Agricultural composition for preventing and treating sclerotiniose of sunflower

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural compositions, in particular to an agricultural composition for preventing and treating sunflower sclerotiniose. The invention provides an agricultural composition for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of sunflowers, active components of the agricultural composition for preventing and treating the sclerotinia rot of the sunflowers comprise boscalid and citrus, and the mass ratio of the boscalid to the citrus is (1: 8)-(1: 18). Through verification, after the boscalid and the citrus are compounded, seed dressing is performed before sunflower sowing, the emergence rate of sunflowers can be increased, in addition, after the boscalid and the citrus are compounded, an excellent synergistic interaction effect is shown, and the prevention and treatment effect on the sclerotinia rot of the sunflowers is more prominent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural compositions, and in particular to an agricultural composition for preventing and treating sunflower sclerotinia disease. Background Art

[0002] Sunflower sclerotinia is one of the main diseases of sunflower, with an incidence rate of 30% to 60% in general years and more than 90% in serious plots, which seriously affects the yield and quality of sunflowers and restricts the development of the sunflower industry. The pathogen of sunflower sclerotinia is Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which belongs to the Ascomycetes, Sclerotinales, and Sclerotinales. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum overwinters in the soil in the form of sclerotia. When conditions are suitable, sclerotia germinate to produce hyphae or ascospores that harm healthy sunflower plants, causing root rot, stem rot, leaf rot, and disk rot types of sclerotinia.

[0003] At present, chemical control is still an effective prevention and control measure for sunflower sclerotinia disease. Boscalid, commonly known as boscalid in English, has a chemical name: 2-chloro-N-(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl) nicotinamide. It is a nicotinamide fungicide developed by BASF of Germany. It has a broad fungicide spectrum and can prevent and treat gray mold and sclerotinia disease. Boscalid inhibits mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, hinders the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and interferes with cell division and growth. It can inhibit spore germination, bacterial tube extension, hyphae growth and spore mother cell formation. Boscalid is a highly effective agent for preventing and treating sclerotinia disease, but there is a risk of resistance and environmental pollution and pesticide residue problems when used alone. Mixing boscalid with other ingredients to reduce the amount of boscalid used is an effective method. Patent CN114128718A discloses a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating sunflower disk rot sclerotinia disease, and the active ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition include boscalid and prochloraz. After the combination of boscalid and prochloraz, there is a significant inhibitory effect on the growth, sclerotial germination, toxin production and cell wall degradation enzymes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the field incidence of sunflower disk rot sclerotinia, and the effect is significantly better than the two single agents. It can slow down the development of drug resistance of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, reduce the cost of use and pesticide residues, and reduce environmental pollution. However, both boscalid and prochloraz are chemical fungicides, and still have the problems of resistance, environmental pollution and pesticide residues. It is urgent to find environmentally friendly and harmless ingredients to be combined with existing chemical pesticide ingredients to reduce the resistance of chemical pesticides, reduce their pollution to the environment, and reduce pesticide residues.

[0004] Naringin, also known as naringenin, naringin aglycone. Molecular formula C 27 H 32 O 14It is mainly found in the peel and pulp of grapefruit, tangerine and orange of Rutaceae. It is also the main active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicines such as Drynaria fortunei, Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium fructus and Citrus tangerine peel. Studies have shown that naringenin has the function of inhibiting HepG2 cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. Naringenin triggers the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway, accompanied by an increase in nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. Naringenin induces cell cycle arrest in the G0 / G1 phase of the cell cycle and increases caspase-3 activity, leading to cell apoptosis. Naringenin is generally isolated and extracted from Rutaceae plants. It is natural and widely available, meeting the requirements of green pesticide materials. At present, naringenin has not been used in the prevention and control of sunflower sclerotinia disease, let alone the use of naringenin and boscalid in the prevention and control of sunflower sclerotinia disease. Without a large number of screening tests and subsequent ratio studies and insecticidal efficacy verification tests, ordinary technicians in this field cannot predict whether citrus exogenous polyphenols have the effect of controlling plant diseases, let alone whether citrus exogenous polyphenols can be used in the control of sunflower sclerotinia disease, and whether they can be mixed with boscalid and used in the control of sunflower sclerotinia disease. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease. The agricultural composition adopts citrus extract, which is a natural and widely available plant extract, and compounds citrus extract with an existing pesticide boscalid to reduce the potential resistance problem of boscalid, reduce the usage of boscalid, reduce environmental pollution components, and improve the prevention and control effect of sunflower sclerotinia disease.

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides an agricultural composition for controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease, wherein the active ingredients of the agricultural composition consist of boscalid and citrinin.

[0007] Furthermore, in the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease, the mass ratio of boscalid to citrus pigment is 1:8 to 1:18.

[0008] Furthermore, in the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease, the mass ratio of boscalid to citrus pigment is 1:1-14.

[0009] Furthermore, in the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease, the mass ratio of boscalid to citrus pigment is 1:10.

[0010] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease, wherein the method for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease uses the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease to act on sunflower sclerotia and / or their hosts.

[0011] In addition, the present invention also provides application of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease in preparing pesticides.

[0012] Furthermore, in the use of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease in preparing pesticides, the pesticide comprises the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease.

[0013] Furthermore, the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease is used in the preparation of pesticides, wherein the pesticide is a suspension or an aqueous emulsion or a water-soluble powder or a wettable powder.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages:

[0015] The contribution of the present invention to the prior art is to provide an agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia, wherein the active ingredients are composed of boscalid and citrus tincture, and the mass ratio of boscalid to citrus tincture is 1:18 to 8:1. After the present invention mixes boscalid and citrus tincture, the inhibitory effect on sunflower sclerotinia is excellent, and a synergistic effect is exerted in the range of 1:18 to 8:1, and the synergistic coefficient is 1.503 to 3.017. In the field control effect test, after boscalid and citrus tincture are mixed, the change trend of the control effect on sunflower sclerotinia is consistent with the trend of the indoor toxicity test results. After boscalid and citrus tincture are mixed, the emergence rate of sunflower is the highest at a mass ratio of 1:10, and the control effect on sunflower sclerotinia is the best, which is better than the application effect of a single component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical scheme of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The experimental methods and detection methods described in each embodiment are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0017] Citrus tangerine was purchased from Nanjing Tianrun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. with a purity of 98%.

[0018] 98% boscalid technical, provided by Zhejiang Yulong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] This example provides an indoor toxicity test of citrinin and boscalid against sunflower sclerotinia rot.

[0021] Test reagents:

[0022] Citrus tangerine was purchased from Nanjing Tianrun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. with a purity of 98%.

[0023] Boscalid: 98% boscalid technical, provided by Zhejiang Yulong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0024] Test bacteria: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was provided by Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0025] The isolation and extraction method of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is as follows: Sclerotia are collected at the experimental base of Shihezi Agricultural Reclamation Academy of Sciences, disinfected with 3% sodium hypochlorite solution for 1-3 minutes, and then surface disinfected with 75% alcohol for 5-10 seconds, rinsed with sterile water 3 times, and the water on the edge of the sclerotia is dried with sterilized filter paper to reduce the contamination of pathogenic tissue. The sclerotia are placed on a PDA plate, cultured in a 25°C incubator for 3-5 days, and then the hyphae at the edge of the colony are picked for separation and purification to obtain the pure strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which is stored at 4°C after culture.

[0026] The mycelium growth rate method was used to dilute boscalid and citrus oxadiazole with acetone to a series of gradient concentrations. 1 mL of the diluted agent was added to 9 mL of pre-melted PDA medium, poured into a sterilized culture dish and mixed, and PDA plates containing boscalid and citrus oxadiazole series of mass concentrations were prepared. The cultured strain was punched along the edge of the colony with a 6 mm puncher and inoculated onto the drug-containing PDA plate. The control was no drug addition. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and cultured in the dark at 25 ° C. After 2 days, the colony diameter was measured by the cross method.

[0027] The mycelial growth inhibition rate was calculated according to the following formula, and the effective inhibitory concentration (EC 50 ).

[0028] Mycelium growth inhibition rate (%) = (control colony diameter - treated colony diameter) / (control colony diameter - cake diameter) × 100%.

[0029] Due to the characteristics of fungicides themselves and the differences in bioassay methods, the Wadley method is a frequently used method to evaluate whether the combination of fungicides has a synergistic effect. The Wadley method is applicable to the expected effective concentration (EC) at any control level when a and b are the absolute numbers of single agents in the combination. 50exp ) is calculated by the following formula, and the combined effect of the compound is evaluated by comparing the synergistic coefficient (SR). The calculation formula is:

[0030] EC 50exp =(a+b) / (a / EC 50 A+b / EC 50 B);

[0031] SR=EC 50exp / EC 50实际 .

[0032] Wherein, a is the proportion of boscalid in the agricultural composition, b is the proportion of citrus in the agricultural composition, EC 50 A is the EC of boscalid A 50 , E.C. 50 B is the EC of citrus 50When SR ≤ 0.5, it is an antagonistic effect; when 0.5 < SR < 1.5, it is an additive effect; when SR ≥ 1.5, it is a synergistic effect. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0033] Table 1 Results of indoor toxicity test

[0034] Pharmacy <![CDATA[EC 50 (μg / mL)]]> <![CDATA[EC 50exp ]]> SR Boscalid(A) 5.051 / / Citrus aurantifolia (B) 12.514 / / A:B=1:20 10.609 11.691 1.102 A:B=1:18 7.167 11.611 1.620 A:B=1:16 6.410 11.513 1.796 A:B=1:14 5.582 11.392 2.041 A:B=1:12 4.570 11.237 2.459 A:B=1:10 3.657 11.032 3.017 A:B=1:6 3.870 10.333 2.670 A:B=1:4 4.284 9.660 2.255 A:B=1:2 4.112 8.385 2.039 A:B=1:1 3.826 7.197 1.881 A:B=2:1 3.748 6.304 1.682 A:B=4:1 3.632 5.735 1.579 A:B=8:1 3.599 5.409 1.503 A:B=16:1 3.996 5.235 1.310 A:B=20:1 4.757 5.199 1.093

[0035] As can be seen from Table 1, after mixing boscalid and citrusin, the inhibitory effect on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower is excellent. When the mixing mass ratio of boscalid and citrusin is within the range of 1:8 to 1:18, it shows a synergistic effect, and the synergistic coefficient is 1.503 - 3.017. In addition, when the mass ratio of boscalid and citrusin exceeds this range, it shows an additive effect.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] This example provides a wettable powder of an agricultural composition for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower.

[0038] Weigh 1 part of boscalid, 18 parts of citrusin, 6 parts of dispersant S - 60, 8 parts of dispersant N, 1 part of wetting agent K12, 1 part of detergent LS, and 6 parts of white carbon black, and make up to 100 parts by mass with kaolin, and adjust the pH value to 5 - 7. A wettable powder of an agricultural composition for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower is prepared.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] This example provides an emulsion in water of an agricultural composition for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower.

[0041] Weigh 8 parts of boscalid, 1 part of citrusin, 15 parts of xylene, 4 parts of pesticide emulsifier 500#, 6 parts of pesticide emulsifier 600#, 2 parts of ethylene glycol, and make up to 100 parts by mass with water. An emulsion in water of an agricultural composition for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower is prepared by emulsification.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] This example provides a suspo - emulsion of an agricultural composition for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower.

[0044] Weigh 1 part of boscalid, 14 parts of citrusin, 3 parts of compound wetting agent, 5 parts of compound dispersant, 1 part of defoamer, 2 parts of antifreeze, 1 part of thickener, and make up to 100 parts by mass with water. A suspo - emulsion of an agricultural composition for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower is prepared by emulsification.

[0045] Example 5

[0046] This example provides a water - soluble powder of an agricultural composition for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower.

[0047] According to the weight ratio, 1 part of boscalid, 10 parts of citrus pigment, 20 parts of tetradecyl ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 20 parts of tea saponin, 19 parts of fulvic acid, 14 parts of chitosan and 1 part of defoamer were weighed and mixed to obtain a water-soluble powder of an agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia.

[0048] Example 6

[0049] This example provides an aqueous emulsion of an agricultural composition for controlling sunflower sclerotinia.

[0050] According to the weight percentage, 1 part of boscalid, 2 parts of citrus pigment, 15 parts of xylene, 2 parts of pesticide emulsifier 500#, 4 parts of pesticide emulsifier 600#, and 2 parts of ethylene glycol were weighed, and water was added to make up to 100 parts by weight. The aqueous emulsion of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia was prepared by emulsification.

[0051] Example 7

[0052] This example provides an aqueous emulsion of an agricultural composition for controlling sunflower sclerotinia.

[0053] According to the weight percentage, 1 part of boscalid, 6 parts of citrus pigment, 15 parts of xylene, 3 parts of pesticide emulsifier 500#, 5 parts of pesticide emulsifier 600#, and 2 parts of ethylene glycol were weighed, and water was added to make up to 100 parts by weight. The aqueous emulsion of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia was prepared by emulsification.

[0054] Example 8

[0055] This example provides an aqueous emulsion of an agricultural composition for controlling sunflower sclerotinia.

[0056] According to the weight percentage, 1 part of boscalid, 1 part of citrus pigment, 15 parts of xylene, 3 parts of pesticide emulsifier 500#, 5 parts of pesticide emulsifier 600#, and 2 parts of ethylene glycol were weighed, and water was added to make up to 100 parts by weight. The aqueous emulsion of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia was prepared by emulsification.

[0057] Example 9

[0058] This example is a test on the efficacy of sunflower sclerotinia prevention by seed dressing before sowing.

[0059] Sunflower variety: KWS303, highly susceptible to sclerotinia, has a wide cultivation area in Xinjiang and is representative of the region. The test plots were selected from plots with severe disease in the previous year. The agricultural compositions for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia of Example 5, Example 6 and Example 7 were selected for seed dressing before sowing. The seeds not dressed with any agent were used as the blank control group (CK), and the seeds dressed with boscalid and citrus oxalicum were used as the single-dose group. The seeds were planted in holes with equal row spacing of 60cm×25cm, and 3 repetitions were set for each treatment. The emergence of sunflower plants was observed and recorded, and the emergence rate of sunflowers was counted; the incidence of sunflower plants was observed, and the disease was graded according to the standards of relevant literature. Grading standard: Grade 0: disease-free, healthy plants; Grade 1: mild disease, only water-soaked spots on the rhizomes, no wilting of the plants; Grade 2: moderate disease, brown spots on the rhizomes, but small expansion, less than 50% of the leaves wilt; Grade 3: more than 50% of the leaves wilt, fall over or die. To calculate the relative protection effect of sunflowers, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0060] Disease index = 100 × ∑ (number of lesions at each level × representative value of each level) / (total number of lesions surveyed × highest representative value)

[0061] Control effect (%) = (control group disease index - treatment group disease index) / control group disease index × 100. The specific test results are shown in Table 2:

[0062] Table 2 Test results of sunflower seed dressing before sowing

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] The test results show that the sunflower emergence rate increased by more than 10% when the boscalid: citrus extract compound preparation was mixed with seeds before sowing, compared with the control group, especially when the mass ratio of boscalid: citrus extract was 1:10 or 1:6, the sunflower emergence rate was as high as 92% or 93%; the boscalid: citrus extract compound preparation was mixed with seeds before sowing, compared with the blank control, and significantly reduced the disease index of sunflower sclerotinia disease and improved the prevention effect of sunflower sclerotinia disease, especially when boscalid and citrus extract were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:10, the prevention effect of sunflower sclerotinia disease was as high as 71%. This shows that the mixing of boscalid: citrus extract can increase the emergence rate of sunflowers and improve the prevention and control effect of sunflower sclerotinia disease.

[0066] Example 10

[0067] This example is a test on the effectiveness of preventing sunflower disk rot.

[0068] Sunflower variety: Edible sunflower variety Sandaomei.

[0069] Test method: adopt large-area test, each treatment area is 30m×0.60m×15=270m 2 , repeated 3 times, artificial sowing, plant spacing of about 60cm. Each treatment area was artificially inoculated with a spore suspension of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and the inoculation amount was 120mL (the concentration of the spore suspension of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was 100 spores / ml) + 4900ml water for each plot. The flower disk was medicated 3 times at the beginning of flowering, full flowering and the end of flowering. The dosage of the drug was set at 40g / mu of boscalid, 60g / mu of citrus sclerotiorum and 9 treatments of boscalid and citrus sclerotiorum in a mass ratio of 1:10, 1:6, 1:2, 1:1, 1:18, 8:1, 1:14, and tap water spraying as a blank control group (CK), a total of 10 treatments. All 10 treatments were artificially inoculated with a spore suspension of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the beginning of flowering, and the first medication was used on the third day after inoculation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the second medication was used during the full flowering period, and the third medication was used at the end of flowering for a total of 3 times. 7-10 days after the third application of the drug (after the control group develops the disease), the first investigation of the disease situation is carried out. There are 5 points on the diagonal of each area, and 30 plants are investigated at each point. The disease situation is recorded and the control effect on sunflower disk rot is calculated. The disease is graded according to the standards of relevant literature. The disk rot disease grading standards are as follows: Level 0: no symptoms, Level 1: the infected disk area is less than 25%, Level 2: the infected disk area is 26% to 50%, Level 3: the infected disk is 51% to 75%, and Level 4: the infected disk is greater than 75%. Calculate the prevention effect. The test results are shown in Table 3:

[0070] Table 3 The results of sunflower disk rot control

[0071]

[0072] The test results show that the sunflower sclerotinia disease index after the compounding of boscalid and tangerin in the mass ratio of 8:1 to 1:18 is lower than that of the boscalid group and the tangerin single agent group, and the prevention effect is higher than that of the boscalid group and the tangerin group, indicating that the mixing ratio of boscalid and tangerin in the range of 8:1 to 1:18 has a better sunflower sclerotinia disease (sunflower disk rot) prevention effect than the single agent. In particular, when the mixing mass ratio of boscalid and tangerin is 1:10, the prevention effect is the best, and the three prevention effects are 92.53%, 82.98%, and 74.49% respectively. The mixing mass ratio of boscalid and tangerin = 1:10 is the best embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but only represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by relevant deductions and substitutions made by ordinary technicians in the field under the conditions of the concept of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An agricultural composition for preventing and treating sunflower sclerotinia disease, characterized in that: The active ingredients of the agricultural composition are composed of boscalid and citrinin.

2. The agricultural composition according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of boscalid to citrus biotin is 1:8 to 1:

18.

3. The agricultural composition according to claim 2, characterized in that The mass ratio of boscalid to citrus biotin is 1:1-14.

4. The agricultural composition according to claim 2, characterized in that The mass ratio of boscalid to tangerin is 1:

10.

5. A method for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease, characterized in that: The agricultural composition for controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease according to any one of claims 1 to 4 acts on sunflower sclerotia and / or their hosts.

6. Use of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the preparation of pesticides, characterized in that: The pesticide comprises the agricultural composition for controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease.

7. Use of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease according to claim 6 in the preparation of pesticides, characterized in that: The pesticide is a suspension concentrate.

8. Use of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease according to claim 6 in preparing pesticides, characterized in that: The pesticide is an aqueous emulsion.

9. Use of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease according to claim 6 in preparing pesticides, characterized in that: The pesticide is a water-soluble powder.

10. Use of the agricultural composition for preventing and controlling sunflower sclerotinia disease according to claim 6 in preparing pesticides, characterized in that: The pesticide is a wettable powder.

Images