed macadamia nut shells, ginger, and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 3:1:2, and then adding EM bacteria in an amount of 0.05 times the mass of the mixture, and fermenting naturally for 10 hours, and then crushing the fermented product until it passes through a 60-mesh sieve, and then adding bacterial fertilizer, and continuing to ferment naturally for 2 hours to obtain the fungicide composition; the bacterial fertilizer is prepared by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N of the organic fertilizer to 25:1 with glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content in the organic fertilizer to 1:1. 2+ The content is 5%; then, Trichoderma harzianum is inoculated into the adjusted organic fertilizer at an inoculation amount of 15%, and fermented at 28°C for 14 days to obtain the bacterial fertilizer; at the same time, a water spraying facility is set up, and a spray device is generally used. The adjacent ridge surfaces are staggered to install ground-inserted micro-sprayers, and the spacing between ground-inserted micro-sprayers on the same ridge surface is 250cm;

[0031] (3) Sowing: The most suitable time for sowing Stropharia is when the temperature is 18-28℃ (generally in late October to early November in Guangxi). Therefore, when the average temperature of the forest is 15℃, the material can be spread and sown. The compost is spread on the ridge with a thickness of 15 cm, and watered thoroughly one day before sowing to ensure that the moisture content of the compost is 60%; sowing is carried out in a spot sowing manner, the stropharia species are broken into blocks and spread on the ridge, 3 blocks are placed in each row, and the interval is 4 cm, and the compost is covered after the species are sown, and the covering thickness is 5 cm, and then covered with 3 cm of soil, and then covered with 2 cm of straw, and compacted in layers to make the material surface in a turtle back shape, and then water is sprayed immediately, and the amount of water sprayed should be appropriate so that the excess water on the covering will not penetrate into the material; wherein the compost is prepared by mixing and crushing 20 parts by weight of macadamia nut skins, 22 parts by weight of miscellaneous wood chips, 22 parts by weight of sugarcane bagasse and 3 parts by weight of rice bran, and then adding 1 part by weight of lime, and fermenting at a temperature of 55°C. In the early stage of fermentation, the compost is turned once every 1 day, and the compost is turned twice in total. In the early stage of fermentation, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the compost is small, and the compost can be obtained after 10 days of fermentation;

[0032] (4) Management after sowing: On the second day after sowing, spray a small amount of carbendazim diluted 500 times on the ridge surface with a sprayer, the dosage is 100g / (667m 2 ), the mycelium starts to germinate on the third day after the sowing of the Stropharia, and the mycelium extends into the culture medium in bundles in about 7 days; during the period of spawning: the temperature is controlled at 18-25℃, the water content of the culture medium is 60-65%, and the relative humidity of the air is 85-90%. Therefore, a ground temperature and humidity meter should be placed in the cultivation site to observe the temperature and humidity changes of the culture medium at all times, and water (mist water) should be sprayed in time, and each spraying should last for 4 minutes; when the mycelium grows to the covering soil layer, dry and wet stimulation should be carried out appropriately, and the water content of the culture medium should be changed by reducing or increasing the frequency and amount of water spraying to promote the formation of mushroom buds and turn the mycelium from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. During the fruiting period: the management focus is to keep moisture, strengthen ventilation, control the temperature at 12-25℃, pay attention to increasing the amount of water spraying, and ensure that the water content of the culture medium is always 65% and the relative humidity of the air is 85-95% during the fruiting period. According to the principle of less spraying and more frequent spraying, spray water on the ridge surface every morning and evening to ensure that the covering is in a moist state. If it is rainy, you don’t need to spray water, and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention. The specific situation can be flexibly controlled according to the weather conditions. Under normal circumstances, the mycelium will form young buds 7-10 days after it emerges from the soil surface, and will continue to differentiate into young mushrooms after about 3 days. It takes 5-7 days from the young mushrooms to mature from white spots. Disease control: The control of diseases and pests of Stropharia cap should follow the principle of prevention first and comprehensive management, and it is required to prevent all kinds of miscellaneous bacteria from occurring at the source. Use yellow boards and black light to lure and kill pests. Miscellaneous bacteria such as ghost caps, disc fungi, and psilocybin mushrooms that will be encountered before the Stropharia cap mushrooms are produced should be dug out as soon as possible and sprayed with 0.1% lime water.

[0033] (5) Harvesting: After the stropharia is mature, it should be harvested in time. The judgment standard is that the fungus membrane of the fruiting body has not yet broken or is about to break, and the fungus cap is rolled inward and does not open. After the first wave of stropharia is harvested, stop watering for 3 days to promote the mycelium to resume growth and accumulate nutrients. Then refer to the management requirements of the spawning period to increase humidity and promote budding. After 15-20 days, the second wave of mushrooms will begin. Generally, stropharia can produce 3-4 waves of mushrooms. When harvesting, first grab the base of the stem and twist it gently. Wait until it is loose and then gently pull it up to avoid affecting or damaging the surrounding small mushroom buds. After each crop of mushrooms is harvested, fill the pits with soil to prevent water accumulation in low-lying areas. In addition, after each harvest, spray more water after one week of recovery. Use a clean blade to scrape off the dirt and residues at the base of the stem of the harvested stropharia, and wipe the stem clean to improve the overall cleanliness of the stropharia fruiting body. After cleaning, it can be sold fresh, or it can be dried or salted before being sold.

[0034] (6) Post-harvest processing: In order to improve the resource utilization rate of the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis and obtain higher economic benefits, on the one hand, the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis can be used as soil covering material for the second mushroom planting to reduce the cultivation cost; on the other hand, the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis can also be turned into the soil on the spot to increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the soil structure, and increase the soil fertility. In addition, the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis can be directly spread on the ridge bed, and naturally degraded to provide nutrients for the macadamia nut tree and promote its growth.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and Stropharia rugosa, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia nut forests with a tree age of 3-4 years and a canopy density of 0.6. The spacing between trees in the forest rows should be 5 meters (spacing) * 6 meters (row spacing) or more. It is advisable to choose forest land near water sources, without water accumulation, and with convenient drainage. It is best to choose loam or slightly sandy soil areas rich in humus, loose and fertile, with good air permeability;

[0038] (2) Pretreatment: clearing weeds and stones from the forest land, leveling the land, and then spreading the fungicide composition into the soil, and then making ridges with a bed width of 90 cm, a ridge height of 17 cm, and a ridge spacing of 50 cm; wherein the fungicide composition is prepared by mixing crushed macadamia nut shells, ginger, and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 3:1:3, and then adding EM bacteria in an amount of 0.07 times the mass of the mixture, and fermenting naturally for 11 hours, and then crushing the fermented product until it passes through a 70-mesh sieve, and then adding bacterial fertilizer, and continuing to ferment naturally for 2-3 hours to obtain the fungicide composition; the bacterial fertilizer is prepared by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N of the organic fertilizer to 27:1 using glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content in the organic fertilizer to 1:1. 2+The content is 6%; then, Trichoderma harzianum is inoculated into the adjusted organic fertilizer at an inoculation amount of 17%, and fermented at 28°C for 14 days to obtain the bacterial fertilizer; at the same time, a water spraying facility is set up, and a spray device is generally used. The adjacent ridge surfaces are staggered to install ground-inserted micro-sprayers, and the spacing between ground-inserted micro-sprayers on the same ridge surface is 270cm;

[0039] (3) Sowing: The most suitable time for sowing Stropharia is when the temperature is 18-28℃ (generally in late October to early November in Guangxi). Therefore, when the average temperature of the forest is 20℃, the material can be spread and sown. The compost is spread on the ridge with a thickness of 17 cm, and watered thoroughly one day before sowing to ensure that the moisture content of the compost is 62%; sowing is carried out in a spot sowing manner, the stropharia spawn is broken into blocks and spread on the ridge, 3 blocks are placed in each row with an interval of 5 cm, and the compost is covered with a covering thickness of 6 cm after the spawn is sown, and then covered with 4 cm of soil, and then covered with 3 cm of straw, and compacted in layers to make the material surface in a turtle back shape, and then water is sprayed immediately, and the amount of water sprayed should be appropriate so that the excess water on the covering will not penetrate into the material; wherein the compost is prepared by mixing and crushing 25 parts by weight of macadamia nut skins, 28 parts by weight of miscellaneous wood chips, 28 parts by weight of bagasse and 4 parts by weight of rice bran, and then adding 1 part by weight of lime, and fermenting at a temperature of 60°C. In the early stage of fermentation, the compost is turned once every 2 days, and a total of 3 times. In the early stage of fermentation, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the compost is small, and the compost can be obtained after 12 days of fermentation;

[0040] (4) Management after sowing: On the second day after sowing, spray a small amount of carbendazim diluted 700 times on the ridge surface with a sprayer, the dosage is 150g / (667m 2), the mycelium starts to germinate on the third day after the sowing of the Stropharia, and the mycelium extends into the culture medium in bundles in about 7 days; during the period of spawning: the temperature is controlled at 18-25℃, the water content of the culture medium is 60-65%, and the relative humidity of the air is 85-90%. Therefore, a ground temperature and humidity meter should be placed in the cultivation site to observe the temperature and humidity changes of the culture medium at all times, and water (mist water) should be sprayed in time, and each spraying should last for 5 minutes; when the mycelium grows to the covering soil layer, dry and wet stimulation should be carried out appropriately, and the water content of the culture medium should be changed by reducing or increasing the frequency and amount of water spraying to promote the formation of mushroom buds and turn the mycelium from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. During the fruiting period: the management focus is to keep moisture, strengthen ventilation, control the temperature at 12-25℃, pay attention to increasing the amount of water spraying, and ensure that the water content of the culture medium is always 65% and the relative humidity of the air is 85-95% during the fruiting period. According to the principle of less spraying and more frequent spraying, spray water on the ridge surface every morning and evening to ensure that the covering is in a moist state. If it is rainy, you don’t need to spray water, and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention. The specific situation can be flexibly controlled according to the weather conditions. Under normal circumstances, the mycelium will form young buds 7-10 days after it emerges from the soil surface, and will continue to differentiate into young mushrooms after about 3 days. It takes 5-7 days from the young mushrooms to mature from white spots. Disease control: The control of diseases and pests of Stropharia cap should follow the principle of prevention first and comprehensive management, and it is required to prevent all kinds of miscellaneous bacteria from occurring at the source. Use yellow boards and black light to lure and kill pests. Miscellaneous bacteria such as ghost caps, disc fungi, and psilocybin mushrooms that will be encountered before the Stropharia cap mushrooms are produced should be dug out as soon as possible and sprayed with 0.1% lime water.

[0041] (5) Harvesting: After the stropharia is mature, it should be harvested in time. The judgment standard is that the fungus membrane of the fruiting body has not yet broken or is about to break, and the fungus cap is rolled inward and does not open. After the first wave of stropharia is harvested, stop watering for 4 days to promote the mycelium to resume growth and accumulate nutrients. Then refer to the management requirements of the spawning period to increase humidity and promote budding. After 15-20 days, the second wave of mushrooms will begin. Generally, stropharia can produce 3-4 waves. When harvesting, first grab the base of the stem and twist it gently. Wait until it is loose and then gently pull it up to avoid affecting or damaging the surrounding small mushroom buds. After each crop of mushrooms is harvested, fill the pits with soil to prevent water accumulation in low-lying areas. In addition, after each harvest, spray more water after one week of recovery. Use a clean blade to scrape off the dirt and residues at the base of the stem of the harvested stropharia, and wipe the stem clean to improve the overall cleanliness of the stropharia fruiting body. After cleaning, it can be sold fresh, or it can be dried or salted before being sold.

[0042] (6) Post-harvest processing: In order to improve the resource utilization rate of the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis and obtain higher economic benefits, on the one hand, the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis can be used as soil covering material for the second mushroom planting to reduce the cultivation cost; on the other hand, the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis can also be turned into the soil on the spot to increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the soil structure, and increase the soil fertility. In addition, the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis can be directly spread on the ridge bed, and naturally degraded to provide nutrients for the macadamia nut tree and promote its growth.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for intercropping macadamia nuts and Stropharia rugosa, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0045] (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia nut forests with a tree age of 3-4 years and a canopy density of 0.8. The spacing between trees in the forest rows should be 5 meters (plant spacing) * 6 meters (row spacing) or more. It is advisable to choose forest land near water sources, without water accumulation, and with convenient drainage. It is best to choose loam or slightly sandy soil areas rich in humus, loose and fertile, with good air permeability;

[0046] (2) Pretreatment: clearing weeds and stones from the forest land, leveling the land, and then spreading the fungicide composition into the soil, and then making ridges with a bed width of 100 cm, a ridge height of 20 cm, and a ridge spacing of 60 cm; wherein the fungicide composition is prepared by mixing crushed macadamia nut shells, ginger, and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 4:1:3, and then adding EM bacteria in an amount of 0.1 times the mass of the mixture, and naturally fermenting for 12 hours, and then crushing the fermented product until it passes through an 80-mesh sieve, and then adding bacterial fertilizer, and continuing to naturally ferment for 3 hours to obtain the fungicide composition; the bacterial fertilizer is prepared by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N of the organic fertilizer to 30:1 using glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content in the organic fertilizer to 1:1. 2+ The content is 7%; then, Trichoderma harzianum is inoculated into the adjusted organic fertilizer at an inoculation amount of 20%, and fermented at 28°C for 14 days to obtain the bacterial fertilizer; at the same time, a water spraying facility is set up, and a spray device is generally used. The adjacent ridge surfaces are staggered to install ground-inserted micro-sprayers, and the spacing between ground-inserted micro-sprayers on the same ridge surface is 300cm;

[0047] (3) Sowing: The most suitable time for sowing Stropharia is when the temperature is 18-28℃ (generally in late October to early November in Guangxi). Therefore, when the average temperature of the forest is 28℃, the material can be spread and sown. The compost is spread on the ridge with a thickness of 20 cm, and watered thoroughly one day before sowing to ensure that the moisture content of the compost is 65%; sowing is carried out in a spot sowing manner, the stropharia species are broken into blocks and spread on the ridge, 4 blocks are placed in each row with an interval of 6 cm, and the compost is covered with a covering thickness of 7 cm after the species are sown, and then covered with 5 cm of soil, and then covered with 3 cm of straw, and compacted in layers to make the material surface in a turtle back shape, and then water is sprayed immediately, and the amount of water sprayed should be appropriate so that the excess water on the covering will not penetrate into the material; wherein the compost is prepared by mixing and crushing 30 parts by weight of macadamia nut skins, 32 parts by weight of miscellaneous wood chips, 32 parts by weight of sugarcane bagasse and 5 parts by weight of rice bran, and then adding 2 parts by weight of lime, and fermenting at a temperature of 65°C. In the early stage of fermentation, the compost is turned once every 2 days, and a total of 3 times. In the early stage of fermentation, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the compost is small, and the compost can be obtained after 15 days of fermentation;

[0048] (4) Management after sowing: On the second day after sowing, spray a small amount of carbendazim diluted 1000 times on the ridge surface with a sprayer, the dosage is 200g / (667m 2 ), the mycelium starts to germinate on the third day after the sowing of the Stropharia, and the mycelium extends into the culture medium in bundles in about 7 days; during the period of spawning: the temperature is controlled at 18-25℃, the water content of the culture medium is 60-65%, and the relative humidity of the air is 85-90%. Therefore, a ground temperature and humidity meter should be placed in the cultivation site to observe the temperature and humidity changes of the culture medium at all times, and water (mist water) should be sprayed in time, and each spraying should last for 6 minutes; when the mycelium grows to the covering soil layer, dry and wet stimulation should be carried out appropriately, and the water content of the culture medium should be changed by reducing or increasing the frequency and amount of water spraying to promote the formation of mushroom buds and turn the mycelium from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. During the fruiting period: the management focus is to keep moisture, strengthen ventilation, control the temperature at 12-25℃, pay attention to increasing the amount of water spraying, and ensure that the water content of the culture medium is always 65% and the relative humidity of the air is 85-95% during the fruiting period. According to the principle of less spraying and more frequent spraying, spray water on the ridge surface every morning and evening to ensure that the covering is in a moist state. If it is rainy, you don’t need to spray water, and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention. The specific situation can be flexibly controlled according to the weather conditions. Under normal circumstances, the mycelium will form young buds 7-10 days after it emerges from the soil surface, and will continue to differentiate into young mushrooms after about 3 days. It takes 5-7 days from the young mushrooms to mature from white spots. Disease control: The control of diseases and pests of Stropharia cap should follow the principle of prevention first and comprehensive management, and it is required to prevent all kinds of miscellaneous bacteria from occurring at the source. Use yellow boards and black light to lure and kill pests. Miscellaneous bacteria such as ghost caps, disc fungi, and psilocybin mushrooms that will be encountered before the Stropharia cap mushrooms are produced should be dug out as soon as possible and sprayed with 0.1% lime water.

[0049] (5) Harvesting: After the stropharia is mature, it should be harvested in time. The judgment standard is that the fungus membrane of the fruiting body has not yet broken or is about to break, and the fungus cap is rolled inward and does not open. After the first wave of stropharia is harvested, stop watering for 5 days to promote the mycelium to resume growth and accumulate nutrients. Then refer to the management requirements of the spawning period to increase humidity and promote budding. After 15-20 days, the second wave of mushrooms will begin. Generally, stropharia can produce 3-4 waves of mushrooms. When harvesting, first grab the base of the stem and twist it gently. Wait until it is loose and then gently pull it up to avoid affecting or damaging the surrounding small mushroom buds. After each crop of mushrooms is harvested, fill the pits with soil to prevent water accumulation in low-lying areas. In addition, after each harvest, spray more water after one week of recovery. Use a clean blade to scrape off the dirt and residues at the base of the stem of the harvested stropharia, and wipe the stem clean to improve the overall cleanliness of the stropharia fruiting body. After cleaning, it can be sold fresh, or it can be dried or salted before being sold.

[0050] (6) Post-harvest processing: In order to improve the resource utilization rate of the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis and obtain higher economic benefits, on the one hand, the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis can be used as soil covering material for the second mushroom planting to reduce the cultivation cost; on the other hand, the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis can also be turned into the soil on the spot to increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the soil structure, and increase the soil fertility. In addition, the mushroom residue of Stropharia capensis can be directly spread on the ridge bed, and naturally degraded to provide nutrients for the macadamia nut tree and promote its growth.

[0051] Test example

[0052] In order to illustrate the practical value of this application, the applicant conducted the following experiments:

[0053] Experiment 1: Comparison of the effects of different planting methods, grouped as follows:

[0054] The first group: the method described in Example 2;

[0055] Group 2: except for the treatment of sprinkling the fungicide composition on the soil, the other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0056] Group 3: The fungicidal composition was replaced with an equal amount of commercially available thiophanate-methyl, and the other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0057] Group 4: In the preparation process of the bactericidal composition, the fermentation treatment step is removed, and the other methods are the same as those of Group 1;

[0058] Group 5: The macadamia shells in the fungicide composition were replaced with Amaranthus teeth, and the other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0059] Group 6: The bacterial fertilizer in the bactericidal composition was removed, and the other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0060] Group 7: Remove the macadamia nut skin from the culture medium, and other methods are the same as those of Group 1;

[0061] Group 8: Remove macadamia nut skins and rice bran from the culture medium. Other methods are the same as those of Group 1.

[0062] The cultivation quality of the above groups under different treatments was compared, including the fruiting time and yield of Stropharia rugosa (specifically, the 1st to 3rd flush mushrooms were counted), and the data of each group were recorded as shown in Table 1:

[0063] Table 1 Comparison of planting effects under different intercropping methods

[0064]

[0065] According to the results in Table 1, the interplanting of Stropharia capitis under the forest by the method of the present application has a short fruiting time and a high yield. The second group removed the operation of the bactericidal composition treatment, which resulted in the infection of the Stropharia capitis by pathogens after sowing, a low fruiting rate, a significant reduction in the final yield, and a long fruiting time, indicating that the soil of the macadamia nut forest cannot be directly used for the cultivation of Stropharia capitis. It may be due to the characteristics of its growth that the soil contains bacteria that affect the growth of Stropharia capitis, resulting in the inability to fruit normally. The third group was replaced with thiophanate-methyl, which resulted in a long fruiting time. The fourth and fifth groups changed the composition or preparation method of the bactericidal composition, which could not achieve the effect of the present application. The effect of the application is that when the fermentation operation is removed during the preparation of the bactericidal composition, the mushroom fruiting time is short, but the yield of the second and third waves of mushrooms is reduced. After only one component was adjusted in the fifth group, the mushroom fruiting time and yield of the Pleurotus ostreatus were lower than those of the present application group, indicating that the bactericidal composition is not simply given a bactericidal effect, but needs to be set in combination with the growth characteristics of the Pleurotus ostreatus itself. The composition and preparation method of the composition are obtained by the applicant after creative labor. The seventh and eighth groups changed the composition of the culture medium, and their yield was greatly reduced, indicating that the culture medium of the present application is conducive to obtaining high-yield Pleurotus ostreatus, and the benefits will be more substantial.

[0066] like Figure 1 The following is the growth of Stropharia mycelium under the first cultivation method. Figure 2 The growth of the stropharia after fruiting under the first group of cultivation methods shows that the stropharia cultivated by the method of the present application grows well. In summary, the present application adopts the mode of interplanting stropharia under the macadamia nut forest, which has no land cost, increases the economic benefits of forest farmers, and has a very broad application prospect.

[0067] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping macadamia nuts and Stropharia rugosa, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Selection of forest land: Select macadamia nut forests with a tree age of 3-4 years and a canopy density of 0.5-0.8; (2) Pretreatment: clean weeds and stones from the forest land, level the land, and then sprinkle the fungicide composition into the soil, and then make ridges with a bed width of 80-100 cm, a ridge height of 15-20 cm, and a ridge spacing of 45-60 cm; (3) Sowing: Spread the culture medium on the ridges with a thickness of 15-20 cm. Water thoroughly one day before sowing to ensure that the water content of the culture medium is 60-65%. Sowing is carried out by spot sowing. Break the Stropharia occidentalis into blocks and spread them on the ridges, placing 3-4 blocks in each row with an interval of 4-6 cm. (4) Management after sowing: Spray water at appropriate times during the cultivation of Stropharia officinalis to control the moisture content of the culture medium to 60-65%, pay attention to pest control, and harvest in time after maturity.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The bactericidal composition in step (2) is prepared by mixing crushed macadamia nut shells, ginger and cassia seeds in a mass ratio of 3-4:1:2-3, then adding EM bacteria in an amount of 0.05-0.1 times the mass of the mixture, and naturally fermenting for 10-12 hours. Then, the fermented product is crushed until it passes through a 60-80 mesh sieve, and then bacterial fertilizer is added, and the natural fermentation is continued for 2-3 hours to obtain the bactericidal composition.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The culture medium in step (3) is prepared by mixing and crushing 20-30 parts by weight of macadamia nut skins, 22-32 parts by weight of miscellaneous wood chips, 22-32 parts by weight of bagasse and 3-5 parts by weight of rice bran, adding 1-2 parts by weight of lime, and fermenting at a temperature of 55-65° C. In the early stage of fermentation, the compost is turned over once every 1-2 days, and a total of 2-3 times. The culture medium can be obtained after 10-15 days of fermentation.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), after the bacterial strains are sown, the culture medium is covered with a covering thickness of 5-7 cm, followed by 3-5 cm of soil, and then covered with 2-3 cm of straw, and the layers are compacted to make the material surface in a turtle back shape, and then water is sprayed immediately.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The post-sowing management also includes turning the mushroom residue of the Stropharia officinalis into the soil on the spot after the Stropharia officinalis is harvested to improve the soil fertility.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The bacterial fertilizer is prepared by weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting the C / N ratio of the organic fertilizer to 25-30:1 using glutinous rice flour, and adjusting the Ca content of the organic fertilizer to 1:

1. 2+ The content is 5-7%; then, the adjusted organic fertilizer is inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum at an inoculation amount of 15-20%, and fermented at 28°C for 14 days to obtain the bacterial fertilizer.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The culture medium is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of macadamia nut skins, 28 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 28 parts of sugarcane bagasse and 4 parts of rice bran.

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