A powder filling apparatus and method for the preparation of ring-layered porous tubes / rods

Abstract

The application discloses a powder filling equipment for preparing ring-layered porous pipe / rod, which comprises a base, a column seat, a column and a crossbeam, wherein a screw rod is arranged on the crossbeam, a screw sleeve is sleeved below the screw rod, the screw sleeve is matched with a support, a top rod is arranged in the screw sleeve, a hook is arranged at the lower part of the screw sleeve, a rod or pipe positioning sleeve is arranged on the base, an outer sleeve pipe and an isolation steel foil are arranged on the rod or pipe positioning sleeve, a flange is arranged on the isolation steel foil, and a material blocking plate is arranged on the base; in addition, the application also provides a use method of the powder filling equipment for preparing ring-layered porous pipe / rod, wherein powder is filled into the space between the outer sleeve pipe and the isolation steel foil and in the isolation steel foil, the isolation steel foil is pulled out, then sintering is conducted, and finally the ring-layered porous pipe / rod is obtained. Through the arrangement of the screw rod, the top rod and the material blocking plate, it is ensured that the inner and outer layer powders can eliminate the influence of upward friction during the pulling-out process of the isolation steel foil, the position is kept stable, and the complete and stable filling of the inner and outer powders in the isolation steel foil is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy porous composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a powder filling device and method for preparing ring-layer porous pipes / rods. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of powder metallurgy technology, the powder filling method has been widely studied and concerned. A large amount of research work has been carried out on the influence of the original characteristics of the powder, such as particle size, shape, bulk and tap density, fluidity, etc. on the filling. It is undoubtedly that the powder filling technology is the basis for preparing porous functional components by the powder metallurgy method and is also the core of the powder metallurgy forming technology. With the further development of modern industry, porous materials need to have more functional characteristics, such as simultaneously having electrical conductivity and high strength, which leads to the functional limitation of single powder prepared components. Porous materials also develop towards compounding, so as to make the components simultaneously have the excellent performance of each component of the composite.

[0003] The existing powder metallurgy filling method has low efficiency and single filling type, and is mostly limited to the filling of powders of the same material or powders of the same material with different particle sizes, which is difficult to meet the production of porous material components of different materials with more functional requirements. If the composite filling is to be realized, more complex mold design is needed, and only the size change brought by different components needs to redesign the mold, which does not have universality and interchangeability, causing the time-consuming of the whole process flow, and a large amount of time is spent on mold manufacturing, which greatly increases the production cost. In addition, the precision of the powder filling prepared by the conventional method is not high, and further processing is still needed. In order to solve the functional component demand of porous material preparation in various fields, a new type of composite powder filling technology is needed, especially a dynamic powder filling technology with high precision and controllable geometric position degree.

[0004] In order to solve the existing powder filling problem, it is necessary to specially solve the problem of filling of different gradient powders, to prepare ring-layer porous functional components with high precision and high geometric position degree, and to reduce subsequent processing. Therefore, a powder filling device and method for preparing ring-layer porous pipes / rods are needed. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a powder filling device for the preparation of ring-layered porous pipes / rods to solve the above problems of the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a powder filling device for the preparation of ring-layered porous pipes / rods, characterized in that the device comprises a base, a column seat mounted on the base, a column fitted with the column seat, a cross beam mounted on the upper end of the column through a first screw, a screw rod threadedly mounted on the end of the cross beam away from the first screw, a screw sleeve with external threads sleeved on the lower part of the screw rod, the screw sleeve being fitted with a threaded hole of a bracket fixed on the base, a top rod fitted with the screw rod being further mounted in the screw sleeve, a detachable hook mounted on the lower part of the screw sleeve through a second screw, a rod positioning sleeve or a pipe positioning sleeve coaxial with the screw rod being further mounted on the base, an annular groove coaxial with the screw rod being further formed on the upper surface of the rod positioning sleeve or the pipe positioning sleeve, an outer sleeve being mounted on the outer circle of the annular groove, an isolation steel foil being mounted on the inner circle of the annular groove, a flange fitted with the hook being mounted on the upper part of the isolation steel foil, a positioning hole coaxial with the screw rod being further formed in the center of the upper surface of the pipe positioning sleeve, a core rod being mounted in the positioning hole, a detachable baffle plate divided into two halves being further arranged on the base, and a circular hole corresponding to the isolation steel foil being further formed on the baffle plate.

[0007] The above-mentioned powder filling device for the preparation of ring-layered porous pipes / rods is characterized in that the screw rod, the screw sleeve, the top rod, the outer sleeve, the isolation steel foil, the rod positioning sleeve, the pipe positioning sleeve, and the flange are coaxial.

[0008] The above-mentioned powder filling device for the preparation of ring-layered porous pipes / rods is characterized in that the base is provided with mounting holes matched with the rod positioning sleeve and the pipe positioning sleeve, and the rod positioning sleeve and the pipe positioning sleeve are both provided with cylindrical bodies matched with the mounting holes.

[0009] The above-mentioned powder filling device for the preparation of ring-layered porous pipes / rods is characterized in that the screw sleeve is provided with a handle.

[0010] The above-mentioned powder filling device for the preparation of ring-layered porous pipes / rods is characterized in that the diameter of the top rod matches the inner diameter of the isolation steel foil.

[0011] The powder filling device and method for preparing the ring-layered porous pipe / rod, characterized in that the top rod and the inner hole of the screw sleeve are in small-gap sliding fit.

[0012] The powder filling device and method for preparing the ring-layered porous pipe / rod, characterized in that the height of the material blocking plate matches the height of the outer sleeve.

[0013] In addition, the application also provides a method for preparing a ring-layered porous rod by using the powder filling device, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0014] Step one: install the isolation steel foil on the inner circle of the annular groove on the upper surface of the rod positioning sleeve, install the outer sleeve on the outer circle, then fill the outer layer powder between the outer sleeve and the isolation steel foil, fill the inner layer powder in the isolation steel foil, and vibrate to obtain a filled rod positioning sleeve; the height of the outer layer powder, the inner layer powder and the outer sleeve in the filled rod positioning sleeve is the same;

[0015] Step two: place the filled rod positioning sleeve obtained in step one on the mounting hole of the base, then rotate the screw rod to make the lower end of the top rod tightly abut against the upper end surface of the inner layer powder, then horizontally push the two halves of the detachable material blocking plate from both sides respectively to make the round hole of the material blocking plate abut against the isolation steel foil, the top lower surface of the material blocking plate abut against the outer layer powder, and the gap is less than 0.1mm, and finally fix the material blocking plate and the base to obtain a limiting device;

[0016] Step three: move the handle to rotate the screw sleeve in the limiting device obtained in step two downwards, then install the detachable hook on the lower part of the screw sleeve by using the second screw, and make the hook abut against the flange of the isolation steel foil to obtain a device to be pulled out;

[0017] Step four: move the handle to rotate the screw sleeve in the device to be pulled out obtained in step three upwards until the isolation steel foil is completely pulled out from the outer layer powder and the inner layer powder to obtain a pre-prepared green body in the outer sleeve;

[0018] Step five: sinter or press and sinter the pre-prepared green body obtained in step four to obtain a layered gradient porous rod element.

[0019] In addition, the application also provides a method for preparing a ring-layered porous pipe by using the powder filling device, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step one: install the core rod in the positioning hole on the upper surface of the pipe positioning sleeve, install the isolation steel foil on the inner circle of the annular groove, install the outer sleeve on the outer circle, then fill the outer layer powder between the outer sleeve and the isolation steel foil, fill the inner layer powder between the isolation steel foil and the core rod, and vibrate to obtain a filled pipe positioning sleeve; the height of the outer layer powder, the inner layer powder and the outer sleeve in the filled pipe positioning sleeve is the same and is lower than the height of the core rod;

[0021] Step two, the pipe material positioning sleeve obtained in step one is placed on the mounting hole of the base, then the screw rod is rotated, the lower end of the jacking rod is tightly jacked against the upper end surface of the inner layer powder, the two detachable material stop plates are respectively pushed horizontally from both sides, the round hole is attached to the isolation steel foil, the top lower surface is in contact with the outer layer powder, and the gap is less than 0.1mm, finally the material stop plate is fixed with the base, and the limiting device is obtained;

[0022] Step three, the handle is moved downward to rotate the screw sleeve in the limiting device obtained in step two, then the detachable hook is installed at the lower part of the screw sleeve by using the second screw, and the hook is hung with the flange of the isolation steel foil, and the device to be extracted is obtained;

[0023] Step four, the handle is moved upward to rotate the screw sleeve in the device to be extracted obtained in step three, until the isolation steel foil has been completely extracted from the outer layer powder and the inner layer powder, then the outer layer powder and the inner layer powder are pressed, then the core rod is taken out, and the preform green body is obtained in the outer sleeve pipe;

[0024] Step five, the preform green body obtained in step four is sintered to obtain a ring-layer gradient porous pipe element.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. The present application sets the screw rod and the jacking rod to compress and limit the inner layer powder filled with the isolation steel foil, sets the material stop plate to compress and limit the outer layer powder filled between the isolation steel foil and the outer sleeve pipe, sets the screw sleeve and the hook to cooperate with the support to realize the vertical extraction of the isolation steel foil between the inner layer powder and the outer layer powder, adopts the independent motion mechanism design scheme of the inner and outer layers, and the powder of the inner and outer layers remains fixed and immovable while the isolation steel foil for isolating different powder components is extracted, which ensures the complete and stable filling of the inner and outer powders of the steel foil and solves the powder filling problem of the ring-layer porous pipe / rod.

[0027] 2. The present application designs the pipe material positioning sleeve and the rod material positioning sleeve to respectively prepare the ring-layer porous pipe or rod, realizes various needs, and the powder filling equipment is simple and compact in structure, the height is adjustable, and after replacing individual parts, it can be used for element preform green bodies of different structures and sizes, effectively avoiding complex mold design, improving the overall universality and interchangeability, reducing the mold manufacturing cost, greatly improving the production cost, in addition, avoiding the problem of low precision after powder filling preparation by conventional means, reducing subsequent processing and improving the preparation process of the porous functional material.

[0028] 3. The application proposes a gradient powder filling technology with high precision and high geometric position degree. Through the design of the screw sleeve, the outer thread spiral mechanism is used for vertical movement up and down, and the high-precision guide hole coaxial with the center is used to provide precise guidance for the ejector rod, ensuring the vertical downward precise compaction of the inner layer powder and the fixed position, ensuring the precise filling of two different material powders, and realizing the preparation of high-precision, high-geometric-position-degree ring-layer composite powder metallurgy porous products.

[0029] 4. The application proposes a gradient layer powder filling technology suitable for the preparation of porous materials, realizes high-precision powder filling, and provides a simple and feasible method for manufacturing ring porous pipe elements and layer gradient porous rod elements. The gradient can be applied to different particle sizes, different components, and material layer types, breaking through the limitations of single type powder filling, and laying a structural foundation for the subsequent forming process and pore design according to functional requirements.

[0030] 5. The application simultaneously realizes high-precision filling of different powders, provides a high-dimensional precision, high-geometric-position-degree structural foundation for the subsequent pressing and sintering process of functional porous material elements, solves the problem that single powder filling cannot meet the functional requirements, and provides a high-dimensional precision, high-geometric-position-degree structural foundation for the subsequent pressing and sintering process of functional porous material elements.

[0031] The technical solutions of the application will be further described in detail below with the help of the drawings and examples. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a powder filling equipment for ring-layer porous pipe / rod preparation of the application.

[0033] Figure 2 It is an enlarged view of A. Figure 1

[0034] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a material blocking plate in the powder filling equipment for ring-layer porous pipe / rod preparation of the application.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the filling of the outer layer powder and the inner layer powder after the adoption of the rod positioning sleeve in the powder filling equipment for ring-layer porous pipe / rod preparation of the application.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the filling of the outer layer powder and the inner layer powder after the adoption of the tube positioning sleeve in the powder filling equipment for ring-layer porous pipe / rod preparation of the application.

[0037] Explanation of reference signs:

[0038] ​1—base; 2—column base; 3—column;

[0039] 4—first screw; 5—crossbeam; 6—screw;

[0040] 7—screw sleeve; 8—bracket; 9—mandrel;

[0041] 10—Second screw; 11—Hook; 12—Rod positioning sleeve;

[0042] 13—outer casing; 14—isolating steel foil; 15—flange;

[0043] 16—Block plate; 17—Round hole; 18—Handle;

[0044] 19—outer layer powder; 20—inner layer powder; 21—tube positioning sleeve;

[0045] 22—Mandrel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] A powder filling device for preparing annular layered porous tubes / rods of the present invention is described in detail through Example 1.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the powder filling equipment for preparing annular layered porous tubes / rods in this embodiment includes a base 1, a column seat 2 is installed on the base 1, and the column seat 2 is matched with a column 3. The upper end of the column 3 is mounted with a crossbeam 5 through a first screw 4, and a screw 6 is threadedly mounted on the crossbeam 5 at one end away from the first screw 4. The lower part of the screw 6 is sleeved with a screw sleeve 7 with an external thread, and the screw sleeve 7 is matched with a threaded hole of a bracket 8 fixed to the base 1. A top rod 9 that matches the screw 6 is also installed in the screw sleeve 7, and a detachable hook 11 is installed at the lower part of the screw sleeve 7 through a second screw 10. The base 1 is also equipped with a screw 6 that is the same as the screw 6. The rod positioning sleeve 12 or the tube positioning sleeve 21 of the shaft, the upper surface of the rod positioning sleeve 12 or the tube positioning sleeve 21 is provided with an annular groove coaxial with the screw 6, the outer ring of the annular groove is installed with an outer sleeve 13, the inner ring of the annular groove is installed with an isolation steel foil 14, the upper part of the isolation steel foil 14 is installed with a flange 15 that cooperates with the hook 11, the center of the upper surface of the tube positioning sleeve 21 is provided with a positioning hole coaxial with the screw 6, a core rod 22 is installed in the positioning hole, and a detachable baffle plate 16 divided into two halves is provided on the base 1, and a circular hole 17 corresponding to the isolation steel foil 14 is provided on the baffle plate 16.

[0049] It should be noted that by setting the base 1, the column seat 2, the column 3 and the beam 5 constitute the overall space frame, by setting the bar positioning sleeve 12 or the pipe positioning sleeve 21 to limit the spatial position of the outer sleeve pipe 13 and the isolation steel foil 14, by setting the screw rod 6 and the top rod 9 and vertically moving to compact and position the inner layer powder 20 filled in the isolation steel foil 14, by setting the horizontally movable material blocking plate 16 to compact and position the outer layer powder 19 filled between the isolation steel foil 14 and the outer sleeve pipe 13, by setting the screw sleeve 7 and the hook 11 and cooperating with the support 8 to vertically extract the isolation steel foil 14 between the inner layer powder 20 and the outer layer powder 19, the inner and outer layers are independently designed, the inner and outer layers are fixed when the isolation steel foil 14 for isolating different powder components is extracted, the inner and outer powders in the isolation steel foil 14 are guaranteed to be complete and stable, the powder filling problem in the preparation of the ring-layered porous pipe / rod is solved, and the mechanism is simple, compact, and height-adjustable. After replacing individual parts, it can be used for powder compact filling of elements with different structures and sizes.

[0050] It should be noted that by setting the outer sleeve pipe 13 and the isolation steel foil 14, the inner and outer layers are independently designed, which realizes high-precision filling of heterogeneous powders in the preparation of ring-layered porous pipes / rods. When the isolation steel foil 14 is extracted, the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20 remain fixed, which guarantees the height of the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20 in the isolation steel foil 14, and provides a structural basis for high dimensional accuracy and high geometric position for subsequent pressing and sintering processes. The outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20 can be filled between powders of two different materials with the same particle size, the same material with different particle sizes, and different materials with different particle sizes, realizing the preparation of various ring-layered porous pipes / rods.

[0051] It should be noted that the screw rod 6 moves up and down in the vertical direction by rotating clockwise or counterclockwise, and the screw sleeve 7 also moves up and down in the vertical direction by rotating clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0052] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 It should be noted that the pipe positioning sleeve 21 is the same as the bar positioning sleeve 12 except that the positioning hole is provided and the mandrel 22 is installed, the bar positioning sleeve 12 is used for preparing a ring-layered porous rod, and the pipe positioning sleeve 21 is used for preparing a ring-layered porous pipe. By providing the positioning hole and installing the mandrel 22 in the pipe positioning sleeve 21, the inner layer powder 20 is filled to occupy the position, so that the prepared ring-layered porous pipe has a tubular structure.

[0053] It should be noted that the column 3 installed on the column seat 2 can move vertically up and down along the column seat 2, driving the cross beam 5 installed on the column 3 to adjust the height position up and down, and the column 3 is designed to be movable up and down, in order to adapt to different heights of the multi-hole element and increase the application range of the equipment.

[0054] It should be noted that the hook 11 is used to hook the lower bottom surface of the flange 15 of the isolation steel foil 14, and when the sleeve 7 moves upward, the hook 11 drives the isolation steel foil 14 to be pulled out from the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20.

[0055] It should be noted that the powder loading and vibration are all performed after the rod positioning sleeve 12 or the pipe positioning sleeve 21 is removed from the powder loading equipment.

[0056] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the screw rod 6, the sleeve 7, the ejector pin 9, the outer sleeve 13, the isolation steel foil 14, the rod positioning sleeve 12, the pipe positioning sleeve 21 and the flange 15 are coaxial. By limiting the coaxiality, the effect of pressing and limiting the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20 is ensured.

[0057] In this embodiment, the base 1 is provided with a mounting hole matched with the rod positioning sleeve 12 and the pipe positioning sleeve 21, and the lower part of the rod positioning sleeve 12 and the pipe positioning sleeve 21 is provided with a cylinder matched with the mounting hole. By setting the mounting hole and the cylinder, the rod positioning sleeve 12 and the pipe positioning sleeve 21 can be quickly installed and the outer sleeve 13 and the isolation steel foil 14 on the rod positioning sleeve 12 and the pipe positioning sleeve 21 are coaxial with the screw rod 6, the sleeve 7, the ejector pin 9 and the round hole 17 on the material blocking plate 16, thereby improving the production efficiency.

[0058] As shown in Figure 1 In this embodiment, the sleeve 7 is provided with a handle 18. By setting the handle 18, the sleeve 7 can be easily rotated, and the sleeve 7 can be easily moved upward or downward.

[0059] In this embodiment, the diameter of the ejector pin 9 matches the inner diameter of the isolation steel foil 14. By matching the diameter of the ejector pin 9 with the inner diameter of the isolation steel foil 14, the ejector pin 9 can completely press the inner layer powder 20 filled in the isolation steel foil 14, thereby ensuring the effect of pressing and limiting.

[0060] In this embodiment, the ejector pin 9 and the inner hole of the sleeve 7 are in small gap sliding fit. By making the ejector pin 9 and the inner hole of the sleeve 7 in small gap sliding fit, the end face of the ejector pin 9 is tightly combined with the upper surface of the powder billet without tilting.

[0061] In this embodiment, the height of the material blocking plate 16 matches the height of the outer sleeve 13. By matching the height of the material blocking plate 16 with the height of the outer sleeve 13, the lower side of the top of the material blocking plate 16 is ensured to be in contact with and tightly pressed against the outer layer of powder 19, and when the screw rod 6 moves upward and the hook 11 drives the isolation steel foil 14 to be pulled out of the filled powder compact, the outer layer of powder 19 and the outer sleeve remain stable under the action of the material blocking plate 16.

[0062] A method for using the powder filling device for preparing a ring-layered porous tube / rod according to the present application is described in detail in Embodiments 2-8.

[0063] Embodiment 2

[0064] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: The isolation steel foil 14 is installed on the inner circle of the annular groove on the upper surface of the rod positioning sleeve 12, and the outer sleeve 13 is installed on the outer circle. Then, the outer layer of powder 19 is filled between the outer sleeve 13 and the isolation steel foil 14, and the inner layer of powder 20 is filled in the isolation steel foil 14, and the filling is vibrated to obtain a filled rod positioning sleeve. The outer layer of powder 19 is 316L stainless steel powder with a particle size of 74 μm, and the inner layer of powder 20 is atomized nickel powder with a particle size of 74 μm. The height of the outer layer of powder 19, the inner layer of powder 20, and the outer sleeve 13 in the filled rod positioning sleeve is the same.

[0066] Step 2: The filled rod positioning sleeve obtained in Step 1 is placed on the mounting hole of the base 1, and then the screw rod 6 is rotated to tightly press the upper end surface of the inner layer of powder 20 with the lower end of the top rod 9. Then, the detachable material blocking plate 16 is pushed in from both sides to make the circular hole 17 of the material blocking plate 16 fit the isolation steel foil 14, and the lower side of the top of the material blocking plate 16 is in contact with the outer layer of powder 19 with a gap of less than 0.1 mm. Finally, the material blocking plate 16 is fixed with the base 1 to obtain a limiting device.

[0067] Step 3: The handle 18 is moved downward to rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the limiting device obtained in Step 2, and then the detachable hook 11 is installed at the lower part of the screw sleeve 7 using the second screw 10, and the hook 11 is hung on the flange 15 of the isolation steel foil 14 to obtain a device to be pulled out.

[0068] Step 4: The handle 18 is moved upward to rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the device to be pulled out obtained in Step 3 until the isolation steel foil 14 has been completely pulled out of the outer layer of powder 19 and the inner layer of powder 20, and a preformed green compact is obtained in the outer sleeve 13.

[0069] Step 5: The preformed green compact obtained in Step 4 is sintered to obtain a ring-layered gradient porous rod element.

[0070] Embodiment 3

[0071] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Install an isolation steel foil 14 on the inner ring of the annular groove on the upper surface of the rod positioning sleeve 12, and install an outer sleeve 13 on the outer ring. Then, place an outer layer powder 19 between the outer sleeve 13 and the isolation steel foil 14, and place an inner layer powder 20 inside the isolation steel foil 14. After vibrating, a filled rod positioning sleeve is obtained; the outer layer powder 19 is 316L stainless steel powder with a particle size of 150 μm, and the inner layer powder 20 is carbonyl nickel powder with a particle size of 1 μm. The outer layer powder 19, the inner layer powder 20 and the outer sleeve 13 in the filled rod positioning sleeve are at the same height.

[0073] Step 2: Place the loading rod positioning sleeve obtained in step 1 on the mounting hole of the base 1, then rotate the screw 6 so that the lower end of the push rod 9 presses against the upper end surface of the inner layer powder 20, and then push the detachable baffle plate 16 divided into two halves horizontally from both sides so that its circular hole 17 fits with the isolation steel foil 14, and the lower side of the top contacts the outer layer powder 19 with a gap of less than 0.1 mm. Finally, fix the baffle plate 16 to the base 1 to obtain a position limiting device;

[0074] Step 3: Move the handle 18 to rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the limiting device obtained in step 2 downward, and then use the second screw 10 to install the detachable hook 11 at the lower part of the screw sleeve 7, and make the hook 11 hang against the flange 15 of the isolation steel foil 14 to obtain the device to be removed;

[0075] Step 4: Move the handle 18 to rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the device to be extracted obtained in step 3 upward until the isolation steel foil 14 is completely extracted from the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, and a prefabricated green body is obtained in the outer sleeve 13;

[0076] Step 5: The prefabricated green body obtained in step 4 is pressed and then sintered to obtain an annular layered gradient porous rod element.

[0077] Example 4

[0078] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0079] Step 1: Install an isolation steel foil 14 on the inner ring of the annular groove on the upper surface of the rod positioning sleeve 12, and install an outer sleeve 13 on the outer ring. Then, place an outer layer powder 19 between the outer sleeve 13 and the isolation steel foil 14, and place an inner layer powder 20 inside the isolation steel foil 14. After vibrating, a filled rod positioning sleeve is obtained; the outer layer powder 19 is an electrolytic copper powder with a particle size of 74 μm, and the inner layer powder 20 is an electrolytic copper powder with a particle size of 25 μm. The outer layer powder 19, the inner layer powder 20, and the outer sleeve 13 in the filled rod positioning sleeve are at the same height.

[0080] Step two, the filling rod positioning sleeve obtained in step one is placed on the mounting hole of the base 1, then the screw rod 6 is rotated to make the lower end of the ejector rod 9 tightly abut against the upper end surface of the inner layer powder 20, the detachable material blocking plate 16 is horizontally pushed into the two sides respectively, the circular hole 17 is matched with the isolation steel foil 14, the lower side of the top is in contact with the outer layer powder 19, and the gap is less than 0.1mm, finally the material blocking plate 16 is fixed with the base 1, and the limiting device is obtained;

[0081] Step three, the handle 18 is moved downward to rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the limiting device obtained in step two, then the detachable hook 11 is installed at the lower part of the screw sleeve 7 by using the second screw 10, and the hook 11 is hung with the flange 15 of the isolation steel foil 14, and the device to be extracted is obtained;

[0082] Step four, the handle 18 is moved upward to rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the device to be extracted obtained in step three, until the isolation steel foil 14 is completely extracted from the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, and the prefabricated green body is obtained in the outer sleeve 13;

[0083] Step five, the prefabricated green body obtained in step four is sintered to obtain a ring-layer gradient porous rod element.

[0084] Example 5

[0085] The embodiment includes the following steps:

[0086] Step one, the core rod 22 is installed in the positioning hole on the upper surface of the pipe positioning sleeve 21, the inner circle of the annular groove is installed with the isolation steel foil 14, and the outer circle is installed with the outer sleeve 13, then the outer layer powder 19 is installed between the outer sleeve 13 and the isolation steel foil 14, the inner layer powder 20 is installed between the isolation steel foil 14 and the core rod 22, and vibration is performed, and the filling pipe positioning sleeve is obtained; the outer layer powder 19 is 316L stainless steel powder with a particle size of 45μm, and the inner layer powder 20 is nickel-aluminum alloy powder with a particle size of 150μm; the heights of the outer layer powder 19, the inner layer powder 20 and the outer sleeve 13 in the filling pipe positioning sleeve are the same and are lower than the height of the core rod 22;

[0087] Step two, the filling pipe positioning sleeve obtained in step one is placed on the mounting hole of the base 1, then the screw rod 6 is rotated to make the lower end of the ejector rod 9 tightly abut against the upper end surface of the inner layer powder 20, the detachable material blocking plate 16 is horizontally pushed into the two sides respectively, the circular hole 17 is matched with the isolation steel foil 14, the lower side of the top is in contact with the outer layer powder 19, and the gap is less than 0.1mm, finally the material blocking plate 16 is fixed with the base 1, and the limiting device is obtained;

[0088] Step three, rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the limiting device obtained in step two downward by the lifting handle 18, then install the detachable hook 11 at the lower part of the screw sleeve 7 by the second screw 10, and make the hook 11 abut against the flange 15 of the isolation steel foil 14, to obtain the device to be extracted;

[0089] Step four, rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the device to be extracted obtained in step three upward by the lifting handle 18, until the isolation steel foil 14 has been completely extracted from the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, then press the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, and then take out the core rod 22, to obtain the preform green body in the outer sleeve 13;

[0090] Step five, sinter the preform green body obtained in step four, to obtain the ring-layer gradient porous pipe element.

[0091] Example 6

[0092] This example includes the following steps:

[0093] Step one, install the core rod 22 in the positioning hole on the upper surface of the pipe material positioning sleeve 21, install the isolation steel foil 14 in the inner circle of the annular groove, install the outer sleeve 13 in the outer circle of the annular groove, then install the outer layer powder 19 between the outer sleeve 13 and the isolation steel foil 14, install the inner layer powder 20 between the isolation steel foil 14 and the core rod 22, and vibrate to obtain the filled pipe material positioning sleeve; the outer layer powder 19 is 316L stainless steel powder with a particle size of 74 μm, and the inner layer powder 20 is atomized nickel powder with a particle size of 74 μm; the heights of the outer layer powder 19, the inner layer powder 20 and the outer sleeve 13 in the filled pipe material positioning sleeve are the same and lower than the height of the core rod 22;

[0094] Step two, place the filled pipe material positioning sleeve obtained in step one on the installation hole of the base 1, then rotate the screw rod 6 to make the lower end of the ejector rod 9 tightly abut against the upper end surface of the inner layer powder 20, then horizontally push the detachable material blocking plate 16 divided into two halves from both sides respectively, so that the round hole 17 of the material blocking plate 16 abuts against the isolation steel foil 14, the lower side of the top abuts against the outer layer powder 19, and the gap is less than 0.1 mm, and finally fix the material blocking plate 16 with the base 1, to obtain the limiting device;

[0095] Step three, rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the limiting device obtained in step two downward by the lifting handle 18, then install the detachable hook 11 at the lower part of the screw sleeve 7 by the second screw 10, and make the hook 11 abut against the flange 15 of the isolation steel foil 14, to obtain the device to be extracted;

[0096] Step four, rotate the screw 7 in the device obtained in step three upward by the handle 18 until the isolation steel foil 14 has been completely extracted from the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, then press the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, and then take out the core rod 22 to obtain the preform green body in the outer sleeve 13;

[0097] Step five, sinter the preform green body obtained in step four to obtain the ring-layer gradient porous pipe element.

[0098] Example 7

[0099] This example includes the following steps:

[0100] Step one, install the core rod 22 in the positioning hole on the upper surface of the pipe positioning sleeve 21, install the isolation steel foil 14 in the inner circle of the annular groove, install the outer sleeve 13 in the outer circle of the annular groove, then install the outer layer powder 19 between the outer sleeve 13 and the isolation steel foil 14, install the inner layer powder 20 between the isolation steel foil 14 and the core rod 22, and then vibrate to obtain the filled pipe positioning sleeve; the outer layer powder 19 is 316L stainless steel powder with a particle size of 150 μm, and the inner layer powder 20 is carbonyl nickel powder with a particle size of 1 μm; the heights of the outer layer powder 19, the inner layer powder 20, and the outer sleeve 13 in the filled pipe positioning sleeve are the same and lower than the height of the core rod 22;

[0101] Step two, place the filled pipe positioning sleeve obtained in step one on the mounting hole of the base 1, then rotate the screw 6 to make the lower end of the ejector rod 9 tightly contact the upper end surface of the inner layer powder 20, then horizontally push the two halves of the detachable material blocking plate 16 from both sides respectively to make the round hole 17 of the material blocking plate 16 closely contact the isolation steel foil 14 and the lower side of the top of the material blocking plate 16 contact the outer layer powder 19 with a gap less than 0.1 mm, and finally fix the material blocking plate 16 and the base 1 to obtain the limiting device;

[0102] Step three, rotate the screw 7 in the limiting device obtained in step two downward by the handle 18, then install the detachable hook 11 at the lower part of the screw 7 by the second screw 10, and make the hook 11 closely contact the flange 15 of the isolation steel foil 14 to obtain the device to be extracted;

[0103] Step four, rotate the screw 7 in the device obtained in step three upward by the handle 18 until the isolation steel foil 14 has been completely extracted from the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, then press the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, and then take out the core rod 22 to obtain the preform green body in the outer sleeve 13;

[0104] Step five, sinter the preform green body obtained in step four to obtain the ring-layer gradient porous pipe element.

[0105] Example 8

[0106] The embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0107] Step one, install the mandrel 22 in the positioning hole on the upper surface of the pipe positioning sleeve 21, install the inner ring of the annular groove with the isolation steel foil 14, install the outer ring with the outer sleeve 13, then install the outer layer powder 19 between the outer sleeve 13 and the isolation steel foil 14, install the inner layer powder 20 between the isolation steel foil 14 and the mandrel 22, and then vibrate to get the filled pipe positioning sleeve; the outer layer powder 19 is electrolytic copper powder with a particle size of 74 μm, and the inner layer powder 20 is electrolytic copper powder with a particle size of 25 μm; the height of the outer layer powder 19, the inner layer powder 20 and the outer sleeve 13 in the filled pipe positioning sleeve is the same and lower than the height of the mandrel 22;

[0108] Step two, place the filled pipe positioning sleeve obtained in step one on the mounting hole of the base 1, then rotate the screw rod 6 to make the lower end of the ejector rod 9 tightly abut against the upper end surface of the inner layer powder 20, then horizontally push the two halves of the detachable material blocking plate 16 from both sides respectively to make the round hole 17 of the material blocking plate 16 abut against the isolation steel foil 14 and the lower side of the top abut against the outer layer powder 19 with a gap less than 0.1 mm, and finally fix the material blocking plate 16 with the base 1 to get the limiting device;

[0109] Step three, rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the limiting device obtained in step two downward by moving the handle 18, then install the detachable hook 11 below the screw sleeve 7 by using the second screw 10, and make the hook 11 abut against the flange 15 of the isolation steel foil 14 to get the device to be pulled out;

[0110] Step four, rotate the screw sleeve 7 in the device to be pulled out obtained in step three upward by moving the handle 18 until the isolation steel foil 14 has been completely pulled out from the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, then press the outer layer powder 19 and the inner layer powder 20, and then take out the mandrel 22 to get the preformed green body in the outer sleeve 13;

[0111] Step five, sinter the preformed green body obtained in step four to get the ring-layered gradient porous pipe element.

[0112] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made according to the technical essence of the present application to the above embodiment are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A powder filling device for preparing annular layered porous tubes / rods, characterized in that: The device comprises a base (1), a column seat (2) is mounted on the base (1), a column (3) is matched with the column seat (2), a crossbeam (5) is mounted on the upper end of the column (3) via a first screw (4), a screw rod (6) is threadedly mounted on the crossbeam (5) at one end away from the first screw (4), a screw sleeve (7) with an external thread is sleeved on the lower part of the screw rod (6), the screw sleeve (7) is matched with a threaded hole of a bracket (8) fixed on the base (1), a top rod (9) matched with the screw rod (6) is further mounted in the screw sleeve (7), a detachable hook (11) is mounted on the lower part of the screw sleeve (7) via a second screw (10), and a rod positioning rod coaxial with the screw rod (6) is further mounted on the base (1). The rod positioning sleeve (12) or the tube positioning sleeve (21) is provided with an annular groove coaxial with the screw (6) on its upper surface, an outer sleeve (13) is installed on the outer ring of the annular groove, an isolation steel foil (14) is installed on the inner ring of the annular groove, a flange (15) matching the hook (11) is installed on the upper part of the isolation steel foil (14), a positioning hole coaxial with the screw (6) is provided at the center of the upper surface of the tube positioning sleeve (21), a core rod (22) is installed in the positioning hole, and a detachable baffle plate (16) divided into two halves is provided on the base (1), and a circular hole (17) corresponding to the isolation steel foil (14) is provided on the baffle plate (16).

2. A powder filling device for preparing annular layered porous tubes / rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screw (6), the threaded sleeve (7), the push rod (9), the outer sleeve (13), the insulating steel foil (14), the rod positioning sleeve (12) and the flange (15) are all coaxial, or the screw (6), the threaded sleeve (7), the push rod (9), the outer sleeve (13), the insulating steel foil (14), the pipe positioning sleeve (21) and the flange (15) are all coaxial.

3. A powder filling device for preparing annular layered porous tubes / rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (1) is provided with a mounting hole that cooperates with the rod positioning sleeve (12) or the pipe positioning sleeve (21), and the lower part of the rod positioning sleeve (12) or the pipe positioning sleeve (21) is provided with a cylinder that cooperates with the mounting hole.

4. A powder filling device for preparing annular layered porous tubes / rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screw sleeve (7) is provided with a handle (18).

5. The powder filling device for preparing annular layered porous tubes / rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the push rod (9) matches the inner diameter of the isolation steel foil (14).

6. A powder filling device for preparing annular layered porous tubes / rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push rod (9) and the inner hole of the screw sleeve (7) are in a small clearance sliding fit.

7. A powder filling device for preparing annular layered porous tubes / rods according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the material blocking plate (16) matches the height of the outer sleeve (13).

8. A method for preparing annular layered porous rods using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Install an isolation steel foil (14) on the inner ring of the annular groove on the upper surface of the rod positioning sleeve (12), install an outer sleeve (13) on the outer ring of the annular groove, then fill the outer layer powder (19) between the outer sleeve (13) and the isolation steel foil (14), fill the inner layer powder (20) into the isolation steel foil (14), and vibrate to obtain a filled rod positioning sleeve; the outer layer powder (19), the inner layer powder (20) and the outer sleeve (13) filled in the rod positioning sleeve have the same height; Step 2: Place the loading rod positioning sleeve obtained in step 1 on the mounting hole of the base (1), then rotate the screw (6) so that the lower end of the push rod (9) presses against the upper end surface of the inner layer powder (20), and then push the detachable baffle plate (16) divided into two halves horizontally from both sides so that the circular hole (17) fits with the isolation steel foil (14), and the top lower side of the baffle plate (16) contacts the outer layer powder (19), and the gap is less than 0.1 mm. Finally, fix the baffle plate (16) to the base (1) to obtain a limiting device; Step 3: Move the handle (18) to rotate the screw sleeve (7) in the limiting device obtained in step 2 downward, and then use the second screw (10) to install the detachable hook (11) on the lower part of the screw sleeve (7), and make the hook (11) hang against the flange (15) of the isolation steel foil (14) to obtain the device to be removed; Step 4: Move the handle (18) to rotate the screw sleeve (7) in the device to be extracted obtained in step 3 upward until the isolation steel foil (14) is completely extracted from the outer layer powder (19) and the inner layer powder (20), and a prefabricated green body is obtained in the outer sleeve (13); Step 5: Sintering or pressing the prefabricated green body obtained in step 4 to obtain an annular layered gradient porous rod.

9. A method for preparing an annular layered porous pipe using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Install a core rod (22) in the positioning hole on the upper surface of the pipe positioning sleeve (21), install an isolation steel foil (14) on the inner ring of the annular groove on the upper surface of the pipe positioning sleeve (21), install an outer sleeve (13) on the outer ring of the annular groove, then fill the outer layer powder (19) between the outer sleeve (13) and the isolation steel foil (14), fill the inner layer powder (20) between the isolation steel foil (14) and the core rod (22), and vibrate to obtain a filled pipe positioning sleeve; the outer layer powder (19), the inner layer powder (20) and the outer sleeve (13) filled in the pipe positioning sleeve have the same height and are lower than the height of the core rod (22); Step 2: Place the filling tube positioning sleeve obtained in step 1 on the mounting hole of the base (1), then rotate the screw (6) so that the lower end of the push rod (9) presses against the upper end surface of the inner layer powder (20), and then push the detachable baffle plate (16) divided into two halves horizontally from both sides so that the circular hole (17) fits with the isolation steel foil (14), and the top lower side of the baffle plate (16) contacts the outer layer powder (19), and the gap is less than 0.1 mm. Finally, fix the baffle plate (16) to the base (1) to obtain a limiting device; Step 3: Move the handle (18) to rotate the screw sleeve (7) in the limiting device obtained in step 2 downward, and then use the second screw (10) to install the detachable hook (11) on the lower part of the screw sleeve (7), and make the hook (11) hang against the flange (15) of the isolation steel foil (14) to obtain the device to be removed; Step 4: Move the handle (18) to rotate the screw sleeve (7) in the device to be extracted obtained in step 3 upward until the isolation steel foil (14) is completely extracted from the outer layer powder (19) and the inner layer powder (20), and then press the outer layer powder (19) and the inner layer powder (20), and then remove the core rod (22) to obtain a prefabricated green body in the outer sleeve (13); Step 5: Sintering the prefabricated green body obtained in step 4 to obtain an annular layered gradient porous tube.

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